kufa journal Physical Education Sciences

In addition to the strength of the arms, the two men are among the important influences in all arena and field games, as their strength is a priority during training for various events, including throwing events. Players of Iraqi clubs, and the sample included players from some clubs, numbering (15) players (5) players for each event, and the researchers used the descriptive approach to achieve the goal of the research, and the researchers used the statistical bag (SPSS) to process the data, and according to the results that were collected, it was found that there is a superiority among the players Discus throwing over the rest of the weighty activities and hammer throwing. The researchers recommended focusing on developing this important characteristic and conducting research on other samples, levels and activities.

Abstract
The aim of the research is to identify the emotional response and its relationship to the psychological integration of the players of the handball Premier League clubs. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of a survey study and correlational relationships, and the research community was identified with the Iraqi club players participating in the fourth group in the qualifying round for the handball Premier League for the sports season 2023-2024, which Its matches were held in the sports hall in Al-Mansour in Baghdad Governorate, and they were (Diyala, Al-Suniya, Tishreen, Al-Taawoun, Naft Al-Wasat, and Karbala). They numbered (96) players, from whom (40) players were chosen to represent the research sample. They were chosen randomly after excluding the exploratory experiment sample, which consisted of (40) players. Their number is (5) players, so the final total of the research sample is (35) players, representing a percentage of (36.45%). The researcher concluded that the level of psychological integration among the members of the research sample was high and statistically

The study aims to design educational exercises in the style of mastery learning (mastery) to develop transitional speed and learn the skills of quick tapping and changing direction with basketball and its impact on the experimental sample. Therefore, using the experimental method to suit the nature of the research by designing two equal groups (experimental - control) with pre- and post-tests, and the target sample is A group of basketball players in the city of Ramadi, aged 14-15 years. The total number is (26) players. They were deliberately selected and randomly divided by lottery into two groups, each of which included (9) players. The remaining ones were excluded because they participated in the exploratory experiment, and they were (8) players. With a percentage of (22.69%), then equivalence was conducted and made into pre-tests, then the exercises were applied exclusively to the experimental, interspersed with diagnostic tests. As for the control group, it was content with the (traditional) approach, and accordingly the application of the main experiment continued for (12) weeks at a rate of (24) units, at the rate of two units per week. Then the post-tests were applied and the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the exercises had an effective impact in developing transitional speed and learning the skills of rapid thrusting and changing direction on the research sample, and when compared statistically with the results of the control, it was found that there was development and the preference goes back to the experimental in different percentages, and accordingly a number of The most important recommendations are working on using the “mastery” method in subsequent research and on new skills and variables according to age group and sports leve

The continuity of changes occurring in the game of football required the use of a system of quantitative estimates of the players' biomotor, skill, psychological and tactical capabilities and specifications, in addition to many other indicators for the players, and for the purpose of determining the biomotor capabilities and competencies enjoyed by football players, where tests were used to measure what the athlete has accomplished, and what the training and tactical curricula used have achieved in terms of development, that all long-term plans must be based on the levels of juniors and diagnosed through objective tests and measurements of the indicators that must be relied upon when choosing them. In the field of selection, there must be predictive values ​​and measures that take into account all physical measurements and biomotor and physiological capabilities that contribute accurately and directly to the skill performance levels of the players as an indication for choosing junior football players, and trying to work on them to achieve the best levels and results and bring them to high levels. The problem of the research lies in the neglect of some trainers who are responsible for training the objective selection process according to limited indicators. The researcher tried to address and analyze this matter by finding a scientific formula to adopt bio-kinetic capabilities as an indication of what the players’ skill levels will lead to in order to save money and effort in the process of selecting players who have high readiness to reach high levels.

