Journal of Studies in Humanities and Educational Sciences

This research aims to identify the role of artificial intelligence in activating criminal investigation procedures in crimes through a comparative study, as philosophical and social legal studies were keen to emphasize the principles of procedural legitimacy and social solidarity. This is because the harm caused by the perpetrator affects society as much as it affects the individual and negatively affects the sense of security within society. Even the guarantor guarantees the rights of the plaintiff against the accused and the civil rights plaintiff. There are different areas of artificial intelligence in the field of law enforcement and security, and this often falls within the smart cities strategy, which among its goals is to employ advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence. To ensure the safety and security of residents in the city, artificial intelligence technologies include smart surveillance cameras that have the ability to analyze images and video clips to discover the locations of suspicious or wanted persons and unusual objects, warn the control center directly, use machine learning technology in the field of electronic security, and use smart aircraft without Pilot Smart Drones for air surveillance, as well as “prediction” applications, and some of the leading law enforcement agencies are currently using artificial intelligence and various technologies to combat crime, while relying on smart technology in the field of criminal investigation to detect many crimes, the most important of which are cybercrimes. In order to benefit from the applications of artificial intelligence in criminal investigations to uncover crimes in the United Arab Emirates of Iraq, researchers need to employ artificial intelligence techniques, which are used to obtain physical evidence in the criminal field to uncover crimes in general and cybercrimes in particular, although the law has not stipulates their use, and given that the results have a certain degree of scientific certainty, which can be relied upon for forensic purposes, it has also recommended the establishment of an advanced forensic laboratory system that includes artificial intelligence techniques in the State of Iraq, especially an automated expertise system for the purposes of dealing with material traces that may be obtained. On them at the cyber crime scene.

The intellectual aspirations faced by the interior designer are to keep pace with the times by implementing designs for interior spaces that are compatible with events, modern technical developments, intellectual transformations, and cultural, social, and economic changes. The interior designer was keen to develop...KA design for interior spaces takes into account these variables so that the recipient adapts to the interior space and interacts with it. The research problem came to be embodied in the following question:(What are the most important intellectual aspirations whose technical content is reflected in the design of contemporary interior spaces of museums?) The study also aimed to Revealing the study of intellectual aspirations brought about by the development of capabilities and technologies that allowed the development of the creative process for interior spaces, identifying different material technologies, studying the relationship between different means of implementation and material technologies, and finding integration between design processes and implementation technologies. The first chapter also included the importance of research and the need for it, with the definition of literary and scientific terms. The second chapter included details of the theoretical framework consisting of two studies, the first section. The first topic Intellectual aspirations in interior design and the second section examines contemporary technologies and their role in enhancing the cognitive ability of the recipient. Through the two sections, theoretical framework indicators that flow into the subject of the research were reached, which helped in arriving at the method of research methodology adopted in the third chapter, which included the research procedures and methodology. Therefore, the researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach (a comparative study) for the overall research community according to justifications explained through the theoretical framework. The fourth chapter included a review of the results that summarized the theoretical material of the second chapter, and then the conclusions that the researcher reached from studying the research community and presenting recommendations and proposals for future research.

The public job has obligations and responsibilities. Its primary goals are to serve citizens. On the other hand, the employee has financial and moral rights, which means that the employee is required to give me confidence, loyalty, and dedication to work. To the extent that we expect the employee to abide by all rights of error in the performance of the work. To reach the important goals of understanding the causes of administrative violations in Iraqi government departments and those causing this bad phenomenon, and knowing the methods of occurrence (i.e. reducing) administrative violations, the old classical methods and modern technical methods, and reforming them and amending administrative legislation and government regulations related to disciplining and punishing the perpetrators of crimes and related administrative violations. The punitive dimension. This thesis relied on the descriptive analytical approach and based on this hypothesis that strengthening monitoring tools, using smart technologies in administrative monitoring, and improving the possibility of differentiating between penalties in non-punitive administrative penalties, are three new ways to prevent the conversion of administrative violations into administrative crimes. . Moreover, the researcher believes that reforming the system of wages and punishing employees comes to simplify strict control over office employees, create many difficulties (official and real) in committing violations, prevent administrative violations, and change the system of crime prevention in public offices. This constitutes a small part of these developments in the system. The Iraqi State: It is necessary to encourage the offices of inspectors general and other regulatory bodies (the Federal Financial Regulatory Authority) to participate in exchanging data and audit results within Iraq and comparing them with advanced Arab regulatory bodies in the field of oversight.

The title of this study is “The Role of Official Institutions for the Prevention of Financial Crime in Iraqi Law.” In old legal legislation, penalties are the only deterrent to committing crimes. However, the growing development witnessed by societies is accompanied by the development of various crimes, and we can liken crime to a virus that invades a person’s immunity and penetrates his immunity. We are faced with two situations. Either we live in an ideal situation, which is preventive measures by strengthening the human barrier in order to weaken the ability of the virus to penetrate, or we leave the virus. It penetrates and then we fight it.. The inevitable and certain result is that prevention is the highest state. As it is said: (Prevention is better than cure). Therefore, contemporary legislation has given great importance to finding effective preventive methods for crimes committed, as it has paid attention to criminology and punishment science, to study the causes of committing crime and ways to combat and prevent it, which is one of the modern concepts adopted by contemporary criminal policy, including crimes against individuals’ funds in the Penal Code. The Iraqi. The large losses caused by crimes, tampering with individuals’ money, and the accompanying loss of safety in society, make attention and spending on preventive measures insignificant compared to the seriousness of crimes, and this is what countries, especially developed ones, have set out to achieve in order to achieve societal and individual security. The interest in this aspect is focused on knowing the reasons and factors for committing the criminal act. Through this understanding, ways to prevent it become clear, which is the most useful method for preventing crime before it occurs. “Knowing the reasons leads to knowing the appropriate prevention methods, which in turn branched out and dealt with all aspects of human activity, including It has moral, cultural, intellectual, economic, and political concepts.” (But if we review the centers of influence, or the basis for building crime prevention, we find that it is not limited to one party or source. It has multiple sources in its entirety, forming a solid and effective prevention base, and includes individuals, society, and the state. With its institutions and legislation, all of this and others contribute to formulating a database of the reasons for committing crimes and how to prevent them. “It is noted that the components of the preventive policy against crimes are broad and include all aspects of life, and the responsibility for its implementation falls on all of society, including state agencies, popular groups and individuals in general, and includes a comprehensive plan to provide integrated care for individuals and ensure social control” (as the efforts made to achieve Prevention is intertwined and cannot be separated, as public means, which are among the concerns of the state, are intertwined, and their basis is the social, economic, as well as cultural, and legal policy that is guaranteed by legislation and implementation, as well as private means through the family, recreational tendencies, and others.

