Journal of Studies in Humanities and Educational Sciences

Algerian-Maghreb relations expanded after independence, and Algeria was linked to many countries through diplomatic relations, especially the regional and neighboring countries. This was also helped by the emergence of Algeria’s sincere intention to break out of the limited frameworks in which the country was placed after the occupation, on the one hand, and the desire of the regional countries to have their own distinguished relations with Algeria, especially the Maghreb. Which occupied an important strategic position and a prominent economic situation represented by the presence of oil and other minerals, in addition to the efforts of the Maghreb countries to maintain their connection with Algeria for many factors, including the unity of religion and language and good neighbourliness, as well as solving the border problems with Morocco and the problem of Western Sahara and others.Successive governments in Algeria, especially during the era of Chadli Bendjedid, sought to open up to the Maghreb countries. They succeeded in establishing friendly relations and cooperation with their regional surroundings and sought, with their neighboring Arab countries, to establish the Arab Maghreb Union and end the rift with Morocco. During the era of President Chadli Bendjedid, Algeria witnessed relative stability, especially during his first presidential term (1979-1984). As for subsequent times (1985-1992), the country witnessed political, economic, and social turmoil, the results of which were the occurrence of a popular uprising in 1988. It was necessary to work on carrying out political and economic reforms, which culminated in the issuance of the 1989 constitution, but this did not please the army leadership, especially after the victory of the Islamists in the elections (1990-1991), and then the army forced President Chadli Bendjedid to resign in 1992, which led to the collapse of the country. In a real crisis, represented by the outbreak of a kind of civil war between the Islamists and the army. Here it can be said that the term of President Chadli Bendjedid’s rule is considered one of the turbulent, tense and unstable times in the history of contemporary Algeria.

The problem of terrorism is one of the most serious problems facing many societies today, including Iraqi society. Terrorism targets human life and daily activities in all aspects. Its danger is clearly evident in the large numbers of innocent citizens killed, wounded, and missing every day, as well as the destruction and devastation it causes to societal institutions. This is not to mention the loss of a sense of security caused by these acts. The implementation of terrorist operations has increased and diversified significantly at the present time, from car bombs to explosive devices and explosive belts, in addition to suicide attacks that leave behind large numbers of orphans, widows, and bereaved families. Terrorism is spreading widely in society due to the fact that the victims are innocent bystanders. Furthermore, the recurrence of terrorist attacks has left members of society in a state of anticipation, confusion, fear, panic, and terror about what is to come. In a society suffering from the spread of terrorist operations, people remain haunted by doubt. Constant anxiety and tension plague the individual, who anticipates committing further terrorist acts, even if the period between one terrorist act and the next is prolonged. This leads the individual to experience psychological and mental conflict due to the vagueness of the vision before him. He hopes that the matter is nothing more than a mere incident, even if it is a terrorist act. Just as he calms down and regains his composure, he is surprised by the occurrence of a terrorist act more severe and violent than previous terrorist acts, causing significant damage. He then returns to his previous state of anxiety, fear, and anticipation, with signs of fear evident in his behavior due to the resulting destabilization of security and stability in society.

The Anglo-Saxons had a notable stretch over the remarkable history of England, and the cultural aspect was so overwhelming to the extent that it spread almost over the literary works of the period. This topic of Anglo-Saxon England has attracted considerable scholarly attention due to its significance in understanding and appreciating the cultural construction of this historical period. An interesting aspect of Anglo-Saxon literature is its representation of social, political, and religious influences through the use of Old English poetry. The best way of knowing the cultural construction is by examining the pieces of literature that actually survived from that period, represented by Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People and the four remaining manuscripts, especially the Nowell Codex manuscript. These selected texts which include the Book of Judith, the poem of Juliana, and the epic of Beowulf provide insight into the cultural and societal norms of Anglo-Saxon England while shedding light on topics such as individual roles, religious beliefs, and the concept of heroism. Through a comprehensive analysis of these texts, we can gain a deeper understanding of the cultural nuances and values that shaped Anglo-Saxon society. Ultimately, this investigation aims to illuminate the dynamic interplay between literature and culture, highlighting the ways in which Old English poetry reflects and shapes the cultural construction of Anglo-Saxon England.

