Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

This experemit was conducted in the tissue culture lob / Technical college -Musaib during seasons of 2007 – 2008 to find out the effect of Various conc . of BA and NAA (0 , 0.5 , 1.0 , 1.5 ,and 2 mg / L ) on shoot formation from different explants of carnation ( shoot tip and node ). CRD design with 5 replications was used .
Results indicated that response of shoot tip was faster than nodal explant . Explants from tips gave highest mean of shoot number and shoot length (cm ), leaf number and number of nodal and internodes which gave (2 .00 shoots , 2 .2 cm , 7 .56 leave , 5.20 node and 2 .68 ) inter node per shoot respectively. of NAA , at 1.5 mg /L resulted in lightest means of the above traits (3.2 , 4.0 , 12.20 , 9.40 and 4.70 respective ) . On the other hand , 1.5 mg /L BA gave highest means (4.10 , 6.10 cm ,13.60 ,11. 20 ,6.00 )
Interaction of 1.5 mg /L NAA and 1.5 mg /L BA gave the highest values of the traits studied .

In order to determine the response of Faba bean to water interval and planting depth . A field experiment was laid out in Karbala government during the growing season of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 in split plot design with R C B D . water interval 8 , 16 and 24 days were assigned in the main plots , sowing depth 5 , 10 and 15 cm were assigned in the sub plots .
The results showed that water interval 8 and 16 days which didn't differ significantly between them gave the best higher seed yield 4626 and 4300 kg/h respectively in the first season and 4290 and 3983 kg/h respectively in the second season . This was due to higher number of pods per plant which were higher contributed to the yield variances by determination coefficient (R2) 0.79 and 0.78 for the first and second season respectively . Deep planting was superior compared with shallow planting in leaf area index and yield components excluding number of pods per plant . These were reflected on higher seed yield on 10 cm planting depth which were 4216 and 3780 kg /h for first and second season respectively .
100 seed weight higher contributed to yield variances by determination coefficient (R2) 0.64 and 0.66 for the first and second season respectively .
It could be concluded that 16 days water interval and 10 cm planting depth would be increase the productivity with best water use efficiency .

This experiment was conducted in the fields and storage unit of Horticulture Department , College of Agriculture , University of Baghdad , Abu-Ghraib , during fall 2006 and spring 2007 seasons using (Desiree and Ajiba) potato cultivars seed class (A) in fall season and in spring season using Desiree cultivar only class (Elite). In this experiment the effect of spring different calcium salts on storability of potatoes were tested. Three calcium salts (CaCl2.6H2O , Ca(NO3)2.4H2O and CaSO4.2H2O) were used at three concentrations, and 5 g CaCl2.6H2O / l was adopted as the recommended concentration . Solution of above mentioned salts was foliar applied twice , 45 days vegetative growth stage and second at tuber bulking stage. Tubers after harvest were exposed to curring, then stored in a 5 kg plastic mesh packs at 4 + 1oC and 85-90% RH for 90 days. Reconditioning for 10 days after storage was used .
In fall 2006 spraying of 5.86 g CaSO4.2H2O / L to Desiree CV reduced the percentage of microbial spoilage to (0.24%) whereas control with Ajiba CV treatment had the highest microbial spoilage (4.68%) whereas , in spring 2007 , spring of 5.86 g CaSO4.2H2O / l and spraying of 7.5 g CaCl2.6H2O / l treatments had the lowest percentage of microbial spoilage (0.36%) as compared with control which was (1.47%).
Spraying of 5 g CaCl2.6H2O to Desire treatment had lowest percentage of weight loss after reconditioning period (4.49%) , whereas in spring season spraying of 5 g CaCl2.6H2O / l treatment had the lowest percentage of weight loss (5.76%).
The highest tuber firmness after reconditioning period (23.51 kg / cm2) resulted from spraying of 5 CaCl2.6H2O / l to Desire cv. In fall season and in spring season the two treatments of spraying 3.91 CaSO4.2H2O / l and 5 g CaCl2.6H2O / l had the highest tuber firmness (25.44 and 25.23 kg/ cm2) respectively.
The conclusion the spraying of 5 g calcium chloride / L improved storability of potatoes during storage and reconditioning.

