Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

Part I\'ve included an introduction and the importance of research, as the researchers pointed through it that there is a modern teaching methods provide for the students of the Faculty of Education an atmosphere of excitement and suspense and make him the educational process axis and that discovery-oriented, who works or leads to student occupancy in the discovery process methods and the essence of this method is the special relationship that develops between teacher and student and through which leads the successive questions from to reach responses by the student and that fit with these questions the research problem Vtl_khas that there is no method of teaching a perfect fit to teach skills or sporting events in general and the teaching skills of fencing in particular the same efficiency
The main objectives of the research to identify the impact of the use of guided discovery method to teach some skills in epee fencing game The main hypotheses are:
- That education using guided discovery method to teach some skills in epee fencing game a positive impact on teaching skills.
The areas of research are:
- The human sphere: (10) students of the third stage College of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Basrah
- Temporal sphere: for the period from 10/21/2014 until 10/01/2015.
- Spatial domain: Fencing Hall at the College of Education and Science of physical sport Basra University.
The second section was contained theoretical studies and similar studies
- Theoretical studies included guided discovery method as well as address some of the skills in epee fencing
The third chapter dealt with field research methodology and procedures
Researchers experimental method has been used by preparing a curriculum has been applied on the sample of 10 students of the third phase of the College of Education and Science of physical sport the University of Basra for the year 2014-2015 has been the curriculum lasted for 8 weeks and by educational unit Week
Part IV: Results, analysis and discussion
The most important conclusions
- That the educational curriculum using guided discovery method to teach some skills in epee fencing game affect positively on teaching skills.
The most important recommendations
- The need to use new unconventional instruction where the student enters the educational hub of the process on the one hand and on the other hand, the use of educational technology as a means to help facilitate and speed up the learning process as a method of guided discovery and other methods to teach skills epee fencing methods.

Research objectives - Identifying the effect of psychomotor activities in developing motor and visual discrimination for juniors in crawl swimming on the stomach and identifying the effect of developing motor and visual discrimination on the skills of arms and legs and the time of swimming (25) m for juniors in crawl swimming on the stomach.
The most important hypotheses of the research are: There is a positive effect of psychomotor activities in developing motor and visual discrimination for young crawl swimmers, and there is a positive effect in developing motor and visual discrimination on the skills of the arms and legs and swimming time (25) m for young crawl swimmers. The researchers used the experimental method in the style of one experimental group, by preparing a curriculum for psychomotor activities and it was applied to a sample of (10) swimmers from the Marine Club in Basra Governorate, and the curriculum continued for two months at a rate of (4) units per week. Either the most important conclusions: The psychomotor activities approach has a positive effect on developing cognitive abilities (motor discrimination and visual discrimination) among young swimmers, and the development of motor and visual discrimination had an effective effect on developing the skills of crawl swimming on the stomach (arm and leg strokes and swimming time (25) m) among young swimmers in the experimental group. Either the most important recommendations: Emphasizing the use of psychomotor activities because of their importance in developing motor and visual discrimination and the skills of leg and arm strokes and crawl swimming time on the stomach among young swimmers.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of offensive tactical thinking for football players, and to identify statistically significant differences in the level of offensive tactical thinking according to the participating clubs and playing positions. The researcher assumed that there are significant differences in the level of offensive tactical thinking according to the participating clubs and the different playing positions (attack, midfield, defense). The research community consisted of (44) players distributed over four clubs from the Iraqi Premier League football clubs in the advanced category for the 2013-2014 season. The researcher conducted statistical treatments for the psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the research tests and verified them. Then the data were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to obtain the total frequencies and percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and one-way ANOVA. The researcher concluded that the level of offensive tactical thinking of football players was average, and that there were no differences in the variables (participating clubs, playing positions). The researcher recommends the necessity of directing those working in the field of the game to pay attention to specialized programs in developing offensive tactical thinking among players in training for the age groups of cubs and juniors, developing tactical knowledge during training units, creating modern positions and ideas that are compatible with the developments of the game, and providing players with football culture and theoretical information related to modern technique.