The aim of this research is to identify (the effect of the instrumental enrichment strategy on the acquisition of Islamic concepts among fifth-grade literary students). The researcher adopted one design, which is the experimental design with two equal groups, to suit the nature of the research. The sample consisted of (56) students and they were chosen intentionally. From Hod 6 Preparatory School, it was divided into two groups, one of which was experimental, which included (27) students who studied the Islamic education subject using the instrumental enrichment strategy, and the other was a control group, which consisted of (29) students, who studied the same subject in the usual way, on a random sample.The researcher identified the (12) Islamic concepts, and in light of those concepts, the researcher prepared behavioral objectives that measure the processes of concept acquisition (definition, distinction, application).
The researcher relied on testing the results of the variables in this research to acquire Islamic concepts, which consisted of (24) models of the type of multiple tests, and their validity, stability, and distinction were verified. The researcher conducted statistical analyzes of several paragraphs, and began analyzing and applying the experiment on 2/27/2023, and the experiment period ended. On May 4, 2023, the results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the test for acquiring Islamic concepts

This paper aims to explore the theme of eco-consciousness in selected poems of The Turtle Island by Gary Snyder. The study delves into the intricate connection between the outer natural world and human beings as depicted in the poetic works of Snyder, highlighting the poet's deep environmental awareness and his call for a sustainable and harmonious relationship with the Earth.The research employs a comprehensive analysis of Snyder's poems, focusing on key themes such as nature, spirituality, indigenous wisdom, and human responsibility. By examining the intricate interplay between these elements, the paper uncovers the underlying eco-consciousness that permeates Snyder's poetry and elucidates his vision of a balanced coexistence between humanity and nature. Furthermore, the research investigates the cultural and historical context that influenced Snyder's environmental philosophy, including his deep engagement with Zen Buddhism, Native American traditions, and the countercultural movements of the mid-20th century. By delving into these influences, the study sheds light on the intellectual foundations of Snyder's eco-consciousness and its significance within contemporary environmental discourse. Through a close reading of selected poems from Turtle Island, the paper highlights the diverse range of ecological themes addressed by Snyder, such as the interconnectedness of all living beings, the destructive impact of industrialization, the loss of biodiversity, and the urgent need for ecological stewardship. By examining these themes, the research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of Snyder's role as an influential environmentalist and poet.

In all her novels, Morrison talks about the brutalities of slave trade upon African and the hard-life of those slaves. The paper portrays the suffering of those black people, specially, the black woman in her novel Beloved. This paper about the racial discrimination. Also used to say the ideal upper class woman who own a lot of property. Also discuss the typical rich woman was usually treated differently from the poor woman because in ancient times people were determined by class discrimination in the rich or poor class. Morrison argues that violence was originally initiated into African-American communities by outside white people, whose quest for victims translates into a parallel search within the black community. Sexual violence is an important part of the Beloved. It is believed that sexual violence eats up the victims. Beloved represents Sethe and Paul D's identical offenses, violations characterized by sucking. The main female narrator in Toni Morison's Beloved is an example of how the role of motherhood has become a trope in African-American literature. Sethe has been a casualty of white sexual maltreatment. Conversing with Paul D, a long-lasting companion of Halle, the dad of her youngsters, Sethe recollects the day that white mem ambushed her. Sethe uncovers to Paul D how teacher sent white men to assault. The' tree' mark on the back of Seth symbolizes the harsh influence of white sexual violence in dehumanizing, depersonalizing and exploiting black people. As the object of their sexual violence, the white segment of Sethe encapsulates their endeavors to undermine and embarrass not just Sethe, yet in addition the beliefs of incendiary and defiant darkness and dark womanhood. White men utilized coercive strategies for example, assault trying to keep up a misguided feeling of prevalence over dark men.. Seth is the murderers of her daughter Beloved because, in his belief, she wants to rid her of the violence and abuse of the mother of a white man.

The research aims to shed light on the legislation and regulations issued by the Iraqi government regarding Iraqi antiquities, their maintenance, and their protection from neglect, tampering, and extinction. I found that the Iraqi government has worked to legislate the necessary laws to preserve these antiquities, so it issued a set of legislation and regulations related to antiquities, which began with the Ancient Antiquities Law of 1924, which It is considered one of the important laws that attempted to regulate antiquities excavations in Iraq, as well as regulating the expropriation and organization of archaeological sites, preserving the rights of land owners on the one hand, and preserving antiquities on the other hand. Many legislations related to antiquities were issued and contributed greatly to preserving antiquities and organizing the excavation process and identifying sites. Antiquities, numbering and guarding them, and organizing the work of excavators and archaeological missions. Therefore, Iraq is considered one of the pioneering countries in this field.