The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse (1000 m2) Technical Institute - AL-Mussaib during 2008- 2009 season to investigate the tow treatment and five levls of Humusoil ( 0.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ,7.0 ) cm3 / Liter on growth and yield of hybrid cucumber AL- Gazer using R.C. B .D design with four replicates. Results showed that the spray number, level of Humusoil and the interaction between the tow factors had, a signifecant effect on the growth and yield characteristics. The highest average of plant length, branshes, leave, fruits number per plant, fruit weight, early and total yield per glasshouse realized at interaction of 6.0 cm3 Humusiol / liter with three sprays which gave 180.2 cm, 11.9 branches, 164.4 leave, 70.2 fruits, 116.6 g., 0.991 and 9.811 ton /glasshouse.

Afield trill was conducted during winter season 2009-2010 AL-saha Q\Babylon to study the response of barseem to intercropping with barley by Dates and methods of planting and rates of seeding. The studied traits were plant height, leaf area, No. of leaves /plant , No. branches/plant ,No. of plant/m2 ,net asdsimilation rate, per. Leaves to stems , per of barseem, green weight yield dry weight and per protein
The experiment was arranged according to split-split plot design with three replicates ,the experiment was statistically analyzed according to analysis of variance and L.S.D was used for comparing means at probability of 5%. The following results were obtained :
The second date was superior in plant height ,agreen weight and yield matter weight except net asdsimilation rate. The rate of seeding (B2) was superior in all studied traits except no. plant /m2 . the method of planting (m3) was superior in all studied trait .
Results have shown significant difference in interaction between (first date x B2 ) in net asdsimilation rat ,(second date x B1) in per no. plant /m2 and (second date x B2) and per .leaves to stems, green weight and yield dry weight .there were interaction between (second date x M3) in all studied traits except .net asdsimilation rate .there were interaction between (BI x m3) in all studied trait except no .plant /m2 the results have shown significant difference in thirdly interaction (second date X B2 X M3) in all studied traits except net asdsimilation rate

The experiment conducted at location (10) kilometers to the north of the from Neinava governorate center. Seven durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf.) were used in this study, six of them were introduced from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, in addition to the local variety (Om-Rabee). The grains of the seven parents and their were grown during 2009 season. using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications .General and specific combining ability variances were estimated using Griffing analysis (1956); Method-2 , Fixed Model. The results showed, Significant differences at 1 % level between parents and their all characters ( plant height , number of spikes/plant, spike length, number of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield/plant. Griffing analysis revealed that the variance due to general combining ability and specific combining ability were significant at 1% level for all characters .The ratio of the general to specific combining ability components was more than one for all characters . The parents (6) and (7) were superior in general combining effects over the others ones for the most characters . The hybrids (6x2) , (5x1) , (6x1) exhibited significant combining ability effects for the most characters . The hybrids (6x2) , (6x1) were superior than others for heterosis for all characters in both methods.

Heritability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient diffrances and expected genetic improvement in Cotton Gossypium hirsutum L
Hybridization between six varieties (Marsomi 4 ,Lashata , Pamir , Ashour , Cocker 310 , Dun 120 ) and their three crosses were condacted in this study ,to find out heritability , genotypic and phenotypic coefficient diffrances and expected genetic improvement during selection . productive branch s number ,weight boll .gm ,bolls number, ,seed index gm ,fiber yield, ginning outturn , cotton yield gm\plant. Result show that the parent and single hybrids F2 resulted
in significant differences for the most of the characters studied becose genotypic and enviromantl effects , also the hight phenotypic coefficient correlation with high genetic coefficient in weight boll .gm and fiber yield, its cettain selection
importance for this traits in F2.Parent 2 gave high index seed 6.8 gm ,Parent 3 gave 59.3gm/plant in cotton yield trait,parent 4 gave 37.4% in ginning outturn
trait. Cross 5X6 gave highest heritability 87.33 % for productive branchs number and 85.26% for weight boll and expected genetic importance 24.86, 57.5 sequance , anther charactrestic was modurat in heritability and expected gentic importance except yield trait that was low in in heritability and expected gentic importance. Generally , expected gentic importance value was low during selection for most trait studied because the genetic variance was low