This article is devoted to the possibility of using intelligent image processing methods using deep learning algorithms in the process of training football players. A description of an image analysis model for assessing the accuracy of impacts is provided. Based on the results obtained, a training program for young football players is drawn up.

The current research seeks to identify, “The effectiveness of teaching with mnemonic aids in historical culture among students in the fifth literary grade in the subject of history and their cognitive motivation.” To achieve this, an experiment was conducted that lasted approximately two months, as the researcher intentionally chose Al-Rafidain Secondary School for Boys as a sample for the research, and the students in the fifth literary grade were divided The number of which was (53) students by random assignment to two groups, with (26) students for the experimental group, and (27) students for the control group, after which the two groups were rewarded on the variables (age, intelligence, previous year’s grades, historical culture, cognitive motivation), The researcher adopted an experimental design with partial control for two equal groups, and the experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2023-2024). After the end of the experiment, the results were analyzed statistically, and it was concluded that there were statistically significant differences, in favor of the experimental group, in the test of historical culture and the motivation scale. Cognitive.

Lessing’s pioneering novel, The Grass Is Singing 1950, is tremendously significant in the history of feminism. It reflects a robust psychological study about a frustrated woman and her marital relationship with Dick Turner. The problem that this research will explore and possibly solve is that Lessing's feminine identities do not get the life they deserve, even though they have a lot of good traits and potential. The study examines how Lessing portrays and interprets the oppression of female protagonists in the capitalist patriarchy. The study is qualitative. Textual analysis is the instrument that is used to collect data for this study, while content analysis is the instrument that is used to analyze the data. The study found that even if a woman is unable to overthrow the oppressive system alone, she encourages all women to change and break free from capitalist and patriarchal false consciousness. It concluded the restrictive dynamics that occur in families when men dominate women through marriage and partnership. The study recommends future research to be conducted on other Lessing’s’ novels from a socialist feminist perspective, which will undoubtedly lead to fresh interpretations of these classics, which primarily explore women's lives.

The scientific heritage of media studies needs to investigate the philosophy of media in distant regions such as Asia or Latin America to identify the starting points and philosophy of those countries in the field of media and the extent of their reflection on their international policy. China is considered one of the most important countries that possess a huge human heritage with its civilization, philosophy and history, so it was necessary to delve into the depths of Chinese media and establish a study that would be a starting point for future studies that determine the dimensions of relations between China and the Arab region politically, economically and culturally on the basis of common interests. Since the media is the mirror reflecting the policies of countries and their societies and the system that affects and is affected by the ideas adopted in any country, it was necessary to study Chinese media and determine its topics, especially towards the Arab region, as it is one of the largest economies in the world and has global influence that can Benefiting from it in our region, which suffers in many of its countries from the failure of economic, developmental and investment policies. Keywords: Journalism, Chinese media, People's Daily, Xinhua Chinese

The study aimed to identify higher-order thinking skills and their relationship to the depth of scientific knowledge among fifth-grade scientific students in physics. To achieve the goal, the researcher chose the descriptive approach and used a scale by referring to previous studies and the theoretical framework. The scale for the higher-order thinking scale consisted of (45) items. The depth of scientific knowledge scale consists of (40) items and analyzed the SPPS statistical data by using Chi-square and Cronbach’s alpha to measure validity and reliability. The validity and reliability were verified using appropriate scientific methods, so that the researcher applied the study to a random sample of the center’s students in middle schools in the center of Diwaniyah Governorate. The number of members of the study sample was (300) students, (150) males, (150) females. One of the most important results of the research is that the sample members possess higher-order thinking skills and their relationship to the depth of scientific knowledge, and there is no difference between males and females, and there is a strong positive correlation between higher-order thinking skills and their relationship to the depth of scientific knowledge. The researcher summarized the recommendations and proposals.

The research came under the title (Legitimate Rights of Man) and is a comparative study between Islamic law and positive law in relation to his right to life, by clarifying the legal rulings in the Islamic religion regarding those who kill the human soul, or violate it in a way that causes harm to it materially or morally. As well as knowing the provisions regarding anyone who transgresses against her in a way that requires her to be killed or harmed from the point of view of positive laws, and then clarify the aspects of agreement and difference between them, so that it becomes clear to us after that which of them is more careful, respectful, and preserving this soul from damage and causing harm to it, considering that Life has a natural right in the world of this world, and then it becomes clear why it should be sentenced to retaliation and death in each of them.

The title of our research is (The Three Stages of Logical Rooting and Opposition to the Shafi’i Methodology in the Principles of Jurisprudence, and its importance lies in knowing how to object to the Shafi’i methodology in a logical, scientific manner and benefiting from the stages of rooting and how to move from the stage of opposition in the methodology to the stage of prosperity and development in rooting the logical sciences in the principles of jurisprudence, which is one of the important sciences and of great benefit in raising awareness of thought and its reflection on behavior. The individual and society in life. and the nature of the research required that it be divided into two sections after the introduction and an introduction to the methodology and its stages. The introduction was devoted to clarifying the logical sciences and how they developed and how they needed three stages to root them in the principles of jurisprudence. As for the first section, the first stage included the method of logical rooting and opposition to the Shafi’i methodology and how it was represented by its pioneer, Ibn Hazm, who disagreed with The Shafi’i methodology in studying the principles of jurisprudence,. As for the first section, it included the first stage of how to logically establish and oppose the Shafi’i methodology and how it was represented by its pioneer, Ibn Hazm, who contradicted the Shafi’i methodology in studying the principles of jurisprudence, as he worked to formulate fundamental and jurisprudential issues in a logical manner by reformulating them in the form of rules, universals, and issues, and used the method of brevity in formulation. As for the second section, it includes studying the second and third stages of rooting the logical sciences in the principles of jurisprudence, and how, like Al-Juwayni, the second stage, he transferred the foundations to the stage of prosperity, and like Al-Ghazali, the third stage, he transferred him to development after prosperity, then I concluded the research with a conclusion that consisted of points that included the most important results of the study and a list of sources and references after the footnotes, and I ask God Almighty for success and payment, God willing.

