IRAQ JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

This study was conducted at Babylon Reserve, located at AL-Mussaib city –Babylon Governorate, during 18/3/2016 to 18/7/2016 to determine the effect of supplemented Herbal methionine and compare with DL-methionine on some biochemical traits for Japanese quail blood. A total 240 females quail at age 8 week, of randomly divided to eight dietary treatments, three replicate per treatment, (10 females per replicate). The birds were fed during 16 week on basic diet and then the added herbal and dl-methionine. The treatment were as follows: T1: Control treatment (without supplementation of synthetic methionine). T2: Diet supplemented with 0.25 g dl- methionine /kg diet. T3: Diet supplemented with 0.5 g dl-methionine /kg diet. T4: Diet supplemented with 0.75g dl-methionine /kg diet. T5: Control treatment (without supplementation of herbal methionine). T6: Diet supplemented with 0.25 g herbal methionine /kg diet. T7: Diet supplemented with 0.50g herbal methionine/kg diet. T8: Diet supplemented with 0.75g herbal methionine /kg diet. The results showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in the concentrations for both glucose and protein in blood serum when interfere source of herbal methionine with concentration of 0.5 g/kg diet, while no significant effects for supplemented of methionine (Synthetic and herbal) in Uric acid, Cholesterol and enzymatic activity AST and ALT in Blood serum in for Japanese Quail during experimental period.

This experiment conducted at the poultry farm of Animal Production Department/ College of Agriculture/ University of Tikrit during the period from 13/7/2016 to 8/9/2016 for 56 days to study effect of adding different levels of Amla powder on the physiological characteristics of Japanese quail reared under heat stress conditions. 162 males and females of the Japanese quail were used at the age of 9 weeks divided randomly into six treatments groups by 18 female and 9 males each treatments with three replicates (six females and three males). Feed and water was ad libitum and the treatments of this study were:
T1: received standard diet (control treatment). T2andT3 received standard diet supplemented with 0.25 gm/kg diet vitamin C and 0.08 gm/kg diet Aspirin respectively,T4,T5 and T6 received diet supplemented with 1, 1.5 and 2 gm/kg diet Amla powder respectively.
The significant superiority (p<0.05) in the total number of red blood cells (RBC) in third and fourth treatments compared to the first, second and sixth, did not appear significant differences in hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and packed cells volume (PCV)between all study treatment groups , which reflected positively on the MCV and MCH average for the second and sixth treatment . H/L ratio significant reducing. Noted significantly increasing in total protein concentration for the first and second treatment as compared with other groups. While noted significantly decreasing in albumin, glucose and cholesterol concentration with adding Amla fruit powdered (T6). No significantly differences observed in GOT and GPT enzymes activity .About anti-oxidant statues, there were significantly improvement for T2 and T6 represented by rising GSH level and reducing MDA level compared with other treatments.

The experiment was conducted at the poultry farm, Department of Animal production, College of Agriculture/ University of Tikrit,during the period 20/9 - 9 /11/ 2016, The aim of the study was to compare the effect of using emitting diode LED, fluorescent and incandescent lamps on some of the productive characteristics and biometrics of internal organs of Japanese quail(Coturnix coturnix japonica) Hundred and eighty day old were used and divided in to three equally by 60 birds per treatments and divided each treatment to 6 replications of 10 birds each repeater slaughtered six birds of each treatments at the age of 7 weeks. The results showed no significant differences in the studied production traits. Emitter diode (LED) has provided twice as much power consumption compared to a fluorescent lamp and eight times as much as the incandescent lamp. The results showed a significant increase in the number of follicles in the T2 (fluorescent lamp) compared to the T3 (incandescent lamp).

