Sport culture

The research dealt with the role of organizational conflict management in the application of administrative accountability in some sports institutions in Iraq. , While the approved variable represented in administrative accountability represented an understanding of the work methodology in the sports institution and its management, which is one of the most important roles of administrative leadership at the present time, the research started from a research problem represented by the following questions: -
1. Is there a strategy for managing organizational conflict by the leaders in the sports organization?
2. What are the areas of administrative accountability in the sports institution and are they dealt with on the basis of organizational conflict management strategies?
The researcher tested the correlation and influence relationship between "organizational conflict management", which represents the behavior of administrative leaders as individuals, and "administrative accountability" for their association in their sports institutions that they lead. Through this research, several theoretical and practical conclusions were reached, the most important of which were:-
1. There is a significant correlation and impact between organizational conflict management and administrative accountability at the macro level and at the level of the sub-factors that make up them.
2. Administrative accountability in the research sample was morally affected by the management of organizational conflict at the macro level and at the level of its component sub-factors.
The researcher recommended the need for the sports institution to adopt a specific and studied policy in the management of organizational conflict, and this includes having plans and work programs to implement such strategies, as any change in the behavior of individuals (leaders and subordinates) must be subject to study, planning, and programming.

The idea of the research is to study the relationship between the level of psychological skills and the level of sports motivation among the municipal football club players, by measuring the level of psychological skills in all its dimensions, in addition to measuring the level of sports motivation in all dimensions, and then finding the relationship between them in order to select the players who have levels Good psychological skill as well as a high level of motivation and they have the ability to absorb and practical application in the field to involve them in the basic formation of the team and improve technical and skill performance to achieve positive results for their team.
The researcher used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the research sample was represented by the municipal football club players for the season 2020-2021, who numbered (27) players. The following: (arithmetic mean - standard deviation - percentage - alpha coefficient - simple correlation coefficient).

The main objective of the current study was to identify the effect of the use of energy drinks on the attention spans of football players. The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the study. Twenty-one players were selected from the second year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Salahaldin University-Erbil those practicing the game. They were divided into three groups (two experimental groups: the first experimental group used energy drinks that contained caffeine An average of 85 mg was given to each player., and the second experimental group used non- caffeinated energy drink non- caffeinated). As for the control group, they did not use any of the drinks, with 7 players per group. The totals were tested twice, the first time as a pre-test, and after two weeks passed, they were tested for the second time with the introduction of the dependent variable, and it was calculated as a post-test. Attention. The current study's findings on the efficacy of energy drinks in raising attention indicators in the sample and in favor of the two experimental groups in the aspects (focus, transformation, distribution, stability of attention).

The research aims to identify:
1. Identifying the evaluation of the dominant leadership behavior among the styles (training, guidance, motivation, facilitating sports performance, authoritarian behavior, democratic behavior) among volleyball coaches of Kurdistan Region-Iraq clubs from the players' point of view.
2. Identifying the level of psychological compatibility of volleyball coaches in the clubs of the Kurdistan Region - Iraq.
3. Identifying the degree and direction of the relationship between psychological adjustment and leadership behavior patterns (training and counseling, motivation, facilitating sports performance, authoritarian behavior, and democratic behavior) among volleyball coaches in the clubs of the Kurdistan Region - Iraq.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method for its suitability and the nature of the study. As for the research community, it was volleyball players in the clubs of the Kurdistan region - Iraq, which numbered (1210) players. The research sample amounted to (180) players. The statistical package (SPSS) was used to extract the arithmetic means, standard deviations and correlation coefficient, and the researcher reached the following results:
1. There are significant differences between the training and counseling style on the one hand and the rest of the other four styles (motivation, facilitating athletic performance, authoritarian behavior, and democratic behavior) on the other hand, in favor of the coaching and counseling style, and this confirms its use by the majority of trainers.
2. There are significant differences between the democratic behavior pattern on the one hand and the authoritarian behavior pattern on the other hand, in favor of the democratic behavior pattern, and this confirms that it is the second method in terms of frequent use.