Raising the level of performance of basic skills on the balance beam using the correct education, model and appropriate principle such as the EDGA model and the principle of positive cooperative interdependence that encourages the learner to perform correctly on these devices through the feedback used in cooperation with the learners in learning these skills for female gymnasts. While the research problem was revealed that the basic skills on the balance beam and the movements performed by the learner are among the most difficult movements in gymnastics, which requires cooperation between learners in implementing these movements and correcting mistakes among them. The best method is cooperative learning that contains advanced educational models such as the EDGA model and principles that rise to the level of cooperation in implementation such as the principle of positive interdependence, and thus advanced educational outcomes will be achieved. The most important objectives of the research were: - Identifying the effect of the (EDGA) model according to the principle of (positive interdependence) cooperative learning of some skills for the effectiveness of the balance beam in artistic gymnastics for women. Accordingly, the conclusions were: The (EDGA) model, according to the principle of (positive interdependence) and cooperation, achieved the learning objectives and helped in achieving the achievement of learning some balance beam skills in artistic gymnastics for women. The recommendation was: Adopting the (EDGA) model, according to the principle of (positive interdependence) and cooperation, because it achieved the learning objectives and also helped in achieving the achievement of learning some balance beam skills in artistic gymnastics for women.

Studying the capabilities of each learner and what the educational process requires, identifying the location of the defect and searching for solutions to it, and thus methods began to emerge as an ideal solution to bring about a qualitative leap in the level of swimmer performance, so that various strategies, methods and models were developed, specific to each stage of learning. Studying the potential of each learner and what the educational process requires, identifying the location of the defect and searching for solutions to it, and thus methods began to emerge as an ideal solution to create a qualitative leap in the level of swimmer performance, so that strategies, methods and various models were developed, especially for each stage of learning. This in turn led to getting rid of many of the negative cases that swimmers suffer from during the different stages of the race, as well as research and development in the level of swimmers’ performance by providing greater opportunities for learning through stimulation to generate creative ideas that were not previously known in the United States of America. They originated and developed in the embrace of American industry, then were adapted in the field of education and teaching, then were used by several countries, most notably (Japan), but unfortunately they are still relatively strange to our psychological and educational thinking, as they represent a mechanism of creative thinking by finding relationships between concepts that did not have known apparent relationships originally, and therefore the stimuli presented were called random stimuli for each stage and for each part of the body according to

Organized sports training has positive advantages and broad and comprehensive trends, and it helps in developing many topics related to training, including an important and vital component, which is physical qualities or (elements of physical fitness) and functional efficiency. The basic trend is to create the basic and broad training base for acquiring physical fitness, which consists of developing the general level of the body's functional capabilities and the multi-faceted development of characteristics. For this reason, many of those involved in the training process resort to using the best training method and in different ways, in order to obtain the best level.

tatadaman laebat altinis maharat kathiratan w mutanawieatan wasaebatan fi taealumiha w adayihali\'anaha tuadaa biwasitat adaa (almidriba)wmisahat laeib kabiratan wakadhalik sureat alkurat alealiat lidhalik yajib alaihtimam biha fi kafat almarahil aleumriat lilaeibin wakuli marahil alaedadi.
an taealum hadhih almaharat yahtaj alaa waqt wajuhd min qibal altaalibat w walmudaris wala \'asalib mutanawieat tatamashaa mae maharat altinis waqad la takun hadhih al\'asalib faeilatan bishakl kaf lidhalik nahtaj fi eamaliat altaelim \'iilaa \'ajhizat wa\'adawat musaeadat mae al\'asalib likay tueaziz min aleamaliat altaealumiat lidha yajib aistikhdam hadhih alajihizat waladawat fi tafeil tathir alasalib almustakhdamat fi taealum watatwir alqudrat walmaharat almurtabitat biha w alati tueadu muhimatan fi ada\' almaharat w bishakliha sahih aistakhdamat albahith almanhaj altajribia bi\'uslub almajmueat almutakafiat limulayimatih tabieat almushkilat w tahqiq aihdaf albahth .tamathil mujtamae albahth tulaab almarhalat althaalithat fi kuliyat altarbiat alriyadiat walbaligh eadaduhum 0) talibat waqad mathalat eayinat albahth talibatan , watama taqsimuhum alaa majmueatayn) tajribia 0) zabita . wahadaf albahth altaearuf ealaa tathir aistikhdam alwasayil almusaeidat fi tatwir al\'iirsal ladaa altaalibat alttnis eayinat albahth.wfard albahith furuq dhat dalalat maenawiat bayn alqiasayn alqabalii w albuedi fi tatwir maharat al\'iirsal ladaa eayinat albahth.wkanat ahum alaistintajat waltawsiat an litanfidh almanhaj almuqtarah mae aistikhdam alajihizat walwasayil almusaeidat tathiran faeil fi tatwir maharat alairisal bialtinis aietimad almanhaj altaelimii almuqtarah biaistikhdaman lajihizat almusaeadat fi tatwir mahara (alarisal.