This study was conducted at poultry farm, Animal Productive Department, Agriculture College, AlQasim Green University from 17/10/2014 To 27/11/2014 to evaluate of supplementation Betaine with the diet on some productive traits of Japanease quail exposed to heat stress. The trial began at the age of 8 days up to the age of 42 days , Three hundred unsexed birds were used . Birds were raised in cages and randomly distributed into 5 treatments , 3 riplicates in each treatment group , 20 birds for replicates . Birds were exposed to daily cyclic temperature (29-36.5-31.5)˚C . Treatments were as follows:
T1: Control treatment (without supplementation) . T2 : Diet supplemented with 500 mg betaine /kg diet . T3 : Diet supplemented with 1000 mg betaine /kg diet .
T4 : Diet supplemented with 1500 mg betaine /kg .T5 : Diet supplemented with 2000 mg betaine /kg diet .
The Results indicated that :
Betaine treatments were significant superior ( p<0.01) as compared to control treatment (T1) in mean final body weight at the age of 6 weeks . Total mean gain of birds in T2 ,T3 and T5 were higher as compared with that of T1. Significant improvement in feed conversion ratio was noticed in Betaine treatments as compared with control treatment T1 4th , 5th and 6th weeks age , as well as in total feed conversion ratio .

The study was conducted in a private farm of Kirkuk City for 35 days to study the effect of drenching different levels of Oleobiotec® in some physiologicalcharacteristics of broilers.In the experiment120 one-day old chicks Ross 308 were allocated into four treatments, each treatment included three replicates with 10 birds in one replicator. The chicks were randomly distributed to the treatments. T1: the first (control), the birds were drenched with empty capsules. The second (T2), the third (T3), the fourth (T4): The birds were drenched with capsules filled with Oleobiotec® at a concentration of 50, 100, 150 ppm, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis were as follows: Significant increase (p<0.05) inglucose, albumin, the relationship between the length of the cocoon and the depth of the cumin, No significant differences in the preparation of, RBC, WBC, Hb, PCV, rate of siz the cell, total protein, globulin, depth of crypts. And a significant decrease in the cholesterol, uric acid, GOT and GPT compared with control treatment.

This study was conducted at poultry farm in the Ministry of Science and Technology/Agricultural Research Directorate, Animal resources and fisheries center during the period from 23/3/2016 to 5/5/2016. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between growth hormone gene polymorphism and weight, weight gain and body composition in broiler (Ross 308). Blood samples collected randomly before slaughter from experimental birds at the age of six weeks. Genomic DNA was extracted and fragmented of 770 bp in size amplified using PCR –RFLP method. To determin the restriction site in intron 1of GH gene for the birds of the experiment, MspIendonuclease and the resultant digested products were run 1.7 agarose gel. Birds were slaughtered at six weeks of age and body composition also determined. treatment of the fragment at GH loci with MspI restriction enzyme was reveled A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2. According to the result, The genotype A1A1 recorded (529 and 241 bp), A1A2 (529, 373, 241 and 156), A2A2 (373, 241 and 156) respectively. The comparison of the least square means of different genotypes indicated that polymorphism in the GH gene was significantly associated with body weight, weight gain, leg weight, breast weight at six weeks of age (p <0.05). According to the results, GH gene could be candieted gene that can affect some body composition traits in broiler chickens (Ross 308).

The research was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of Creatine and Carnitine with their combination on some blood of Ross 308 broiler chicks. Atotal number of 450, one day old chicks were used in the research , those chicks were randomly alloted in to 9 equal treatments and each treatment included 2 equal replicates.Chicks were fed on diets supplemented with Creatine 100 and 200 mg/ kg and Carnintine 100 and 200 mg / kg with their combination by different doses. on the starter diet till 21 day, then transferred to the growing diet till 42 day.
Results illustrated a highly significant (p<0.01) effect of Carnitine on PCV and highly significant improvement of H/L. Mean while supplementation of Creatine plus Carnitineled to highly significant effect on total protein with highly significant reduction of glucose , cholestral and triglyceride in the plasma. More over Carnitine caused a highly significant effect on Newcastle and and Infectious Bronchitis antibody titer with significant (p<0.05) improvement of antibody titer against Infectious Bursal Disease.

