Dijlah Journal

The Aims of Research know the importance of the role of anticipatory imagination in enhancing knowledge management. The main research problem was represented by the important question (Is there a correlation and influence relationship between anticipatory imagination and knowledge management? To explain the relationship between the research variables, two main hypotheses formulated for correlation, influence, and sub-hypotheses derived from them. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive analytical approach was used to survey the opinions of a number of teaching staff working in various scientific departments at the University of Al Maaref College. The sample included (67) individuals from the total community more then (300). The intentional sampling method used and their opinions were surveyed according to a valid questionnaire form. To analyze the data, the statistical program (SPSS) and (EXCEL) used. Among the statistical methods used are (Spearman correlation coefficient), and the simple linear regression coefficient). The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a high level of anticipatory imagination in enhancing knowledge management. There are a significant correlation with a direct effect between anticipatory imagination and knowledge management. The research concluded with recommendations.

A false impression is based on the beliefs of many writers, and even some constitutional law scholars, regarding the Imami Shi\'a regarding the responsibility of the head of state. While it is possible to excuse this error in their conception of the infallible imamate, given the Shi\'a belief in the infallibility of the imams, they have misunderstood the meaning of infallibility and have not taken the Shi\'a position from Shi\'a scholars and their reliable sources, as required by the scholarly method. However, we find no justification for this excuse when the error extends beyond the Shi\'a belief today regarding the guardianship of the jurist or the permissibility of others, other than mujtahids, assuming the office of government, even though no one believes in the infallibility of these imams at all. This false impression we are discussing—the claim that the Imam, or head of state, according to the Imami school of thought, possesses absolute immunity and is not accountable—is incorrect, both with regard to the theory of infallible Imamate and with regard to the Imami school of thought\'s theory of governance during the era of the infallible Imam\'s occultation, according to the statements and opinions of the Imami Shia jurists, from whom the ruling on this issue should be taken. We have chosen to examine the issue of accountability of the ruler in the Islamic system and the position of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore, the study was divided into two sections. The first section addressed Shia Islamic jurisprudence\'s recognition of the principle of accountability of the ruler and the foundations upon which it is based. The second section addressed the removal of the head of state in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. We then concluded our study with the most important findings, presenting a list of the sources relied upon in the research.

This research reviews the mechanisms for developing public policies to combat information crimes within the framework of enhancing digital security, and aims to provide a future vision for achieving a safe and sustainable digital environment for individuals and institutions. The research includes an analysis of the current status of information crimes, including their patterns, causes, and effects on societal and economic security. The research emphasizes the importance of taking practical and forward-looking steps to improve public policies in this field, taking into account rapid technological progress and the challenges it entails. It recommends developing flexible and adaptable systems to emerging threats, ensuring the sustainability of digital security for current and future generations.

The surrealist film acquired its essence and character through its exploitation of the repercussions of the channels of consciousness and the subconscious, expressing buried thoughts within the self and the subconscious, and venting their events and the flow of their images through its aesthetic inspiration from the duality of the concept of the visible and the invisible in a harmonious, solidary relationship represented by form and content. Here, the creator of the work seeks, in his surrealist propositions, to create and innovate unfamiliar cinematic images by employing the method of composition, alienation, and transcendence from prevailing reality. This is to convey and achieve many intellectual and psychological meanings and conclusions, and to deepen the mental vision of the recipient. All of this allows for a space for reflection on what we see, which in turn directs the recipient to interrogate the visible and analyze its apparent physical characteristics according to invisible images that emerge through reading and analyzing connotations and interpreting signs and symbols. All of these are formed here in imaginary systems far removed from the frameworks and assumptions of reality, and through the introduction of new relationships, most of which are derived from dreams, whether awake or asleep, or from the association of thoughts that are not subject to the logic of cause and effect. In accordance with this content and meaning, The research is divided into four chapters. The first chapter dealt with (the methodological framework), which included the research problem, which was represented by the following question: What are the aesthetic aspects in the embodiment of the duality of the visible and the invisible in the structure of the surrealist film? It also included the importance of the research and the need for it, and then the research objective, which is to reveal the aesthetic aspects of the duality of the visible and the invisible and their interactive relationship in the structure of the surrealist film. The second chapter (the theoretical framework) included three topics: The first topic: Surrealism, its philosophy and origins. The second topic: The concept of the visible and the invisible in art. The third topic is: Representations of the visible and the invisible in the surrealist film. The researcher came out of this framework with indicators that were adopted as a tool to analyze the research sample. The third chapter contained (research procedures), followed by the fourth chapter, which included (results and conclusions), and finally a list of sources.

