Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding different levels of green tea (GT) infusion to semen extenders on the percentage of motility, viability and abnormality of ram semen during storage at 5◦C for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hrs after collection and dilution. A total of 16 ejaculates from 3 Awassi rams were gathered by artificial vagina and extended by TRIS extender. The GT infusion was added by 0, 2, 4 and 6 ml/ 100 ml of extender which represents control group (C) and treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) respectively.
The results demonstrated a significant increase (P<0.05) in the percentage of sperm motility for each of the treatments T2 and T3 as compared with control group (C) for periods 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs, while the treatment T1 showed a calculation increased for the same trait as compared with the control group (C) for all periods of experiment. The percentage of sperm viability showed a calculation increased for all treated groups T1, T2 and T3 as compared with control group (C) for all periods of experiment. Otherwise, the results appeared a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the sperm abnormalities percentage for both treatments T2 and T3 as compared with the control group (C) for all periods of experiment, whereas the treatment T1 revealed a significant decrease (P<0.05) for both periods 120 and 144 hrs as compared with control group (C) for the same trait. Therefore, it was concluded that adding GT infusion to the ram semen extenders can be used to enhance semen characteristics which include motility and viability as well as reduce the abnormality of ram semen stored at 5°C.

Experiment was conducted in Baghdad. Three factor were used in this research included Two types of Plows included moldboard and disk plows which represented the main plot, Three forward speeds of the tillage was the second factor included 1.85, 3.75 and 5.62 km / h which represented sup plot , and Three levels of Soil Moisture was third factor included 21, 18 and 14 % in all of Vertical and Lateral Plowing Deviation, Practical and specific productivity, actual time for plowing one donam and appearance (goodness) of Tillage represented by the number of clods > 10 cm in silt clay loam soil with depth 22 cm were studied. the experiment was used Split – split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications and Least Significant Design 5 % was used to compare the means of treatments . Mold-board plow recorded the best Practical and specific productivity for plowing which was 1.247 donam/ hr and 2379 m / hr, and lower actual time for plowing one donam 0.972 hr and Appearance Tillage number of clods > 10 cm was 9.555 clods/m2 , Disc Plow recorded the least Vertical and Lateral Deviation for Plowing which was 2.325% and 2.357% . Tillage Speed 5.62 km/hr recorded higher Practical and specific productivity 1.672 donam/hr and 3452 m/hr respectively and lower actual time 0.608 hr and number of clods > 10 cm was 8.166 clods/m2, Speed 1.85 km/hr recorded lower Vertical and Lateral Deviation Plowing 1.221% and 1.068% respectively. Soil Moisture 18 % recorded higher Practical and specific productivity 1.168 donam /hr and 2400 m /hr respectively, lower actual time 1.047 hr and lower number of clods > 10 cm was 9.500 clods/m2. Soil Moisture 21% recorded lower Vertical and Lateral Deviation for Plowing 1.978% and 1.901% respectively. All Interactions among treatments had significant effect on the parameters studded under this experiment.

The Grey Scales Insects was considered as one of the pests which impact the all date palm varieties and the date itself, To avoid using of chemical pesticides and its negative impacts on the whole agroecosystem, Two isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi Lencanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii (Zimm) Zare and Oami were also used against the forementioned immature and mature stages of P.blanchardi under both laboratory and field conditions. The Results showed the different in the killing percentage of insect eggs, according to the tested concentrations as well as the period that followed the transaction, which saw the focus (1 × 108) spore / ml in record proportions killings amounted to the isolation of imported fungi 93.4% after 14 days of treatment in isolation amounted to 90.7% of local fungi.
The results also showed rapid growth and evolution of fungal isolates the nymphs crawling starting from 3 day of treatment, and that the short time during which he managed to kill nymphs compared to their impact on insect eggs. The impact on nymphs variation by age, where it has made a focus (1×106) spore /ml ratios were killed amounted to 99.2 and 97.4 of imported and local fungi respectively on crawlers , sessile nymphs 93.2 and 94.2% respectively in the same concentration, while the killing percentage to the adult in the same time period and concentration 97.4, 95.2% respectively. The adoption of the highest concentration of each isolation (1 × 108) spore/ ml, which have been tested against the insect fields, in the role of the egg isolates did not give any ratio was killed after 3days of treatment to local and imported isolation, while reached 89.9, 79.8%, respectively, after 21days of the treatment and while imported excelled on the local isolation against the role of the nymph crawlers and reached the highest killing percentage of the two 89 and 73%, respectively, after 21 days of treatment, in the sessile nymphs it did not record any killing percentage after 3 to 7 days of treatment, but they gave the highest effectiveness after 21days as the percentage of local and imported 90.2 , 88% respectively. The adult was affected by limited rates in the first periods of treatment, but they gave the highest killing percentage after 21days 93.9, 87.6% respectively.