This study was carried out at Poultry Farm, Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during the period from 27/9/2015 to 1/11/2015 to find out the effects of adding different levels of Red Ginseng plant roots powder to broiler diets on their some behavior properties under heat stress conditions, A total of three hundred one day old chicks of Ross 308 were randomly divided into four treatments (75 chicks/treatment) with three replicates (25 chicks/replicate). Chicks were fed on starter and finisher rations with 23 and 20% crude protein and 3027 and 3195.3 kcal/kg diet respectively, Supplemental four levels of Ginseng Root powder (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg diet) represensa treatments T1,T2,T3,and T4, respectively. Chicks were reared on floor and used continuous Lighting system for 23 hours a day and the temperature of the experiment were within range (27-30.4 C˚) and humidity (35-48%). Specific chemical detection of active compounds indicated the existence of phytochemical compounds, tanins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides.At 20 days of age , results showed there were no significant differences between all experimental treatments in duration moving from central square, number of lines crossed into open field and number of defecation. T4 recorded significant (p<0.05) increases at level for periods 1, 2 and 24 hours and level (P<0.01) at 0.5 and 4 hours for the test in number of attempts to jump. T2 and T4 showed significant (p<0.05) increase in number of attempts kept as bird inhabitants for all periods test (0.5,1,2,4 and 24) hour. While T1 has achieved significant (p<0.05) increase in time period for the survival of birds for all test periods (0.5,1,2,4 and 24 hour).It can be concluded that a300 mg of red ginseng plant roots powder/ kg feed (T2) exhibited the best results on behavior prameters.
key words: Red Ginseng- Root – stress - Broiler- behavior properties.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using different levels of flaxseed on blood physiological characteristics of male and female of broilers. A Total of One hundred twenty, unsexed day old broiler chicks (Ross-308) one day old, were allocated randomly into four treatment groups with three replicates each (5 males and 5 females/replicate). Treatments were: 1(control) no flaxseed supplementation while treatments 2, 3, and 4 were supplemented to diets with 12,14, and 16% respectively .
Results showed that using high levels of flaxseed in diet resulted in significant reduction in cholesterol, HDL, RBCs, and PCV, and non significant increase in LDL of blood serum of male broilers. While there were no significant increase in cholesterol and HDL, and noticed a significant increase in WBCs, RBCs, and PCV, and a significant reduction in LDL of the blood serum of female broilers in comparison with control group. It was noticed that the raise of flaxseed in broiler diet led to raising the level of blood cholesterol to HDL in males blood serum on the opposite of female chicks. Results also referred a positive relationship between cholesterol blood serum with (HDL of males and females), (LDL of females), (VLDL of both males and females), and (TG of males). There were Positive relationship reduction between cholesterol and male and female HDL serum, and between female LDL and males & females VLDL and male TRC. There were Positive relationship reduction of PVC and RBCs observed of two sexes, and reduction H/L compare to WBCs of males serum.
In conclusion the addition of flaxseed to the diets of broiler males resulted in significant improvement in some biochemical and physiological compared to female broiler .