The research deals with the method and manner in which the C.I.A. handled the assassination of Pakistani Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in 1951, and what assessments the agency made of the assassination of the man and the party that stood behind him, and the impact of the assassination on the interior of Pakistan, and Pakistan’s foreign relations, especially with Neighboring countries and the region, in order for decision-making circles in the United States of America to benefit from it, and the scientific value of the research was increased by its reliance on a group of American intelligence documents that were placed at that time under the terms (secret, top secret) and then were revealed recently after the confidentiality was lifted

This research to identify (the effectiveness of the Mastery Learning Strategy (M.L.T)in the achievement of students of the Faculty of Education and the development of smart thinking and academic self-motivation). The researcher used the partially controlled experimental design of the experimental and control groups and identified the research community with the students of the third stage in the Department of Quran Sciences and Islamic Education - Faculty of Education - Morning Study for the academic year ( 2018 -201 9 ), which numbered (92) students divided into three divisions. Two divisions were randomly selected, Division ( A ) representing the experimental group and Division ( B) representing the control group, and their number in each group was (30) students. The two groups were rewarded in the following variables ( chronological age - intelligence - previous knowledge - deft thinking - academic self-motivation). He prepared the necessary research requirements represented by the scientific material andits topics, behavioral objectives and teaching plans for each group . The research was conducted, the first (the achievement test), the second tool (the dexterity scale) and the third tool (the self-academic motivation scale) and finding the psychometric properties of them. It applied the tools andstudied the experimental group according to the Mastery Learning Strategy (M.L.T) and the control group according to the usual method and then processed the data statistically using the Statistical Portfolio for Social Sciences (SPSS). The research found that (the experimental group that studied according to the effectiveness of the Mastery Learning Strategy ( M.L.T) outperformed the students of the control group that studied according to the usual method of achievement, smart thinking and academic self-motivation. The recommendations are as follows: Adopting the effectiveness of the Mastery Learning Strategy (M.L.T) for the subject of curricula and teaching methods to be taught in the Faculty of Education andurging teachers to diversify in the use of modern teaching strategies. andfamiliarize students with how they think
At the end of the current research, the researcher included some suggestions, including studying the effectiveness of the Mastery Learning Strategy (M.L.T) in other variables such as future thinking and systemic thinking skills.

The research aimed to define the concept of social change and rural society, in addition to examining the reality of rural women in light of social changes. The research sample consisted of (100) rural women from Al-Fayadhia village in Al-Qasim district. The social survey method and the questionnaire tool were used as one of the means of collecting information, in addition to using statistical means such as the percentage, arithmetic mean, and chi-square test. The research results reached the following:
1. There is a significant relationship between the social status and the impact of customs and traditions on rural women, as the value of chi-square reached (8.149), which is higher than the tabular value (7.82) at a significance level (0.05) and a confidence level (95%), and a degree of freedom (3).
2. There is a significant relationship between the economic level and the nature of life in the countryside, as the value of chi-square reached (14.176), which is higher than the tabular value (5.99) at a significance level (0.05) and a confidence level (95%), and a degree of freedom (2).
3. There is a significant relationship between the number of family members and the interest of institutions and agricultural associations in rural women, as the value of chi-square reached (8.133), which is higher than the tabular value (7.82) at a significance level (0.05) and a confidence level (95%), and a degree of freedom (3). In light of the theoretical framework and research results, the research presents its recommendations and suggestions, the most prominent of which are:
1. All government institutions should work to provide and improve public services in rural society, especially caring for rural women.
2. Work on holding seminars and workshops aimed at increasing women’s awareness of the social, cultural, and health changes surrounding them.
3. Pay more attention to encouraging women to enter the labor market and increase their participation in public life.
4. Work on modifying the negative image of women about themselves, and to educate them about their rights and their real role in society.
5. Conduct a comprehensive study of Iraqi rural women based on a database of basic data and accurate information aimed at monitoring the reality of that woman in terms of knowing the most important rights and duties assigned to her.

The aim of the research is to identify the extent to which science teachers in Najaf governorate possess e-learning skills, and to reveal the differences between the sexes (males - females) in the degree to which they possess these skills. The researcher used the descriptive approach to collect, analyze and discuss data, as he prepared a questionnaire consisting of (29) items distributed on three e-learning skills: (computer and the Internet), (e-learning management) and (e-learning evaluation), whose validity and reliability were verified. , then distributed to a sample of (120) teachers and schools in the center of Najaf governorate, and the results indicated that the degree to which science teachers in the middle school in Najaf governorate possess e-learning skills came to a medium degree, and the results also showed that there is no statistically significant difference at the level of The significance of (0.05) is attributed to the gender variable to the degree that they possess all skills, and the research came out with a number of recommendations, including: That the Ministry of Education in Iraq adopt a practical educational policy that takes upon itself the development of the reality of e-learning with traditional education and its integration with it, while the research suggested a number of proposals, including: Conducting a similar study for teachers of biology and physics in the preparatory stage

This study examines Melvin Seeman's vision of the philosophy of alienation with Karl Marx's view, who see capitalism as a force that degrades humanity. Seeman investigates alienation in a broader range of social settings, but not limited to the workplace, university, school, home, and other locations, in contrast to Karl Marx and other Marxian academics who have traditionally illuminated workplace alienation through economic and social variables. Melvin Seeman identified six distinct features or interpretations of alienation: feelings of powerlessness, normlessness, social isolation, cultural estrangement, and self-estrangement. This study aims to discuss the opinions on verity. A number of scholars have linked the idea of alienation to economics, while others have linked it to a decline in political influence. Seeman was one of them. In his essay(1959)"On the Meaning of Alienation," he categorized six different interpretations of the term: a lack of control over one's own life, a lack of purpose, a lack of social connection, a lack of cultural affinity, and a sense of being apart from one's own culture. The study's main goal is to offer a critical understanding of alienation in all its forms, causes, and demoralizing effects.