The aim of the current research is to identify the effect of educational units according to the (SWOM) strategy in learning some basic skills and cognitive achievement for female students of the first stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra.
The research sample was deliberately composed of first-stage female students for the academic year (2014-2015) with a total of (24) female students. In two sections, section (Z) with (12) female students, and section (H) with (12) female students. They were distributed into two groups (experimental and control) and through the use of the (T-test) for the two independent samples, the results showed statistically significant differences between the results of the average scores of the post-measurement of the experimental group students who study according to the SWOM strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study according to the usual method in learning some basic skills and cognitive achievement in five-a-side football, in favor of the experimental group. The study concluded the effectiveness of using learning units according to the SWOM strategy to teach some basic skills and cognitive achievement in five-a-side football. As for the recommendations, they are to conduct a study similar to the current study on male students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Basra.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of using Pilates exercises prepared and accompanying the training curriculum on some kinematic variables and accuracy of the Qatari smash skill among the youth volleyball players of Al-Sinaa Club. The researcher assumed that these exercises have an effect on some kinematic variables and accuracy of the Qatari smash skill. The study was conducted on 6 players after excluding the other players because they are libero players and due to injuries and irregularity in training. The researcher conducted several exploratory experiments and then conducted the pre-tests for the skill in the presence of an assistant work team. The duration of the experiment was 8 weeks with three weekly training units, i.e. a total of 24 training units during which Pilates exercises were applied as part of the training program, taking into consideration relying on the same training intensities specified by The trainer and the exercises were applied in part of the main section of each training unit. After completing the application of the training units, the post-tests and videotaping were conducted under the same conditions and with the same devices, equipment and the same work team that helped in the pre-tests in order to ensure that all variables were controlled. After completing the tests, the researcher transferred the imaging to the computer and used the special analysis program in order to extract the numerical values ​​of the kinematic variables and the accuracy test for the skill of crushing the pre- and post-tests and for all sample members. The best three attempts achieved by the player were analyzed, i.e. 18 attempts were analyzed for each test separately (pre-tests and post-tests). Then the researcher used the SPSS statistical system to extract the results and display, analyze and discuss them in a sound scientific manner. The researcher came out with the most important conclusions: the necessity of adopting Pilates exercises within the training units of the training programs for trainers for their positive role on some kinematic variables and accuracy for the skill of crushing the Qatari in volleyball. The researcher recommended several recommendations, including the necessity of conducting similar studies using Pilates exercises on other team games and skills. Individually, for both sexes and of different ages, and to know the effects of these exercises on players functionally, biomechanically and physically.

The research aims to know the effect of an educational program on some biological variables in the physical education lesson for primary school students aged (12-14) years. And the effect of an educational program on some physical characteristics in the physical education lesson for primary school students aged (12-14) years. The researcher used the experimental method by designing the pre- and post-measurement for two groups, a control and an experimental, on a sample of (20) students for the academic year 2014-2015. Some functional variables were used (resting pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity of the lungs, maximum oxygen consumption) as well as some physical characteristics (30-meter running, long jump from a standstill, right-footed hop, left-footed hop, 4 × 9-meter rebound running). The researcher reached the following conclusions: Regularity in practicing sports activities according to a standardized educational program leads to development in some physical characteristics, as the results of the research showed development in the physical condition of the students of the experimental group. Regularity in practicing physical activities according to a standardized educational program leads to improvement in the efficiency of the circulatory and respiratory systems.

The research aims to identify the effect of using active learning according to the pairing methods (binary and quadruple) in learning some physical and skill variables in volleyball among students of the Teachers Preparation Institute, fifth stage, affiliated with the Maysan Education Directorate. The researchers followed the experimental method with a design for two experimental groups. The researchers chose the first experimental group (binary pairing) and the second experimental group (quadruple pairing). The number of students reached (56) students, with (28) students for each experimental group. Each experimental group was homogeneous and the two experimental groups were statistically equivalent in their physical and skill variables because they affect the integrity of the experiment. The physical and skill variables test was used after finding the scientific coefficients for the test of validity and reliability. As for the learning method, it was limited to the two experimental groups at a rate of two lessons per week. In light of the research results, the researchers recommended the necessity of applying the active learning strategy (application under the guidance of dual and quadruple peers) in the curricula of physical education and sports sciences in our schools.

