Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

This experiment was conducted during the spring growing season 2015 in private farm of Saddat AL-Hindia / Babylon province to study the impact of spraying with salicylic acid(SA)(0, 50 and100 mg.l-1) , ascorbic acid (0, 50,100 and 150 mg.l-1) and its interaction on tomatoes growth and yield (cultivar supermarmond).Randomized complete block design with three replicate,means compared with L.S.D. under 0.05 probability. Total yield significantly increased with the SA50 mg.L-1,Ascorbic acid 150 mg.L-1and (SA50+Ascorbic acid 150) ) treatments to ( 2.27 , 2.15 , 2.56 kg.plant-1) respectively with as compared with control treatment.

Established that the seminiferous tubule is the site where the event cycle of its epithelium which form, the spermatozoa. The knowledge of this event is variable in different species of animals. However, a more detailed study had been made of in this research in order to identify this event cycle of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in creeper. The histological result of the creeper testes of creeper revealed the presence of a thin capsule which does not give off septa to divide the testes into lobules. The seminiferous epithelium in the seminiferous tubule had spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells and the whole was circumscribed by interstitial connective tissue contained leydig cells. The stages in sertoli cells structure were difficult to identify. The event cycle of seminiferous epithelium start with the presence of three type of spermatogonia(A,B,I-spermatogonia) The B_spermatogonia produce primary spermatocyte which showed distinguished phases included ,preleptoten, zygotene, diplotene, leptotene, pachytene and diakinesis phases. The secondary spermatocytes were derived from the primary spermatocytes. and end With the appearance of spermatids spermatogenesis which goes through Complex processes of differentiation include eighteenth stages lead to form the sperms inside the seminiferous tubule.

The aim of this study was to detect the treatment effect of Quercetin in emulation the toxic effect of Doxorubicin drug in heart function in 32 locale male rabbits divided randomly into four groups treated for 28 days as follow: control group orally given distal water daily and injected with 4ml normal saline weekly, first treatment group given orally 10mg/kg Quercetin daily and injected with 4ml normal saline weekly, Second treatment group injected with 4mg/kg doxorubicin weekly and given orally distal water daily, while third treatment group given 10mg/kg Quercetin daily and injected with 4mg/kg doxorubicin weekly. The results showed there is significant decrease (P<0.05) in sodium level in the second group treated with doxorubicin in compared with control, first and third groups,

This research was conducted the lath house of Horticulture Department and landscape design - collage of Agriculture - University of Baghdad, Abu Ghraib for 2013-2014 seasons , Two citrus rootstock’s (Swingle citrumelo and Troyer citrange ) was treated with three concentrations of Benzyl Adenine (0 ,100 , 200)mg. L-1 ,and three concentrations of Gibberllic acid (0 ,150 ,300) mg. L-1 ,The factorial experiment was tested in RCBD design with three replicates ,two plants for each replicate .the results showed superiority of Swingle citrumelo root stocks in C/N ratio ,phosphorus and potassium leaves content for two seasons and The measurements respectively was (9.74 , 0.197% and % 0.511) for season 2013 (10.79 ,0.218% and 0.568% ) for season 2014.while Troyer citrange root stock showed superiority in leaves content of (Nitrogen and Protein )which was for two seasons (1.532% and 9.57%) and (1.703 %and 10.63%) respectively . treatment of Benzyl Adenine 200 ml. L-1 had significant increase in all studied characteristics C/N ratio , Nitrogen , Protein , phosphorus and potassium for two seasons ( 10.01, 1.533%, 9.57% ,0.247% and 0.602%) for season 2013(11.22, 1.703%, 10.64%, 0.275% and 0.669%) for season 2014 respectively. While the treatment with Gibberllic acid in 300 ml. L-1 was superiority on all studied characteristics (C/N ratio , Nitrogen , Protein , phosphorus and potassium) and measurements was (10.01, 1.563%, 9.76%, 0.254% and 0.583%) for first season and (11.37, 1.720%, 10.85%, 0.282% and 0.647%) for second season respectively.

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2014 – 2015 at the plant production farm of Alfayha company which located at singar district (8 Km nrthern of Babylon governorate center) in silty clay loam soil to determine the seeding quantity of bread wheat (CV. IBA 99) under watern stress at different development stager of plant life cycle .The experiment was arranged as a split – plot in Radomized Complete Block Design with three replicates .The experiment consisted three seeding guantity (120,200 and 280kg/ha) represeuted the main plots , while treatment of water stress (Irrigation after depletion 50% of waliable water as (control), water stress in each tillering ,elongation, earing or grain filling stages) represented the subplots one irrigation was skipped on this stages .
Bread wheat seeds (CV.Ib-99) was sown in November 29th ,2014 and harvested on May 10th , 2015 . Results of this experiment were revealed :
Cgrain yield did not effected by the increase of quantity which seeding gave grain yield reached 4.46 , 4.72 and 4.59 ton/ha for 120 , 200 and 280 Kg/ha respectively.Water stress at the growth stages caused reduction in grain yield compared with control treatment by 7% (tillering) , 23% (elongation) , 17% (earing) and 20% (grain filling). Water stress at tillering stage caused reduction in grain yield reached 20% by using 120kg/ha (seeding rate) while the grain yield was not affect in this stage when the seeding rate increased to 200 kg/ha. The results show that increasing seeding rate from 120 to 280 kg/ha limited the reduction in tillering stage under water stress due to the compensation in number of spikes due to the increase of plant number per unit area as the seeding rate (280kg/ha) gave a higher mean of number of spike reached (330.7 spike/m2) compared with 120 and 200kg/ha which gave (263.7 and 281.0 spike/m2) respectivelg . Although, the grain yield was determined by number of grain per spike and grain weight in addition to number of spike.The increasing of seeding rate was not affected on the grain yield when the plant exposure to water stress at elongation stage which gave 4.10 ton/ha with 120 kg/ha while gave 4.38 and 4.17 ton/ha with 200 and 280 kg/ha respectively. Increasing the seeding rate from 120 to 200 or 280 kg/ha increased the number of spike per m2 while the number of grain per spike was decreased which gave was 48.54, 43.64 and 35.30 grain/spike for seeding rate 120, 200 and 280 kg/ha respectively while the grain weight which was not affected the 1000 grain weight was 28.77 , 29.82 and 29.33gm for the seeding rat respectively.Water stress at tillering elongation and earing caused reduction in number of grain per spike when gave 39.98, 39.21and 34.72 grain / spike respectively while the control treatment gave 49.73 grain /spike . The water stress at grain filling was not affected the number of grain but it decreased grain weight by 34% of control .The reduction in grain yield caused by water stress was caused by significant reduction in plat hight , flag leaf area , and its dry weight.
Keywords: Whaet , seeds quantities, water stress