The media, in its various forms, constitutes one of the most important means that contribute to the exchange of ideas and visions within society. It reflects culture and social development, and forms a bridge of communication between people. The media varies between speeches, lectures, and social media, each of which is considered a vital channel for transmitting ideas and values. The media plays an important role in conveying religious messages and promoting moral values in society. The message of religious media seeks to spread awareness and guide people towards goodness and piety. Its goal is to build an ethical and responsible society based on religious values. Using the media to spread religious messages enhances effective communication and sharpens religious awareness among the masses.For example, Sheikh Ahmed Al-Waeli, Sheikh Baqir Al-Maqdisi, and Mr. Munir Al-Khabaz are living examples of preachers who used social media innovatively. They are building a strong presence on social media platforms, where they engage people with meaningful and inspiring content that promotes religious values. The religious media message makes use of a variety of media to achieve its goals. It allows preachers to communicate directly with audiences through sermons and lectures, where they can convey religious messages in a direct and attractive way. On the other hand, using social media is an effective tool to interact with young people and different age groups. It consists of posting short videos, participating in live discussions, and providing daily tips on social media platforms.Religious media bear the responsibility of guiding people toward constructive thinking and moral behavior. It can shape public opinion and direct attention to important issues. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method in his study to reach the desired goals.

This study aims to identify the effect of using the multiple intelligence strategies in learning achievement for the first intermediate class students in the Arabic language curriculum.The study also identifies the problem in the answers for the following two questions :
1-Does the achievement of the first intermediate class students vary according to the variation of teaching strategies ( traditional, followed methods)?
2-Does the achievement of the students differ depending on the learner's gender?By using a strategy based on the multiple intelligence theory in teaching the curriculum of Arabic language for the first intermediate class students.The study has conducted the semi- experimental approach which has been carried out on a sample of the first intermediate class students consists of 75 student from Alghad Almubarak intermediate school for boys and 70 student from Khawla bint Alazwar seconday school for girls. These two samples are divided into two experimental groups and two control groups. The study tool has contained an achievement test prepared for this task and checking has done to certify the equivalence and stability .The selection of society based on the randm cluster sampling .The results analysis is done statistically by using test ( t ) .The reacecher has proved the following results: There are differences with statistically significance in the achievement test at the level of ( a 0.05) between the marks average of the experimental group students and the marks average of the control group with a rise for the experimental .The results also show that there are statistically significant differences at the level ( a,0,05) due to the variation of gender.The researcher found that it is better to apply the strategies of multiple intelligence theory in teaching Arabic to raise the efficiency of teachers' preparing programmes through out holding training sessions to enlighten them with the educational applications of the multiple intelligence theory in various researches.

1. The place is one of the basic components in the fictional art, which contributes to the construction of the text artistically and aesthetically. It plays an important role in shaping out the fictional work, as it constitute the general framework and the large container that builds all parts of the work, also it is the complementary part of the event and the ground and background of the action.
2. Therefore, the research came to study the element of place in the short story collection (Talbathi) by the writer (Haitham Bahnam Barada) because this group was characterized by coherent artistic techniques, as well as its dealing with fantasy and extraordinary things, which in turn worked to draw the reader into its depths.
3. The research was based on an introduction that included defining the importance of the fictional place, and then studying the duality of the closed and open space in the story collection, in addition to an appendix that included the biography and creativity of the writer.
4. The research adopted an analytical study of the texts that included both closed and open places in the novel to identify the artistic and aesthetic values and to clarify the implications of the text.

The study of the Arabic language and its comparison with its equivalent from the Semitic languages is one of the important and necessary studies in all circumstances and times, and at a time when there is much controversy about the origins of these languages, and their various influences from within these languages or from other foreign languages, especially since a team of modern linguists has appeared, some of them Arabs and most of them non-Arabs (mostly orientalists), inclined in their opinions to denial and exaggerated ideas, so they attributed Arabic words used by the ignorant to foreign origins, and claimed that it is a word expressed in other languages (such as Syriac, Hebrew, Abyssinian or others), merely appearing or similar in those languages. Their argument in this was that the Arabs were ignorant, illiterate, pagan Arabs, and that the words that they saw were foreign, words with religious, political, social, literal or other connotations, so they could not be from the heart of Arabic, they must be an emergency that was originally alien and then Arabized, and their first and last goal in that was to challenge the Holy Qur'an. For this purpose and in order to preserve the heritage of our Arabic language and our Holy Quran, so it was necessary to delve into the field of this study to find out some proofs and evidence that prove the position of the Arabic language from the Semitic languages and to know the strength of influence and influence among them, and to stand on the characteristics of those languages, so it was better to start with a simplified knowledge about the Arabic language and its position among the Semitic languages, and to provide a brief explanation of the characteristics of the Semitic languages, and to distinguish the characteristics that make the Arabic language the first in the Semitic languages, This prompts us to know the common and non-common characteristics of the Semitic languages, and to identify the effects to which the Arabic language has been exposed from the Semitic languages.

The research problem lies by identifying the rates of mature personal strategies for the sake of promoting the skill performance of tennis players and the aim of the research to learn about the percentage of mature personal strategies (psychological flexibility, sporting spirit, emotional maturity) with the skill performance of tennis players and the researcher used the descriptive approach to his suitability for the nature of the problem and form society One of the 48 advanced tennis players representing the Baghdad clubs. The researcher concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between independent variables of mature personal strategies (psychological flexibility, sporting spirit, emotional maturity) and the variable of the skill performance of advanced tennis players.