The research aims to discover:
- Detecting the effect of rebounding strength exercises in developing some special physical abilities
- Detecting the effect of rebounding force exercises in developing the level of skill performance for some skills of the floor movement device for girls' gymnastics.
The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the research sample was represented by the students of the third stage - College of Education for Girls (Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences), and their number was (30) students. Experimental and control, and in order to control all the variables and physical, physical and skill measurements, homogeneity and equivalence between the two groups for the variables of height, age and weight were conducted, then determining the most important appropriate physical abilities as well as choosing the appropriate strength regressive exercises.
A proposed training curriculum was prepared as it included a set of strength regrissive exercises, and the training program took (8) weeks with a load ripple (2:1) and included (24 training units) using the high intensity interval method.
The experimental group, using strength regressive exercises, achieved better results than the experimental group in physical abilities and skill level performance.

Through the researcher's follow-up to methods of teaching the performance of swimming crawling effectiveness, the researcher found that most of the uneducated (6-9) years old who want to learn face great difficulties in learning skills according to their sequence such as buoyancy, flow, and movements of the arms and legs, especially in its beginning because the pools Swimming is a strange environment for them because there is a state of fear in learning to swim and leads to a rapid loss of awareness and sense of movement and the environment, since the lack of observance of the basic principles of motor learning, including the sense of movement and the accompanying perception and sense of movement, which is gradually formed through practical practice and repetition of work for the muscles involved in performance, so the researcher, through his observations of those observations, considered the use of educational exercises to learn to perform the effectiveness of swimming crawling by implementing sensory-motor exercises that have an important role in the learning process of crawling swimming, in addition to the educational method used for this purpose. The aim of the research is to:
1. Preparing exercises according to the sensorimotor abilities using an educational aid to learn to perform the crawling swimming activity for uneducated people aged (6-9) years.
2.The sensorimotor abilities exercises have an effect on learning to perform the free swimming activity for uneducated people aged (6-9) years.
The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of solving the problem. The most important conclusions were:
1.The exercises according to the kinesthetic abilities had an effective and positive role in enabling the experimental group to learn the basic skills in.

Disclosure of the effect of using overlapping style Prince and interactive to acquire some of the basketball skills (scrolling, conversation, correction of stability).
- Comparison between the use of overlapping style Prince and interactive style of the teacher to acquire some of the basketball skills (scrolling, conversation, correction of stability).
To achieve the objectives of the research the researcher assumed:
1-. There were statistically significant differences between pre and post tests of the experimental group and in favor of a posteriori tests.
2. There were statistically significant differences between the results of the students in the experimental group and the control group in the acquisition of some basketball skills and in favor of the experimental group in the post-test
Researcher used experimental method for suitability and the nature of research on a sample of the first school year students in the College of Sport Education, University of Samarra by (40) students divided into two experimental groups and the control group. After the conduct of parity and the application of the tests the researchers tribal implementation of the proposed program. I have been using the following statistical methods to extract the results:
- The arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test for non-equal samples, t-test for equal samples.
The researcher found through the results to the following
- The effectiveness of the proposed method in learning research skills through the emergence of significant differences were statistically significant between the pre and post tests of the experimental group..
Outweigh the overlapping style my style Prince and interactive style of the teacher in learning some basic skills of basketball.
- The involvement of students in the main part of the application increased Dafieth of learning about and follow-up learning and thereby increase compared to the traditional style to the subject teacher..

The research aims to identify the effect of the transmission of vertical and inverse vertical learning for the skills of sending and passing from the bottom in volleyball, and to reveal the best transmission of the effect of learning. The second class of the Physical Education Department in the College of Basic Education at Karmian University, and their average age was (19-21) years, and they were regular and regular for the academic year (2018-2019), and they were tested in the skills of sending and passing from the bottom in volleyball, as the sample was divided into two experimental groups , the first was learning the two skills under study according to the vertical transfer, and the second learning the same two skills, but according to the inverted vertical transfer.
The results of the research showed significant differences between the tribal and remote tests and in favor of the post tests in learning the two skills and for the two groups, but we did not show significant differences between the two groups in the pass from bottom test, and the result was in favor of the group that learned according to the inverted vertical transfer (from difficult to easy).
The researcher recommended making use of the transfer feature for the effect of learning by completing this study on skills in other sports games.