This experiment was conducted at a Al-Mussaib technical institute poultry farm from 25/3/2014 to 5/5/2014 to evaluate the effect of using loperamide hydrochloride on body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed intake on Ross 308 broiler chickens. Fifty four chicks at age 14 days were divided into two equal (control and treatment) groups with three replicates for each group. Feed and water were ad libitum. At 14 days of age the control group treated with water without any addition while 1mg loperamide hydrochloride was added to drinking water of the treatment group. Primary chicks body weight, weekly and final; body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio were estimated, as well as final blood glucose and packed cell volume were estimated at the end of experiment. The results indicated that no significant differences were found in weekly and final body weights, packed cell volume and blood glucose, but there were significant (P≤0.01) differences in weekly and final feed intake and feed conversion ratio between control and treatment group. That’s might be due to loperamide hydrochloride for reducing intestinal motility and increase digestion and absorption time of nutrients in the feed. This experiment was indicated that loperamide hydrochloride can be used in poultry production to increase nutrients absorption efficiency in the feed and decrease wastes in ration.
Key word: broiler, chicken, loperamide, hydrochloride, production.

Eighty samples of local soft cheese common in the markets of Baghdad city and its suburbs (Arab cheese) were collected. Several tests were carried out which included ; assessment of pH , percent of moisture ,salt , total Nitrogen and soluble Nitrogen .The results Showed that the percent were 6.4-4.2،34.5-69%, 0.71- 6.8%, 4.03-2.62 and 0.139-0.22% respectively. Also bacterial viable count were carried out included quantity determination of microbial growth at 37°C . and quantity determination of psychotropic and Staphylococci bacteria .The results showed that all samples have largely contaminated .this study refer to The absence of health awareness at production , distribution and marketing.

Key word: local cheese, Baghdad, Arab cheese

. This experiment was conducted at Animal Resources Dept. College of Agriculture, from 8-3-2014 to 19-4-2014 to study the effect of supplementing ginger (zingnber officinale ) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris ) powder and their mixture to broiler diet ( Ross 308) on performance , carcass quality and bacterial count( jejunum E.coli and Lactobacillus ) . A total of 168 day old unsexed broiler chicks were randomly allocated to seven dietary treatments ( T1:control )(T2: 0.25% , T3: 0.50 %) ginger powder ( T4: 0.25% , T5: 0.50%) thyme powder and ( T6: 0.25% +0.25% mixture ( T7:0.50% + 0.50 %)mixture ( 2 replicate / treatment) each include( 12 birds / replicate pen ). Feed was available ad libitum by using starter diet from 1- 28 daysWith crude protein level 21.94 % and 2921.9 Kcal ME/ Kg diet and finisher diet contain 20.07 % crude protein and 3038.2 Kcal.ME/ Kg diet was fed from 29 – 42 days of age . Results reveled that final live weight was significantly ( p<0.05) highte in supplemented groups as compared to the control . While feeding 0.25% level of both powder resulted in significantly ( p<0.05) better weight gain .birds fed diet T6 and T7 consumed significantly (p<0.05) less feed as compared with other groups . Carcass quality , internal organ % and E.coli count were not affected by treatments .T2 ,T4 and T7 had significantly higher lactobacillus count compared to other treatments. Bursa of fabricia relative weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher for the supplemented groups and for spleen in T2 and T4 .i t can be concluded from this study that supplemented broiler diet with ginger or thyme powder have a positive effect on broiler productive performance and microbial count .
Key Word : ginger , thyme , broiler productive performance ,carcass quality , microbial count

A field experiment was carried out at a private field in Babylon province/ Mashrooa-Al-Mussseib town during autumn season of 2015. The aim was to study the effect of sulfur and vitamin C on some yield characters of corn crop. Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used by arrangement of factorial experiments using three replications. The study included two factors, the first factor was the addition of sulfur in 4 levels (0,2,4,6) Mega gram.ha-1 as a single dose a month prior to planting, and the symbols used were (S,S2,S4,S6) respectively. The second factor was spraying 4 concentrations of vitamin C (0,1,2,3) gram.L-1 after month of planting and the symbols used were (V0,V1,V2,V3). Results showed significant superiority in corn cob, weight of 300 grain and plant yield when sulfur used at level 4 Mega gram.h-1 , while addition of vitamin C showed that spraying at the concentration of 2gm.L-1 caused in superiority difference in all studied characters.
Key words : corn cop length , grains weight , plant yield , concentration

The experiment was conducted in the plastic house of Horticulture and landscaping Department / College of Agriculture / University of Diyala, winter agriculture season from 23/11/2014 to 2/5/2015 to study the effect of spraying nutrient solution (Tecamin Flower) at (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 mg.l-1) and growth stimulant (Hyperatonic) at (0, 500, 1000, 1500 mg.l-1) on growth, yield and the quality strawberry (festival cultivar). The experiment was designed according to the Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replication. Results showed significant differences among treatments. Treatments of spraying Nutritional Tecamin Flower at 3000 mg.l-1 was superior in leaf area, total soluble solids, fruit’s number, fruit’s size, fruit’s weight, fruit’s diameter, yield per plant and yield per unit area (178.90 cm2, 10.63%, 13.67 fruit.Plant-1, 14.63 cm3, 12.74 g, 3.62 cm, 174.10 g and 5.80 T.ha-1) Respectively. Treatments of spraying Nutritional Tecamin Flower at 2000 mg.l-1 had significant differences vitamin C (69.22 mg.100g wet weight-1) and leaf’s Chlorophyll content (49.63 spad), Treatment of spraying Hyperatonic growth regulator at 1500 mg.l-1 was superior in fruit length average (4.82 cm) in compared to with control treatment which gave minimum average of total traits studied .