An experimented lasted for 74 days was carried out using 21Awassi lambs, 5-6 months age with an intial body weight of 28.500 kg lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups, 7 lambs per each group involoved. Group feeding were used in which lambs were fed concentrate ration(3% of live body weigth) containing different levels of L-Carnitine(0 , 60 and 120 g /ton).Chopped barley straw was offered ad libitum. Claen water was available for 24 h. Results revealed no significanit differences among treatments in consumption of roughage , concentrate and total feed which were 0.356 ,0.987 and1.342kg respectively as well as feed conversion rate (8.07) ,There were no significant differences amony treatments in the final body weight, total and daily gains, which were 40.833,12.334 and 0.167 respectively but there were numerical differences in the final body weight and total gain for lambs in T2 which were 41.500 and 12.714 kg respectively as compared with treatments T1 and T3 in which values were40.643,12.357and40.357,11.929Kgrespectively.

A biological experiment has been carried out in the Department of Soil and Water Resources the College of Agriculture-AL-Qasim Green University in summer season (2014) in order to identify the effect of adding different levels of soild sewage sludge (sludge) and Pb and the interaction between them in the pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) in two different texture soils clay soil (s1) and sand soil (s2) , a biological experiment involved cultivation in plastic pots included three levels of lead in from of nitrate phase (0 , 234 , 468) mg.kg-1 respectively, and four levels of sludge (0 , 30 , 60 , 90) gm.kg-1 and two soils (clay s1 and sandy s2) and the cultivation of pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) , The design CRD was used in the stady, included three levels of pb and four levels of sludge two different texture soils with five replicates bringing the number of experimental units to be (120) unit , results showed: That significant increase when adding the sludge with level (90) gm.kg-1 in the overall total and available concentrations of lead in soils of case-study and the presence of a significant increase when adding the sludge with level (90) gm.kg-1 to contaminated soil with lead in the concentration of total and available element (234, 468) mg.kg-1 .And for the total concentration of element which absorbed by plant the results showed that the highest of lead accumulation in plant was when adding levels (90) gm.kg-1 of heavy element (sludge).

The Grey Scales Insects was considered as one of the date’s pests which impact the all date palm varieties and the date itself, To avoid using of chemical pesticides and its negative impacts on the whole agroecosystem, studies have been made to use some botanical pesticides including the commercial formulation of Neem1%, Neem supported by sulphur and potassium (Neem SK 1%), Fytoshine 1% and Cnidiadin (Osthole) 0.4%. against insect P.blanchardi and at a temperature of 25 ± 2 º m and relative humidity 60-70% laboratory and in field conditions. Laboratory results revealed that the killing percentages were 100% for the above mentioned pesticides at the concentrations, 2 8 ml/L. respectively after 7days of the treatments for pesticides Cnidiadin and Neem SK, and (2,3 ml /L.) for pesticides Fytoshine, and Neem. The impacts of these pesticides were different on the crawlers ranging all concentrations tested ratios killed 100% excludingconcentration (4 , 6) ml/L. for pesticide Cnidiadin and concentration 3 ml /L. for pesticide Fytoshine as the percentage relative their effectiveness after 7days of treatment 89, 88 and 90% respectively, The killing percentages of the sessile nymphs were also different depending on the pesticide type, concentration, the duration followed the treatments, being 100% for the Neem SK and Cnidiadin at 1 and 3 ml/L. for the former and 8ml/L. for the later after 7 days of the treatments . Absolute killing percentages were also achieved against adult insects at 2, 3, and 8 ml/L. for the Neem 1%, Neem SK and Cnidiadin respectively. In the light of laboratory results achieved, both extracts (Neem SK and Cnidiadin) were used under field conditions at 3,8ml/L respectively, results obtained showed the killing percentages on the egg is very low compared to the results of laboratory, the pesticide Cnidiadin morally superior to the pesticide Neem SK reaching their killing percentages 34 and 14%, respectively, after 14days of treatment, and the results obtained showed the superiority of the Cnidiadin with 93.3% killing percent in the same periods as compared with the 73.3% for the Neem SK after 14 days of treatments .