Extremism and terrorism are acts that the Islamic religion abhors and forbids from practicing. Terrorism can be understood from the definition of the Islamic jurisprudential community, which defines it as aggression practiced by individuals, groups or states out of aggression against a person (his religion, blood, mind, money and honour) and includes the types of intimidation, harm, threats, unlawful killing and cutting. The way and every act of violence, the topic of terrorism is one of the important topics that affect the nation’s affairs, and therefore this research came to show the emergence of terrorism after mentioning definitions of this term through several aspects and sciences, then we touched on its causes, elements, motives and forms to be an introduction to the study of such topics.

The holy city of Najaf was - and still is - the focus of the world's attention, as it is the city of knowledge and scholars, the bearer of the banner of jurisprudence, literature and poetry, and the leader of the decisive word in the religious, political, national, cultural and social fields. It is the den of the master of the guardians, the Commander of the Faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him). Najaf, the most honorable city in the Islamic and Arab world, was filled with thousands of scholars and poets, and among its poets and writers was Dr. Jawad Jaafar Al-Khalili. There are reasons that prompted us to study the poet’s collection, which is called (The Collection of Mirages and Loves), perhaps the most prominent of which is revealing the Najafi poetic heritage and the sources of its creativity in this sacred enclave, and reviving it. The exploits of her children, as we dealt with the study of the poet’s poetic achievement, We tried to navigate through its folds, searching for the places of beauty embodied in its various topics, its various graphical methods, and its harmonious artistic images with influential musical rhythms, and to reveal them through an objective and artistic study, and with a descriptive analytical approach. The study consisted of two sections, and a conclusion. In the first section, we shed light on introducing the life of Dr. Al-Khalili, his environment, and his era. The second section dealt with the technical study represented by (words, styles, rhetorical images, and internal and external rhythm). The researcher developed the conclusion and recommendations.

Achebe shows in Things Fall Apart (1958) the intricate picture of how the colonial empire and those colonized relate to each other by using the main character of Okonkwo and missionaries. The novel sincerely depicts the results of the unjust regime and the failure of colonial justice system as well as how it affects the Igbo people. The novel shows how the colonizers’ world and killing Machiavellian rules forces the people in the village of Igbo to be assimilated with. Okonkwo's hunger for power and a need to incur control lets him failed in the end. This viewing of Annabel and Susanna, as well as his becoming frustrated with their behavior, is an effect of his strong abidance to high and rigid gender roles and his dislike of anything that might threaten his position in the hierarchy that is favorable to him. This process leads to his initial exile and finally his death.

In this study, the researchers shed light on one of the Hilli magazines that gained leadership and establishment in the city of Hilla, prominent in this context is Al-Hikma Al-Hilli Magazine 1936-1937. The study was divided into three axes. The first axis dealt with the owner of the magazine and the idea of its emergence and content (1936-1937 AD), which included: The second axis is the magazine Al-Hikma and the Arabic Language, while the third axis is between the magazine Al-Hikma and Literature. The researchers continued the research in two tables. The first table shows the treatments of the literary magazine “Al-Hikma”, while the second table shows the statistics and percentages for the treatments of the literary magazine “Al-Hikma”. The researchers’ goal of the research. To show this magazine, the extent of its influence, its goal, and the message it reached, and one of the most important results of the study is that Al-Hikma magazine aspires to make the classical Arabic language an alternative to the colloquial language, and to advance the literary movement in general in Iraq, and in Hilla in particular.

the current research targeted to known
Affective Impulsivity on (gender, Specialization College, and University level) variables the Affective Impulsivity test prepared by (Whiteside&Lynam,2001which translate into Arabic by the researcher , which consists of22 items in its final version and after that checked its reliability and validity. After that the researcher applied the three tests on a sample of (600 students was selected randomly, and after research tools applied and then used statistical methods including Spearman- Brown coefficient, original coefficient of correlation, and analysis and Z test. In light of the research objectives, she reached the following results A Raring of Affective Impulsivity level with university students was high Linguistic Ambiguity Solving, Working Memory Capacity during problem-solving and Affective Impulsivity according to gender, specialization college and university level variables. In light of these results the researcher came out with some conclusions, recommendations and proposals