This study was aimed to Know the effect of location, season and display time in accumulation of some heavy metals in the meat of different animals . The study included three types of males meat beef, sheep, goats and their livers. The age ranged from 1-2 years obtained from two areas in Baghdad province, Dora district in the Karkh side and Sadr City district in the Rusafa side, for the period from March 2012 to February 2013 and for all seasons of the year. Meat samples has been taken after animal slaughter from the haunch and liver of studied animals (beef , sheep and goats) at eight o'clock in the morning and four o'clock in the night , for both regions of the study.As well as liver samples were taken from the same animals slaughtered . After that several measurements were taken to detect the residues of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper and zinc) in haunch meat and livers of animals studied . The results of the study for the four interaction among the type of animal and season and the location and time could be summarized as follows:
The higher concentration of lead metal was (34.77 mg \ g meat) which effected significantly (P<0.05) and appeared in sheep meat in the Spring season evening in Dora city, and the lower concentration of lead was (6.68 mg \ g meat) in beef meat in Summer season morning in Sadr City. While the higher concentration of cadmium metal was (19.11 mg \ g meat), which effected significantly (P<0.05) and appeared in sheep meat in the Spring season evening in Sadr City, lower concentration of cadmium metal in meat goats was (2.22 mg / g meat) in the autumn season morning in Sadr City.The highest concentration of copper was (22.01 mg / g meat) which effected significantly (P<0.05) and recorded in sheep meat in the Winter season evening in the Dora city, and lowest concentration of copper was (2.48 mg / g meat)which recorded in goat meat in Autumn season morning in the Dora city. Also, highest concentration of zinc was (199.55 mg /g meat)which effected significantly (P<0.05) and recorded in sheep meat for Spring season evening in the Dora city, and lower concentration of zinc in goat meat was (77.36 mg / g meat) in Winter season morning in Sadr City.The highest concentration of lead was (59.95 mg / g liver) in cow liver which effected significantly (P<0.05) in Spring season in Dora city, and lowest concentration (20.35 mg / g liver) in cow liver for the spring season in the Sadr City. While, the highest concentration of the cadmium was (47.69 mg /g liver)which effected significantly(P<0.05) and found in sheep liver in Summer season in Dora city, and lowest concentration of the cadmium was (7.28 mg / g liver) in cow liver in spring season at Dora city.It was observed that higher concentration of copper was (55.84 mg / g liver) which effected significantly (P<0.05) in sheep liver in Winter season in Dora city, and lower concentration of copper was (7.20 mg / g liver) in goat liver in Winter season in Sadr City. From the other hand, it was notesed that higher concentration of zinc was (583.08 mg / g liver) which effected significantly (P<0.05) in the liver of sheep in Summer season in Dora city, and lowest concentration of zinc was (252.04 mg / g liver) in goat liver in Spring season in Dora city.

This experiment was conducted in the one of Technical Institute / Musayab farms during the season of 2012 to study the effect of agricultural sulfur addition and foliar spray of seaweed extract (anfazyme) on growth and yield of Okra var. Hissainawya.The agricultural sulfur was added three weeks befor plantation with 4 leveles (0, 500, 1000, 2000) kg.hectare-1.The plants were sprayed with Anfazyme at concentrations of 0, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 ml/l twice , the first at the beginning of flowering, the second 20 days after the first spray, by using R.C.B.D design with three replicates. Results showed that the addition of agricultural sulfur at levele of 2000 kg.hectare-1 with 0.75 ml.l-1 of Anfazyme realized the highest average of plant height (187.43cm), branches number (8.06 branch.plant-1) and leaves number (74.36 leaf.plant-1), leaf area (135.22dec2.plant-1), fruit number (134.11fruit .plant-1), fruit weight (3.34 gm), total yield (447.91gm.plant-1), early yield (1201.84 kg.hectare-1) and total yield (14.928 ton.hectare-1), While the control treatment gave the lowest average of these properties.

This study was conducted at the Animal Farm pertaining to the college of Agriculture, Qadisiyah University during the period from 18/11/2014 to 18/5/2015, The study included 30 goat does (10 Local ,10 Cyprian, 10 Afghan) with different ages and weights in order to investigate the effect of breed and non-genetic factors such as type of birth and sex of the kid in some productire characteristics (weekly , monthly and total milk production) and the chemical composition of milk (fat and protein) and results were as follows: -
The genetic group had effect high significant( P<0.01) in characters of (weekly , monthly and total milk production , outperforming the local group which average ( gram 978.90 , Kg 27.42 , Kg 137.35 ) on cypriot group whose average ( gram 660.29 , Kg 19.90 , Kg 90.18 ) and Afghan group which average ( gram 834.04 , Kg 23.50 , Kg 116.58 ). The type of birth had effect high significantl ( P<0.01) in two characters of weekly , monthly and total milk production and singnificantly higher ( P < 0.05) in characters of monthly milk production, Outperforming mothers of twin births with out performed to mothers with individual births in all the studied traits ((weekly , monthly and total milk production )and their amounted averages were respectively ( gram 849.48 , Kg 240.77 , Kg 117.82 , gram 795.75 , Kg22.33 , Kg 111.14 ). The sex kid had a significant effect ( P < 0.05) in trait of weekly milk production, and there was no significant effect of the baby sex in two qualities the monthly and the totally of milk production by average of (Kg 23.70 , Kg 112.80 ) Respectively, Mothers of female births to mothers male births in trait of weekly milk production. The strain of the highly significant impacted ( P<0.01)on the proportion of fat in the milk , and there was no significant effect of strain on protein. There was highly significant effect ( P<0.01) on the proportion of fat in the milk, there was no significant effect on the type of birth on in the trait of Protein. Kid sex was highiy significant effect ( P<0.01) on the proportion of fat and Protein in the milk.