The study sheds light on the life and career of the Algerian national leader, Abdelhafid Boussouf, who was one of the most prominent and fundamental symbols of the Algerian liberation revolution. Bou Souf was born in 1926 and was influenced by the political and social events that Algeria witnessed since the beginning of the French occupation. Bou Souf became involved in the Algerian national movement from a young age and played a prominent role in organizing and arming the National Liberation Army, in addition to establishing the Algerian intelligence. Bou Souf's personality was characterized by intelligence and cunning. He was committed to the national cause and influenced by nationalist, socialist, and Islamic thought. In the post-liberation phase, Bou Souf retreated into the political sphere and devoted himself to business and trade, where he remained opposed to the new political regime. In the end, he died in 1980 under mysterious circumstances, which raised doubts about the causes of his death. It aims to understand the influence of political and social factors on Bou Souf’s personality during his life. The study also examines the problems that Bou Souf faced in political life after independence, and how post-revolution events affected his policies.

This paper comprehensively reviews recent advancements in deep learning, focusing on detection, water level prediction, and water segmentation using deep learning techniques. Floods have become a growing concern, necessitating accurate and efficient methods for monitoring and predicting water levels. Leveraging the power of artificial intelligence and deep learning, this review explores various methodologies and algorithms employed. The review also critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of existing approaches, identifies challenges, and proposes potential future research directions. Key topics covered include image segmentation techniques, water level detection and prediction models, datasets, evaluation metrics, and the integration of multi-modal data fusion for improved flood detection and prediction accuracy. By addressing deficiencies and highlighting the significance of this critical field, this review serves as a valuable reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working on flood management and disaster response.

This summary addresses an Islamic ruling, specifically on slaughtering animals. It defines the authenticity of the Hadith and the differences in its chain of transmission and text in the six major Hadith books. It also discusses the importance and ruling of invoking Allah's name during slaughter. The study aims to thoroughly examine the Hadith "Whatever causes blood to flow" by assessing its authenticity and variations in the six major Hadith books, providing a brief explanation, and clarifying unfamiliar terms. The findings of the study include: 1. It is permissible to shoot an animal with an arrow and then slaughter it before it dies. 2. Jurists differ on the ruling of slaughtering an animal using a bone or a nail. 3. Scholars have differing opinions on the phrase "And I will urge you..." regarding its status as a Marfu’ or a Mudraj Hadith. 4. It is recommended to slaughter a sheep with a knife, which should be sharp to ensure a swift and humane killing.

The current research aimed to identify a list of areas of the fourth industrial revolution, determine the extent to which the preparatory physics books meet the standards of the fourth industrial revolution, and determine the level of application of the preparatory physics books to the standards of the fourth industrial revolution. Thus, the researcher used the descriptive method following the survey method. The applied research sample consisted of 100 teachers, a school, and a specialist supervisor who were randomly selected from teachers and physics supervisors in the preparatory stage in the center of Al-Diwaniya province. The research tool consisted of 28 paragraphs, and it was verified that the truthfulness and stability of the fields of the research were established. After applying the tool to the sample of basic research and processing data, the research results concluded that the content of the physics books of the preparatory stage of the teachers and those of the fourth industrial revolution and those who were specialists The preparatory stage included the areas of the fourth industrial revolution with a medium degree, and the preparatory fifth grade physics book is the most comprehensive of the areas of the fourth industrial revolution, followed by the sixth grade physics book, and finally the preparatory fourth grade physics book. The field of nanotechnology came first out of the six areas of the fourth industrial revolution from the perspective of teachers and supervisors, as it was the most inclusive field, while the fields of cloud computing and big data analysis achieved the lowest ratio, where they came in last place. In light of these results, the research recommended a set of recommendations and came up with a set of suggestions.

Shams al-Din Sami has a lot of scientific products، especially in the historical aspect، including (Turkish dictionary and flags dictionary)، which are in the Ottoman language، as they were chosen (as a model) for research، and (Turkish dictionary) was issued by the (feet) printing press in Istanbul in 1899 AD، and it is one of the most famous books of Shams al-Din Sami، which is full of diverse vocabulary، especially vocabulary related to Ottoman history، as well as this dictionary is considered a source for translating Ottoman archive documents، The (flags Dictionary) issued by the press (Mehran) in Istanbul also and printed in six volumes during the years (1889 1898 AD)، a comprehensive encyclopedic dictionary of information and that it is a dictionary of the science of history، and the historical literature are important models to be selected as titles for research and academic studies because of the valuable information، and through this point of view this research was chosen in the hope that we achieve scientific benefit، especially in the historical field. The research consisted of three sections، as the first section came entitled (Shams al-Din Sami 1850-1904 AD and its scientific products)، while the second section was entitled (Turkish dictionary)، and the third topic was studied (flags dictionary)، and the research relied on a variety of sources، foremost of which are Ottoman and Persian sources.

تعد البصمة الوراثيّة أحد أنواع الأدلة الوراثيّة التي تستخدم في التحقيقات الجنائيّة لتحديد الهوية الفرديّة للأشخاص. وتختلف البصمة الوراثيّة عن البصمة الجلديّة المتعارف عليها؛ إذ إنَّ البصمة الوراثية تعتمد على التحليل الجيني للـ(DNA) لتحديد الهوية؛ حيث تبدأ عمليّة جمع البصمة الوراثيّة بأخذ عينات من الـ(DNA) الموجودة في الدم أو اللعاب أو أيّ نسيجٍ حيويٍ آخر. ومن ثم، يتم تحليل هذه العينات لتحديد التسلسل الجيني الفريد للشخص. ويتم تخزين هذا التسلسل في قواعد البيانات للمقارنة مع العينات المأخوذة من موقع الجريمة أو من المشتبه بهم. ويعود استخدام البصمة الوراثيّة في كشف الجرائم بالعديد من الفوائد؛ حيث تتيح هذه التقنية تحديد الهوية بدقةٍ عالية، نظراً إلى طبيعتها الفريدة والمستقرة لتسلسل الـ(DNA) لكل فرد. كما تعد أداةً قويّةً لدعم الأدلة الأخرى في التحقيقات الجنائيّة، مما يسهّل عمليّة إدانة المجرمين أو تبرئة المشتبه بهم. وكذلك يمكن استخدام البصمة الوراثيّة في توسيع نطاق التحقيقات لتضييق دائرة البحث عن المشتبه بهم أو تحديد العلاقات بين المتورطين في جريمة. وبهذه الطرق، تمثّل البصمة الوراثيّة أداةً قيّمة في مجال إثبات الهوية وكشف الجرائم، مما يساهم في تحقيق العدالة وتحسين أمن المجتمع.