The research aims to prepare physical exercises to regulate the speed of performance erformance to develop rapid strength and some biochemical indicators of muscle fatigue among handball players. In the development of rapid strength and provide a clear vision of the proportions of these compounds in the blood and the changes that occur in these compounds during periods of physical performance and their relationship to the phenomenon of muscle fatigue among handball players, the Al – Hashed Sport Club the season 2023, the number is (14) players, and the sample was divided into two groups (experimental and control), and each group (7) players, and the statistical bag (SPSS) was used, and the two researchers reached the most important conclusions that there is a positive effect of physical exercises to regulate the speed of performance to develop strength Fast speed and some biochemical indicators of muscle fatigue in handball players

The study aimed to use the breathing mask (breathing under oxygen deficiency by building a set of training units based on the gradual change in breathing intensity by controlling the mask valves), and to identify the effect of its use on some lung variables and fatigue in volleyball players - youth category.

This study was conducted on a community of (12 players), representing volleyball players - youth category of Al-Rumaitha Club, for the sports season (2022-2023), as the control group followed the trainer's approach, while the experimental group applied the trainer's approach using the breathing mask, within (24) training units, and through the significance of the differences in the degree acquired for each group, and the two post-tests for the two groups, and the most important findings of the researcher: The breathing mask is one of the modern and important devices in the process of developing the body's functional systems, and replaces training at heights with high effectiveness.

The researcher recommended the necessity of taking the results of this study into account, to benefit from them in training operations, which is an important step that requires the coach to explore its impact on the players' performance.

The smash hit during the match is related to the mental processes of the players during most of the match time and it is known that the player's performance in volleyball is related to the principle of thinking, especially flexible thinking. There is no doubt that the player's decision-making in directing the ball in the appropriate direction and force depends on thinking within the playing field.
Accordingly, the main objectives of the research will be as follows:
 Knowing the relationship between the Qatari smash hit and flexible thinking of young volleyball players.
 Knowing the percentage of flexible thinking's contribution to the Qatari smash hit of young volleyball players.
 Predicting the Qatari smash hit of young volleyball players in terms of flexible thinking.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher used the descriptive approach with its survey method and the study of correlational relationships, while the research tools represented the youth volleyball players of Al-Daghara Club, numbering (30) players, in addition to the means of collecting data. . . After a series of field procedures represented in verifying the validity of the flexible thinking scale and the volleyball smash test, the researcher began the main research procedures, and by using appropriate statistical methods to process the results in a way that serves the research and achieves the objectives, the researcher deduced a predictive equation through which the smash can be predicted, in terms of flexible thinking, and he also concluded that: the smash is linked to a real and significant relationship with flexible thinking.

