Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

This research was conducted in one of the farms of Horticulture Department/ College of Agriculture/ Baghdad University on Cactis plant Aloe vera L. by adding Salcylic acid at 0, 100, 200 mg. L-1 interacted with a combination fertilizers consist of Humic acid at 0, 1, 2 ml.L-1. and Chemical fertilizer NPK at 0 and 2gm.Plant-1. to enhanced vegetative growth and their effect on Leaves content of Vitamins (C, B1, B2 and B6).
Results showed that the addition of Salicylic acid especially at 200mg.L-1 caused significantly increased in Vitamin amounts. So did the fertilizer treatments and the impact increased significantly when Salicylic acid was interacted with fertilization.

The Research was conducted in the plastic house Department of plant production Technology Technical college/Al-Musaib during season 2013/2014 to find out the effect of fertilization and leaf nutrition and interaction on the growth of kaki seedling c.v Lutus in a factorial in C.R.D experiment of 2 factors , the first leaf spraying with the seaweed extract (Algaton) (0, 2 , 3 and 4 ml/l) while the second was addition of humic acid to the growth media (0, 2 and 4 ml/l) the two factors were applied in month interval for 3 application , with 3 replication .
showed that spraying plants with seaweed extract and adding the humic acid 4 ml/l of both the factors results in the ( root ,arial parts qualities and mineral content of the leaves . This interaction resulted in ( higher means of root number and length , seedling hight , leaf number , shoots number and content of chlorophyll , N , P , K ) 18.33 , 60 cm ,127cm , 29.67 , 60.00 ورقة , 6.67 , 60.00SPAD , , % 1.417 0.253 % ) respectively .on the hand the control treatment resulted in the least means of all qualities studies .

The experimental was conducted to study effect of Cinnamom ethanol extracted at concentration (20 , 40 , 60 , 80 and 100 mg/ml) on Aspergillus ochraceus and Candida albicans growth by agar disc diffusion method. Ethanolic extracts of Cinnamon barks showed a significantly inhibition of mycelial growth of Aspergillus ochraceus and cellular growth of Candida albicans. The highest antifungal inhibition zone of Cinnamon bark extract against Aspergillus ochraceus and Candida albicans was showed at 100mg/ml (2.79 and 2.48 mm respectively) while lowest antifungal inhibition zone for previous fungi was showed at 20mg/ml, (0.81 and 0.51 mm respectively

The aim of the study is to compair the effect of the irrigation water salinity for Pea (Pisum Sativum L.) (verity Early Onward) . A farm study was carried out in the research field – extension farm in Al-Mhnawia which is directed by the training and extension center in Babylon / general organization of Agriculture cooperation and extension –Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture) during the winter season of 2012-2013 , the silt clay soil of the farm has a salinity range of 2.752-4.787 dS.m-1, according to the RCBD design, 12m2 for experimental unit area , six lines , three replicates ,and two treatments : The first is water quality incorporation three irrigation types: continuous irrigation with river water (average Ec=1.088 dS.m-1) (I1) , alternating irrigation by salinity drainage water with River water (I2) and continuous irrigation with Salinity Drainage water (average Ec=5.44 dS.m-1) (I3) , deplete a 75% of the available water. The second include sprinkle of Nutrients Potassium Sulfate K2SO4 2000 mg.1-1(K) , Hormone GA3 200 mg.l-1(GA3) and Plant Extract (Liquorice root extract) 4gm.l-1(L) . Results of the study can be summarized as follows :- Continuous irrigation with Salinity Drainage water a significantly decreased of plant content of Potassium , ratio of K: Na, and increased content for Na, Cl and the total product of dried seeds.
The alternative irrigation was found to significantly restrict this effect and show an increase the Potassium , K:Na ratio, and decrease content for Na, Cl. as well as increase in the total product of dried seeds.
The addition of (Nutrient, Hormone, Plant Extract) led to significant increase in the Potassium contents , a decrease in sodium and significant increase in the K:Na ratio with respect to GA3 and k factors while L shows an increase in the sodium and reduction in the K:Na ratio . Additives also led to significant reduction of the ionic chloride .
Results were show, that all treatments led to a significant increase in number of branches, number of pods and the total yield of dry seeds , with respect to the treatments K and L and significant decrease with respect to the treatment GA3 at concentration of 200 mg.l-1 .