To study the effect of irrigation periods ( irrigation each 5, 10 and 15) days , (T1 , T2 and T3) respectively and Potassium levels (0 , 120 and 240) kg ha-1 , (K0 , K1 and K2) kg ha-1 respectively on yield some and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) . Field experiment was conducted in the Field crops production department .College of Agriculture – University of Baghdad , in the Autumn season 2013 in silty clay loam soil texture . Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications . 120 kg ha-1 P fertilizer added at sowing time . 240 kg N ha-1 of urea added at three stage of plant growth (vegetative , inflorescences and at tasseling stage ). Water requirement of plant 675 mm . Plants were irrigated after calculating quantities of water for every treatment . Plants were harvested at maturity stage , the result showed that : The impact of irrigation after 10 and 15 days (T2 and T3) significantly effect in reducing biological yield , oven dry weight of crop and weight of 500 grain . compared to (T1) treatment which produced biological yield , oven dry weight , weight of 500 grain and grain yield were 5112 kg ha-1 , 359 kg ha-1 , 163 gm and 4753 kg ha-1 respectively . Potassium levels were significantly effect for increasing biological yield , oven dry weight , weight of 500 grain and grain yield were 5552 kg ha-1 , 401 kg ha-1 , 182 gm and 5150 kg ha-1 respectivly . interaction was significantly effect in increasing all above parameters.

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Fayadhiya region / Al-Hashimya township / Babylon government during summer season 2014, use three variety of sesame (Somer, Wadaa, Rafidain) at effect of four planting date (1 May, 15 May, 1 June, 15 June) in order to investigate the best variety can be cultivated in the best planting date under the climatic conditions of middle Iraq in Babylon government and to study the interaction between the varieties and planting dates and its effect in the field traits and the yield and quality.Used experiment of split plot at randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication, the main plot contained planting dates, and were cultivated in every planting date, three varieties, the varieties as sub plot that the factor most importance.The data were analyzed statistically by used source of variance and used Less significant difference (LSD) for compare the means of treatments, the studied traits are :number of capsules per plant, capsule length (cm), number of seeds per capsule, weight of 1000 seed (gm), the seeds yield (kg. ha-1), percentage of oil, percentage of protein.
The results showed :
The variety Rafedain Superiority in most traits of the yield and yield components, its Superiority in the total yield of seeds 1206 kg.ha-1, number of capsules per plant 134.3 capsule.plant-1, the variety Wadaa Superiority in capsule length 3.01 cm which were not significantly different from Rafedain variety 2.90cm.The variety Somer Superiority in the percentage of protein of 7.32% which Superiority on the varieties Wadaa and Rafedain.The planting dates were differed in most traits of the yield and yield components as superiority the planting date 15 May in the yield of seeds of 1141 kg.ha-1 and number of capsules per plant 152.1 capsule.plant-1 .The planting date 15 June superiority in the quality traits its gave the higher percentage of oil of 52.89% , while 1 June superiority in the percentage of protein 7.80% .The variety Rafedain were cultivated in 15 May and 1 June superiority in most of the yield traits, and the total yield of seeds (1268 , 1226) kg.ha-1 respectively. The variety Wadaa were cultivated in 15 June superiority in the percentage of oil of 53.73%, while the variety Somer were cultivated in 1 June superiority in the percentage protein of 7.80%.

The study was conducted at the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during the growing seasons of 2013- 2014 .for Performance of Evaluation Vegetative growth and yield traits and estimate some important genetic parameter on seven selected breed of tomato which (S1-S7 ) Pure line. the results found significant differences between breeds in all study trails except clusters flowering number .S1 significantly plant length which reached 227.3 .Also S1,S2 and S4 were significantly increased the number fruit for plant, Fruit weight Increased in S3 ,S6 and plant yield. Increased in S1, S4 ,S5. Genetic variation values were low in Floral clusters , TSS and fruit firmest and medium in Stem diameter . and high in the rest of traits .Percentage of inheritance in the broad sense was height ,in all traits except Floral clusters and fruit firmest 8.41%, 33.10% respectively and the environmental variation was higher than genetic variation in this two traits. while phenotype variation values were low in TSS and fruit ferment and high in the rest of the study traits. Analysis Hierarchical clustering showed the Average convergence breeds S3 and S6 also between S2 and S4 While diverged between S1, S5, S7.