This study was conducted to isolate and diagnose the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus Combined local and imported apple fruits using traditional methods have confirmatory diagnosis of this fungus was conducted using the Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (PCR) and test the effectiveness of a number of integrated pest management programs to control it. chemical detection using thin layer chromatography plates Technology (TLC) showed that seven isolates of the fungus A.parasiticus from 12 isolation (58%) Would producing poison aflatoxin B1. Insulation results also showed the presence of two isolate of bacteria ,have the ability to contrast with fungus A.parasiticus and gave the isolation of bacteria Bp4Bacillus polymyxa isolated from apple fruits inhibition highest percentage inhibition of the fungus as reached at 80%, and the results also showed that the integrated pest management program, consisting of isolation Bp4 with substance sodium bicarbonate is the best in terms of the ability to fight against rot caused by the fungus A.parasiticus, as the percentage of infected fungus A.parasiticus of 8.53% which was significantly differente from the increase in the control treatment (fruits treatment vaccine A.parasiticus only), which was to 58.33%, while the infection rate of the injured fruits that applied on it the same program 75% at the time that infection rate in the treatment of comparison reaghed 91.66.

The present study was Carried out in Department of Animal production at AL- Musaib Technical College maintained during the period from 9th May until 9th jully 2014. by used Six goat Kids local, the age of these animals were 6-7 Months and the weight for these animals were 19 Kg. approximately. These animals were devided into tow groups. Each group contain three goat kids. Goat kids feed on diet containing 18-95 % crude protein and 13.44 mega jol kg. feed of ionized energy on the dry matter by using individual feeding method. The food submitted about 4% from animals continue provide water clean. One of these group ration was treated by adding (8 kg- ton feed) from the biochemical probiotic (IP), in order to study its effects on some of the qualities of the blood cellular like (WBCs and RBCs) and plasma biochemical traits such us (Cholesterol concentration, urea, total protein, Globulin and Albumin), experimental results show : high level of significant (p<0.01). into RBCs count in the group treat with IP at the 2nd and 3 biochemical 3nd period, at WBCs , significant appeared variation in urea and globulin level, while, there are high significance appeared at cholesterol non treated animal, and high significance variation (p<0.01) in level of total protein and albumin in the plasma that group treated in the 2nd and 3nd period.

Recently the attention of urban planners and landscape designers Oriented towards the Importance of parks that combine the natural landscape and urban heritage to develop and raise the level of performance to meet with human needs, as reflected through the characteristics of design and features of human interaction with nature, The evaluation of design characteristics of the historical landscape parks from different aspects is one of the most important goals that aspires landscape designer to study it within the master plan of the city, due the importance of that point the necessary to study and assess the Babylon tourism park has come, where it was chosen to be a model for the development of parks in the city of Hilla, as well as the exploitation of the natural landscape of the land and the existing cultural the research relieda field study methodology included if the study was to evaluate the importance of the historical landscape of the park, as well as evaluating the characteristics and features of the landscape of the city of Hilla , in addition to the evaluation of vegetation at the site. Forms were calculated distributed to several reviewers of experienced and competent for the purpose of evaluation, After collecting information from evaluators, data have been order using" Microsoft Office Excel 2010" percentages for evaluators answers activity, The nature monitoring activity has obtained the highest evaluation, followed by the recreational trips the parks activity, roaming and finally the events, and that was confirmed by the results for the parks evaluation of importance the results for all of the aspects, where it gained a maximum Scenes, as for the vegetation ,the trees has a high Variability in terms of type and density, while the bushes variation was high to medium in trems of shape and density it shows that Babylon park is one of the most important natural historical parks, which is located in the Hilla city, and its importance increases in comparison with the other parks of the city because it is considered to be a strong attraction elements for the city culturally and historically because of its relevance to an important historical events as well as its natural and environmental importance.
Keyword: evaluation – design characters - Landscape - Historical -natural parks.
*Part of M.Sc.thesis for the first author.

The current study was conducted to determine the effect of water treated magnetically on fingerlings common carp fish. The study included four different treatments: first treatment (control treatment) contained a normal water which non-treated magnetically, while the other three treatments have been magneted by three different intensities with (500, 1500, and 2500) Gausses (G) respectively.During this experiment, all of the growth effects (such as the increase in the average weight and the relative growth rate) as well as the phenotypic characters (such as the total length and body depth) in addition to the physical characters (average of the dissolved oxygen, PH and EC water) were measured and calculated in order to determine which treatment is the best in terms of increasing the physiologic dynamic growth of carp fingerlings.The study concluded that, treated water magnetically by 2500 G was provided a better environment for the fish growth by improving the physical characters (higher dissolved oxygen rate, best PH and less EC), which reflected positively on all the growth indicators (average weight gain and the relative growth rate) as well as to improve the phenotypic characters (such as total length and body depth).

This experiment was conducted in the experimental field of hort. & forestry station-Mahaweel / Babylon . to find out the effect of two cultivars of pear scions (Muntakhab al-zaufrania and Lecount) and treatment of the seedlings with GA3 (0,150,300) mg/L and foliar nutrition with Premium (0, 0.5 , 1) gm/L in the vegetative growth parameters of pear seedlings transplanted on Pyrus calleryana pears using factorial experiment in R.C.B.D with 3 Replicates . Means were compared using L.S.D at 0.05 , The Results shows that Muntakhab al-zaufrania cultivar gave higher percentage of budding success and shoot length compared with lecount cultivar . Treatment pear seedlings with concentration of GA3 (150 mg/L) gave highest values of shoot length , leaf area , dry weight percentage of leaves and leaves mineral content of (N,P,K) compared with the control treatment . Treatment pear seedling with concentration of nutrient solution (Premium at gm/L) gave significant increase in all vegetative growth characteristics and nutrient element in leaves (N,P,K). The interaction between GA3 treatment at 150 mg/L and foliar nutrition with Premium at 1 gm/L gave a signification effect in all vegetative growth characteristics and nutrient element in leaves (N,P,K) .The interaction between cultivar of muntakhab Al-zaufrania and foliar nutrition with Premium at 1 gm/L gave a significant increase in shoot length , leaves area , chlorophyll content and dry weight percentage in green part and the nutrient elements percentage in leaves and (P) compared with the other treatment .The interaction between lecount cultivar and foliar nutrition with premium at 1 gm/L gave highest percentage of K. The interaction between cultivar of muntakhab Al-zaufrania and GA3 treatment at 150 mg/L gave a highest rate in the vegetative shoot length (158.844 cm). The interaction between muntakhab Al-zaufrania cultivar and GA3 treatment at 150 mg/L and foliar nutrition with Premium at 1 gm/L gave a significant increase in the vegetative shoot length rate .
Keywords : Pear , Gibberellic Acid , Foliar Nutrition (Premium) , Scion .