The current study aimed to study the calendar in ancient civilizations as a special concept that has a meaning in measuring time and the different types of calendars for each civilization separately. The Sumerian civilization had its own meaning, as the Sumerian civilization played an important role in developing the calendar, and then a succession of civilizations adopted the calendar and timing.
The study relied on the comparative historical approach to compare each civilization separately, and to review what was developed and integrated up to the modern era. The study concluded a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that the lunisolar calendar system depends on a lunar year that corresponds to the solar year and is corrected every three years, in addition to another lunar month in the third year, so wait for it, which sometimes consists of 12 lunar months and 354 solar days, one 13 lunar month and 384 days. Average solar. The Julian calendar is considered one of the oldest methods that was devised by the Alexandrian astronomer Sozygin and adopted by Caesar in 46 BC. As for the geological calendar, it appeared as a result of the reform that was carried out on the Julian calendar at the request of the Vatican, Gregory VIII in 1582 AD, and that is compatibility with the rule adopted in Church to celebrate Easter. The Julian calendar is considered one of the oldest methods that was devised by the Alexandrian astronomer Sozygin and adopted by Caesar in 46 BC. As for the geological calendar, it appeared as a result of the reform that was carried out on the Julian calendar at the request of the Vatican, Gregory VIII in 1582 AD, and that is compatibility with the rule adopted in Church to celebrate Easter

Time and place constitute two important dimensions in literature, as they are two existential systems in which the human experience is integrated and through which, in the artistic work, they overlap in fundamental relationships, the artistic influence of which is difficult to separate. These relationships were defined in the novel “Hedgehogs on a Hot Day” by the writer Falah Rahim, in foundational symbols that were repeated many times, and in their random movement they took on a pattern that overlapped between the two dimensions in bilateral oppositions. Past/present, city/nature, circular/horizontal timeline, and closed/open. Or in single forms. This research attempted to reveal the implications of these formations and their connection to Rahim’s positions and artistic visions. There is no doubt that the nature of Rahim’s life between multiple places had an impact in molding his positions into specific directions that are often consistent with his sense of searching for identity. These patterns were strikingly reflected in his novel characters, who are often active and influential characters on the course of the novel.From the above, we find that time and place form a remarkable presence in Falah Rahim’s literature, reflecting the interconnectedness of the self’s relationship with its various times and places in its journey of completion and the maturity of its cognitive experiences accumulated through multiple life experiences. It is as if a person has a well that is his first roots, or his springs that overflow when moved by a mysterious mechanism, which is the product of the interaction of memory with active imagination. This well does not only store one's personal experiences; But it is also the legacy of humanity with symbolic representations, indicative of primitive human experiences, which are part of the collective (unconscious) that is passed down through generations by inheritance and not by tradition.

The contractor may refuse to sign the contract or be late, which provides the administration with the conditions for imposing a fine, compensation, or confiscation, as they are flexible contractual penalties that the administration has the right to enforce. However, it remains to point out that the contractor is a partner of the administration in managing the public facility, and accordingly the administration must recognize some of the rights or Guarantees that protect him from their arbitrary or excessive behavior at times, to give him reassurance so that he does not fear contracting with them. Likewise, legal logic requires that, in the event of granting a certain privilege or authority to one party, it grants in return to the other party rights or guarantees that protect it or exempt it from it.

Electronic evidence is one of the most important authorities that is not the way to deal with scientific papers in administrative and civil justice. It has contributed to facilitating and simplifying the processes of presenting justice and evidence before trial, thus improving justice. Proof depends on the use of electronic means of communication such as email, text messages, WhatsApp, digital certificates, etc. In this way, parties can rely on electronic documents as legal evidence before the court. A positive appeal for electronic proof is what allows him to submit costs, time and many paper documents. Please print your documents via courier, and parties can send their electronic documents easily and instantly.

This research aims to investigate “the effect of the (F.S.L.C) strategy on fourth-grade scientific students’ acquisition of biological concepts.” The researcher adopted it as an experimental study because it is the appropriate approach to its research procedures and its scientific and practical contexts, of a type with partial control for two groups “experimental and control” in the research methodology, and it consists The research population consists of students in the fourth scientific grade for the academic year “2023-2024” in the Samarra Education Directorate in Salah al-Din Governorate, and “Al-Qalaa Secondary School for Boys” was chosen, which includes (45) students in the two divisions included in the school and was chosen to represent the research sample, and a paper lottery was used. In determining the sample, Division (A) was represented as a control group whose number after exclusion of unequal students reached “20” students, and Division (B) represented the experimental group, which after exclusion reached (20) students, and thus they were rewarded with several variables and the test items were constructed. After verifying its psychometric properties, appropriate statistical methods were used, and after implementing the experiment and the final test, the researcher extracted results that showed the progress of the experimental group to which the (F.S.L.C) strategy was applied over the control group. In the fourth chapter, the researcher presented several recommendations and proposals related to research procedures.

There must be a reason or justification for everything that happens, especially issues related to the Arabic language, including substitution, and it has justifications mentioned by specialists in this science, including lightness, or appropriateness between some of them and one another, and other justifications. Hence our choice to replace the abstract pentatonic nouns; In order to reveal the reasons and appropriate phonetic explanations for them, relying on the type of phonetic relationship between the substituted and the substituted, the nature of the sounds and their juxtaposition with each other, and the effect of this on the occurrence of the substitution.