This study was carried out in the Autumn season in the plastic houses unit in the department of Horticulture and landscape gardening.Collage of Agriculture,University of Baghdad. Sweet pepper l. Three levels of chemical fertilizer were used(C1,C2,C3), two of the organic(O1,O2) and three types of the biofertilizer (B2,B3,B4) in addition to the control ( B1).Split split plot design was used and irrigated by dripping of 3m3 hr-1. C2O2B4 treatment gave significantly higher root length and diameter and mycorrhizal infection of( 54.82 cm , 3.63mm, 87.50%) respectively in compared with ( 19.26cm, 0.75mm, 2.50%) respectively of C1O1B1 treatment. C2O2B3 and C2O2B4 treatment gave significantly higher root surface area of 482.24 and 478.38 cm2 respectively compared to C1O1B1 treatment which gave the least surface area of 61.16cm2. C3O2B4 treatment gave the highest root dry weight, highest plant length, and highest leave surface area and highest yield of plant of (16.32gm, 57.85cm, 302.91dcm2, and 2.37 Kg.plant-1) respectively compared to C1O1B1 treatment that gave ( 2.07g, 29.63cm, 43.53dcm2, and 0.26Kg.plant-1 ) respectively

The study was carried out at one of plastic houses belonged to Hort. Dept.\ Coll. of Agric.\ Univ. of Baghdad on Fall season of 2013-2014. Corms of Fressia hybrida cv. jessica were on plastic pots with 25 cm. diameter, they were filled up with six kinds of growing media: peatmoss only, soil + peatmoss 1:1, peatmoss + perlite (per.)+ vermiculite(ver.) 2:1:1, soil +peatmoss+ per + ver. 2:2:1:1 and finally per.+ver. 1:1. Plants were foliar sprayed twice. The results could be summarized as follow:
Foliar applications of jasmonic acid concentrations were not significantly affect most of vegetative and flowering characters under study. The best response on No. of leaves\ plant, No. of inflorescences, length of flowering stalk and anthocyanin content was recorded with 20 mg\l JA, ( 12.67, 6.88, 43.11, 54.61) respectively. The treatment 10 mg\l of JA was superior on increasing chlorophyll content (185.4) , while 5 mg\l of JA was the best on increasing dry weight of vegetative growth (2.87) and No. of corms\plant (2.92). The best response was recorded on plants planted on peatmoss only medium, plant height was 63.50, No. of leaves 12.83, leaf area 683cm2, chlorophyll content 197.3 mg\100g., dry weight of flowers 4.49g., No. of inflorescences\plant 8.12, length of stalk 45.4, diameter of stalk 5.55mm., flowering duration 8.25 days, dry weight of flowers 6.64, anthocyanin content 64.81 mg\100g. and No. of corms\plant 3.62. Most of the interaction treatments were significantly effective on vegetative, flowering and corms characters.

The current study intended to identification and measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations and their bioaccumulation in two species of Potamogetonaceae ; potamogeton crispus and P.pectinatus from three stations in Diwaniyah River during growth period from Jan.-Jun.2012.The results of study showed that the total PAHs concentrations ranged between (1.1-52.4 and 2.05-13.99 µg/g dry weight) and 4-rings PAHs group was recorded high concentration of (0.418-4.124) and (0.318-8.072 µg/g DW) for both plants respectively. Therefore, the study investigated dominance in compositional pattern for this group of (63.3 and 60.1%) at first site during the growth period for both plants respectively. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences between plants while the study stations were significantly different especially in south Diwaniyah city. The present study showed that the main sources of low molecular weight is incomplete combustion of oil and derivatives (pyrogenic origin) at study region while the source of high molecular weight is an oil spill and municipal wastewater (pathogenic origin).