The research was carried out at Al-Zawraa park/ Mayoralty of Baghdad on Fall season 2014/2015. Corms of Freesia Golden Melody cv. were sprayed with Gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0,50 and 100 mg l-1 or N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea)(CPPU) at 0, 10 and 20 mg l-1 . The results could be summarized as follow : Foliar spray of Freesia plants by GA3 at 100 mg l-1(G100(significantly increased vegetative growt parameters: plant height (42.21cm),number of leaves plant-1 (6.53) , leaf area (475.96 cm2),leaf content of chlorophyll (33.79 mg 100 gm-1 fresh weight), percentages of dry matter , proteins and total carbohydrates (10.46, 16.22,and 10.86( respectively. In addition , 100 mg l-1 of GA3 enhanced the flowering characters tasted : number of inflorescences plant-1 (3.95),number of florets inflorescence-1 (10.79), length of peduncle (15.49cm), diameter of basal floret (5.29cm),flowering period (17.71days),vase life (11.80 days), treated plants took (97.09 days) to bloom , while 50 mg l-1 of GA3 was superior on increasing diameter of peduncle (3.317 mm) . The plant growth regulator CPPU at 20 mg l-1 was more effective on vegetative growth: plant height (37.81cm), number of leaves plant-1 (7.03) , leaf area (498.52 cm2),leaf content of chlorophyll (34.06 mg 100 gm-1 fresh weight) , percentages of dry matter, proteins and total carbohydrates(10.69,16.46,and10.94)respectively. Furthermore,CPPU at 20 mg l-1 increased flowering characters: number of inflorescences plant-1 (4.07), number of florets inflorescence-1 (11.40), length of peduncle (13.69 cm), diameter of peduncle(3.48 mm) , diameter of basal floret(5.25 cm),flowering period (17.90 days),vase life (11.93 days),besides flowering date was earlier (97.07 days) .Most interactions between the two factors were significantly enhanced all vegetative and flowering characters studied .

The study was carried out at Al-Zawraa park\ Mayoralty of Baghdad on Fall season 2014/2015,to envistage investigate the Influence of soaking Freesia Corms Golden Melody cv. in Epibrassinolide(Ep(at 0,0.05and 0.1mg l-1 and foliar application of N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)- N-phenylurea) (CPPU) at 0,10 and 20 mg l-1 on flowering and corm production .The results could be summarized as follow: soaking corms at 0.1mg l-1 of Ep(Ep0.1)was significantly increased the flowering characters: number of inflorescences plant-1(3.97), number of florets inflorescence-1 (10.81), length of peduncle (14.28 cm), diameter of peduncle (3.39 mm), diameter of basal floret (5.28 cm), plants bloomed earlier(97.08 days,while 0.05 mg l-1 of Ep was more effective on flowering period (15.92 days),and vase life (10.13 days). Soaking corms improved corm characters as well,the level of EP at 0.1mg l-1 was more effective on increasing number of corms plant-1 (2.47), corm diameter(26.28 mm), dry matter of corme (29.08 %), number of cormels corm-1 (4.92), diameter of cormel (11.37 mm), and dry matter of cormel (19.57%) .
Foliar application of Freesia plants with CPPU at 20 mg l-1 increased flowering parameters: number of inflorescences plant-1 (4.07), number of florets inflorescence-1 (11.40), length of peduncle (13.69 cm), diameter of peduncle(3.48 mm),diameter of basal floret(5.25cm),flowering period(17.90 days),vase life(11.93days),in addition , plants bloomed earlier (97.07 days). Spraing plants by CPPU at 20 mg l-1 significantly increased: number of corms plant-1 (2.54), corm diameter(26.08 mm), dry matter of corme (29.21%), number of cormels corm-1 (5.14), cormel diameter(11.34 mm) and dry matter of cormel (19.71 %) . The interactions between Ep0.1 and CP20 was superior on improving all characters tasted eccept of flowering period and vase life which the treatment EP0.05 * CP20 was the most effective .

Laboratory experiment was carried out in order to study the release of Fe of chelated FeEDDHA and its kinetic properties at three incubation temperatures (i.e., 10, 25, and 35ºC) for 10 incubation periods (1 to 90 day) in six calcareous soils from middle of Iraq. Randomized complete block design was used with three replicates.The results showed that iron release was significantly increased as the incubation temperature increased from 10 to 35ºC for all incubation periods but it was gradually decreased significantly as increased the incubation period from 1 up to 90 day period. Iron release percentages for all temperatures and soils used were 68, 63, 54 and 37% for 1, 10, 30 and 90 day, respectively. The first order equation was the best for prediction and describing the iron release with highest r2 value (0.975**) and t value (15.20). The activation energy was vary in the study soils whereas the lowest was 12.58 recorded in Al-Rashidaa soil while the highest value was 15.68 KJmol-1 obtained in Balad soil. Release rate constants of iron were significantly correlated with some soil properties (i.e., total and active carbonate, and plant available Fe).
Key words: Sorption coefficient , Iron , Activation Energy. FeEDDHA

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between some metabolites constituent in follicular fluid of ovarian from different sized follicles and it's relationship with follicular size in local cows. Ovaries were collected (140 ovary) from 70 adults non-pregnant cows which slaughtered at abattoirs of Babylon province during the period from March 2015 to September 2015. The ovaries were transported to the laboratory within 2 hours after slaughtering. Follicular fluid was withdrawal from small(3-10mm)and large (11-20mm) follicles and stored at -5ºC prior to analysis. The follicular fluid samples were analyzed for cholesterol, total protein and glucose, using commercial kits. The result showed that the average concentration of cholesterol and glucose in follicular fluid of large follicles were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the follicular fluid in small follicles. The average concentration of total protein in ovarian follicular fluid of large follicles were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that in follicular fluid in small follicles.