The study aimed to:
1 - Using kinesio tapes and some physical exercises in treating shin splint syndrome.
A sample of (10) Shin splint patients aged 17-20 was selected from different clubs and youth centers in Basra Governorate for handball, football, and track and field activities. The main experiment was conducted on 3/15/2016, where the pre-test was measured for the first patients, then physical exercises were applied for two weeks with the placement of kinesio tapes on the injured leg. On 10/20/2016, the post-test was measured for the last patients, noting that each patient had a program that differed from the other in date only because the patients were not in the same period, i.e. the program was conducted separately, but with the same exercises.
The following conclusions were reached:
1- The use of kinesio tapes has greatly reduced pain in patients and prevented its recurrence.
2- There has been a development in all research variables, which led to an increase in the strength of the leg muscles.
The most important recommendations are:
1- The necessity of using kinesio tapes when feeling pain in the leg area to reduce pain or prevent injury.
2- Developing the leg muscles through physical exercises specific to the leg muscles to prevent injuries.

The research aimed to identify the study of the correlational relationships between the values ​​of some biokinematic variables for throwers, and to use the descriptive approach to solve the research problem, as the research sample included three hammer throwers representing Najaf Governorate. The main experiment was conducted on 12/15/2015 at four o'clock in the afternoon at the Najaf Sports Club stadium and they implemented six attempts for each of them and then analyzed the best attempt, and after processing the data on the computer according to the statistical program SPSS Ver. 10, a set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which are:
1- The results showed that the values ​​of the arithmetic averages of the values ​​of all biokinematic variables for local throwers from Najaf Governorate in hammer throw did not achieve the required ideal mechanical values, as they moved away from the values ​​of the advanced level (for national team players) through the average results and also moved away from the global level.
2- The research sample achieved a negative and significant correlation between the total time until the hammer was removed and the final velocity of the hammer as well as the hammer launch angle.

The importance of the research was evident in using the educational curriculum to develop the ability of motor coordination and its relationship to the accuracy of performing the basic skills of volleyball and offensive skills in particular such as the overhand serve and the smash. It must be noted that the distinguished technical performance requires motor coordination, which is a basic and important condition in improving and developing the achievement, so the coaches should give great importance to motor coordination. The researcher used the experimental method by designing the experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of (10) players aged (15-17) years. The application of the curriculum took a period of (8) weeks, at a rate of (3) units per week, and the unit time was (90) minutes. The results showed a clear development in the motor skills tests, technical performance and accuracy of the skill of the overhead serve and the smash hit in volleyball, in favor of the experimental group. The researcher recommended the necessity of using the proposed educational curriculum because of its positive impact on developing the research variables.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of special physical and skill exercises in developing the ability of football goalkeepers to resolve high balls inside the penalty area. The experimental method with a single group was used. The research sample consisted of (8) goalkeepers who implemented the trainer's exercises prepared by the researcher. The implementation of the exercises took (8) weeks at a rate of (3) units per week and for a time of (20-25) minutes during the main section of the training unit. The researcher concluded that the physical skill exercises were highly effective in developing some physical skill skills. The research goal was: to identify the effect of special physical skill exercises in developing the ability of football goalkeepers to resolve high balls inside the penalty area. The researcher concluded: The special exercises used achieved the goals set to develop some physical and skill abilities of football goalkeepers to resolve high balls inside the penalty area. The researcher also concluded that most goalkeeper coaches The goal depends on previous experiences and the researcher recommended: developing weekly or monthly training programs to train goalkeepers based on scientific foundations

The study aimed to develop a multi-method curriculum for the rehabilitation of ankle joint injuries after their movement was limited due to severe sprains that the ankle joint is exposed to, in addition to knowing the effect of the curriculum on both the angle of the ankle joint and the muscles working on it. The study was conducted on a sample of (6) injured players representing the clubs of Basra Governorate in tennis, track and field and football. They were selected intentionally. The researcher used the experimental method for this to suit the nature of the research, in which he used exercises and several rehabilitation tools and methods. The curriculum was used for a period of (8) weeks, with (3) rehabilitation units per week. The unit time ranged from (50-70) minutes. Upon completion of the experimental curriculum, post-tests and statistical treatments were conducted. After obtaining the results, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which were:
- The rehabilitation approach contributed to increasing the range of motion and strength of the working muscles of the ankle joint, which enabled the players to return to the field naturally

The research aims to prepare exercises according to the intensive exercise schedule to learn the skill of standing on the hands and to identify the differences between the experimental and control groups in the handstand skill test. The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the skill of standing on the hands using some exercises according to the intensive exercise schedule and in favor of the experimental group. The research sample included third-year female students / College of Physical Education - Tikrit University. The researcher concluded that the exercises used in the intensive method have a positive effect on learning the skill of standing on the hands. The field experiment showed that the experimental group that was taught according to the intensive exercise schedule outperformed the control group that was taught the skill under study using the traditional method. The researcher recommended the necessity of using some exercises according to the intensive exercise schedule in learning other skills on the floor movement mat and on the rest of the other devices and games