Travel and tourism companies are great importance in building strong relationships between people through the role, they play in promoting economic development and cultural understanding. It is known that the mental image of travel and tourism communication companies among the public has a major role in their appreciation and interaction with these companies, and understanding their effects on travel decisions and their choice. For tourist destinations, and from here came the idea from which the research problem began, represented by the following main question (What is the mental image of travel and tourism companies among the public of Baghdad city).Therefore، the research sought to achieve a set of the following goals (revealing the sources of forming the mental image and identifying the image of the services and websites of travel and tourism companies among the public of the city of Baghdad, as well as the methods used in forming the mental image). Therefore، the research sought to achieve a set of the following goals (revealing the sources of forming the mental image and identifying the image of the services and websites of travel and tourism companies among the public of the city of Baghdad، as well as the methods used in forming the mental image). The researcher reached a set of results, the most important of which are:- Websites are a basic and important source of information that the public needs in forming the mental image of travel and tourism companies, and the compatibility of the services provided with the advertising messages of travel and tourism companies. Travel and tourism companies use digital advertising windows to entice and attract customers، as well as using digital marketing channels to promote their products.

The science of the principles of jurisprudence is one of the legal sciences that is greatly concerned with highlighting the fundamental rules that are considered the main influence in deducing jurisprudential rulings. One of the important topics in the principles of jurisprudence are the topics of imitation, which highlight the interest of scholars in them by mentioning them in their books and writings, by inferring imitation from The Holy Qur’an, and an example of this is the Almighty’s saying: “And it is not for the believers to go forth en masse, unless a group from every group of them sets out that they might understand the religion and warn their people then Return to them that perhaps they will beware} ( ), and the Almighty says: {And We did not send before you except men to whom We revealed; so ask the people of the Remembrance. You did not know}( ) Through these blessed verses and texts, scholars sought to clarify the ruling and authority of imitation. Through this research, I seek to highlight the role of the scholar Ibn Abdul Hadi, may God Almighty have mercy on him, in explaining imitation and the issues and rulings related to it.

The research is traced the mocking masterpieces of the novelist, Evelyn's Waugh as new English novelist with a real focus on their delightful Blend of Wit and critique. The aim of this research is to analyze Evelyn Waugh as mocking masterpieces in examining the themes (concepts of the subject .The methodology part, involves comprehensive literary reading of the text by using A Delightful Blend of Wit and Critique in using a close reading of the text. The results reveal a remarkable ability of irony, to use humor, comic, and irony to use the absurdity of life of human beings. The discussions delve into effectiveness of Waugh as masterpieces of literature. It is added to ethical consideration. Finally, this research concludes that Evelyn's Waugh's mocking masterpiece offer the reader's delightful blend of entertainment, through providing critiques to human beings. His literary works can continue to audience with critical complexities to human life.

The current research aims to identify classroom management problems in vocational schools from the perspective of their teachers, as well as to determine statistically significant differences in their perspectives based on the academic achievement variable (Bachelor's degree - higher degrees). The current research is defined by teachers in vocational schools in the Directorate General of Education in Thi Qar Governorate for the academic year (2023 - 2024). To achieve the research objective, the researcher relied Using a descriptive approach in researching classroom management problems in vocational schools from the perspective of their teachers. Preparation of a questionnaire based on presenting an open-ended question to identify classroom management problems in vocational secondary schools from the perspective of their teachers. Based on their responses and after reviewing the literature and previous studies, the questionnaire was finalized after ensuring the conditions of validity and reliability, comprising (31) items distributed across (5) domains. Additionally, the researcher applied the questionnaire to the primary research sample consisting of (150) male and female teachers in vocational schools in the Directorate of Education in Thi Qar Governorate. The research results , There are classroom management problems in vocational schools from the perspective of their male and female teachers, which were rated as (high) according to the research sample's assessments of the questionnaire items and domains. There were no statistically significant differences in the research sample's assessments of the questionnaire based on the academic achievement variable (Bachelor's degree/higher degrees). In light of the research findings, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

Islamic law did not only take into account the pretexts in terms of blocking them, but it also took into account them in terms of conquest, and gave every woman the rule for her purpose. Conquest is the opposite of blocking, except that blocking is the prevention of a permissible action if it leads to the forbidden, and opening and leads to what is required, so it becomes required even if it was originally prohibited. It is necessary to open the pretexts that lead to attracting the benefits and objectives that cannot be achieved without them, and Jacob taking the pretext opens his doors to the doors of mercy, multiple embarrassments, and taking into account a reason, necessarily legal, which applies to creation, including compatibility with the objectives of Islamic law, and does not come out. About its scope by whims and distortions, and this is what we mean here in explaining the extent between conquest of the pretext and the objectives of Sharia law, where conquest is considered one of the purposes of Islamic law; Because it returns to the Sharia by facilitating frequency through machines and means.They all think that they would rather become wanted by Fatah if they stop achieving what is legally required than achieving it, so that it is not possible to reach the last project they brought, even if it was originally prohibited due to the lack of anything to replace it.
Keywords: purposes, espionage, electronic

The rapid growth in the use of the concept of media literacy requires that the public be informed of the positive aspects of using and learning these concepts Therefore, the researcher used a survey of a purposive sample of students from the Media Department at Imam al-Kadhim College - A. B. - Babylon, which numbered (50) students, to identify the contribution of media education in developing their digital capabilities in dealing with media and film materials, considering that the concept is new in Iraq and in need. To enhance the public’s capabilities with its knowledge. The researcher concluded that the concept of media education represents part of the interests of the sample studied, and was a factor and mediator in enhancing their digital capabilities in several methods, including detecting misleading content and rumors, rejecting hate speech, and confronting electronic blackmail.

Our study investigated the events and historical and political repercussions of the peaceful circulation of power in the monarchy and the parliamentary system in the lraq, as well as the establishment of the modern Iraqi State from the 19th century and the inauguration of the first king of lraq, king faisal l and his parliamentary government, after the creation of the first Iraqi Constitution in 1925, however, the events changed in line with the rule after faisal l's death to his son, Ghazi, as king of lraq, and assigned him to form his parliamentary government, leading to the inauguration of little king faisal ll as king of lraq after the death of his father, king Ghazi, in a car accident thereby led to the formation of his parliamentary government as trustee of his uncle prince Abdul-Elah, through the royal era of July revolution 14 1958.