The research aimed to (1) set up a model to monitoring the agricultural technologies diffusion process in light of the component (general formwork, plan, organization, implementation, and evaluation). (2) Knowing the opinion of the working staff (management, monitor, supervisors, and implementers) for concerning the model in field diffusion of agricultural technologies. Promising initial model his image in light of the literature and scientific studies on the subject of monitoring. It was developed through the vulnerable (29), an expert in the terms of reference of agricultural extension and management and economy, using a questionnaire included all the fields and components and items to explore the degree of consent to all of them. Used threshold cut 75% as condition for the survival of the component or fields or items within the model. This model was viewed by a sample of agricultural employees working on four projects special diffusion of agricultural technologies implemented by Mistry of agriculture and formations in all the governorates of Iraq. Threshold and concluded that the specimen is from (100) items distributed to (20) fields (5) components. The researcher game some conclusions such as the agreement of all the respondents of all the respondents about the model and that the monitoring is not a controlling but a developing tools. In addition, the researchers recommended that you take all those interested in the diffusion of agricultural technologies model monitoring process in the diffusion of agricultural technologies applied to Iraq .

A field experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons at the experimental farm, Dept. of Field Crop, Coll. of Agriculture, Univ. of Baghdad to study the response of wheat Shaam-6 cultivar to boron foliar and potassium application on growth Characters. RCBD with three replications used with split plots. The main plots was rpresented by potassium levels 0, 120 and 240 Kg K.ha.-1, and the sub-plots was rpresented by boron foliar with three concentrations 0, 200 and 400 mg B. L-1. Results showed that significantly effect for Potassium. Potassium application in 120kgk.ha-1 was superior in number of tillers (445.70, 465.00) branch.m-2, dry weight for both seasons (393.20 ,333.20)gm (55) days after sowing,( 958.90 ,970.40)gm (95) day after sowing, plant height (78.02 ,80.68)cm, leaf area (41.80, 43.59)cm-2, dry weight for flag leaf (1.026,1.088)gm, spike length (10.68 ,10.94) cm Als, high Crop growth rate for both periods (55,95) days after sowing was (6.16 ,6.30) ,(10.09 ,10.31) g m-2.day and higher releative growth rate for both periods (55,95) days after sowing was (0.1058 , 0.0722 ) and ( 0.1062, 0.0724 ) (gm.gm-1.day-1) for both seasons resepeaddition. In addition on, the result showed significant different between boron concentration for all growth characteristics. Boron foliar with 200mg.B-1 concentration gave highe rate for all characteristics such as number of tillers (466.80 ,477.40) tiller m-2 and dry weight (55, 95) days after sowing (323.30, 333.20) gm (933.80 ,970.40) gm, plant height (77.42 , 80.69) cm, and leaf avea for flag leaf, (42.39, 44.60) cm-2, dry weight for flag leaf (0.968 ,1,033) gm, spike length (10.38 , 10.62) cm, and high Crop growth rate for both periods. Days after sowing (5.87 ,6.05) and( 9.82 ,10.21)gm. m-2.day-1 and higher releative growth rate for both period (55 ,95) day after sowing (0.1047, 0.0719) (0.1053, 0.0723)gm.gm-1.day-1 for both season respectively. The interaction between both study factors was not significant for most growth characteristics for both season except dry weight for flag leaf for when K1B1 gave higher rate (1.277, 1.343) gm for both season.