The research aims to:
- Preparing exercises using (S.S.G) style in developing some of the physical abilities and complex skill performance of young football players.
- Identifying the effect of (S.S.G) exercises in the experimental group of equal numbers in developing some physical abilities and complex skill performance of the research sample members.
The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research problem.
The research community was identified, and they are the young players in the clubs of Salah al-Din governorate, and their number is (10) clubs. The sample of the research was represented by the young players of the Youth Football Sports Club in Salah al-Din Governorate for the sports season (2020-2021), and their number is 36 players, and thus they represent a percentage of ( 33,333%), and (10) players were chosen to represent the experimental research sample, as the sample was chosen in a deliberate way, due to the proximity of the sample to the researchers and the ease of conducting the experiment on them, as well as the research problem was identified through them.
The researchers used the statistical program (SPSS) using the computer to process the raw scores obtained from the tribal and dimensional tests.
From the findings of the researchers, they concluded the following:
The quality of the exercises that were used had a significant impact on the development of all physical abilities and composite skill performance between the pre and post tests of the experimental group with .
The nature of the (S.S.G) exercises used and similar to the playing conditions had a significant impact on the development of most of the variables studied.
The superiority of the experimental group is clear in variables in all physical abilities and performance

The research aims to :
1-Building a scale for the role of administrative professionalism in sports clubs in Erbil governorate
2- Identifying the role of administrative professionalism in sports clubs in Erbil governorate
3- Recognizing the significance of differences between administrators regarding the role of administrative professionalism in sports clubs in Erbil governorate according to some personal variables.
The descriptive approach and the survey method were used for its relevance and the nature of the current research, and the research community included 130 administrators in the governorate of Erbil, and for the research necessity, the researcher chose two samples from the research community, the first for construction by (60) administratively, and the second for application by (20) administratively, and the researcher resorted to (10) administrators From inside and outside the sample to conduct the exploratory experiment on them, and neglected (10) forms for the lack of scientific condition in them. To achieve the objectives of the research, it required building a scale for the role of administrative professionalism in sports clubs in Erbil Governorate, according to scientific procedures. The data were statistically processed using SPSS and EXCEL.

Identify level Style of Six Hats thinking and relation to problem-solving strategy for members of staff the teaching in shaqlawa College of Education.
The descriptive style had been used in the members of staff the teaching, the sample of search contain from (60) teachers of the college education .after data collection and using appropriate statistical methods, and to achieve those goals, the research use a tool to measure the style of members of staff the teaching, and performance measurement in Remaining open to problem-solving strategy through teachers outcomes,
Was research following? Result:
- There is a positive incremental ratio of the level of the Six Thinking Hats among faculty members at the Shaqlawa College of Education.
- There is a correlation and a moral effect between the dimensions of the Six Thinking Hats level and the problem-solving strategy of faculty members at the Shaqlawa College of Education.
In the light of the study results, the researcher recommends the following:
- The necessity of paying attention to the six hats strategy of thinking as a practical approach, and its activation and investment by the faculty members.
Focus on improving problem solving strategy by encouraging thinking based on the Six Thinking Hats.

1. Identifying the bar velocity in the stages of the snatch lift and its relationship to the level of achievement of the champions of the Kurdistan Region in weightlifting.
2. Identifying the level of achievement for the snatch raise among the heroines of the Kurdistan Region .
3. Identifying the bar velocity in the stages of the snatch lift and its relationship to the level of achievement of the champions of the Kurdistan Region in weightlifting.
Research hypothesis:
-There are statistically significant differences for the bar velocity in the stages of the snatch lift and its relationship to the level of achievement for the champions of the Kurdistan Region in weightlifting.
Research Methodology:
The researchers used the descriptive approach in a manner appropriate to the nature of the research
- The research sample:
- The champions of the Kurdistan Region who represent the Erbil national team and participate in the Iraqi and international weightlifting championships for the female applicants category. In order to obtain accurate data, the researchers used measurement, testing, scientific-technical observation, analysis, and data collection methods, including :
- Technical Scientific Observation:
The scientific observation consisted of two stages, the first being photographing the research sample while performing the lift and the second phase being the kinetic analysis of the performance art of the research sample, as the research sample members were photographed by a video camera, and the camera was placed on the right side at a distance of (6.40) m At a height of (1.10) m .
Statistical methods:
Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient. And the researchers used the statistical package SPSS to process the data.
Conclusions:
1-There are significant differences in the starting stage from the starting height and the height of the bar reaching the first third of the thighs.
2-There are significant differences in the horizontal and vertical distances for the first pull.