The city of the ancestors that Al-Rikabi built in the heart of his city, Badra, in which the novel takes place as an imaginary city assumed by Al-Rikabi’s imagination, which is what makes water in the novel achieve a narrative and temporal extension between the town’s past and its present, in a way that gives it a kind of sanctity and historical legitimacy, in its extension. In natural and symbolic existence; Because it is the primary determinant of the fate of the town and the lives of its people. It is not just a source of water, but rather it is the origin of everything. The people of the town owe their continued living in dignity to it, and it is a witness to what is within themselves, their hearts, their emotions, and their existence. In addition, “water” in the novel text appears to frame the characters’ positions, their conversations, their moods, their agricultural and economic activities, their names, their times, and their fates in the town and in general. The space of water remains enveloped in its own narratives, which go beyond their realistic dimensions, to become a suggestive metaphorical, philosophical, and symbolic horizon that made the people At the same time, the town lives in states of calm, tranquility, integration, and cohesion, and states of anxiety, rebellion, rejection, and uprising, and many of the beliefs, certainties, and concepts in it are disturbed, including its change in the thinking style of the characters, with some of them drawn to their past and others’ openness to the future, embodied in a myth.” Water specifically In its impact on the course of events and the development of characters, making its main focus the confused relationship, created by “water”, between man and man in the town; Because the fictional text is full of what water symbolizes, and this is what prompted us to choose the fictional text (The Seventh Days of Creation), taking the receptive approach as a way to explore the connotations of water in the text, after we divided the research into a preface that talks about water and its relationship to the narrative as a space of multiple connotations, and we attached it to two sections that included the first: Water and its effect on characters. The second topic included the symbolism of water.

The novel is a faithful transmitter of the human experience. It was and still is narrating the human condition and presenting questions about his confusion. Therefore, it was natural for the novel to deal with the paradoxes of life, as life as a whole is full of a number of contradictions and contradictions, given that the writer is the one who reveals everything that goes on in society. He tries to employ images of society in literature, so the paradox appears in various aspects related to existence, society, and the individual. The narrator Hadiya Hussein has shed light in her novels on the paradoxes of life.... She sprinkled the salt of life on some life situations and fateful topics, shedding light on the state of society and its paradoxes, by presenting her ideas about some situations, and made these paradoxes appear on the lips of the characters. The research followed the descriptive approach in studying and analyzing the paradoxes in the novel to reach the desired results.

Thank God for his innumerable blessings and his everlasting thanks and prayers and peace for the good of the wilderness Muhammad, his God and his companions all It is no secret that it has a connection with the divine Constitution and that understanding its methods and Arts is paving the way that leads to diving into the seas of this divine miracle, especially for interpreters; because of its connection with the knowledge and understanding of the Holy Quran, and one of these sciences is the science of derivation and drainage research orbit marked with(Nasiriyah) by he would mention the opinions and then follow them by commenting, responding and agreeing, and he would remind the world of his name one time or his book another time, His views were indicative of his knowledge and culture in this area .

The present research aims to identify the effect of using conceptual maps in the teaching of art education on the academic achievement of fifth grade students. To achieve this goal, the researcher followed the experimental method. The researcher adopted a sample of the students (70) from the fifth grade, The sample to two experimental and control groups and the conduct of the equivalence between them and the application of the concept maps strategy to the experimental group.

The wise author\'s study of the personality of Al-Mukhtar Al-Thaqafi was characterized by a methodology of analysis, justification, and scientific inference. Al-Mukhtar\'s biography, history, politics, and thought were studied, along with the political conflicts and ideological beliefs that sprouted from them. The author analyzed many historical texts through a critical historical perspective in an attempt to reach the truth and expose the fabricated positions and fake additions in many of those texts. The sources and references used in the study date back to the political situation that Al-Mukhtar Al-Thaqafi experienced during the cross-conflict between the Umayyads and the Zubayrids and the position of the Al-Bayt and their Imams (peace be upon them) and their Shia from that conflict. The author used a scientific methodology to trace the studies of orientalists on Al-Mukhtar Al-Thaqafi and objectively criticized many of those orientalist studies, avoiding sectarian and religious bias. The author\'s writings on this subject were characterized by clarity and unity of the subject matter and coherence of ideas as an integrated unit while dividing the book into chapters.

The aim of the research is to identify the difficulties encountered in learning Spanish grammar. The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool for his research. The results of the research showed multiple difficulties and on various aspects of the book and the method, problems of educational and psychological. And recommended the current research through its results to identify the total difficulties and try to demonstrate to the administration of the department and work to overcome them in order to get the language student to the language skills that qualify for the labor market, and proficiency in language skills and understanding the grammatical level of the language and employment with other aspects.

This research aims to build a training program according to linguistic criticism in developing the skills of analyzing literary texts among students of Arabic language departments in colleges of education. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a training program that included educational objectives, theoretical and applied content, appropriate teaching methods, accompanying activities, and educational means, and the validity was verified. By presenting the program to a group of arbitrators and experts, and using the necessary statistical methods, the researcher concluded that the training program is comprehensive for developing the skills of analyzing literary texts, and includes a set of objectives, teaching methods, educational methods, and evaluation methods. The researcher came up with a set of procedures that he believes will lead to developing the skills of analyzing literary texts in Arabic language departments in colleges of education. In light of the results, the researcher drew some conclusions, and to complete the research, the researcher proposed some proposals.

Quality has become, not a short time ago, the main strategy adopted by most business organizations in facing competition and winning the race in international markets, based on quality improvement procedures that operate according to the rule of eliminating waste in all its forms, which ultimately means efficiency in time, effort, and cost, and thus excellence and success as well. It is about enhancing the organization\'s ability to respond to the customer\'s needs and expectations and even exceed them and gain his satisfaction.

Imam al-Mubarakfuri grew up in a prominent scholarly family and received his education from the most notable scholars of his time. He studied and excelled in most of the prevalent sciences of his era, earning the praise of many scholars. Imam al-Mubarakfuri was known for his humble scholarly approach, presenting different jurisprudential opinions on a matter and favoring one without disparaging any of the scholars. He had sound preferences and substantial evidence supporting his views, whether they aligned with the majority of jurists or a minority. Imam al-Mubarakfuri followed the methodology of the esteemed scholars before him, using detailed evidence to support the jurisprudential opinion he favored. He relied on the widely accepted sources of the Quran, the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH), consensus (ijma'), and analogy (qiyas), as well as disputed sources such as public interest (maslahah mursalah), custom ('urf), juristic preference (istihsan), and presumption of continuity (istishab), among others.