A field trial was conducted at the experimental farm , department of field crop sciences,College of Agriculture- university of Baghdad, Abu-ghraib in 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 seasons to investigated the effect of seeding rate120,180,and 240 kg . ha-1and rate application of herbicide Topic 125gm .ai. ha-1+ logran 250gma.ai.ha-1 and Topic 250 gm.ai. ha-1+logron 500 gm.ai. ha-1..
A randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to split- Plot with three replications. The following results could be summarized as fallowing :
The seeding rate 240 kg.ha-1gave lowest number of broad and narrow leaf weeds , and total weed ,were 10.7,8.6,19.3,10.6,8.3,and18.9 respectively in both seasons while the seeding rate 120 kg.ha-1 gave higher number of the weeds, were 24.6, 21.3, 45.9, 26.8, 22.3, and 49.1 plant.m-2 respectively also the seeding rate 240 kg.ha-1 caused reduced the dry weight of these weed .by 56.5%,72.4%,57.9%,60.4%,62.8%, and 61.5.respectively in both seasons according to lowest the seeding rates. These results caused increasing of component yield , number of spikes per meter by 544.3and 564.5 respectively in both seasons , yield of grain 5.38and 5.80 Ton.ha-1 respectively in both seasons.
The treatment full recommendation of Topic+Logran reduced number of broad ,narrow leaf weed , and total weed,by 3.0,2.5,5.5,2.4,1.7,and4.1 respectively in both seasons,and reduced dry weight of these weed by 92.9%,93.2%,93.1%,94.8%,95.7% and95.2% respectively in both seasons The interaction between seeding rate .and application rate of herbicide affected significantly in reducing the density of broad and narrow weeds and number of total weed and their dry weight of these weed, and increasing in spike number per meter , grain yield and biological yield . The interaction between 240 Kg.ha-1seeding rate and full recommendation of Topic + Logran gave the best result , of these characterisitics.
From these results we can conclusion that the wheat is positive response to study factors, so we can use competition method by increasing seeding rate to control a weed . instead of herbicide in order to keep clean enivornment.

The experiment was conducted during winter season of 2007 – 2008 in Sammawah city – south of Iraq. Phosphorus (TSP ) was applied at rates of ( 0 , 100 , 120 , and 140 kg / ha ) , while sulfur levels were ( 0 , 54 , 72 and 90 kg / ha ) . The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications . Data were collected to study plant height ( cm ), number of branches , number of capsules per plant , seed yield per plant ( gm ) and seed yield ( kg / ha) .Phosphorus levels have Significant differences on number of secondary branches, number of capsule / plant , seed yield per plant ( gm ) ) and seed yield ( kg / ha) . While sulfur levels have Significant differences on plant height ( cm ), number of capsules per plant , seed yield per plant ( gm ) and seed yield ( kg /ha)
The best result were obtained when use the combined application of 90 kg TSP / ha with 90 kg / ha sulfur .

This investigation includes evaluation of the excellence and goodness of the locality and important phosphatic fertilizers by determination of its content of phosphate in each of its two types ; the superphosphate and trisuperphosphate . For comparison the result we use two methods , the first one was a spectral method and the second one was a gravimetrical method ; in the former , the soluble phosphate was complexed to blue complex and by UV. VIS. spectroscopy , the content of its phosphate was determined by measuring the absorbance of its solutions at 870 nm , and treats these readings in a standardization curve of a standard acid ammonium phosphate solutions , by which the concentration of each sample had been determined . In the latter method , the phosphate was precipitated as a yellow precipitate of ammonium phosphate molybedate ( NH3)3 [ PO4 Mo12 O36 ] .
This study shows that the imported fertilizers , ( Russian DAB and Iranian DAB ) have acceptable percentage of phosphate and indetical to the world specifics of trisuperphosphate , whereas , the Jordanian DAB has low percentage of phosphate and the Iraqi and Iranian superphosphate have unacceptable percentage of phosphate . All the result from the two methods are agreed .
The solubility of these fertilizers in crowed water was done , and the results show that the solubility of Russian and Iranian DAB ( triphoshate ) are very good , whereas , the solubility of the others fertilizers are low .