The current study was aimed to convert organic waste resulting from the houses and restaurants after treatment in addition to Poultry and ruminant slaughter wastes and converting these wastes into fish feed as an alternatives local feed, as well as to reduce the environmental pollution problems caused by such wastes. The experiment of Carp Fish feeding carried out in earthen pounds in middle East Company. This experiment was repeated in the second year, but using a floating cages on the Euphrates River,for carp rearing also by using the same previous treatments.The results of chemical analysis of the raw materials of the feed which were collected from Baghdad in a period from 01/11/2013 up to 01/03/2014 showed that the rate of protein was reached to 24.52 and 21% for fats , 7.84 and 12.21% for each of the restaurants , Poultry wastes and Ruminants wastes respectively. The concentration of mycotoxins were 12.5, zero and 5.9 ppb in the restaurants wastes and 6.6, zero and 31.5 ppb in the Poultry slaughter house and 9.4, zero and 14.6 ppb in the wastes of the slaughterhouse for each of the aflatoxin, ochratoxin and trichothecin respectively. The observed results of toxins were generally within the permissible limits in the feed of fish.Results of rearing and nutrition of fish in the ponds showed that the fish treated with alternative feed (1) were exceeded over the comparison feed in all studied parameters (final weight, weight gain, relative growth and food conversion ratio), while the results did not find significant differences between growth results of different feed in the experiment of floating breeding cages. The results also did not showed any effect of feed to the concentration of lead and cadmium in the tissues of the fish muscles

Research aimed to estimate the economic productive function that used to measure scale retuns,allocative efficiency of resource used in yield production , and study the most important factors affecting Profit of peanut production . Cross-sectional data used in a random sample included 93 farms of Diyala province.The results of quantitative analysis to estimate the economic productive function that allorgatima double model was the best model according to the economical, statistical ,and standard test. Also, the stated of scale retun amounted to 1.01 which found increas of scale retun , which means that yield production occure in the first stage of the productive function, As shown in the results of allocative efficiency study that resources used in yield production did not used in amodel way, which reached 0.3, 3.3, 1.5 - , 1.1 for each source of human labor, seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides respectivty.Quantitative analysis results for estimating profit function.showed that amount of quantity had output parameters great importance in profit compared to the rest of the price variables and the average production costs.
Keywords: - Peanut , Economic productive function , Retun to scale,Allocative efficiency, Profit function

This study was conducted in animal farm belonging to Animal Resource Department-Agriculture College-Alqasim Green University using 24 Awassi male lambs at 4-6 months of age and mean initial weight of 20.59 kg, to investigate the effect of ensiling and level of urea (0, 1 and 2%) on concentration of blood glucose, total protein, urea nitrogen and triglycerides. Lambs were randomly allocated into 6 equal groups with 4 lambs per each. The last week of the study was designated to withdraw blood samples via jugular vein of all lambs at 3 intervals, before, 3 and 6 hours post feeding. Results revealed that blood urea nitrogen was significantly affected (P<0.01) by treatment with higher level of urea, values were 41.67, 40.88 and 48.39 mg/100ml for levels 0, 1 and 2% of urea respectively. Other studied blood parameters were not affected by ensiling and level of urea. However, interaction between them significantly (P<0.05) affected blood total protein and urea nitrogen concentrations. Higher (P<0.01) concentration of glucose was detected in blood samples withdrawn before feeding (79.86) as compared with those withdrawn at 3 and 6 hours post feeding (71.92 and 69.61 mg/100 ml respectively). Whereas, higher (P<0.01) total protein and urea nitrogen concentrations were detected in blood samples withdrawn at 3 hours post feeding, values were 10.54 g/100 ml and 51.98 mg/100 ml respectively. Higher (P<0.01) concentration of triglycerides was detected in samples withdrawn at 6 hours post feeding.

Key word: Wild reed, blood parameters, ensiling, urea

An experiment was conducted in lab. of Hort. Dept. of Agricultre College / Univ. of AL-Qasim Green from 20-3-2015 to 5-4-2015 to determination the effeciency of aqueous plant extracts Citrus sinensis, Citrus limonum, Clerodendron inerme, Capsicum annuum, Mirabilis jalapa, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tobaccum L, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum and Allium cepa in concentrations( 0.5, 1, 1.5 g \ liter) and also used the fungal extract Beauveria bassiana with plant extracts in the evaluation of its efficiency to control the green peach aphid Myzus persica on the pepper plant. Results showed that the highest percentage of the mortality of adult of M. persica after three days of treatment was the concentration of 1.5 g \ liters of aqueous extracts of M. jalapa plant reaching 100% when compared with other plant extracts. While less extracts influential is the C. sinensis and C. limonum extract reaching the percentage of mortality stood at 8.3% after 15 days of treatment and all transactions significant differences comparison with the treatment control.
The results also showed that the mortality rates reached 100% for the two concentration 1.00 and 1.5 g \ liter after 6 days of treatment of aqueous extracts of each of C. annuum, M. jalapa, Z. officinale, A. sativum, A. cepa, respectively. The results also showed that the percentages of mortality of dilution spores fungus B. bassiana in M. persica were less than 50% after 10 days of the treatment, while the mortality percentage rate Increased after 15 days to reached 95% to the dilution 101- spore / ml, while the rate reached 78.35% to dilution 102- spore / ml.