This study was conducted at Poultry Farm Animal Production Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Abu Ghraib, for the period from 18/9/2016 t0 30/10/2016. The objective of this study was investigated the effect of adding different levels of β-Mannanase enzyme to The diet Containing 50% of wheat on productive and some characteristics of the carcass of broiler chickens A total of 450 unsexed Ross 308, one day old was used in This experiment. chicks were fed on starter for 1 - 10 day of age the birds and Grower diet for 11-24 day of age the birds and finisher diet for 25-42 day of age the birds, Bird was distributed on six treatments: The first T1 control (without any addition 0% β-Mannanase enzyme) The Second T2 (0.025% β-Mannanase enzyme) Third T3(0.05 β-Mannanase enzyme) fourth T4 (0.075 β-Mannanase enzyme) fifth T5 (0.1 % β-Mannanase enzyme) sixth T6 (0.125% β-Mannanase enzyme). The results indicated of this study that The Use β-Mannanase in The diet concentration (0.05 %) (T3) led to significant (p<0.05) improvement in body weight, average body weight gain and not observed significant differences in feed conversion ratio and feed intake, The results also showed significant improvement in carcass weight and dressing percentage for the third treatment (T3) containing (0.05% of the enzyme), The results showed that the increase in the proportion of added enzyme (0.1%) has led to significant increase in the relative weight of the wings and neck.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of feed ingredients and moisture content of the diet prepared as chickens diet pellets on some specific characteristics of the feed pellets: pellet durability %, pellet stability in water %, fragmentation % and dust %. Two kinds of diets were uses, namely diet 1 and diet 2 with three levels of moisture valued 32.0 and 37.3 and 42.7%. The data were analyzed statistically according to an factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Each treatment changes in feed components led to a significant effect on the durability and pellet stability in the water and dust proportion but did not show significant effect in the percentage of fragmentation of particles. Also increased moisture feed from 32.0 to 37.3 and to 42.7% showed a significant effect on the durability and stability of the pellet in the water and the percentage of fragmentation of pellet particles while had not shown significant effect in the dust ratio.

This experiment was conducted in Poultry Field of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Research, Abu Ghraib for period from 9/1/2017 up to 3/4/2017, to study the effect of partial or total replacement of corn gluten meal substitute with soybean meal and using Phytase enzyme on productive Performance of Laying hens Nine hundred layer hens (ISA Brown) at 22 week of age were used in the experiment. The birds were randomly distributed to 10 treatments with three replicates per treatment (30 bird/replicate). control group T1 were fed on basal diet without any supplementation , T2 control diet added to phytase enzyme ,the treatments T3, T4, T5 and T6 erplaced in which the gluten substitute of Soybeen meal levels at 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively , the treatments T7, T8, T9 and T10 Similarity of treatments T3, T4, T5 and T6 respectively with addition the phytase enzyme.
The results revealed no significant differences between the percentage of egg production (H.D%) and the cumulative number of eggs except for T5 and T6 which decreased significantly compared with T2 during total production period, As wellas T8 recorded signifycant superiority in eggs weight compared with other treatment except treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 in the total productive period, and decreased consumption of feed when use the more of corn gluten. There is no significant differences between treatments in trait of feed conversion coefficient and the treatment T1, T6 and T8 have been recorded Lower Values.

This study was aimed to evaluate of oil emulsified vaccine against infectious bronchitis and Newcastle diseases that prepared for the first time in Iraq from strains were isolated from broilers. A total (5000, 4500, 6000,4500) broiler chicks were distributed in four broilers farms in different areas of Iraq (Baghdad/Al-Taji 1, Baghdad/Al-Taji 2, Karbala, Waset) respectively which were previously highly infected areas with Infectious bronchitis and Newcastle diseases. The vaccinated chicks were monitored from 1 to 35 days of age. Blood samples were taken at (7, 14, 21, 28 and 35) days of age.
Statistical results showed significant (p≤ 0.05) differences in the immune response of the chicks that were vaccinated chicks with the local inactivated bivalent vaccine (experimental vaccine) by using ELISA. The results revealed a significant high level of antibody titer against IB and ND (each alone) in serum of chicks that vaccinated with the experimental vaccine compared with chicks that vaccinated with commercial inactivated bivalent vaccine at 21, 28 and 35 days of age. These results proved the possible protection of commercial chickens by production oil based IB ND vaccine from locally isolated field strain.