The research aims to identify the values ​​of explosive power of the lower limbs of indoor soccer players for the research sample and to identify the values ​​of anthropometric measurements for the sample and also the relationship between the values ​​of explosive power and anthropometric measurements. The researchers conducted tests on the sample of 8 indoor soccer players for Maysan Sports Club. The researchers used the descriptive approach and conducted two exploratory experiments on the research sample to ensure the integrity of the procedures followed by which data and results are obtained. The time taken to conduct anthropometric measurements and test the explosive power of each individual in the sample was also identified, then Pearson's simple correlation coefficient was calculated. After conducting the anthropometric measurements and the physical test, the results were processed using appropriate statistical means through the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient Pearson's simple and reliability coefficient and then we analyzed the data using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 program for the purpose of identifying the significance of the relationship and the nature of the relationship and then the conclusions that it became clear that there is a significant relationship between explosive ability and the anthropometric measurements that we measured and in most of them the relationship was direct.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of dynamic balance of the research sample by designing a computerized device to measure dynamic balance and study its relationship with some body measurements and identify the differences in the level of dynamic balance among players of some team games. The research sample consisted of players of some team games, numbering 51 players. After conducting statistical treatments, the researchers concluded that there is a relationship between dynamic balance and the variables of weight and age in some groups. There were also no statistical differences between the other groups. The researchers concluded that there are no special exercises for each activity of the research groups. The researchers recommended including balance, agility and flexibility exercises in training programs for each game according to the needs of the specialty.

The research aims to identify the level of compatibility ability of the research sample and identify the level of academic achievement of the research sample and identify the relationship between the level of compatibility ability and the level of academic achievement of the research sample. The most important conclusions are that the academic subjects of a scientific nature are more related to the level of motor qualities, meaning that they share the mental processes used to process information. The most important recommendations are that all motor limbs had a high correlation with the academic level, so attention must be paid to the literary academic aspect so that there is creativity in human work, considering that brain control over motor limbs depends on the principle of scientific thinking, not memorization in decision-making

The aim of the study is to:

1- Identify the effect of the (reciprocal) and (self) methods in learning some basic volleyball skills for first-year students in faculties of physical education and sports sciences.

2- Identify the differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for some basic volleyball skills for first-year students in faculties of physical education and sports sciences.

3- Identify the differences between the control and experimental groups in the post-tests for some basic volleyball skills for first-year students in faculties of physical education and sports sciences.
The most important conclusions were: that the (reciprocal) and (self) methods in the physical education lesson have an effective role in teaching and developing the types of basic volleyball skills and achieve advanced offensive results in them.
The researcher recommended: adopting the proposed exercises and the (reciprocal) and (self) methods in the physical education lesson to teach the basic types of volleyball skills to second-year students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences.

Motor flow is a phenomenon of utmost importance for motor performance and one of the distinctive characteristics and is considered a criterion in evaluating the level of technical performance of national team players, and benefiting from good performance and enhancing it. As for the research problem, it requires most players to master this skill and perform it accurately in the required position. Players should master it, and coaches should allocate sufficient time to train it and emphasize the details of the performance for their knowledge of skill specializations and use objective evaluation in dealing with motor problems by analyzing the flow of the stages of technical performance and evaluating it.

As for the aim of the research, it is to evaluate the performance flow function (speed - time) in the skill of hitting the back area in volleyball. The researcher reached many results, the most important of which are: Some sample members lose an amount of speed gained from approaching, which affects the flight phase and hitting the ball. The researcher also recommended: emphasizing the use of motor fluidity as an effective evaluation tool in determining the level of skill performance.

The aim of the research was to identify the level of motor abilities and physical measurements of the sample. And to identify the differences between rural and urban environments. The research included 110 students. The researcher used the modified Marjorie battery for children's motor characteristics and physical measurements of height, weight and arm length. After processing the data, it was found that there were differences in the level of motor characteristics in favor of the rural community. The researcher concluded that the nature of the work imposed by the environment has an impact on the type of motor characteristics and physical abilities of the individual. And that physical measurements are not necessarily an indicator of the level of motor characteristics. The researcher recommended conducting studies on a sample of other age groups and working to reduce the differences in the level of physical abilities and motor characteristics through special programs implemented in schools in Basra.