This research includes the formation of a spherical ceramic objects with 1cm diameter, composed of Kaolin Dwekela , poly vinyl alcohol PVA, with the help of hydrochloric acid HCl and the formation of a ceramic objects with the same features of the previous objects with the addition of sawdust powder. Each type was divided into five groups were thermally treated with (1150,1200,1250,1300,1350)ºC. Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption and Bulk Density are calculated for each group by using the Archimedes principle, where the weight was measured for each sample when it dry (Wd), saturated with water (Ws) and immersed and saturated with water (Wi) . The results were compared and discussed graphically and statistically.

A total of 50 sample were collected , swabs from children mouthes who infected with oral thrush, their age ranged between new born to 8 years old, to isolate the yeast Candida albicans, in addition to the samples taken from soil, to isolate the apportunistic fungi were caused human diseases, the fungi were Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp.
Oil of Nigella saliva was extracted by hydrodistillation method using Glavenger apparatus, to study the effect of oil extracted of N. sativa against the growth of fungi, agar well diffusion method was used.
The highest percentage of inhibition was at the concentration of 50% of oil extracted, were 43.33% , 51.00% , 49.66% and 47.66% for the yeast Candida albicans, and the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp. and Alternaria sp., respectively, whereas Fusarium sp. was resistant for all concentration except 100%, where the percentage of inhibition was 14.00%.

This study was conducted in the laboratory, to assess the biological activity of the Crude alkaloid extract of Dianthus caryophyllus L. flowers on some biological aspects of the performance life of the Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium(Everts).
The present results revealed that crude alkaloid extract of the flowers had significantly affected the mortality of the different stages of Khapra beetleas follows: the average rate of mortality of the first , third larval instars pupae and adult insect were (95.2, 79.9, 87.0 and 72.3%), respectively, when treated with crude alkaloid extract at 5% concentration(50mg/ml).as compared with (20.3,17.2,14.3 and 7.9%) consequently, for the control treatment. It was found that the first larval instars was more susceptible than third larval instars, it was gave the highest mortality at different concentrations. Also a direct correlation was found between extract effectiveness and its concentrations

This study was included to know the infection percentage of tomato seeds rot and damping - off through field survey for some Karbala desert fields of tomato also to diagnose the causal agents, inoculum density and evaluate the ability of the chemical fungicide for its suppressive against them under labrotary and lathaus conditions.
Seeds protection and seedling The result of this survey have indicated spread of disease in all fields The infection percentage was rated from 18 – 30% . The identification and pathogenicity test revealed that Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium solani were the two main pathogens . The seeds germination percentage 42.5 , 55.0% , seeds rot percentage 35.8 , 34.3% , seedling damping – off percentage 100 , 86.3% for P.aphanidermatum and F.solani consequently. Inoculum density in the field soils rated from 0.02 – 1.82 x 104 for P.aphanidermatum and 0.03 – 0.84 x 104 for F.solani
The chemical fungicide (senomil) inhibited the growth of both pathogens in 0.1% comcentration at labrotary and caused significant decrease in disease incidence under lathaus conditions.