This study was conducted at the Poultry Farm, Department of Animal Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, during the period from 21/2/2013 to 9/7/2013. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effect of supplementation of organic and inorganic selenium to the diet on certain seminal plasma traits of Lohman hens roosters. 63 males of Lohman Brown- Classsic at 22 weeks old were used in this experiment. Birds were reared at the cages, and randomly distributed into 7 treatment groups with 3 replicates in each treatment group, so (3 roosters for replicates; 9 roosters for treatment). Control group T1 were fed on basal diet with no selenium supplementation, and inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) were supplemented to treatments, T2, T3 and T4 levels at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 mg / kg feed respectively, and organic selenium (sel-plex) were supplemented to treatments, T5, T6 and T7 levels at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 mg / kg feed respectively. Supplementation of organic selenium (sel-plex) and inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) was used from (22) weeks of age until the end of the experiment, at 39 weeks of age.The results showed that there was significant improvement in seminal plasma traits which included, concentration of each of (glucose , total protein , HDL , LDL , GSH, GSH-PX, MDA) that have added selenium, with superiority of the effect of supplementation of organic selenium compared with inorganic selenium,the improvement in these traits can be reflected in semen quality and then improving fertility.

The survey was conducted to detect and identify of antibiotic residues in animal food from animal source products , animal serum and feed ,analysis were completed in the Public Health and Food Safety Lab./CVL/Veterinary Directorate.
Antibiotics residues investigated (sulfonamide, gentamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, neomycin) using a ELISA technique, total number of samples were (200), samples collected from (Karbala, Babil, Wassit) and also Baghdad (red meat and serum (sheep, cows) from the local slaughterhouse, imported red & poultry meat, poultry feed received t laboratories and research department .
The results showed that most of the examined sample contained different ratios of antibiotics studied compared to internationally limits including neomycin while other samples contains high residue of tetracycline residue in animal serum which slaughter outside slaughterhouses were (413.09 ppb) in sheep serum, (358.46ppb) calves serum and (358.46ppb) for the poultry serum which indicates that farmer don’t obligated with enough of secretion of drug residue, regarding poultry feed a maximum percentage of sulfonamide was 901.78ppb higher than the allowed concentration of 100ppb, meat poultry and poultry imported liver the results showed the highest value was (360.71 ppb) and (127.45ppb) respectively, but the remaining samples that within the limits allowed limits in the Codex .

This study was carried out to investigation mycotoxigenic fungi presence in imported animal feed because of its negative impact on animal health then its effect on human health via consumption of animal products which it contaminated with these mycotoxins. A total of (66) Sample of imported animal feed were collected from border points and examined for total fungal count test, isolation and identification fungi genera and mycotoxins concentration test. Results indicated the fungal infection was in (45) Sample of total samples at (68%) and isolated 96 isolates to 5 genus: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Rhizopus and the genera Aspergillus, isolated 4 species: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigates , Aspergillus terreus.
The corn was more samples in its content to 43 isolates and both of brid feed and dog feed were less samples in its content to 2 isolates.
The most prevalent fungi genus was Aspergillus flavus (27) isolates at (28%) and all isolates of Aspergillus flavus were aflatoxin-producing strains while less prevalent fungi genus was Aspergillus terreus (5) isolates at (5%).
It observed occurrence of Total aflatoxin in (41) samples, occurrence of T2/HT2 toxin in (40) samples and occurrence of ochratoxin in (64) samples.
From results of this study we conclude the gravity isn’t in mycotoxins occurrence only but in mycotoxigenic fungi presence because when the suitable conditions were available for mycotoxins production, these fungi will producing it which led to increases its concentrations with the time when non control on suitable storage conditions within long storage period and must be attention about presence of mycotoxins types under study combined in same sample and that is known there are accumulation which increases of exposure risk to these mycotoxins then cancer diseases infection especially risk and pathologicity of these mycotoxins do not infected animal only but transmitted to human.