There is a crucial need for a low cost, non-biohazard horizontal gene transfer method in avian to produce enhanced genetic traits. The delivery of recombinant DNA into hen's tissues has been confirmed for practical use to promote the desired productive features. But still has several limitations such as expense, and the requirement of specialized devices for manufacture. Therefore, a low cost and calcium phosphate tool was devised, and its efficiency was tested by its direct exposure to DNase. Thus, to investigate the stability of the injected DNA through this method, hens were used as biomarkers in this study. Twenty mature hens were randomly chosen. They were directly injected by calcium phosphate – DNA and naked DNA methods. Then, blood samples were withdrawn after one day, three days, and one week of injection. DNA samples were extracted from blood in each case. Afterwards, both methods of direct gene injection were compared using polymerase chain reaction to explore the persistability of injected DNA in both cases. Though the naked DNA has initially shown much more penetration compared with its calcium phosphate counterpart, the later method has shown more stability in vivo. Nevertheless, both in vivo injection methods aren’t practical enough for long term in vivo gene expression.

This experiment was conducted in plastic house at the College of Agriculture/ Al Qasim Green University in the agricultural season 2010- 2011 this experiment included studying the effect of two factors spraying extract licorice, garlic and the added levels of humic acid (0, 1, 2.3 ml / l). The experiment was used RCBD design within a split plot and three replications.
The results showed no significant differences between the extracts of licorice and garlic in the studied characters except leaf area, early yield, the productivity of the plastic house and vitamin C, which exceeds the licorice extract significantly on garlic extract. The results also showed that the addition of humic acid levels had significant effect on all characters except for the nitrates percentage which was not significant, The results of the interaction between the levels of humic acid and type of extract found significant differences in all the studied characters where excelled the treatment of 1 ml humic acid and licorice extract by giving higher rate of plant height 47 cm, weight of the fruit 67.5 g and the percentage of vitamin C, 75 mg / 100 g fresh weight, Also the treatment of 2 ml humic acid and licorice extract was excelled giving the highest ratio of chlorophyll and the number of fruits 65.7 Spade and 9.3 fruit / plant respectively, and the treatment of 3 ml humic acid and licorice extract was achieved highest rate of leaf area 67.7 cm2, early yield 66.9 kg, productivity of the plastic house 736 kg, and the lowest rate of nitrate 92.4 mg / kg fresh weight. The lowest rate of characters studied was in the treatment of comparison and the spraying of garlic extract.

A field experiment was carried out in a private field in Babylon governorate / Mashrooa-Al-Mussseib region during winter season of 2013-2014, in a sandy , loam soil to find out the effect of some plant growth regulators and phytoextracts on growth and yield on three cultivars of wheat bread. A factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was followed with three replicates, using plant growth regulators (Salicylic acid and Kinetin) with a concentration of 100 mg.L-1 , and two phytoextracts (Liquorices and Willow bark) with 100% concentration. Distilled water was used as a control in this study. Results showed that treatment with Kinetin (R4) resulted in significant difference in growth characters(number of tillers.m-2, flag leaf area) and yield characters(grains number.spike-1 and total grain yield) when compared with distilled water (R0). Spray stage at the start of tillering (S1) dominated significantly in many of studied characters while no difference was noted among cultivars.

A field experiment was conducted in the vegetable field of Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, to study the effect of irrigation levels and organic fertilizers on quality characteristics of Chilli (Hybrid Impala) for two successive seasons 2012 and 2013. Split plot experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates was adapted where irrigation levels , represented (main plots) include irrigation at 40 and 60% of available water for first season (W1 and W2) and at 40 , 60 and 80% of available water for second season with symbols (W1 , W2 and W3 respectively). Chemical fertilizer and levels of organic fertilizer represented (sub plots) which include ten treatments : control (T0) , recommended chemical fertilizer (T1), poultry manure at levels of 5% (T2) and 10% (T3), Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC) at levels of 7.5% (T4) and 15% (T5), cow manure at levels of 10% (T6) and 20% (T7), and sheep manure at levels of 10% (T8) and 20% (T9) of soil volume. Least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability was used to compare the means. Results could be summarized as follows: Irrigation levels W2 and W3 had highest capsaicin content 645.1 and 849.6 mg.kg-1 in the first and second seasons respectively. Moreover, W2 significantly increased TSS for both season 9.63 and 9.78% respectively , while W1 was showed highest content of Arginine 0.907 mg.100 g-1 , Glutamic acid 1.479 mg.100 g-1 in second season . Control treatment had highest Capsaicin content 601.7 and 716.1 mg.kg-1 while T7 had highest TSS 10.36 and 10.50% for both seasons respectively , T7 was superior content of Arginine 0.878 mg.100 g-1 , Glutamic acid 1.479 mg.100 g-1 in second season . Interaction between two factors significantly on the characteristics studies .