The research aims to: -
To identify the level of student contribution to the volunteer work of university sports activities from the perspective of the owners responsible for them and to identify the meanings of differences in the fields of student volunteering in the sports activities divisions of Mosul University according to the humanities and scientific colleges, the descriptive curriculum was used in the survey method and the sample of the total research was included (57) a member of the sports staff working in the student activities divisions of the Faculty of Mosul University and for obtaining data a questionnaire was designed after the scientific conditions were met, and the data were treated statistically through the mathematical media, the standard deviation, the percentage and the test (T). For two separate items, the equation of Sberman Brown, Gitman's equation, and the factor of Alpha Kronbach.
The researcher has drawn several conclusions:
1-The areas of volunteering in which students of the University of Mosul participate to support sports activities in their colleges vary, with an average level of contributions generally from the perspective of the sports fields operating in the students activities divisions of the colleges.
2- There are significant differences between students of the humanitarian and scientific colleges in their contributions to support university sports activities through their voluntary efforts and for students of the humanitarian colleges.
The researchers recommended some recommendations, including:
1-To promote a culture of volunteerism in all its forms and fields among university students through lectures, courses, posters and awareness-raising announcements focusing on the various benefits of volunteering. 2-The need to maintain volunteer students to support university sports activities through good management, organization, training, performance evaluation and appropriate motivational techniques to attract more student.

The problem of research lies in the development of the game of badminton from a legal and technical point of view on an ongoing basis by the International Federation. It has become necessary to keep pace with this development by conducting tests and measurements at the level of the game to know the extent of their progress and to reveal their shortcomings and weaknesses. A lot of research has proven that badminton is one of the games that requires compatibility capabilities in a large way, and the lack of tests to measure these abilities, especially for applicants This prompted the two researchers to design and build tests to measure the harmonic abilities of badminton players and their ability to predict the level of skill performance. The research aims to build two tests of the harmonic abilities of badminton players and to identify the percentages of contribution and prediction of the harmonic abilities in the level of skill performance of tennis players, the category of applicants for the clubs participating in the Kurdistan Region Championship for the year 2019. Descriptive survey method, the researchers chose the sample in a deliberate way and they are badminton players, the category of applicants for the clubs participating in the regional championship for the year 2019. The harmonic abilities that were built are (badminton control, feather collection) and the researchers used my skills (forward serve and backhand) in the research, conclusions What the researchers reached is the construction of two tests for the harmonic abilities of badminton players. Reaching for tables of standard levels and standard scores for skill tests and harmonic ability tests that were built for badminton players. Feather control tests (dribbling) and feather collection as contributors to predicting the level of skill performance of the front serve skill.

The research aims to identify:
-The effect of two physical efforts according to the oxygen and oxygen energy systems on a number of blood functions (HB, HCT, RBC) among students of physical education and sports sciences.
The researcher assumed the following:
-There are statistically significant differences between the cardiac and posttest after two physical efforts according to the oxygen and oxygen energy systems in a number of blood functions (HB, HCT, RBC) among students of physical education and sports sciences
The researchers used the descriptive approach for its relevance to the nature of the research and its problem. The researchers conducted their research on the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Samarra University to represent the research community of (16) students
The researcher reached the following conclusions:
-The practical curriculum for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences has had an effect on these students by increasing blood components (HB, HCT, RBC).
The recommendations are as follows:
-Continuously conducting chemical tests before and during the application of the practical curriculum to observe the functional adaptation of vital organs.

The study aimed to prepare an educational curriculum according to the reciprocal method of some physical and motor abilities and the two skills of passing from top and bottom in volleyball, and to identify the effect of the reciprocal method in developing some physical and motor abilities and learning the skills of passing from top and bottom in volleyball. The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the problem. The research sample was represented by the students of the Heet Education Department for the intermediate stage, which numbered (14) students, and they were divided into two control and experimental groups. One of the most important recommendations is to emphasize the use of the reciprocal method in the process of learning skills.