Experiment was conducted from 1/1/2015-1/7/2015 to study the clinical signs and biochemical changes including calcium, phosphor, magnesium and glucose in pregnant ewes in comparison with control (non pregnant ewes). The study was included 30 alawassi ewes (24 pregnant and 6 control (dry or non-pregnant ewes)) and through the using of vaginal sponges to unify estrus, pregnancy and coincided on the same day. The study noticed clinically, clinical signs that appeared on the pregnant ewes at the end of the fifth month of pregnancy before, during and after parturition. In all pregnant ewes, 24 ewes showed the clinical signs hypocalcemia, included depression (100%), rapid respiration (100%), tachy cardia (83.3%), muscular tremor (66.6%), muscular weakness (66.6%), anorexia (66.6%), teeth grinding (62.5), hypothermia (62.5%), normal temperature (37.5%), Stiff and uncoordinated movement (16.6%), Ruminal stasis and tympany (12.5 %) and sternal recumbency (8.3%). It was study observed that ewes pregnant with twin lambs, 9 of 24 ewes, 8 of them, (88.9%) shawed signs of hypocalcemia while pregnant with single lamb was 15 out of 24 ewes, 8 of them only, (53.3%) showed signs of Hypocalcemia. Also noticed in this study that pregnant ewes in age (≥ 3) years 12 ewes 10 of them, (83.3%) shawed signs of hypocalcaemia while pregnant ewes in age between (1-3) years was 12, 6 (50%) showed signs of Hypocalcemia. The levels of Ca, P, Mg and Glucose in serum in the period of first, second and third month of gestation, were within the normal ranges in pregnant ewes when differentiated with the control (dry ewes). While the calcium level in serum of the pregnant ewes (clinically sick) in the final fourth and fifth months of pregnancy was significantly lower than the Ca level in pregnant ewes (clinically normal) and control (dry ewes). However the glucose levels in serum of pregnant ewes (clinically sick) in the end of fifth month of gestation, was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than glucose levels in pregnant ewes (clinically normal) and control (dry ewes).

The lab experiment carried out in the college of agriculture – University of Baghdad in Abu – Ghrib Province for study Calicum , Magnesium and Sodium in Sodiumbehavour in the Silt loam texture Soil. The Calicume , Magnesiume and Sodium were added to the soil with Potassium Sulphate (K 41%) as Source for Potassium to the above Soil in five Concentration (0 , 50 , 100 , 150 , 200) ppm. The results showed thatthe solube and exchangeable Potassiume this rate has differed to the applied cation , where it was 1.11% of the soluble state of and E treatments , while the increase rate of in the exchengable stae was differed due to the applied cation where it was 18.72% between C and A treatment , while the rate was 13.74% between C and E treatmeant was 4.38% between Aand E treatmeant. Results also showed that the values of binding energy of Potassium (k) was , arelativeiy decreased and there was an increase in binding energy when Sodium was added other than other cations. Results also showed that the impact of Calcium binding energy of potassium was higher than Magnesium. Also, salts mixture added to the values of potassium binding energy in the soil was cleariy effected. Effects were different depening calcium gave the highest binding energy. Results showed that control treatment gave highest values exchang surfaces, while when ions added separately, treatment A which contain calcium salts 100% gave highest potassium ion adsorption values compared with other salts treatments , increase rates of the applid ionswas differed where it was 55.55% between A and C treatmeant and 300% between C and E treatmeant while it was 157.14% between E and A treatmeant. Ion mixture effect on the maximum values of adsorption showed that control treatment was the highest, followed by 50% calcium cation of treatment B. The results also showed that there was a clear effect on increasing the percentage of saturation with potassium when calciumand magnesium ions added other than sodium ions , they increased in different rates due to the applied ion at (30.5 , 14.77 , 13.69) of (A and C , A and E , and C and E) respectively.
Key Word : equilibrium soilon in soil , Ion stracture in soil , Potassium behavour in soil , effect ion ration in K.

The Zea Mays crop in Iraq is described by the low productivity, The productivity is affected by the applying level of modern agricultural technologies constantly. Providing the farmers with the agricultural technologies is the responsibility of government institutions, Therefore study aims to evaluate the government supply activity in the process of spreading varieties of seeds and chemical fertilizers in cultivating Zea mays L. crop in Al-Mahaweel Agriculture Department/ Babil province. Data were collected from a proportional random sample on several stages of (68) farmers through mediated questionnaire interview survey, As well as statistics for supplying seeds and fertilizers process in Al-Mahaweel Agriculture Department for three seasons 2012-2014.The study concluded that no maize seeds provided to Department farmers for the mentioned seasons and the deficit was amounted to 100% compared by the quantities of seeds needed to grow the area planned by the Dept, as well as the deficit in the amount of fertilizers provided to the farmers in the Dept. In urea fertilizer was (40 - 47)% and in mixed fertilizer between (44 - 74)%. The study found several realizes such as: The absence of with government productivity seeds companies role in providing farmers Zea mays L. crop by seeds types recommended, and this Don’t a proportional with what it had to be, and don't help in speed up and spread the seeds by higher degree and don’t achieve its continuity and sustainability. The researcher recommended to develop strategy sustained to government strategy involved , contracting with companies in the private sector who have experience in the providing and supplying modern agricultural techniques (seeds and chemical fertilizers ) to the farmers, to meet the needs of the agricultural sector from these technologies in partnership with the public governmental sector, By what ensure and achieve continuity and sustainability of this which reflect on productivity and crop production positively.

This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanol extract for Cumin( Cuminum cyminum) and Cinnamon( Cynnamomum zeylanicum) against Rhizoctonia solani that caused cotton seedling damping-off on PDA and under greenhouse condition.The toxic concentration,0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/ml of Cumin and Cinnamon extract were tested in growth fungus pathogen. The inhibition percentage of fungal growth was found to be 0, 44, 54, 66, 78% respectively with the concentration of Cumin extract and 0, 50, 63, 67, 70% respectively with the concentration of Cinnamon extract. However, in the greenhouse found that seed treatment with Cumin and Cinnamon ethanol extracts at 20mg/ml was led to significant reduction in the percentage of seedling damping off pre and post emeraence compared with control treatment. The percentage of damping off pre and post emeraence were reached 8.3, 12.5% respectively with Cinnamon ethanol extract , while were reached 16.7, 20.8% respectively with Cumin ethanol extracts , compared with control treatment with the presence of pathogen fungus where the percentage of seedling damping off pre and post emeraence were reached 40, 58.3% respectively, which indicate that the active compound of Cumin and Cinnamon extracts in controling this pathogen.
Keywords: Damping-off, Cotton, Rhizoctonia solani, Cumin, Cinnamon.