A field experiment was conducted during the agriculture season (2014 -2015) In Horticulture station of the Ministry of Agriculture in Mahaweel which located 20 km north of Babylon city in sandy clay loam soil , usinga randomized complete block design (RCBD) with Systematic Arrangement of Whole – plots , to study the Effect of irrigation water quality and organic and mineral fertilization on the availability of some nutrient elements and cabbage yield , The experiment included 72 Treatment caused by the interaction between the two factors , The first factor represents the salinity of irrigation water (W) at three levels (1.4, 3 , 6 ds m-1 ) The second factor represents the organic and mineral fertilization (T) with eight in fertilizer transactions which are ( Control ) , (Composting corn cobs 20 tons h-1) , (Composting Cattle 20 tons h-1) , (Composting corn cobs+ composting cattles 20 tons h-1 ratio of 1: 1) , (Chemical fertilization) , (Composting corn cobs 20 tons h-1 + Chemical fertilization) , (composting cattles 20 tons h-1 + Chemical fertilization ) , ((Composting corn cobs + composting cattles 20 tons h-1 rate of 1: 1) + Chemical fertilization) ) . with three replicates . The results of the study Summarized as follow : The raised of water salinity levels led to significantly raise the values of electrical conductivity of the soil and nutrient elements availability (N, P and K) in the soil and A slight decrease in the PH and cabbage yield . While adding organic fertilizer led to a significant decrease in the electrical conductivity of the soil and PH , Also led to a significant increase in the nutrient elements availability (N, P and K) in the soil and cabbage yield . Mixing compost + Chemical fertilizers has led to a significant increase in available N and P in the soil , and yield Compared with the addition of each of them individually . The mixing treatment ((Composting corn cobs + composting cattles 20 tons h-1 rate of 1: 1) + Chemical fertilizers)) outperformed on other treatments to give the highest yield values reflected significantly on the product of cabbage (60.92 ton h-1 ) .

An experiment was carried out using 24 Awassi lambs with an average weights of 26.21kg and 4-5 months of age. The lambs were divided into four equal groups and fed four experimental diets, to study the effect of replacement of barley with different levels of corn residue (0, 15, 30 and 45%) . Animals were fed concentrate diets at rate of 3% of body weight to 12 weeks with preliminary period of two weeks . Results showed that roughage, concentrate and total feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by levels of corn residue. The results also indcated that live weight gain average daily gain and total gain were not significantly affected too.

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season 2014, in one of the farmers' fields in Al-Kamalia discent just 12 km west of the holy Karbala in ovince sandy texture soil to investigate the effect of irrigation duration and levels of phosphorus, and zinc in groundnut crop Arachis hypogaea L. The experiment conducted in accordance with split- split. plot in randomized complete block design RCBD The phosphorus levels (50 , 60 , 70) kg P2O5.ha-1 operated the main plots and duration of zinc spraying (flowering and grain filling) with concentration 0.2% gm Zn. Liter-1 represnted the sub plots while the duration of irrigation (6 , 9) da operated sub- sub- plot.

The aim of this study Variogram using to Diagnosis for soil salinity and sodicity diagnosis Al-Kuther (Jabbalah) district in the northern part of Babylon Province, where soil salinity , SAR and ESP% mapping accuracy , with high significantly R2 : 0.9485 , 0.9747 and 0.983 for each its respectively . These maps products appear that 6.15% of study area non salinity soils , 37.26% of study area unaffected by SAR and 29.75% of study area unaffected by ESP% .

The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity on in vitro production of phenolic compounds( quercetin, myricetin and chlorogenic acid) in plant Euphorbia tirucalli L. Callus which was induced by planting internod on MS medium supplied with plant growth regulators 2,4-D at 1.0 mg/L and BA at 0.5 mg/L . About 250 mg of callus was subjected to different concentrations of NaCl included: 0.0, 50, 100 and 200 mM in MS medium with the same concentrations of growth regulators above. Fresh and dry weights, contents of proline and soluble sugars were determined. The quality of phenolics (quercetin, myricetin and chlorogenic acid) were estimated in extracts of callus and original plant using HPLC technique. Significant differences were reported among different treatments where salinity had negative effect on reduced fresh and dry weights of callus with losing of callus viability on 200 mM of NaCl. The highest proline content was observed in salinity treatments 50 and 100 mM(0.93 and 0.90 µmole/g fresh weight respecpectivety), whereas the content of soluble sugars was reduced significantly with high levels of salinity. Maximum content of quercetin(1.90 µg/g dry weight) was shown under salt concentration 50 mM. No significant difference was observed in myricetin content between control and 50 mM treatments( 2.41 and 2.06 µg/g dry weight respectively). The highest level of chlorogenic acid was observed in control (43.67 µg/g dry weight) compared with other salinity concentrations. Results showed that the salt concentration 200 mM had negative effects on all above contents in callus.