The researcher believes that the Holy Qur’an, as the constitution of the nation and the main source of its legislation, and that it is an explanation of everything, did not ignore a human, social, or religious problem, whether small or large, without pointing to it and providing the appropriate solution to it, in addition to the purified Sunnah represented by the words of the Prophet (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) and his actions, which are considered... The other tributary of Islamic legislation, it did not ignore that, as many hadiths were issued by him (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) and by his distinguished companions and his pure family. This research is an easy attempt to draw the reader’s attention to some of the problems referred to in the Qur’anic verses and the Prophet’s hadiths and provide an effective treatment for them. The researcher chose three of the problems that he saw as common in society, namely poverty, orphanhood, and divorce, which society suffered from in the past and which crystallized clearly. Nowadays. The research relied on the Holy Qur’an, the most important interpretations, sources of legislation, and books of novels, ancient and modern.

The technological and scientific development that has affected society, which has affected outer space and has become an integral part of daily life because the information that we obtain is from satellites that exist in space, and This development made countries compete in the use and exploitation of outer space. Therefore, in our research, we explained the outer space and the different trends and opinions that emerged in the process of defining it. And we showed that there is a legal regulation of space that derives its sources from the sources of public international law, and how these sources, along with the effective role of the United Nations, led to the signing of several treaties that deal with outer space issues and define the basic principles that regulate outer space to keep pace with the development of space activities, and among these principles is exploration, the use of outer space for the benefit of nations without discrimination and without national ownership of outer space, the freedom to use it by states without taking into account the development of the state or its strength or weakness, the principle of common heritage, which considers space as the heritage of all states with the right to use and exploit it, the principle that outer space is subject to legal rules for its exploration and use, and the principle of tolerance. The state is responsible for its governmental and non-governmental activities before the international community, the principle of peaceful use of space, the principle of registering the launch of space objects, the state bearing responsibility for the resulting damages, the principle of state cooperation and assistance to astronauts, and in our study we addressed international conflicts over outer space due to the peaceful and unpeaceful use of outer space and the big role of The United Nations in the legal regulation of outer space and its conclusion of general treaties that are considered a source of outer space law.

The current research aimed to determine the effect of the RAFT strategy on the achievement and thinking of students in the College of Education Flexible. For this reason, the researcher formulated the following null hypotheses:
1 - “There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average grades of the group’s students. The experimental group who study according to the RAFT strategy and the average grades of the control group students who study according to the regular method in the final achievement test for the educational technology subject”.
2 - “There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average grades of the group students experimental group who study according to the (RAFT) strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study according to the regular method in the post-flexible thinking test.”
3 - “There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study According to the RAFT strategy in testing pre- and post-test flexible thinking.” The researcher used an experimental design with partial control for two groups, experimental and control. The total research sample reached (56) male and female students from the History Department in the College of Education. The researcher conducted parity between the two groups before starting the experiment, which It was applied in the second semester and lasted from 3/2/2023 to 5/18/2023 AD. After the end of the experiment, the researcher applied the final achievement test and the post-test of flexible thinking to the two groups. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) to process the statistics, and the results resulted in: The students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the final achievement test and the post-test of flexible thinking. Based on the results, the researcher presented a group Of recommendations and suggestions.

The research provides Critical and suggested reading of the Moroccan experience in combating drugs and psychotropic substances, where the experience is evaluated in terms of the results achieved and the limits of success with regard to the area of land cultivated with cannabis, the growing European demand and the increase in drug smuggling operations, as well as the alternatives offered to cannabis growers, as well as with regard to Addiction treatment and Moroccan criminal policy. The research concludes its topics by presenting a set of proposals and recommendations.

The role of the scientific researcher is essential in the era of digital repositories, as he provides advanced and modern information and knowledge, since his interest in digital repositories is through what the scientific researcher writes in digital repositories with an educational aspect, as they are stored in a digital nature stored in an integrated place or warehouse that allows the scientific researcher to use what suits him. (Research and studies, digital electronic reports, digital articles, files, video clips, charts and drawings, scientific dissertations and dissertations). Digital repositories are considered one of the integrated collaborative educational environments that help the scientific researcher develop scientific research and provide it with all developments in research and studies to supplement his research with them as well. Sources, books, previous studies, and other electronic sources are included in these digital repositories . Digital repositories provide sources of learning that are suitable for every scientific researcher. Digital information can be stored and exchanged to ensure the participation and cooperation of researchers, those interested in scientific research and science, and students of studies at various stages to benefit from each other’s experiences in constantly updating information and developing their performance in education. It reveals the importance of the scientific researcher and his skill in seeking help. Digital repositories in research and studies of interest because they help the scientific researcher to benefit from digital repositories in providing sources, books, and research of an electronic or traditional (paper) nature. The research reached results, including: the characteristics of the scientific researcher, including: providing the researcher’s personal desire for a subject, the researcher’s ability to endure in searching for sources of knowledge, the humility of the scientific researcher, and the research recommendations, including: urging students of science and knowledge to prepare the supplies and material capabilities necessary for the application of repositories. Digital in the educational process.