The aim of the search is to:
-Identifying the injury rate of boys primary school students to the lateral curvature deformity of the spine (scoliosis) in schools for displaced people in Dohuk governorate.
-Identifying the injury rate of primary school girls for girls from the lateral curvature deformation of the spine (scoliosis) in schools for displaced people in Dohuk governorate.
-Identifying the differences between primary school students for boys and girls in the lateral curvature deformation of the spine (scoliosis) for displaced schools in Dohuk governorate.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method for its relevance and the nature of the research. The experiment was carried out on a sample of primary school students for displaced schools in Dohuk Governorate. The sample was chosen randomly. (15) schools out of (72) schools were visited, and the actual research sample was ( 164) students with lateral curvature deformity of the spine out of (3038) students were examined, which included the (fourth, fifth and sixth) grades of boys and girls. The exploratory and the main experiment and the researcher used (simple correlation coefficient, standard deviation, test (T.T) and percentage)
The researcher reached
-The presence of injuries to the lateral curvature of the spine (scoliosis) for boys in the primary stage, which amounted to (2.53%) for the schools of the displaced in the governorate of Dohuk.
-The presence of injuries of lateral curvature deformation of the spine (scoliosis) for primary school students for girls, which amounted to (2.86%) for schools for displaced people in Dohuk governorate.
The high incidence of injuries among girls compared to boys due to the lateral curvature deformation of the spine (scoliosis) in schools for displaced people in Dohuk Governorate.

The researchers used the experimental method of one group with pre-tests and post-tests. The research sample is determined by the second-degree referees in Kirkuk governorate and accredited by the Iraqi Central Football Association. They are (12) and constitute (3,252%) of the research community which is 369 referees.
In light of the content of the discussion of the results, the researchers reached the following conclusions:
1. The special exercises prepared by the researcher have a positive effect on the referees in passing the physical fitness tests of the second- degree referees in the post - test.
2. The high intensity methods of repetitive and interval training have a positive role in developing physical abilities (speed, endurance of speed, strength distinguished by speed, agility).
In light of these results, the researchers make several recommendations:
1. Urging the referee committees in the subsidiary federations to organize educational lectures on the psychological concepts that referees need in matches.
2. Depending on the psychological program prepared by the researchers in designing psychological programs for various sports activities.
3. The necessity of linking physical and psychological exercises during training units as mental skills have an important role in leading matches.

The two researchers used the experimental method of one group with pre and post – tests. The research sample was determined by second-degree referees in the Kirkuk governorate and accredited by the Iraqi Central Football Association. They are (12) and constitute (3,252%) of the research community which is 369 referees.
In light of the content of the discussion of the results, the researchers reached the following conclusions:
1. The effectiveness of the psychological program for mental skills, which includes a number of mental skills in making decisions for second degree referees in football.
2. There are significant differences between the pre-test and post - test in decision-making in favor of the post- test for the research sample in the fields of (physical condition, legal knowledge, emotional balance, focus during the match, cooperation between the refereeing staff).
In light of these results, the researchers made several recommendations:
1- Reliance on the psychological program prepared by the two researchers in designing psychological programs for various sports activities.
2- Preparing appropriate psychological programs and including them in the weekly training programs for referees.
3- The necessity of linking physical and psychological exercises during training units since mental skills have an important role in leading the matches.

The research aims to:
- Preparing complex exercises to develop some physical variables for young football goalkeepers.
- Detecting the effect of compound exercises on some physical variables for young football goalkeepers.
- Identifying the rate of development of some physical variables for young football goalkeepers.
The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research problem.
The research community has been identified, they are football goalkeepers for Salah El-Din Governorate clubs for ages (for the youth group), which number (24) guards distributed over eight clubs. (4) goalkeepers representing the Youth Sports Role Club, and thus they represent (16.666%) of the community of origin, and the reason for choosing them is in the intentional way, due to the presence of integrated stadiums to apply the research variables and the club’s cooperation with the researchers.
The researchers used the statistical program (SPSS) using the computer to process the raw scores obtained from the tribal and dimensional tests.
From the findings of the researchers, they concluded the following:
Compound exercises have an effective effect on the development of some physical variables
- The use of compound exercises within the training curriculum of goalkeepers, which have an effective impact on developing their physical abilities.