Field experiment was carried out in Tekret Research Station/ Ministry of Science and Technology in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons to screen and select 20 lentil genotypes. The results showed that genotype 37 was superior in early flowering (129 and 99) days, early mature (172 and 131) days in both seasons respectively. Genotype 71619 was superior in seed yield (2476) Kg/ha and yield components in season 2011-2012. However, genotype 1939 was superior in seed yield (1961.4) Kg/ha and yield components in season 2012-2013.

This study was conducted at farms of Animal Resources- College of Agriculture- AL-Qasim Green University for the period from 15/11/2014 to 15/2/2015. The aim of this study was to know the effect of milking stage on chemical and physical composition of milk on some haematological and biochemical characteristics in local goats during complete milking stage. The study included five female goats ranged from 2-3 years of age. Milk samples collected and tested to estimate chemical and physical characteristics. 5 ml of blood was collected and divided into two parts, 2 ml was used to measure blood parameters and 3 ml was used to isolate the serum in order to measure biochemical parameters. The results of this study showed that fresh milk contains 3.00 – 3.51% fat, 8.67 – 8.84% SNF materials, 1.023 – 1.031 relative density, 3.22 – 3.27 % protein, 4.75 – 4.96 % lactose, 0.525 – 0.566 freezing point, PH for the milk ranged between 6.67 – 6.77, and the boiling point for the milk was 105.55 – 106.0. For the blood characteristics, the results notesed that milking stage had significant (P<0.05) effect in the values of cholesterol, total protein, albumen, percentage of PCV values, the number of white blood cells, also highly significant (P<0.01) in the triglycerides, globulin, and hemoglobin value. Blood and biochemical parameters in the blood of females goat effected significantly during the production months.

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 2014 – 2015 in one of the field of Abo Gharak region 10 km west the center of Babylon government , Used randomized complete block design with system of Split plot with three replication, the nitrogen levels (without fertilizer , 50 , 100 , 150 , 200 , 250) kg N.ha-1, represented the main plots, while the cutting dates (without cutting , cut after 45 day from sowing , cut after 65 day from sowing , cut after 85 day from sowing) represented sub – plots . Data was analyzed and tested by least significant difference (LSD). The results showed :Superiority of the third cutting date C3 (cut after 85 day from sowing) significantly by giving higher means for the yield of green forage and yield of dry matter of 31.639 ton.ha-1 and 6.921 ton.ha-1 respectively, Also, the treatment C0 (without cutting) was superiori significantly by giving the higher means of grain yield , number of spikes, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight of 5.728 ton.ha-1 , 504.6 spike.m-2, 48.44 grain. spike-1, 42.532 gm respectively. Superiority of the nitrogen level N5 (250 kg N.ha-1) by giving the higher means for the yield of green forage , yield of dry matter , grain yield, number of spikes, number of grains per spike which reached 36.52 ton.ha-1 , 7.162 ton.ha-1 ,6.196 ton. Ha-1 , , 505.9 spike.m-2 , 50.66 grain.spike-1 respectively. The results showed significant effect for interaction values between study factors , the interaction of N5 × C3 gave higher mean for the yield of green forage, yield of dry matter reached, 42.647 ton.ha-1 , 8.960 ton.ha-1 respectively. Also , the interaction of N5 × C0 gave higher mean for number of spikes , grain yield reached , 591 spike.m-2 , 7.607 ton.ha-1 respectively. The results of study concluded that positive effect for late cutting dates in increasing the yield of green forage and yield of dry matter, it was faund also that non-cutting led to positive increasing in grain yield and most of its components, it was conclude that the high nitrogen levels led to positive increas in yield of green forage, yield of dry matter and grain yield as well .