The effect of fearing of Allah has a great importance , this effect appears apparently on one’s self . Fearing Allah is an important matter in the life of the believer . Most importantly , what is required from the believer , is fearing the Almighty Allah . That is why I thought to write about Fear under the title ( The effect of Fearing Allah in Muslim’s Doctrine ) ,the paper is of two sections and each section is of three sub-sections . The paper settles a current matter that many people need particularly nowadays as these days are full of distractors and sins . The role of fearing Allah comes to reform the believers’ deeds and behaviour . So , the muslim watches his/her act in order not to be tormented for his / her dereliction . When it comes to the effect of fear in smoothing the heart , fearing the Almighty Allah and being scared of him fixes the heart , tie it and make it soft if it is tough , then returns it to the stable life and comfort for being in touch with Allah .

Linguistics is one of the sciences that has received high acclaim from the pens of researchers, and modern scholars in particular, as it is the leading revealer of the hidden contents of the language as a whole, and the sole researcher of the coherence of its texts and their connections. One of its most prominent branches is (repetition), which was the title of our research, in our attempt to monitor different Its mechanisms, in selected texts from the collection (What My Heart Did Not Say), describing its frameworks within the poetic language that we observed from the poet, and highlighting its important role in achieving textual cohesion, A solution to the problem of revealing the artistic and semantic dimension of the poet Widad Al-Wasiti. By identifying some of the types of repetition that he employed in his texts, and measuring the amount of spontaneity and intentionality behind it, to be a guide to discovering the truth of creative creativity on the one hand, and the scientific methodology in stylistic analysis on the other hand.

The research aimed to know the effect of educational design based on multiple-solution tasks on achievement and peripheral thinking among third-year intermediate students in mathematics and chemistry. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers used two approaches: the first is the descriptive approach to prepare educational design according to multiple-solution tasks, and the other is the experimental approach to identify... The impact of the program on the two dependent variables. The research sample consisted of (61) students from the third intermediate grade who were randomly distributed into two groups, the first an experimental group consisting of (30) students and the second a control group consisting of (31) students. Equivalence were conducted between the two groups in the variables of (age, prior knowledge in mathematics and chemistry, and intelligence and peripheral thinking). The researchers prepared an achievement test consisting of (30) multiple-choice items for each of the subjects of mathematics and chemistry, and a test of peripheral thinking consisting of (20) items. The validity and reliability of the two tools were verified, and the results showed, using appropriate statistical methods, that there was a statistically significant difference in both academic achievement and peripheral thinking, in favor of the experimental group.

The present research paper purports to be an in-depth analysis of the novel "1984 by George Orwell, wherein the themes of totalitarianism, surveillance, and individual freedom are explored. This research does much work unravelling the Big Brother regime's psychological effects on Winston Smith, an individual in the novel whose complex emotions Orwell uses to criticize the mechanisms of control and manipulation typical of all totalitarian regimes. The main topics of mistrust of thought, the depiction of how the news is misrepresented, and the disintegration of relationships are involved in explaining Orwell's deep insights into how people are controlled and ways of resisting it. With this aim in mind, the paper also makes a needled thread between the dystopian world of Oceania and today’s digital surveillance and privacy issues, enhancing the novel’s ongoing significance in the modern digital era. The illustrated process of thematic analysis helps prove the role that "1984" plays as a warning against the ever-increasing power of unchecked rule. It highlights the paramount position of preserving individual freedoms in the cultural and technological development era.

The current research aims to find out the effect of the Plan strategy on the achievement of the topics of rhetoric and future thinking among fifth-grade literary students. The researchers adopted the experimental research approach, as they used an experimental design with partial control for two groups, one experimental and the other control, and the results of the research reached:
1- The achievement of the students of the experimental group who were taught according to the (PLAN strategy) matched the achievement of the students of the control group who were taught in the traditional method in the achievement test.
2- The achievement of the students of the experimental group who were taught according to the (Plan Strategy) was consistent with the achievement of the students of the control group who were taught in the traditional method of future thinking.

The research aims to identify the effect of Keller’s model of mastery learning in knowing the growth of information generation skills among fourth-grade scientific students in physics. The experimental method was the method followed. The research population was fourth-grade students: scientific in government schools within Al-Qadisiyah Educational Schools. The researcher randomly chose Al-Nahda for boys. Research sample: The researcher prepared two tests, one of which was to measure achievement and consisted of 26 items. Validity and reliability were calculated, and an information generation skills test consisting of 36 multiple-choice items was calculated. After analyzing the results, it was found that there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group. And the control group in the achievement test, and there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group and the control group in the information generation skills test.The researcher used the t-test for two equal independent samples, the difficulty and ease equation, and the Keuder equation 21 to measure stability. Through the results, the researcher recommended some recommendations and proposals.