The problem of the current research is that there is a clear shortcoming and neglect of the evaluation process in the school sports field.
The study aims to:
1- Reaching the candidate units for the variables of physical tests for primary school students (first, second, and third) in Kirkuk governorate.
2- Building a calendar card for the physical development of primary school students (first, second, and third).
The two researchers used the descriptive approach in the two methods (survey and interrelationships), and the research community was determined by the intentional method of primary school students (males) in the center of Kirkuk governorate for the academic year (2020-2021), which included (28) schools for boys in the center of Kirkuk governorate, with (11245) students, and the researchers relied on (15) physical tests, and the researchers collected the raw data and they were processed by a number of statistical methods, namely: (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, mode, skew coefficient, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), Factor analysis by the principal components method using orthogonal rotation by the Kaiser variance maximization method, standard score (6) Sikma (not finding standard degrees) was used.
The researchers found:
1- The units nominated for the fitness variables were reached, which are (7) units, of which only four were accepted in light of the conditions set for accepting the units:
Unit one: Zigzag run 7m between the poles.
Unit Two: Jumping over the tags.
Unit 3: Run 15m from standing.
Unit Four: Bottom and Side Touch.
2- A calendar card for the physical development of primary school students (first, second, and third) was built through:
The standard grades and standard levels for the physical tests candidate for primary school students (first, second and third) in Kirkuk governorate were reached according to the candidate units for the variables.
It was reached to draw a graph (profile) representing the arithmetic mean of the physical tests candidate for primary school students (first, second and third) in Kirkuk governorate according to the candidate units for the variables.

The problem of the current research revolves around the absence of an evaluation system to an acceptable degree that can be used in the objective evaluation of the physical growth of primary school students in the center of Kirkuk governorate, in addition to the lack of reliable evidence in this process.
The study aims to:
1- Reaching the candidate units for anthropometric variables for primary school students for grades (fourth, fifth, and sixth) in Kirkuk governorate.
2- Building a calendar card for the physical growth of primary school pupils (fourth, fifth, and sixth).
The researchers used the descriptive approach using the two methods (survey and correlations), and the research community was determined by the intentional method of primary school students (males) in the center of Kirkuk governorate for the academic year (2020-2021), which included (28) schools for boys in the center of Kirkuk governorate with ( 5310) students, and the researchers relied on (23) physical measurements for the students of the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. The researchers collected the raw data and it was processed by a number of statistical means.
The researchers found:
1- The candidate units for primary school students for grades (fourth, fifth, sixth) were reached for the anthropometric variables. (9) units were reached, only six of which were accepted in light of the conditions set for accepting the units, which are: (The first unit: the thickness of the skin folds of Samana The leg, the second unit: the circumference of the humerus, the third unit: the total length of the body, the fourth unit: the length of the humerus, the fifth unit: the length of the torso with the head, the sixth unit: the width of the chest).
2- A calendar card for the physical development of primary school students for grades (fourth, fifth, and sixth) was built through:
- It was reached to set the standard scores for the candidate anthropometric measurements for primary school students (fourth, fifth and sixth) in Kirkuk governorate according to the candidate units for the variables.
It was reached to draw a graph (profile) representing the arithmetic mean of the candidate anthropometric measurements for primary school students for grades (fourth, fifth and sixth) in Kirkuk governorate according to the candidate units for the variables.

research aims:
-Preparing Special physical exercises with different angles to bend the knee on the basis of the anatomical kinetic situation in the explosive power of the lower limbs of football players.
- 2-Detection of the effect of Special physical exercises at different angles to bend the knee on the basis of the anatomical kinematic situation in the explosive power of the lower limbs of football players.
The researcher reached the following most important conclusions:
-The Special physical exercises used in the experimental curriculum have achieved a significant development in the explosive power of the lower limbs targeted in the research method.
-The Special physical exercises used in the experimental curriculum also achieved a significant development in the explosive power in favor of the experimental group when comparing the results of the pre and post tests.
-The Special physical exercises used in the experimental curriculum also achieved a significant development in the explosive power in the post test of the experimental group compared to the control group.
The researchers used the experimental method for its relevance to the
nature of the research, and the research community was identified with the payers of first-class football clubs in Salah al-Din Governorate, who numbered (250) for the 2020-2021 sports season