The use of selective attention exercises using the Rehacom system, which is in line with the development witnessed by the world in the field of learning, is of great importance in developing basic volleyball skills for first-year middle school students. Selective attention, according to the Rehacom system, is the individual's ability to react in an appropriate manner under time control and in an instant manner and to control behavioral impulses when other stimuli appear. It is necessary to control and control the reaction resulting from the external stimulus in favor of the behavior that is controlled internally. In these tests, attention must be focused on the apparent stimulus that requires a selective reaction, i.e. by reacting to a stimulus or not reacting at all. Therefore, the researcher decided to use selective attention exercises in learning the skills of handling from above and below in volleyball for first-year middle school students. The research sample was from the students of the Second Karkh Education Directorate, numbering (3200) students for the academic year 2022-2023. Balat Al-Shuhada Intermediate School for Boys, located in the First Message area, was chosen intentionally in order to provide an indoor hall designated for team games for volleyball, basketball and handball. The researcher used the experimental method in a manner for the experimental and control groups with a pre- and post-test. The research sample was represented by (20) students from the first middle school, and the sample was divided into The experimental and control groups were divided into two groups using a lottery system, and the remaining (10) students from the class were used for the exploratory experiment. The method was applied for (8) weeks, and the conclusions were the emergence of a positive development in the selective attention exercises of the Rehacom system for the experimental group and the control group for the traditional lesson in performing the top and bottom handling in volleyball that the researcher followed. The researcher recommended the necessity of a similar study for young and junior players to develop their cognitive abilities.

The study aimed to use the breathing mask (breathing under oxygen deficiency by building a set of training units based on the gradual change in breathing intensity by controlling the mask valves), and to identify the effect of its use on some lung variables and fatigue in volleyball players - youth category.

This study was conducted on a community of (12 players), representing volleyball players - youth category of Al-Rumaitha Club, for the sports season (2022-2023), as the control group followed the trainer's approach, while the experimental group applied the trainer's approach using the breathing mask, within (24) training units, and through the significance of the differences in the degree acquired for each group, and the two post-tests for the two groups, and the most important findings of the researcher: The breathing mask is one of the modern and important devices in the process of developing the body's functional systems, and replaces training at heights with high effectiveness.

The researcher recommended the necessity of taking the results of this study into account, to benefit from them in training operations, which is an important step that requires the coach to explore its impact on the players' performance.

The research objectives were determined in:

Identifying the effect of rehabilitation exercises using assistive devices in restoring the functional efficiency of the ankle joint for injured players. The research hypotheses were that:

There are significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests of the research group.

The researcher used the experimental program in his study with one group with two pre- and post-tests. The original research community represented basketball club players in Anbar Governorate. As for the basic study sample, it was deliberately selected from the research community and according to the requirements of the experimental design. They were directed to study them to achieve the research objectives. After conducting homogeneity in the variables (height, mass, chronological age, degree of injury), the pre-tests were conducted, the program was implemented, and the post-tests were conducted after the program was completed.

The most important conclusions of the research were:

1- The effect of exercises specific to balance using an assistive device in developing the random response and maintaining balance.

2- The effect of exercises specific to strength using assistive devices in developing the muscle strength of the ankle joint.
The researcher recommended the necessity of using these exercises using the devices used in the research, which had a clear impact on the rehabilitation process for those injured with ankle sprains.

The research dealt with the reality of handball and the development of its physical and performance requirements in particular. The skill of scoring is one of the important and basic factors in handball, as scoring is done from inside and around the penalty area in scoring and from inside the penalty area, and accuracy and speed play the decisive role in the success of this skill, and scoring must be in different positions and various playing movements in the match, and the skill of scoring is possessed by every distinguished player for shooting, but scoring from outside the penalty area in defeating the opposing team is very important as it has become an effective weapon in defeating the opposing team. As for the research problem, it crystallized through the researchers' follow-up and direct contact with handball players in Iraq and its regional surroundings, to note that there is a clear weakness in the performance of some skills specific to playing handball in the skill of scoring, with the aim of identifying the relationship between the abilities of perception (sensory - motor) and the accuracy of scoring in handball. The researchers assumed that there is a statistically significant correlation between perception (sensory-motor) and scoring accuracy in handball. The study concluded with the following conclusions: There is a significant correlation between perception (sensory-motor) and scoring accuracy, with a positive correlation between sensory-motor perception and scoring accuracy. The researchers recommended paying attention to sensory-motor perception among players because of its impact on scoring accuracy, and conducting similar studies on other sports.