Honor crimes are one of the types of crimes that the Iraqi legislator has been interested in, as he addressed its elements and the conditions for its investigation, as well as the most important aggravating circumstances surrounding these crimes. Then came Article 398 of the Iraqi Penal Code to clarify the mitigating excuse for perpetrators of this type of crime. In this research, we have shown the crime of rape as an example of these crimes, and we have shown the effect of Article 398 on the perpetrator and the victim and the extent of its reflection on the security, safety and stability of society.

The inclusive relationship between art and culture has achieved established values related to the self and identity. This relationship has expanded with the rise of technology to enter the category of cultural economy, which necessitated the opening of contemporary creative products to the world of the market and trade, achieving economic movement and recovery that contributed to art entering a new threshold by transforming ideas into commodities as a measure to undermine the transcendent values of art and direct it within the consumer culture of contemporary life. Accordingly, the research topic entitled (Cultural Economy and its Applications in Contemporary Art) included four chapters. The first included (the methodological framework of the research), while the second chapter included the theoretical framework that discussed two topics. The first was entitled (Cultural Economy - Conceptual Approaches), while the second topic was entitled (Production Conditions of the Cultural Economy in Contemporary Painting), while the third chapter was devoted to research procedures, and finally the fourth chapter included the results and conclusions.

This study examines the right to vote in Iraq as outlined in the 2005 Constitution of the Republic of Iraq. It explores the legal provisions governing voting rights and conditions, as well as the constitutional standards ensuring free and fair elections. The research also analyzes legislative developments affecting electoral practices and the challenges facing Iraq’s electoral system. Additionally, it proposes solutions to enhance democratic participation and ensure compliance with international standards.

The current research is concerned with studying how to (use perlite to produce glass using the single-fire technique) applied to unfired Dweikhla clay models to produce glazed pieces using the single-fire technique, as it is a widely used technique among leading international companies compared to the double-fire technique. The current study included five chapters. The first chapter included the research problem, its importance, the research objective, and its limits. The second chapter was concerned with explaining the oxides used in glass, as well as explaining the classifications of glass in terms of its low-temperature and high-temperature temperatures. The researcher also addressed explaining and defining perlite as the main component of the glass mixtures that were used in the research, as well as the materials added to it from palm frond ash and kaolin. After that, the researcher addressed explaining the advantages of single-fire glass-firing techniques and the extent of their importance in saving time and effort for the potter, as they provide speed in work and greater productivity than the traditional double-fire method, which requires more time and effort. Then, the fourth chapter focused on explaining the results of the firing that appeared for the potter and displaying the models that The research was conducted on it, then the conclusions, recommendations and suggestions were made.

The study aimed to compare digital and traditional accounting information systems in terms of effectiveness and suitability in private sector institutions in Iraq. A descriptive analytical approach was used, and a questionnaire was distributed to a study sample consisting of (185) accountants, accounting managers, and financial managers in private sector institutions (private joint stock) in Baghdad Governorate. (181) questionnaires were retrieved, after eliminating (2) questionnaires that contained missing values and (4) questionnaires that were not suitable for analysis due to their extreme values. The final total was (175) questionnaires. The study found significant differences in the superiority of digital accounting information systems over traditional systems in effectiveness and suitability. The study also showed significant differences in the superiority of digital accounting information systems over traditional systems in information accuracy, processing speed, and information analysis. The study also found significant differences in the superiority of digital information systems in adapting to variables, information availability, implementation costs, and information security and protection in private sector institutions (private joint stock). In Iraq.

The main objective of the study was to assess the role of good governance practices in enhancing the provision of services in public institutions in Iraq. The researcher used the descriptive design due to his ability to provide more explanations about how these schools perform various practices related to corporate governance. The Iraqi Postal Company from all administrative levels, and due to the large size of the community and the difficulty of covering it fully, the researcher will choose a sample of the community representing (100) individuals, and the sample will be selected by the simple random method. The current study agreed with the majority of previous studies in the results of the study in terms of the significant impact of transparency, responsibility and response and participation in the provision of services, but the current study was distinguished by the gathering and study of these variables, as very little research was conducted to determine the link between governance and service provision

The study aimed to know the role of emotional marketing in its dimensions of environmental analysis, market research, and service design in customer delight for a sample of Iraqi Islamic banks. To achieve the objectives of the study, the inductive approach was adopted, as a questionnaire consisting of (26) paragraphs was developed. A random sample of (117) employees in (the National Islamic Bank, International Development Bank, and the Iraqi Islamic Bank) was selected. The results were analyzed using the (SPSS) program and descriptive statistics tools. It was concluded that the banks under study employ emotional marketing to increase customer delight. The most prominent recommendations of the study were the necessity for private bank administrations to adopt emotional marketing to meet the needs and requirements of customers and provide services that meet the needs of the customer and thus his delight.