This study determined the concentrarion and accumulation of heavy metal (Iron, Lead, Cadimum and Manganese) in skin , gills and muscles two types of freshwater fishes (Aspius vorax and Barbus sharpeyi) that collected seasonally from the Euphrates river and appeared if the degree of metabolisim effect of that , the result appear that the metal concentrations in this study were variety in distribution and accumulation among study parts of fish , and the concentration of unessential metals as lead and cadmium was higher in Aspius vorax while their concentration (except lead) was higher in Barbus sharpeyi than Aspius vorax .
Generally Aspius vorax that feed on meat appear lower level from concentrations of essential metals (except muscle) and higher concentration from unessential metals than Barbus sharpeyi that feed on plants , and the accumulation of unessential metals in both species did not effect by degree of the metabolism but the accumulation of essential metals effects by type of feed and degree of metabolism . The pollution of fishes in this river by heavy metals maybe return to found concentration from it in this river that maybe from wastes industrial , domestic (sewage), agriculture (fertilizers and pesticides) and another effluents on the stream .
The result which found was significant there is different between metals in one species and between two species in level of probability 0.05 .

Experiment were carried out to investigate the effect of six extenders Modified kurokura (M.K) . Artificial seminal plasma(ASP) Kurokura Immobilizing Media Glucose + Nacl + NaHco3 Glucose + Tris An three cryoprotectant agents (imethyl sulfa oxide (DMSO) ME2SO , Methanol , Glycerol) on the spermatological property which are Total motility. Total viability(Duration of motility) /second Individual duration /second pH of seminal plasma Packed sperm volume (PCV)% Number of sperm x 109/ml3 of seminal plasma of pooled semen collected from proven selected brood stock males hormonally induce stripping at reproduction season (march , April ,may) 2008 in Babylon province Hatcheries . The milt was diluted at 1: 10 total volume extender and 10 % cryogen equilibrate fore 10 minute then packed in plastic straw 0.25 ml sealed with poly venial alcohol (PVA) and preserved by Cryopreservation at – 196 ºc in liquid nitrogen (LN2) tested monthly for spermatological property after thawing in water bath at 35 ºc for 110 second. This study showed a significant influence of extender and cryogen on the spermatological property of preserved semen , the optimum post thawing motility % after activation which is one of key that influence on fertilizing ability of sperm (which is the most spermatological property) when used the modified kurokura and artificial seminal plasma (54.44 ,52.77 ,47.22 ,41.11 ,33.33) (55.00 ,51.11 ,47.22 ,41.66 ,36.11)% respectively and the optimum result when used DMSO as cryoprotectant with extender contain salt and ions (54.44 ,52.50 ,48.61 ,41.66 ,36.11)% respectively while the optimum result when used the methanol with extender contain sugar – base (glucose) (51.11 ,49.16 ,45.27 40.55 ,30.61 )% respectively It is conclude from this study that long term cry preservation at -196 ºc can be successfully done . The present in formation will evently help in selecting good extender M. K and A.S.P and with DMSO as crygene and sugar extender and methanol for long term cryo presertion and improved artificial propagation in common carp fish’s .

This research aimed to the level of Veterinary Extension in all it is field and Developmental Contributors AL-Rashed Distrtct – Baghdad Governorate , . The process of Building the of Veterinary Extension Scale stages, these stages are: thefirst: Literatures&Folders Extension in field of farm animals, containing of three field ,eleven items .the second: A preliminary of Veterinary Extension Scale was showed to a group of experts and specialized persons in agricultural extension field ,veterinary & animal products, to express their opinions about fields and items of the of Veterinary Extension scale and its fitness.the. third:Used the tri of Veterinary Extension scale consists of Weak, Medium and Good , and put degrees of the tri scale Veterinary Extension according to:Weak 0 degrees , Medium 2 degrees and Good 3 degrees. The scale Veterinary Extension range between lower score 0 degree ,higher score 22 degrees and average 11 degrees.The research population is( 360breeder)divided to in (11 villages). Samples were chosen from both breeder and villages as follow : 1.A sample was randomly chosen using the stratified method a percentage of (5%) the numbers are (32 breeder ). 2. A sample was randomly chosen a percentage of (25%) the numbers are(3 villages). . A questionnaire used to collect datas from the sample.The statistical tools used are the percentages, correlation coefficient.
This research ended to the Veterinary Extension stands in the medium level. The research recommendations that aiming to support the Veterinary Extension in Services to the farm animals fields,that reflected a positive improving productivity and production of farming system.