An experiment was conducted during the spring seasons of 2014 in private field in Babil province , Al-Hashimia district, to study the effect of organic fertilization (Residues of date palm fronds ) included three levels of organic fertilizer ( Zero, 16 , 32 ton.hectar-1) and the mineral fertilization ( N,P,K) included four levels of mineral fertilizer N,P,K ( Zero ,50% , 75% and 100% of the recommended quantity) on some growth and yield characteristics of potato var. Safaran. This experiment was designed according to (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. Using organic and mineral fertilizer showed a significant effect in growth and yield characteristics. . The treatment (32 ton.hectar-1OF.+ 100% of N,P,K ) and (16 ton.hectar-1 OF + 100 % of N,P,K ) gave highest average in the percentage of plant emergence reached 96.88% as compared with control treatment. Also the treatment (32 ton.hectar-1 OF + 100% of N,P,K) gave highest average in number of leaves reached 63.93 as compared with control treatment. While the treatment (16 ton.hectar-1 OF + 100% of N,P,K) and (16 ton.hectar-1 OF + 50 % of N,P,K) gave highest average in total soluble solids reached 6.87 % as compared with control treatment. The treatment (16 ton.hectar-1 OF + 100% of N,P,K) gave highest average in qualitative density of tubers reached 1.86 g/ cm2 as compared with control treatment. The treatment (32 ton.hectar-1 OF + 75% of N,P,K) gave lowest average in percentage of non marketable yield reached 2.75 % as compared with control treatment.
Key word: Organic fertilization , Mineral fertilization, Potato Safrane.

This Study was Carried out in 2014 to Know the evaluation of Hilla People about the exiting Situation of Hilla Private Sector Parks and the recreation Services which Present to them , Therefore; 200 questionnaire from was distributed among them . The following result represent the important points :- %98 of respondents visited Parks %23 preferred Queen park than the other private sector parks , %33.15 the reason is the fulfillment family conditions , %40.81 preferred visit Parks in unlimited times , %52 Preferred spring season for visiting parks , %35.5 preferred feast days [ Al-Eed ] for the visit , %84 referred that Parks did not accommodate visitors in feasts and occasions days, %34.18 referred that the reason of their visit to parks was feeling more freedom , %58.39 referred that gardens was in bad condition , %36.37 referred that parks were designed randomly, %84 preferred to introduce sport games to the Parks , %85.71 did not face any problem through their visiting to the Parks .

The experiment was carried out in a lath house at the Dept. of Hort. And Landscape- Coll. Of Agric. – Univ. Of Baghdad (Abu Ghraib) during the season 2010-2011, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Organic fertilizer10% v/v, component remnants of cattle and poultry decaying, and a mixture 1:1of the two kinds applied to the soil, that covered with black plastic polyethylene as a mulch, compared with a conventional system using chemical fertilization without mulch. The research aims to compensate organic fertilization Interference with mulching, rather than chemical fertilization, that impact on growth and production of Strawberry Fragaria ananassa Duch. Var. Hapil. The results showed superiority of plants with organic fertilization and mulching in leaf, stolen, daughter plants number, leaf area per plant and chlorophyll content (37.3), (145.1cm2), (8.3), (19.7) and (168.83 mg. 100g-1) respectively, the significantly increasing in vegetative parameters due significant increased in fruit number (7.67) per plant, fruit weight (11.07 gm) and the yield (84.7 gm. Plant-1).

Key word: Strawberry, mulching, Organic fertilization, chemical fertilization.

This research was conducted during the winter season of 2014/2015 inside unheated green house in Technical Institute Musayab, to investigate the effect of sprays numbers and different concentrations of nutrient foliar AL- Nebras ( 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 cm3 .l-1) and their interaction on growth and yield of Eggplant var. Barshelona using (RCBD) with three replicates. Results showed that the sprays number and the concentrations of AL- Nebras and their interaction had a significant effect on vegetative growth characteristics and yield. The interaction of three sprays with 2.5 cm3 .l-1 of AL- Nebras gave the highest average of plant height (103.34cm), branches number.plant-1 (11.98) , leaves number.plant-1 (116.87) leaf area.plant-1, ( 198.99 dc2) flowers number (72.86) and set of flowers percentage (91.12). Results also gave the highest average of fruits number.plant-1, fruit long, fruit weight, yield. Plant-1, early yield, and total yield /greenhouse amounted to( 38.67, 21.67cm, 121.88gm, 4.713kg, 0.788ton, 9.049ton) respectively. While the average was 10.54 fruits number.plant-1, 11.22 cm fruit long, 80.55g. fruit weight, 0.848 kg. total yield. Plant-1, 0.143 ton early total yield and 1.631ton yield/greenhouse respectively for control treatment.

Some biological aspects of Asp Aspius vorax were studied from September 2014 till April 2015 for the Jeryan and Qutba stations in Tharthar Lake/ Salahaddin, Iraq. 66 samples were fished with standard length 17.8-53.3 cm. less the lowest udmber of fish was recorded in the second station 6.06% in December 2014 and for the first station was in march 2015, while the highest record was 18.18% in September 2014 in the second station and in April 2015 in the first station. Less standard length was in record for the fished that the second station 26.32 cm and 20.73 for the first station during sapleafar and December 2014 respectively lawe the highest standard length observed in the second station 48.55 cm in September 2014 and for the first station was 45.20 cm in March 2015. It was clear from the a value for the straight length relationship which was Positive relationship between standard length and body depth, body width, distance before and after dorsal fin with 32.99, 0.09, 1.67, and 1.26respectively. A positive relationship ako occurred between standard length and each of head dimensions such as length, depth, width, and snout length as well of miuh dimaurions cepresentud by width and hight. A conclusion obtained from this study that there were asymmetry in the relation between body length and other dimensions represented by d.Herea morphometric parameters and there were a symmetry growth for these fish lived in different area of Tharthar Lake.