The importance of the research stems from demonstrating the performance of the banking system in participating in enhancing financial inclusion to achieve economic growth, as development requires the availability of a set of means to achieve it, including improving the performance of the banking system and facing the challenges and problems facing the strategies that contribute to supporting bank financing for the economic sectors in Iraq. The main reason appears in the weakness of financing management and the failure to invest those funds and direct them towards sectors that enhance economic growth. Despite providing government and private banks with financing that they rely on to bridge the deficit in financing economic sectors and projects, it did not achieve the desired goal of enhancing financial inclusion, not to mention the shortcomings in preparing strategic development plans that include detailed plans related to the use of bank credit, cash liquidity, and idle and hoarded savings to enhance financial inclusion. The challenges facing the banking system are multiple in the absence of a clear plan approved in distributing bank financing for development plans and enhancing financial inclusion. The research hypothesis is that banking performance has a positive impact on enhancing financial inclusion when following an appropriate financial strategy. Statement on addressing the initiatives of the Iraqi banking sector regarding the good distribution of financing and determining a clear forward-looking vision for the banking system that requires developing its activities and credit services to enhance financial inclusion. The research came out with several conclusions, including the lack of initiatives and strategies related to banking financing for productive economic sectors in Iraq, despite the provision of government and private banks with financing that aims to bridge the financing deficit for economic sectors. The most important recommendations are the need to amend banking policies and procedures to include elements of financing directed to productive economic projects and financial inclusion.

The research aims to identify the role of spiritual leadership and its impact on enhancing the innovative behavior of a sample of managers in the Ministry of Health - First Karkh Health Department. Spiritual leadership was examined through its sub-dimensions (vision, hope/faith, altruistic love, meaning, and membership), while innovative behavior was tested through its sub-dimensions (opportunity exploration, idea generation, idea promotion, and idea implementation). The research relied on the questionnaire as a main tool to obtain the required data. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that the managers in the ministry under study are committed to the ministry’s vision and seek to achieve it by instilling confidence and conviction among employees in that vision and making it clear and inspiring to employees.

The research aims to explore the impact of digital transformation on the quality of banking services in Iraq, focusing on the opportunities and challenges associated with this transformation. It highlights the importance of adopting digital technology in the banking sector to improve efficiency, facilitate access to services, and enhance the customer experience. It also discusses the key challenges facing Iraqi banks, such as technological infrastructure, cybersecurity, and the ability to keep pace with global developments. A comprehensive analytical methodology based on a review of recent literature and field studies was used to assess the extent of digital transformation implementation in Iraqi banking institutions. The results indicate that digital transformation represents a significant opportunity to advance the banking sector, but it faces obstacles that require innovative strategies and effective solutions. The study concludes with practical recommendations to enhance the adoption of digital technology, such as improving technical infrastructure and developing employees' digital skills. It also raises awareness of the importance of digital transformation. It also highlights the importance of public-private partnerships to support digital transformation and achieve sustainability in the development of the Iraqi banking sector.

Judicial rulings are a fundamental pillar in achieving justice in modern societies, as they represent the final legal resolutions for disputes between individuals or different entities. In this context, newly arising cases hold particular significance because they introduce unprecedented legal issues that may result from social, economic, or technological developments, making them a challenge for the judiciary. These cases require an in-depth study of legal texts and, in some instances, judicial discretion to bridge legislative gaps caused by their complexities.
This research examines and analyzes the concept of judicial rulings in newly arising cases, shedding light on the methodologies followed by judges in addressing such issues, with a focus on the role of judicial discretion in resolving emerging legal dilemmas. The study begins by reviewing the theoretical framework of judicial rulings and newly arising cases, addressing their nature, types, and the major challenges they pose to the legal system. It also explores the fundamental principles considered when issuing judgments in these cases, such as the rule of law, justice, fairness, and the public interest.
Through an in-depth analysis of practical examples and real-life cases, the research demonstrates how legal texts are applied to new circumstances, highlighting the role of judicial discretion as a key tool for legal system development. The study illustrates how judges deal with legislative gaps that may arise due to the complexity of newly arising cases and how such rulings can positively impact trust in the legal system while maintaining a balance between societal progress and legal stability.
The research concludes that judgment in newly arising cases is not merely a process of applying legal texts but rather a dynamic process requiring a profound understanding of social and economic realities, along with the courage to exercise discretion in interpreting legal provisions to achieve justice. It also emphasizes the need to develop legislation to be more flexible and adaptable to emerging challenges. Furthermore, it recommends enhancing judicial training and improving the legal qualifications of judges to enable them to handle newly arising cases efficiently and effectively.
Thus, the study underscores the importance of judgments in newly arising cases as a crucial element in the development of the legal system and the achievement of justice in a society undergoing constant change.