The study involved two experiments on common carp, which in each one divided into control and treatment groups. In first experiment, the fish of control group were injected pituitary gland while the females of treatment group injected with HCG 1000 I.U.+10 mg Domperidone, by two equal doses and the males of same group were injected with HCG 500 I.U. + 5mg Domperidone /kg at single dose synchronized with the second female dose. In second experiment , the females of control group were injected with pituitary gland while in treatment group the both males and females were injected in single dose of( 5μg Decapeptyl + 10mg Metoclopramide/kg and (10 μg Decapeptyl +20 mg Metoclopramide) for females and males respectively.
The results showed inefficiency of HCG in females of common carp. In the first experiment, there were significant different (P≤0.01) for the females of control group in the rate and period of response ,egg amount ,egg amount /kg fish and egg /body weight ratio with significant different (P≤0.05) in the cost of production of 1 kg egg with no significant different between 2 treated groups of females in cost of injection while the treated males have significant different (P≤0.01) with significant different between treated males in response rate ,response period (hour) ,volume of seminal fluid (ml3) / male and cost of production of 10ml3 of seminal fluid. In the second experiment ,there were no variation between females of 2 groups in all features except the cost of injection whereas higher in treated group (P≤0.01),also the males of treatment group have higher cost of injection and cost of production of 10 ml3 (P≤0.01) while no significant variation observed between same males in the rate of response ,period of response , volume of seminal fluid /male and volume of seminal fluid /kg.bw.

This study was conducted at the Poultry Farm belonging to the Department of Animal Resource, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during the period from 24th of September, 2013 to 11th of November, 2013 (42 days) to find out the best types of feed pellets (local or imported) and their influence on the productive performance of broiler. Two hundred and ten of one-day unsexed Ross-308 chicks with averaged initial body weight of 45.66 g / chick were used in this study. Chicks were randomly divided into seven equal treatments (30 chicks per treatment). Each treatment was sub-divided into two replicates (15 chicks per replicate). The treatment can be described as follows: (T1) pellets manufactured locally in Iraq, (T2) Iraqi pellets from "Barash Company", (T3) Iraqi pellets from "the International Company", (T4) Syrian pellets from "the Golden Bird Company", (T5) Syrian pellets from "Ajyad Company", (T6) Jordanian pellets from "Golden Company" and (T7) Turkish pellets from "Bichler Company". The results of this study showed that T2 and T6 were signify higher (P<0.01, P<0.05) body weight, average weight gain, as well as weekly and total feed consumption rate. No significant differences were found among treatments in total feed conversion ratio. Total mortality rate was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in T1 and T2 as compared with the other groups.

This Research was carried out in rice research station in Mishkhab / Najav province in seasons 2010 – 2011 to study yield characters and its component for five rice genotypes which entered from International Rice Research Institute in Philippine IRRI which produced from comparison, selection and screening processing of 20 rice genotypes during 2007 – 2009 cultivate season and compared with national variety Anbar 33. The results showed that genotype IR 10198 superior in number of panicle/m2, 1000 grain weight and grain yield Ton/ha for both season and there was no significant different from IR 51500 genotype for season 2011and genotype IR 51500 was superior in number of grain per panicle for both seasons.