The research aims to identify mental alertness and its relationship to psychological hesitation of futsal referees. The descriptive approach was used. The basic research sample of futsal referees, approved by the Iraqi Futsal Football Federation for the sports season (2022/2023), was randomly selected, numbering (22) referees from the first-class futsal referees. The results showed that there were statistically significant inverse correlations between the total score of the mental alertness scale and psychological hesitation among futsal referees. The researcher recommended the necessity of benefiting from the mental alertness scale by futsal referees and activating it on other referees in various activities. Identifying the mental alertness and psychological hesitation of futsal referees allows for the construction of appropriate programs to help them raise their level of mental alertness and psychological hesitation, which has a positive and effective return.

The aim of the research is to:

- Identify the relationship between the explosive power of the upper limb muscles and the level of performance in a jump on a platform jump in women's gymnastics.

- Identify the relationship between the explosive power of the lower limb muscles and the level of performance in a jump on a platform jump in women's gymnastics.

The researchers used the descriptive approach because it is suitable for the nature of the study. The research sample consisted of third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, numbering (40 students), who were chosen intentionally from the research community, numbering (50) students.

The researchers concluded
- There is a significant correlation between the explosive power of the upper limbs and the level of performance in a jump on a platform jump in women's gymnastics.

- There is a significant correlation between the lower explosive power and the level of performance in a jump on a platform jump in women's gymnastics.
-The researchers recommended the necessity of developing the explosive power of the upper and lower limbs of female students, as it is important in all activities, especially gymnastics.

Determining standard grades and levels of social values and taking responsibility for the players of the Iraqi Premier League in football
The study aimed to identify the social values and take responsibility for Premier League soccer players. The researcher used the descriptive research method and in the survey method, the researcher chose a sample from an exploratory sample and prepared for grades and levels and then researched social responsibility and values scientific foundations and then applied them and extracted standard grades and levels and then concluded the result from the results obtained by all the points she obtained easily.

Determining standard grades and levels of social values and taking responsibility for the players of the Iraqi Premier League in football
The study aimed to identify the social values and take responsibility for Premier League soccer players. The researcher used the descriptive research method and in the survey method, the researcher chose a sample from an exploratory sample and prepared for grades and levels and then researched social responsibility and values scientific foundations and then applied them and extracted standard grades and levels and then concluded the result from the results obtained by all the points she obtained easily.

The university stage, especially students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, face many pressures, psychological conditions, social and other academic problems during training and participation in competitions and championships that hinder their career and future, which affects their lives. From this standpoint, the researcher believes that the student should receive the greatest care and attention from society, especially the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, because it helps to achieve a balance for the student in all aspects (mental, psychological, emotional, physical, scientific, and emotional). Psychological care is what makes them able to face challenges and difficulties and makes them able to achieve their goals without feeling despair and frustration. This is done by providing all the services that help them according to their abilities and capabilities to work on achieving their psychological flow.

The aim of the research is to know the effect of using special exercises for the abdominal and back muscles using auxiliary tools in teaching the skills of standing on the hands followed by a forward roll in a ball on the floor exercises mat. As for the research hypothesis, special exercises for the abdominal and back muscles using auxiliary tools have an effect in teaching the skills of standing on the hands followed by a forward roll in a ball on the floor exercises mat. The experimental method was used (with a single-group design with pre- and post-tests) to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. As for the research community, it represented (10) players from the specialized school in Baghdad for gymnastics, and the ages of the group, which is the buds category, ranged from (6-8) years. As for the research sample, it represented (5) players and was determined at a rate of (50%). The researcher used a set of statistics to extract the research results and then reached several conclusions and recommendations, including: The designed auxiliary device has clearly affected learning the two skills separately and performing them together in a good way. The designed device is also good and can handle the performance of young players. The researcher suggested: the necessity of using the device for older ages, especially in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, which are included in the gymnastics lesson for boys and girls because they have not learned the skills previously.