Fennel is considered as herbaceous crop belonging to apiaceae which used as spicy and medicinal plants. Field test experiment was conducted out for two successive seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 using four genotypes of fennel to assess the nature and extend of variability of these genotypes via some agronomical traits. Genotypes were randomly distributed underwith completely randomized block design with three replicates. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among genotypes in all traits. Where, genotype Amego was superior in average of branches per plant of 13.67 branch.plant-1 (for first season), umbellets per umbel of 29.00 and 51.00 umbellets. Umbel-1, weight of umbel of 42.67 and 36.00 gm, diameter of umbel of 13.33 and 16.67 cm and plant height of 145.00 and 148.3 cm, for each season, respectively. Whereas, Romanesco gave highest average of umbel of 22.00 and 23.67 umbel.plant-1 and branches no. of 17.00 branch. plant-1 (for second season). Highest GCV and PCV were recorded for weight of umbel of 36.00 and 36.42 followed by plant height of 31.40 and 31.51 consequenced by number of branches of 30.82 and 31.17, in first season, for each coefficient, respectively. In second season, highest GCV and PCV were registered in umbellets no. of 52.83 and 53.16 followed by branches no. of 45.00 and 45.30. Furthermore, superior heritability was noticed in plant height of 99.18 consequenced by branch no. of 97.74 and umbel weight of 97.73, for first season. While in second season, the highest heritability was observed in umbellets no. of 98.79 followed by branches no. of 98.69 and plant height of 98.58. These results could be used in genetic diversity to identify genotypes and plan a breeding programme to improve these genotypes. Where, morphological selection could be effective to improve some traits of fennel.

A field experiment was conducted in the Mishkab Rice Research Station Najaf province during the summer a season 2014. The study aims to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and number of seedling per hill in characteristics of the growth and yield of rice "cultivar Yasemin". Randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plot arrangement with three replications, the nitrogen levels (210 , 280 , 350 , 420) kg urea. ha-1 represented the main plots, while the the number of seedling per hill (1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5) seedling. hill-1 represented the sub plots, and the results of statistical analysis showed that nitrogen level 420 kg urea. ha-1 gave the highest average values for following characteristics of (grain yield (ton.ha-1), biological yield (ton.ha-1), number of panicles.m-2, number of grains per panicle) reached (6.10 (ton.ha-1), 14.38 (ton.ha-1), 211.01 (panicle.m-2), 127.76 (grain.panicle-1)) respectively, the density 5 seedling.hill-1 superiority by giving the highest average for the values following characteristics of (, grain yield, the biological yield, number of panicles per square meter, number of grains per panicle) and reached (6.08 (ton.ha-1), 14.47 (ton.ha-1), 186.13(panicle.m-2), 117.07 (grain.panicle-1) ), respectively. This study concluded from that the best nitrogen level is 420 kg urea. ha-1, and the best density was 5 seedling.hill-1 , because of their superiority in the studied characteristics. *

An experiment was conducted in the field of Agriculture College, Al-Qasim Green Univ. at 2014-2015 growth season to study the effect of spraying some nutrients (Urea, Organic fertilizer extract, complete fertilizer , seaweed extract and salicylic acid) as well as control ( distil water) under drip irrigation in saline soil. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications . The results showed that all spraying treatments caused a significant effect in chlorophyll content, plant leaves number, leaf area, head weight and diameter and total yield compared to control. Spraying of complete fertilizer and organic fertilizer extract were increased significantly compared to other treatments in most traits.

The field survey results that conducted in 15 fields planted with Broad bean belong to Babylon province showed the spread of roots and bases of peas stems rot disease in all the regions that covered with this survey with infection percentage of about 40 – 100% with a severity of injury about 26.7 – 75%. The results of isolation and diagnosis Variation in the presence of fungi found that the fungus Rhizoctonia solani , Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina The most visible. The results of molecular diagnostics of these fungi proved that there are 12 isolates R. solani and 9 isolates of the fungus M. phaseolina complete except the fungus F. solani do not appear complete with its two isolates used by technical of PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction. The test results of the ability of pathogenic fungi studied showed Variation in the rates of germination and variation in the severity of infection. Been getting 7 isolates of bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae of been has been getting and the results showed the ability of these isolates were discouraged by pathogenic fungi and ranged from 50.74-100%. The results of wooden canopy showed that the treatment outweigh the integration between bacteria and mushrooms R. leguminosarum bio T. viride added to the contaminated soil fungus pathogen causing significance reduction in the proportion of the severity of rot disease and the base of peas stems ranging between 53.33- 66.67% and 15.00-18.33% respectively as observed superiority in increasing the growth standards in the plant compared with comparison treatment of mushroom alone.