The aim of the research is to prepare a proposed educational curriculum according to the structural strategy in teaching discus throwing and to identify its impact on people with disabilities. The researcher concluded that the Bybee model gives the learner the opportunity to think about the largest possible number of solutions to the problems facing the learning process, which leads the student to use innovative thinking, which leads to the development of his learning process. The researcher concluded the interest in using this model as one of the modern strategies that assist in education and encourage those in charge of the educational process in the sports field and to move away from traditional methods. The researcher also recommended using modern methods in teaching sports activities to people with disabilities

The study aimed to try to identify the relationship between strategic intelligence and decision-making among administrative leaders in Iraqi colleges of physical education and sports sciences. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method due to its suitability and the nature of the research problem. The research community included administrative leaders in Iraqi colleges of physical education and sports sciences represented by (deans, assistants, heads of departments) and their number was (66). The research sample was (60) after excluding the exploratory experiment sample. The researcher prepared the two measurement tools by reviewing previous and similar studies. The scientific foundations for them were extracted from validity, reliability and objectivity. The researcher reached the results of the existence of a relationship between strategic intelligence and decision-making among administrative leaders in colleges of physical education and sports sciences

The aim of the study is to:
1- Develop special offensive skill exercises to develop some types of special endurance.
2- Identify the differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the control and experimental groups to develop some types of special endurance.
3- Identify the differences between the results of the post-tests between the control and experimental groups to develop some types of special endurance.
The most important conclusions were: The exercises used and applied according to the game requirements method give good results in terms of physical endurance, especially for advanced senior levels.
The researchers recommended: The necessity of adopting the exercises used and applied according to the game requirements method that gave good results in terms of physical endurance in training advanced senior levels in basketball.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between motor coordination in the performance of some skills on the balance beam in artistic gymnastics. The problem of the research lies in the weak level of performance of female students of the College of Physical Education in artistic gymnastics skills for women; The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the problem. The research community included a sample of third-year female students from the College of Physical Education - University of Diyala, numbering (40) students representing the original community (20) students for the experimental group and (20) students for the control group. After statistical analysis using the SPSS system, the results showed that motor coordination exercises had a positive effect on the performance of some basic skills of the balance beam under study. The researcher concluded that motor coordination exercises should be used by gymnastics professors to teach and develop basic skills on the balance beam.

The importance of the research was evident in studying some biokinematic variables and their relationship to the muscular capacity of the first step before leaving the starting support for the 200-meter event. The research objectives included analyzing some biokinematic variables and their relationship to the muscular capacity of the first step before leaving the starting support for the 200-meter event. The research sample included the runners of the national team for the 2014 season, with (4) runners. The conclusions are that there is a significant correlation between some biokinematic variables (stride length, stride time, knee joint angle of the leading leg, knee joint angle of the pulling leg, trunk tilt angle with the horizontal line) and the muscular capacity of the first step before leaving the starting support for the 200-meter event. The researcher recommends working On teaching and training the stages of running 200 meters according to biokinematic variables.

Research objectives:
1- Constructing and applying a scale to determine the personality type in the face of psychological pressures, on disabled players in Baghdad Governorate and the southern governorates in Iraq.
2- Identifying the level of determining the personality type in the face of psychological pressures among disabled players in Baghdad Governorate and the southern governorates in Iraq.

The most important conclusions and recommendations:
From presenting and discussing the results, the researcher reached the following most important conclusions:
1- The scale to determine the personality type in the face of psychological pressures prepared by the researcher is able to determine the personality type in the face of psychological pressures among physically disabled athletes.
2- The variation of physically disabled athletes in the personality type in the face of psychological pressures, where the highest percentage was for the tense type and many pressures, followed by the percentage of a moderate type and normal pressures, then a low type and no pressures, then a very calm type.
Recommendations:
1- The possibility of using the current scale for players and workers in the field of disabled sports in all sports events for the physically disabled in order to identify the personality type in facing psychological pressures and to benefit from the results shown by the scale to provide assistance, especially for those who have a tense style and many pressures, as the scale prepared by the researcher helps in identifying players who need assistance.
2- Benefiting from the current research to conduct similar studies on physically disabled athletes in other sports events.