A several field experiments were condncted in a privat field in AL- Musaib project, 30 km north Babylon Govcrnarat , during spring and fall seasons of 2012 and 2013,two inbreds (OH40 , Sy7)were planted in spring of 2012, then they were crossed to obtain F1 plants .F1 and the two inbreds seeds were sawn in fall of 2012. F1 plants were back crossed with their parents (OH40 , Sy7) to obtain BC1 of crossing them. F1 plants were self pollinated for F2 . A spring experiment was conducted in the spring of 2013 by RCBD with 3 replications to compare between the 6 genotypes with to estimate gen action to yield and its components as grain well as yield .Results show a significant differences in all traits studied .The Sy7 was superior on OH40 ,and F1 hybrid gave the highest means of row number/ear , grain number/row , 1000 grain weight and total grain yield .while ,back cross plants (F1 × Sy7) means higher than (F1 × OH40( .This confirm the importance of Sy7 parent in increasing inheritance to of traits .Gene action non additive was controlls the yield and its components.

A field experiment was conducted in Agronomy Research Station \ Abu-Ghuraib in three seasons ( fall of 2012 and 2013) to assess the performance of six pure lines of maize (Dr-c-87 , AST-217, Dr-B-32, Zm-189, Pio-24 and MGW-12 ) and to obtain individual hybrids under 2 irrigation system ( irrigation at 5 days interval and irrigation at 13 days
interval ) , as well as the estimation of hybrid vigor and its GCA and SCA with some genetic features . The pure lines mentioned above were crossed at fall of 2012 and cross hybridization processes were done in one direction . Comparisons of hybrids and their parents were conducted in fall season of 2013, following RCBD with 3 replicates . Results show the followings :
Statistical genetic analysis showed that, significant differences were found among the different genotypes ( lines and their cross hybrids ) in all qualities studied . The hybrid (Pio-24×AST-217) gave in the 2nd interval treatment raw number /ear (17.40) , grain weight (252.67 gm) and plant yield (176.80 gm) . The hybrid (MGW-12×Dr-C-87) gave in the first interval highest means of grain weight (289.67 gm) and yield (246.13 gm) . Results also indicated that hybrid vigor was significant for most of the traits studied in both the seasons . This indicated the complete dominance and over dominance of genes controlling these traits . The above results indicate that the hybridization protocol is the most suitable in improving the traits . The hybrid (Pio-24×AST-217) is considered a promising hybrid for the two intervals , therefor we suggest to conduct more investigations on this hybrid in order to obtain a draught stress tolerant hybrid in many regions of the country to spread this important hybrid .

A field two trial was carried out at College of agriculture Baghdad University, Abu- Ghraib during the winter season of 2012-2013 to investigate herbicides uses at last growth stage in decrase number and dray weight of weeds.Two experiment each one included five treatmeant (Pallas و Granstar, Harmony, Lancelot and weedy). The characterstics Studied of narrow - leaved weeds number, broad- leaved weeds number, total dray weight of weeds and grain yield for wheat of IBA-99 cultiver. The design used was RCBD three replicates. The results indicated that the herbicide Pallas was superior in the first experiment (ZGS 13-14) compared with other treatment in giving the highest reduced of narrow - leaved weeds number, broad- leaved weeds number, total dray weight of weeds values 20.33 plant.m-2, 3.32 plant.m-2 and 33.00 gm.m-2 ,respectively. The herbicide Pallas giving the highest of grain yield values 3847 kg.h-1. In the second experiment(ZGS 22), there were no significant differences between the treatments of all herbicides compared with weedy. We conclude from the study that weed control process in the second experiment came at the wrong time (late), Here we must point out that weed control processes must be carried out in accordance with the timings recommended and considered this a critical timings, The addition of any herbicides used in the experiments must be performed at the 3-4 leaf stage. Spraying herbicides processes late will leads to the lack of herbicides effect in weeds growth, number and dray weight of weeds, which is reflected later in reducing grain yield.
Keywords: Wheat weed,Herbicides, Broad-leaved weeds and narrow-leaved weeds.