The research entitled "Normal Personality Among Students of the College of Education for Humanities / Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences" aims to study and identify the characteristics of normal personality among students of this department, as normal personality is considered an important part of sound psychological and educational development. The research focuses on understanding the psychological and social factors that contribute to building a normal personality, in addition to how educational curricula and educational activities in the college affect the development of personality traits among students. The research relies on a descriptive analytical approach, as it collects data from a sample of students, analyzes the characteristics that these students possess, and measures the extent of their compatibility with the standards of normal personality. The research aims to provide universities and specialists with recommendations on how to enhance the building of normal personality among students to improve their psychological and social compatibility and prepare them to face academic and life challenges.

Today, the housing crisis is a global problem that many developed and developing countries suffer from alike. This problem has appeared significantly in developing countries, including Iraq, due to the population increases that have led to an imbalance between the number of housing units and the need for them. The importance of this crisis has increased and its dimensions have worsened sharply, especially during this period due to the absence of planning and development in Iraq. Therefore, studying this crisis in Baghdad Governorate is an urgent necessity; as it is one of the basic problems facing the governorate. Due to the economic and social importance of housing for the population.

The research deals with studying the role of applying artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to improve the accuracy of digital budgets in the Commercial Bank of Iraq (TBI). The descriptive analytical approach was used, and the questionnaire was relied upon to collect data, by distributing the questionnaire to the study community, which includes all employees of the Commercial Bank of Iraq (TBI). A purposive sample of 386 individuals from the employees of the Commercial Bank of Iraq was selected. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 to extract the results, which showed the following: There is a role for applying artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to improve the accuracy of digital budgets in the Commercial Bank of Iraq (TBI), and there is a role for applying artificial intelligence techniques to improve the accuracy of digital budgets, as well as a role for machine learning to improve the accuracy of digital budgets. The researcher also presented a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which are: Developing the electronic programs approved by the Commercial Bank of Iraq (TBI) in preparing the digital budget in line with the rapid and significant technological development in artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies witnessed by global banks, with continuous training of human cadres to enable them to keep pace with this development in programs and technical equipment.

The family is considered the natural and basic environment and the primary station in the individual's social life, as it occupies the first place in providing him with integrated care, and in providing him with mechanisms and skills of social adaptation by exercising its main function, which is socialization, by preparing him for life to ensure that he adapts to his social environment. This research comes to show the role of family upbringing in the formation of the child's social personality by highlighting the importance of the family providing the appropriate environment for its growth and formation, and its awareness of the weight of its task in raising it. And prepare it properly and balanced, in addition to providing it with the values and standards of social action that suit the cultural and doctrinal specificity of society... etc., and the current problem revolves around the most important mechanisms adopted by the family in the formation of the child's social personality and the role played by the healthy family atmosphere in building the child's normal personality. The study found that the integration of philosophy in education contributes to the formation of a child capable of questioning, analyzing, and making informed moral decisions, which promotes building more aware and progressive societies. The results also showed that the challenges lie in the need to adapt philosophical concepts to different age groups, and to train educators on the tools of applied philosophy.

The current research aims to identify the effect of using educational complexes on the achievement of social studies among first-year middle school students. The researcher assumed that there are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) in the achievement test of social studies among students in the experimental group (who study using educational complexes) and students in the control group (who study using the traditional method(
The researcher relied on the experimental method for its convenience to the nature of the work and considered it as the experimental design. The population of the research consisted of the first-grade intermediate female students in Makhmoor District for the academic year 2024-2025. Zuhor AlReef secondary school was selected deliberately and section (A) was selected to represent the experimental group that studied using the Complexes Learning Strategy and included (35) students. While the control group (35 students) was represented by section (B) that studied using the traditional teaching and thus the total number of the sample individuals was (70) female students. The research community was determined, which consisted of first-year middle school female students in Makhmour District for the academic year (2024-2025), The researcher conducted equivalence between the two groups in the following variables: intelligence test, chronological age of the students calculated in months, mid-year exam score for social studies for first-year middle school students for the academic year (2024-2025), fathers’ education level, and mothers’ education level.
The researcher prepared the achievement test, which in its final form consisted of (45) multiple-choice items. The apparent validity of the test was confirmed by presenting it to a committee of arbitrators. The test’s reliability reached (0.89), which is high reliability.
The results showed the effectiveness of using educational groups in achieving social studies among first-year middle school students. The researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions, including emphasizing the use of educational complexes in teaching social studies at different educational levels, as they are modern and effective, and conducting a similar study that can be applied to other educational levels.