The research problem was that the players' understanding of the law of Taekwondo and its correct application leads to resolving fights in many different playing situations, so the coach needs modern methods to convey the law paragraphs correctly to the players, and among these methods is the method of evaluation and competitions. The research aimed to know the effect of the method of evaluation and competitions on the legal knowledge of Taekwondo players aged 15-17 years and to adapt the legal knowledge scale for Taekwondo players. The researchers used the experimental method with a single group to suit the nature of the problem to be addressed, and the legal knowledge scale for Taekwondo players was adapted. After the researchers conducted the pre-test, the main experiment was applied and then the post-test was conducted. After the results were presented and interpreted, the researchers concluded that the method of evaluation and competitions had a positive effect on teaching the players, and they recommended the necessity of relying on modern methods in training.

The importance of using administrative empowerment is due to several reasons, including improving the institution's outputs and facing competition with other institutions in the same field in order to create a unique learning institution with high administrative capabilities, but it encourages the employees' innovation capabilities and motivates them, opens a field for training and gives them freedom of action according to their education, and we seek to improve the success of the institution to which they belong. Despite the existence of the appropriate environment for applying administrative empowerment in educational institutions, the extent of the application of the concept of administrative empowerment in it is not yet known, so the problem of this study focused on answering the following main question:
• Identifying the reality of administrative empowerment among members of the General Directorate of Education in Babylon, Al-Musayyib Education Department
The research community and the research sample include employees of the General Directorate of Education in Babylon, Al-Musayyib Education Department, where the research sample included (30) employees.
The scale consisting of (16) paragraphs was applied to them after verifying the validity of the scale paragraphs.
The following conclusions were reached:
1. The exchange of information between employees allows them to quickly complete work.
2. The employee’s acquisition of information through participation in development courses increases his organizational culture. 3. The use of transparency in administrative work contributes effectively to the development of administrative empowerment.

The importance of using administrative empowerment is due to several reasons, including improving the institution's outputs and facing competition with other institutions in the same field in order to create a unique learning institution with high administrative capabilities, but it encourages the employees' innovation capabilities and motivates them, opens a field for training and gives them freedom of action according to their education, and we seek to improve the success of the institution to which they belong. Despite the existence of the appropriate environment for applying administrative empowerment in educational institutions, the extent of the application of the concept of administrative empowerment in it is not yet known, so the problem of this study focused on answering the following main question:
• Identifying the reality of administrative empowerment among members of the General Directorate of Education in Babylon, Al-Musayyib Education Department
The research community and the research sample include employees of the General Directorate of Education in Babylon, Al-Musayyib Education Department, where the research sample included (30) employees.
The scale consisting of (16) paragraphs was applied to them after verifying the validity of the scale paragraphs.
The following conclusions were reached:
1. The exchange of information between employees allows them to quickly complete work.
2. The employee’s acquisition of information through participation in development courses increases his organizational culture. 3. The use of transparency in administrative work contributes effectively to the development of administrative empowerment.

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is one of the basic variables that determine the player's activity and ability to perform the correct movement and performance. Therefore, it is assumed that any player, when practicing any sporting activity, has a level of intelligence that is consistent with the goal behind it, which is to reach a degree of achievement. Since players vary in the degree of their possession of the level of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, this leads to the emergence of a disparity in achieving the required performance, especially among juniors. Given the weakness of its diagnosis and the lack of knowledge of coaches about the importance of the impact of the level of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence among junior volleyball players in an objective manner, which requires knowing the extent of the impact of this trait in the sports field. The problem of the research lies in answering the following question: Is there a relationship between bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and self-confidence in volleyball? Is there a relationship between bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and some basic skills in volleyball for juniors? The aim of the research is to: 1. Identify the relationship between bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and self-confidence among junior volleyball players. 2. Identifying the relationship between bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and some basic skills among junior volleyball players.
The conclusions were:
1- The emergence of a significant correlation between bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and self-confidence.
2- The emergence of a significant correlation between bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and the skill of serving for junior volleyball players.
3- The emergence of a significant correlation between bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and the skill of preparing for junior volleyball players.
4- The emergence of a significant correlation between bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and the skill of smashing for junior volleyball players.