Experiment was carried out at Farm belong to farmer in Arab Gbour - Baghdad during 2011 - 2012 season . to study the ability of producing green forage from barley and oat green and also to know the best period of light exposed to it barley and oat at hydroponic system . The light periods used were 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 h. d -1 on plant height , green forage and dry matter of barley and oat. CRD design with six replications was used .
The result showed that : 18 h.day-1 gave the highest plant height , green forage and dry weight for barley 21.80cm 21.28Kg.m 4.67K g.m respectively, and oat 22.43cm,21.91Kg.m and 5.25 Kg .m. respectively.

A Study was conducted in laboratory of biological techniques / College of Al- Musayib, on October 2013. The results showed the effect of extracts vegetarian Castor and eucalyptus in life insect of beetle flour red Tribolium castaneum percentage loss amounted to 80% when the concentration of 2% for the extract of eucalyptus while the percentage of loss larvae 73.33% at the same concentration to extract castor There are no significant differences among the concentrations of both extracts. The results of the study showed the effect of castor plant extracts and eucalyptus insect life in the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae 43.00% at the same concentration. And with estaimation to the percentage of the loss of the larvae of the beetle flour red after 8 days of hatching may outweigh of 2% of the extract alcohol leaves eucalyptus at all concentrations with an average loss 76.66%. The alcoholic extract of the leaves of castor ratio 70, 00% and thus outweigh the alcoholic extract of eucalyptus leaves up on the alcoholic extract of the leaves of castor at all concentrations. The results showed that the percentage of loss of rice weevil adults have 20% of the eucalyptus extract and 16.66% for the extract of castor focus at 2%. The proportion of adults loss 30.00% of the alcoholic extract of eucalyptus leaves at the same concentration either Castor, the percentage of loss at the same concentration 13.33%. It showed that alcoholic extract of eucalyptus leaves The alcoholic extract of castor leaves in effect the extruder where was 44.00%. The rice weevil insect was43.00%.

This study was conducted in to isolate Saccharomyces boulardii from Mangostin fruits and diagnosed molecularly by using specific primers targeting sequence for the region (ITS) of the 5.8S rRNA gene. As well as studied growth at different temperatures, resist to low pH and high concentrations of bile salts. The results shown that colonies were with a round shape and colored white to creamy pale when grown at the solid SD medium. They were convex smooth edges, sticky and averaged size of 1-2 mm when grown at 37 °C for 24 hours. Microscopic examine revealed that their cells an oval, or semi-spherical buds sometimes, single or close in clusters, and the optimum temperature for growth was 37 oC. The isolate shown resistance to low pH (1.0) up to 3 hrs, tolerance to high concentrations of bile salts (3%) even after 3 hrs. Genomic DNA was isolated from SbR7 Isolate and ITS region of the 5.8S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR.PCR products was sequenced and compared with the sequence of this region in the DNA of S. boulardii available in GenBank (NCBI) using the program BLASTn. Results revealed, this isolate was almost genetically identical (99%) with S. boulardii standard strains.

Kinetics of ammonium and potassium release were studied in silty clay loam soil in order to describe ammonium and potassium releases from soil and how they are effected by addition of nitrogenous and potash fertilizers during the flowering and maturity stages of Wheat growth. Field experiment was carried out at a field belongs to crop science department , College of Agriculture ,University of Baghdad, by using three levels of nitrogen as urea (46%N) that were 0, 100 and 200 KgN.ha-1 , and three levels of potassium were added as K2SO4 (42% K) that were 0, 80 and 160 Kg K.ha-1 , their addition were at two doses (half before planting and half at flowering) and three doses (third amount before planting , third at tillering and the last third at flowering ).Wheat seeds of class( IPA99 ) were planted during the winter season of 2010, using 140 Kg grains.ha-1.
The result showed that kinetics of ammonium and potassium release from the soil were best described by diffusion equation and it explained presence of two stages of their releases, the first one described the release of the easily available forms and the second one described the release of the unavailable forms of ammonium and potassium at the flowering and maturity stages of Wheat. The values of the accumulated amounts of the released ammonium and potassium increased in all the nitrogenous and potash fertilizers treatments with time either added alone or together as three doses at flowering and maturity stages of Wheat. There were increases of potassium release constant values and decreases in ammonium release constants values in most of the nitrogenous and potash fertilizers treatments at flowering and maturity stages of wheat compared with their values in control treatments (N0K0) at the same last stages. The values of ammonium and potassium release constant (Kd) were lower in the maturity stages than the flowering stages in most treatments.