Faili Kurds are among the original inhabitants of the Mesopotamian Valley region, and their deportation, displacement, or displacement from their region is an explicit violation of the basic rights of the Kurdish people in general and the rights of the Faili Kurds in particular, as well as an explicit violation of international and national laws, so I distributed this study to the researchers, and we show In the first, the original historical roots of the Faili Kurds and the concept of the crime of forced displacement that befell this group, and in the second, we show the legal protection of this group as a result of their persecution, and then we highlight in the end the results and recommendations that we reached.

This research dealt with the significance or evidence that indicates the meaning. In order to find out about it, the research had to go through the significance from both the language and terminology aspects to clarify the essence of the significance and its definition. The task of research is to search for meanings that can be extracted, so we focused on (extraction) to reveal the commonalities between it and meaning, because they enter the mental, conceptual dimension, as it is the field of primary mental perceptions and what is extracted from them. The meaning, by its nature, does not deviate from that. Due to the centrality of the subject of multiplicity of meanings or the possibility of extracting them in research, we therefore discussed the sections and types of meaning. The research also touched on some of the determinants that must be taken into account in determining the meaning and what other evidence it may entail within the limits of intentionality and linguistic normativity. The research concluded that the connotation between the word and the meaning is a central connotation and can lead to other connotations that can be identified in terms of inference in arriving at the meaning.

the research aimed to identify the reality of practical education (application) in liberating sample, which numbered (40) male and female the scientific orientation of applied students In order to achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was prepared for the measurement, and after applying the scale to the research students, and after analysing the results statistically using Percentages the results showed the presence of several points of which everyone agreed. from college students or the research sample."
some of the contents of the study material contain typographical errors/short duvation of application. Most schools lack a library/classroom are crowded with students. In light of the remaining results, a number of recommendations were suggested, in cluding the absence of a book follow-up committee/ increasing the application period the necessity of providing a library to increase the scientific Lever the necessity of providing a place for study to reduce crowding in the

The goal of the current research is to identify the dimensions of historical enlightenment, divergent thinking skills, and the correlation between them among students of history departments in colleges of education. The research was limited to students of history departments for morning study for grades (second - third - fourth) for the academic year (2021/2022), and was conducted. Choosing a descriptive approach; Because it suits the research objectives, the sample size was (235) male and female students, with (145) females and (90) males, chosen randomly. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers prepared two research tools, the first of which was the scale of the dimensions of historical enlightenment, which consists of (35 ) paragraph distributed over six main dimensions in its final form, while the second tool was the divergent thinking test, which consisted of (12) essay questions distributed over four skills. The researchers applied their research tools, and statistical analysis was conducted and data was processed using Microsoft Excel (2013). ), and the Statistical Portfolio for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, version (26), and by applying the t-test equation for one sample, the researchers reached results that indicate that students in history departments possess the dimensions of historical enlightenment, that they possess a low level of divergent thinking skills, and that there is a positive relationship A direct relationship between historical enlightenment and divergent thinking, and based on the results, the two researchers presented a set of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

The current research aims to identify the extent of social values among kindergarten teachers. The researcher relied on a sample of (20) female teachers from Al-Dawoudi Kindergarten in the First Karkh District of Baghdad Governorate. The descriptive approach was used because of its connection to the current research and its suitability to achieve the research objectives. The social values scale was applied to them, which was built by the researcher, consisting of (24). ) paragraph, which was built by the researcher, as it consists of (24) paragraphs. Its paragraphs are responded to in the light of a four-part scale that begins (applies to me completely, applies to me a lot, applies to me sometimes, does not apply to me), and all paragraphs are corrected in the positive direction (4, 3, 2). 1) The negative paragraphs are corrected in the opposite direction (1,2,3,4). The researcher concluded that kindergarten teachers have good social values. The researcher recommended some recommendations and proposed several proposals.

This paper offers an in-depth analysis of George Herbert’s significant contributions to the Metaphysical poetry movement, underscoring his distinctive poetic style and religious fervor. It probes into Herbert’s critical reputation, the quintessential characteristics of his poetry, and his predominant inspirations, most notably the scriptures, Saint Augustine, and Donne. The paper also examines Herbert’s penchant for a plain and conversational style, his application of everyday language and imagery, and his novel approaches to sonnet and patterned poetry. It measures Herbert’s unembellished and personal tone against the elaborate conceits and lexicon of his contemporaries, such as John Donne and Andrew Marvell. Additionally, the article probes into Herbert’s spiritual facet and his expressive imagery presenting his mystical experiences. Through a categorization of Herbert’s imagery, the article elucidates his proficiency in harmonizing terrestrial and spiritual motifs, crafting a rich tapestry that mirrors his devout commitment and the human quest for the divine. This study finds Herbert as a focal figure whose work incorporates the essence of Metaphysical poetry, however, his plain style, everyday language, his genuine religious feelings, his commitment to his faith in his poetry, and plain imagery makes him a distinctive voice among other famous metaphysical poets.