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented feed on the intestinal morphology and histology of broiler chicks. . A total of 360, one day old, Ross308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned (CRD) into six treatment groups. Chicks in the six treatment groups were fed as follow: (T1) Control group fed on dry feed, (T2) Fed on wetting feed (1:1, feed: water), (T3) 25% fermented feed + 75% dry feed, (T4) 50% fermented feed + 50% dry feed, (T5) 75% fermented feed + 25% dry feed, (T6) 100% fermented feed throughout the experimental period. Each treatment group was replicated three times with 20 chicks per each replicate. The chicks were raised in a temperature and humidity controlled room with a 24-h. constant light schedule and ad. libitum access to water and feed throughout the experimental period which was lasted for six weeks. The data showed that feeding wet and fermented feed were significantly (p<0.05) increased the relative weight and length of the small intestine including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca. A Significant increase (p<0.05) in villi height, crypt depth, villi height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In conclusion, the results of the current experiment indicated that feeding fermeuted diets could improve the intestinal structure of the broilers, enhance villus height and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

The present study was carried out to evaluate different feedstuff sources (corn- or wheat-soybean), complex exogenous enzyme and/or probiotics supplementation to broiler diets. A total of nine hundred and sixty sexed broiler chicks were used in this study. Chicks were randomly distributed into 32 pens (30 Ross 308 chicks per pen). For each sex, 16 replicate pens were allocated. Eight dietary treatments were formulated in three phases feeding regimen: The treatments were as follows: (T1 and T5) Control group (0.0%, no enzyme or probiotic addition), T2 and T6) the corn- or wheat-based diet supplemented with 0.02% exogenous enzyme (EE), T3 and T7) the corn- or wheat-based diet supplemented with 0.10% probiotics (P) and T4 and T8 ) the corn- or wheat-based diet supplemented with 0.12% of combination of EE+P fed for both sexes. Body weight (BW), gain (BWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR) was studied. In general, birds (males or females) fed wheat based-diets either alone or supplemented with exogenous enzyme complex and /or probiotics achieved significantly (p<0.0001) greater BW, BWG and FCR than counterparts fed on corn-based diets at all ages studied. Supplementation of enzyme and probiotics to birds fed corn –based diets had negative effect on BWG from 1to 21d of age, but from 22 to 42 d of age supplementation with exogenous enzyme achieved greater BWG over control group. Whereas, supplementation of probiotics to wheat-based diets showed positive significant effect on BWG at all ages in males, but not in females. Neither enzyme supplementation nor probiotics have positive effect on FCR with two types of cereals based diets. The most negative effects were shown in group fed either corn- or wheat-based diets supplemented with combinations of enzyme and probiotics. In conclusions, with respect to Ross-308 broilers, birds fed on wheat-based diets showed significant improvements in performance than those fed corn-based diets. In general, the efficency of enzyme and probiotics use is negligible with corn-based diets, whereas, only probiotics detected beneficially with wheat-based diets.

Avian infectious laryngeotracheitis is one of the important diseases which was newly emerged in Iraq, therefore this study was aimed to detect specific antibodies against avain infectious laryngeotracheitis in unvaccinated layer flocks within Baghdad province for the period between March to May 2017, to highlight the epidemiology of disease and its spread progress within the region. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assey (ELISA) technique was adopted as the main methodology in this study. Blood samples were collected from chicken aged 3-80 weeks were received from different avian flocks located within the investigated area. The results showed positive (312 samples) from 455 in total with a percentage of infection 68.75%. The study also indicates a highest percentage of infected (78.98%) birds aged (11-40 weeks). However, birds with 3-10 and 41-80 weeks of age showed less pronounced infection status. The results also showed that only two laying hens were infection free among all 31 examined flocks when 14 flocks were fully infected, the percentage of infected flocks reached up to 93.45%. The infection appears mostly in Abu-Ghrab and Al-Tagi.

A total of multiple random samples 88 milk sample from buffalo; 10 lung sample from cattle; 30 lung and trachea samples from sheep; 63 lung, nasal swabs, and milke samples from goats; 126 lung and trachea sample from layer and 177 lung and trachea samples from broiler, were immediately cultured for primary isolation. This report describes the development of a new diagnostic test based on PCR of the 16 Sr RNA gene with Mycoplasma specific primers and separation of PCR product according to primary sequence using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) DNA product from ruminants and poultry were submitted to the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratory Agency, UK, to confirm diagnosis by DGGE/ PCR.