This study was carried out at vegetables field of Horticulture and landscape department, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, Iraq., during growth season 2013-2014, to investigate the effect of foliar application of boron at two concentrations (30 and 60 mlg.l-1) and soil adding with licorice and Acadian extracts at (3 and 4 gm.l-1 concentrations). Treatment of boron and extracts was done in three stages: The first stage was after 20 days of transplanting, the second 20 days after first stage while third stage was 20 days after the second stage on vegetative growth and yield characters of broccoli cultivar Paraiso (Hybrid). The experiment involved 7 treatments arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: use of licorice at 4 gm.l-1 concentration showed a significant increase in all vegetative growth as compared to the control plants, whereas plants treated with Acadian extract at 4gm.l-1 showed significant increase values of fresh weight and dry weight and leaf area / plant and the highest biological yield (3792.7 gm/plant and 148.337 ton.ha-1) by follows continually obtained by a treated plant with licorice extract at 3 gm.l-1 concentration,.a significant increase on main curd weight and its yield (553.00 gm.plant-1 and 21.6284 ton.ha-1) respectively as compared to all treatments .

This study was conducted at the research and teaching farm at the Dept. of Animal Resources- College of Agriculture- AL-Qasim Green University for the period from 15/11/2014 to 15/2/2015. The study included five female goats ranged from 2-3 years of age. Milk samples collected and tested to estimate the distribution on of casein parts in milk by using high-speed centrifuge (with different speed) after isolating fat from it and save it. Also, molecular weight for casein parts was estimated by using electric electrophoreseis.completely Randomized Desigen(CRD) with (SAS 2012) was used for study and Duncan test was used for means compoison. The results of this study showed that fresh milk contains 3.00 – 3.51% fat, 8.67 – 8.84% SNF materials, 1.023 – 1.031 relative density, 3.22 – 3.27 % protein, 4.75 – 4.96 % lactose, 0.525 – 0.566 freezing point, PH for the milk ranged between 6.67 – 6.77, and the boiling point for the milk was 105.55 – 106.0. The results also showed that the proportion of large, medium, and small casein particles ranged between 41.48 – 43.64, 33.59 – 34.88, and 22.12 – 23.19 respectively. This study concluded that milking stage didn’t have significant effect on the molecular weight of casein parts in the different size of casein particles

field experimental was conducted at Horticulture research station in Mahaweel during autumn season 2014-2015 in a loam clay sandy soil , using Systematic arrangement design of whole-plots with three replication . Main treatment was three levels of irrigation water ( 1.4 , 5.0 , 7.0 dS m-1) while the sub-treatment had five levels of plant waste, which a comparison , rice husks (10 tons h-1), wheat straw (10 ton h1), the ashes of the husks rice (3.3 ton h-1) , the ashes of straw of wheat (2.5 ton h-1) and three interaction. A field experiment to find out the effect of different irrigation water quality and five levels of plant waste on some chemical properties of soil , the results showed , the increase in the values of Electrical conductivity of irrigation water from 1.4 to 5 and 7 dS.m-1 led to obtain a significant increase in the values of Electrical conductivity of the soil from 2.84 to 6.38 and 8.78 dS m-1 respectively. The low degree of interaction of soil from 8.00 to 7.84 and values 7.69 respectively led to a significant increase in the positive and negative ions concentration dissolved in the soil. The plant waste, particularly rice husks and straw of wheat have significant effect in lowring the rate of Electrical conductivity of the soil, reducing the values of positive and negative ion in the soil and reducing the harmful effect of salts in the root zone as a result of improving the physical properties of the soil .

Result study appears that increasing extraction temperature due to increasing of extracted percentage and pectin , but it leading to badness for physical properties of dibbis to be reduce in viscosity of producing dibbis and height of total acidity as citric acid and given dark color to final product .Height extraction temperature also due to kill large numbers of contaminated microorganism only remain spore forming bacteria , Two species of spore forming bacteria is isolated and identifying according to method of (Bergyes ) .it found that (D) value for these types of bacteria is decrease with height of total soluble solied (TSS) , these types of bacteria cant grew in dibbis syrup more than (30) Brix TSS.