The term terrorism has become a phenomenon that obstructs security and stability, in addition to trying to disperse and tear apart Islamic unity in all its forms. Because terrorism is a phenomenon that cannot be ignored in any way at the level of the entire world due to the devastating effects it has on societies and countries in general, and the Islamic community in particular, the Holy Qur’an has therefore paid attention to human thought, building it soundly, free of misguided ideas, and protecting it from terrorism of all kinds in accordance with Qur’anic verses and be effective in society and not be deceived by nonsense and malicious ideas. And work to protect society from facing the ban measures carried out by the enemies of Islam. It is worth noting that the Islamic and Arab society is going through intellectual terrorism and behavioral deviation, which causes the nation to deteriorate and distort the image of good character and good behavior. It is necessary to define a concept for this word and find a comprehensive definition that prevents terrorism. In addition, the researcher explains how the Holy Qur’an looks at the term terrorism, combating it, and ways to treat and confront it in accordance with the Holy Qur’anic verses and the opinions of the commentators on each verse related to the term terrorism or what is synonymous with it, and determining its interpretation and explaining its meanings. In addition to the impact that the Holy Qur’an has on protecting man and society from all intellectual deviations and the ways to keep him away from them. Responding forcefully to extremists and fanatics of religion, Islam, and Muslims who are trying to distort the image of Islam due to their reactionary ideas and terrorist acts.

The aim of this research was to use modern methods to evaluate the performance of a first grade teacher in teaching mathematics and identify the necessary improvement points, and the researcher reached many results, most notably:Diversity in teaching methods has a great impact on changing for the better and attracting the attention of students.one of the main pillars of joint cooperation and teamwork is activating the modern way of teaching mathematics by starting with easy lessons. in these lessons, the student has initial knowledge so that he can build on his previous information to reach new information, and through training teachers on it by holding training courses on this method and listening to the student's answer and not mocking the wrong answer, but building on it to develop the student's knowledge and increase his self-confidence.

There are foundations set by Islam to tighten and control the interaction between people and ensure that each individual or group obtains their full right without derogation from one of the parties, whether in the fields of trade, transactions and work, and Islam has developed as a legislative source a set of high and correct values and principles to help people complete dealing with each other, while ensuring that affection, mercy and love are maintained among them, and from this perspective the concept of justice in Islam was launched, as justice is not limited to the subject of Certain, but it touches on many and many doors, but the basis of all justice is divine justice, it is unfair civilization does not prevail and one of the features of justice is that it raises its owner with God and gives him a great status and divine honor that God himself has horned, and with justice the interests of people are achieved by bringing interest and warding off corruption, because the whole jurisprudence is due to considering the interests and warding off evils and the interests of people is a set of necessities on which their lives depend, It is the preservation of their religion, themselves, their money and their symptoms, as one of their interests is what guarantees them a satisfied living, and a virtuous group, and its reference to the organization of their transactions and the management of their groups with justice and fairness, and these interests do not differ according to time and place, because it is one of the necessities of life and the requirements of nature, so scientists of philosophy and law called it (natural law) because it is indispensable to society, no matter how contemporary life develops.

With the first decade of the third millennium, the phenomenon of communication emerged that became within the reach of millions of people in the world, and enabled these users to deal with it to the point that it has become painful today, under the name explains the professor. These means have a wide scope for publishing, as the topics, drawings, and various fields they publish resonate with the audience who uses them. Among these topics are related to values, some of them, some general human ideas, and diverse cultures, and that is why we call them hatred, fanaticism, and extremism. In contrast to that is another culture, we are in. What is most needed is the culture of tolerance, which is the goal of all societies that love goodness and peace.
The research will address the role of these means in spreading this culture and promoting it, and have these modern platforms constituted a powerful factor in promoting this culture?
Perhaps one of the most prominent reasons that called for research into this topic is the growing influence of social networking on users, especially students and youth, and the emergence of contradictory and different calls in social publications, some of which call for extremism and fanaticism and are characterized by the language of hatred and terrorism, and the other section, which is the subject of the study, is a discourse characterized by With tolerance, giving priority to the language of civilized dialogue, other opinions, acceptance of others, and calling for peaceful and social coexistence.
The study was applied to a purposive sample consisting of (60) young men from various families in the city of Diwaniyah.