Summary: This research raises the manifestations of the past of the poet , the king Al-Mutamid bin Abbad Al-Andalusi, and aims to monitor his poems that he said in captivity, to extract what he relied on in the past time, the days of his glory, the days of his rule of the Iberian Peninsula almost entirely, Seville, Cordoba, Valencia, and Murcia. , days poetry, singing, and maidservants, days of lush, enchanting nature and palaces, days of war, adventure, and love. Time passed and he was defeated by Almoravid prince Youssef bin Tashfin, who carried him shackled with iron and shackles, and threw him into prison, “Aghmat” prison in Morocco. Then his pride was became humiliation, his palaces became shackles, and his poetry was weeping, nostalgia, and memories, and he continued to feel humiliated and broken until he passed away in 488 AH. Hence, this study takes advantage of the partial manifestations of those days in Al-Mu'tamid Ibn Abbad, and attempts to understand his compassionate sentiments during the captivity into : the first: relying on memories, and the second: comparing the past time with the present, preceded by: key words, and a brief overview of Al-Mu'tamid Ibn Abbad.

The Present paper aims at designing an STEM Approach Instructional Design Based on Active Learning Strategies and Its Effect for 1st Intermediate Student's Scientific Literacy in Teaching physics text book. The proposal design consists of six stages (S-T-E-M). A Scientific Literacy Test has also been constructed while consists of (40) Multiple Choses Question items, all steps of tests construction have been adhered to in building this test. Whose effectiveness has been proved by the find results of this paper.

The research included preparing exercises according to the anaerobic energy system that are compatible with the capabilities of the sample members according to the requirements of developing the physical and physiological needs of the archery players from the sample members, which included testing the strength endurance of the arms and the explosive strength of the legs and the strength accompanied by speed for the arms, as an indicator of the functional capacity of the anaerobic lactic pulse and cardiac output, and from that the researcher addressed the role of special exercises according to the anaerobic energy system and the extent of its impact on developing functional variables of physical abilities as a factor affecting the accuracy of shooting in the effectiveness of the archery activity for the sample members. The results of the study showed that the exercises of this system caused a development in the physical and physiological aspects of the accuracy of aiming for the sample members. The researcher concluded that the anaerobic capacity exercises affected the development of these variables. The researcher also recommended that such exercises be used to develop the requirements of physical and functional effectiveness and accuracy of aiming for the sample members of different ages.

Our study is in the fields of human knowledge, its approaches and its relationship with religion, and where our research will be in the thought of the doctor and scientist in the field of anthropology, the famous French national Gustave Le Bon 1841-1931 ( ), who is one of the best who researched the study of several sciences and fields of human knowledge and that he preceded the scholars of his time in this scientific field, and the field of research in which we will write in light of his famous book "The Psychology of Crowds", which is his most important work in studying the behavior of crowds, which was published in 1895 AD, which achieved a great reputation for him, we will seek in our research to clarify the concept of mass anthropology that Le Bon's theory produced, and to clarify its purpose, as individual psychology is complemented by social or group psychology as the author of the book states, as group psychology has a direct impact on individuals in terms of religious, intellectual, educational and historical orientation, and not far from our Arab thinker Ibn Khaldun, who studied in the fourteenth century the psychology of human groups through their renaissance as well as Its decline, we will try in our article to show three important theories that could be a title for our series of ideas in light of the psychology of the masses, which are the theory of the social model, the theory of collective identity, and the theory of social desires and needs, and approaching them in light of the Islamic intellectual cognitive field and its role in crystallizing Le Bon’s theory about the possibility of the psychology of the masses and their ideologization for political, social, or collective interests. Today we live in an atmosphere of freedom of thought, orientation, and religion, and we also experience intellectual, sectarian, religious, and international conflicts. God Almighty said: (Have they not traveled through the land and have hearts by which to reason and ears by which to hear? For indeed, it is not eyes that are blind, but blind are the hearts which are within the breasts.

Imam Razi al-Din al-Rumi (may God have mercy on him) explained the system of Imam al-Nasafi (may God have mercy on him) regarding the difference between the jurisprudence of the Hanafi imams with some of them, and with the Shafi’i and Maliki imams (may God have mercy on them), so I achieved this explanation and presented it in the way that the commentator intended. When there is a disagreement with non-Hanafi imams, the statement is attributed to The Hanafi school, and this indicates that Imam al-Radi is one of the Hanafi jurists and not an imitator. The method of my research was to study and verify this manuscript. It included an introduction in which I explained the importance of the topic, the reason for choosing it, and its objectives. The research plan that I followed in the study and investigation included two parts: Section The first: the study section, and the second: the investigation section. As for the first section, I divided it into two sections. The first section was devoted to studying the life of the author of the system, who is Imam al-Nasafi (may God have mercy on him). It included several requests about his name, his nickname, his sheikhs, his students, and his death. As for the second section, it was devoted to studying the life of the author of the manuscript, Imam Radi al-Din al-Rumi (may God have mercy on him). It contained several questions about his name, his nickname, his sheikhs, his disciples, and his death, as well as a description of the manuscript’s copies. As for the second section, it is concerned with verifying the manuscript. And prove the sources and references.

The research aims to identify the effect of the fishbone strategy on the achievement of the general teaching methods subject among students of basic education colleges. The researcher used the experimental design with partial control of the experimental group and the control group with a post-test. The researcher chose Hall (B) to represent the experimental group that studies according to the fishbone, and Section (A) to represent the control group that studies in the traditional way. The number of students was (57) male and female students, with (28) male and female students in the experimental group and (29) male and female students in the control group. The two research groups were rewarded in the variables: chronological age and intelligence. The researcher prepared the research tool, which is the achievement test, and the psychometric properties of the tool were verified. The researcher used the t-test for two independent samples to process the data. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group that studied according to the fishbone strategy in achievement among third-stage students of the College of Basic Education.