The present study was carried out during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons to evaluate the effect of different levels of potassium in growth and yield characteristic of Kadrawi Basrah date palms. Potassium fertilization added in 5 rates namely; 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 gm K2O palm-1 as K2SO4 (50% K2O) at three application. Randomized complete block design with three replicates was used in this study.
The results showed that increasing the levels of K from 0 to 600 gm K2O.palm-1 significantly increasing all studied characteristic of date palm for two seasons. The level 600 gm K2O.palm-1 gave highest values for those properties. The increased percentage of those properties for season /2013 were 9.5,15.7,100,100, 38.8 , 30.2, 35.3, 36.0, 26.0 ,24.9, 25.8% for old and modern leaves length, bunch and offshoots number, fruit weight , fruit volume, dry weight, total soluble solids( TSS), reducing sugars , non reducing sugars and total sugars respectively, while the increased percentage for season / 2014 were 8.1,15.3,100,125 39.2, 33.5, 35.3, 30.8, 20.8, 26.3 and 21.9% respectively as compared with control.

Used 180 of chicks meat strain Ross 308 , Belgian origin , unsexual were selected randomly and fed free on one diet for the duration of the experiment of 35 days , and after recording the weights of chicks and weight of the feed intake for the one chick at the age of 7 days, chicks were divided according to the weights into three groups : the first group T1 ( less than 180 g ), the second group T2 (180 - 200 g ) Group, third group T3 ( higher than 200 g ) . Each group contained two replicates , using 30 birds / replicate .. for the purpose of studying the effect of chicks weight at the age of 7 days at rates of body weight , increase the weight , feed intake , feed conversion ratio , mortality percentage , dressing percentage . At the end of the experiment 6 birds were slaughtered from each group, it was a study carcass weight , the weight of major and minor cuts (breast , back, thighs , wings and neck ) , the weight of some internal organs (heart , liver and gizzard ) and weight of abdominal fat . Results showed Significant differences (p <0.05) in the rate of body weight, increase the weight between bird groups T1, T2, T3, birds in group T3 has shown significant superiority( p <0.05) in these two qualities compared with group T1 at the age of 3 weeks. Significant differences (p <0.05) in body weight, increase the weight between birds groups, T1, T2, T3 at the age of 5 weeks. Significant Superiority ( p <0.05 ) in feed consumption rate for birds in group T2, T3, compared with the group T1 at the age of 3 weeks, and despite the increase in the rate of feed intake in birds in groups T1, T2, T3 at the age of 5 weeks by the increase weight of the chicks at the age of 7 days, but the results of statistical analysis showed a non-significant differences in these characteristics between the three groups at the end of the experimental period of 35 days . Despite the improvement in feed conversion ratio at the age of 3 weeks by increase of chicks weight at the age of 7 days, but the differences were not significant between the three groups of birds, while the results showed significant differences (p <0.05) in feed conversion ratio in birds age of 5 weeks whenever chicks highest weight at the age of 7 days between the three groups T1, T2 , T3 . Mortality did not show significant differences at the age of 3 and 5 weeks of birds among the three groups .Significant differences (p <0.05) in the rate of carcass weight free of viscera, chest piece, piece of the back and neck weight with the weight of the birds by the increase weight of chicks at the age of 7 days. In spite of the improved dressing percentage, average thighs weight, the weight of the wings, the weight of the heart, gizzard, liver and abdominal fat weight, but the differences were not significant in these traits among bird groups in this study .