Psychological Science

Abstract:
The research aims to identify soft skills and their relationship to personal intelligence among students of the College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haytham, and is there a correlation between soft skills and personal intelligence among students of the College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haytham according to the gender variable (male, female), and grade (first-fourth) The limits of the research included students of the College of Education for the academic year (2021-2022) and for the morning study only. The researcher adopted Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (1993) because it formed a theoretical framework for personal intelligence. Jean Piaget's theory sprouts a special theoretical basis that explains soft skills. The basic research sample consisted of (134) male and female students from the College of Education for Pure Sciences - Ibn Al-Haytham, and the researcher was asked to build a measure of soft skills among university students. A paragraph that takes into account the different social situations that the student is exposed to, and the researcher used the appropriate statistical procedures, and the results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the tabular and calculated values, and showed that the calculated value is greater than the tabular ones, which means that college students have soft skills, as well as in the variable of personal intelligence there is Statistically significant differences, which means that the students of the College of Education possess personal intelligence, meaning that there is a direct relationship between soft skills and personal intelligence among college students, and there are no statistically significant differences between males and females in soft skills and personal intelligence, while there are statistically significant differences according to the grade variable. In favor of the fourth grade, the researcher suggests studying soft skills with other variables such as self-disclosure, artificial personality, cognitive preferences, and studying soft skills in other age groups.

Abstract:
The intermediate stage is considered one of the important stages in the student’s life, as it is a period of physical, psychological and social changes, and emotional instability, and the features of human behavior appear on his behavior, especially traffic violations and lack of traffic awareness , which is socially unacceptable behavior, which many students in middle schools suffer from . Accidents Traffic is a phenomenon that exists in all societies, whether those classified as first-world countries in terms of their technical and industrial progress and those societies that are industrially and technologically backward, but there is of course a difference in the quantity and quality of these accidents between those societies This is because the contrast and differences in the type and number of traffic accidents often associated with a culture of traffic in human beings the driver himself despite the existence of ASPA many overlapping b and lead to traffic accidents, The present study was aimed at building and the application of traffic awareness scale of intermediate school students, and the researcher built and the application of a measure traffic awareness , which will be in its final form of ( 49 ) paragraph, having been as extraction sincerity and distinction paragraphs were S T abscess validity and reliability measure of traffic awareness Using the appropriate statistical means, and after the scale was applied to the statistical analysis sample of ( 200 ) male and female students, and the researcher applied the scale to the final application sample of (200) male and female students, which was chosen randomly, the study found that the traffic awareness scale It has good psychometric properties, the presence of a high level of traffic awareness among the research sample , the presence of an impact of gender on traffic awareness and in favor of the female sample , and the presence of statistically significant differences between the sample of the first and middle grades in the middle of the third grade , and the spatial study recommended the use of the traffic awareness scale by school principals in school students diagnosed in Almto middle , with the possibility of teaching traffic culture to the curriculum and the study suggested a similar study on students in middle school and compared to the results of the results of the current study. .

Abstract
The current research aims to identify the leadership thinking of the heads of scientific departments. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach in his research. The research sample consisted of (285) department heads in Iraqi public universities for the academic year 2021-2022 AD. The researcher's theory (Hermann) and then he merged the theories (Sperry & Maclean) to come up with the theory of the quadruple brain. This theory provides a model for thinking methods that apply to leadership thinking as a thinking process, as it includes analytical, logical and creative thinking. This is what Raimond emphasized within the integrative theory of leadership thinking. Through the scientific and creative approach, the fact that the thinking of leaders at the same time is a scientific and creative process that depends on analysis, synthesis, creativity, and prediction, and both sides of the brain (the right and the left) participate in its performance. It consists of four dimensions (executive, legislative, social, organizational) with (8) paragraphs for each field and five alternatives (applies to me to a very large degree, applies to a large degree, applies to me to a moderate degree, applies to a low degree, does not apply) it is the measure of leadership thinking: The leadership thinking scale was built, which consisted of four domains, with (32) items for each domain (8) items, and the alternatives were five. The researcher also verified the stability of the scale by (re-test, split midterm), and the stability coefficient reached (0.85), and the researcher also used the Spearman-Brown equation, and the stability coefficient reached (0.81).
After completing the application of the tools on the sample, and following up with the researcher, the results showed that the research sample possess leadership thinking according to dimensions and in varying proportions.
In light of the results, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract :
This study aims to identify:
1) The emotional imbalances among preparatory school students.
2) The statistically significant differences in the emotional imbalances of preparatory school students according to the variable of gender (male -female) and specialization (scientific – literary).
To achieve the aims of this study, the researcher built a negative moral feelings scale which consisted of 16 items, and each item has 3 alternatives (I agree, sometimes I agree, I disagree). Also, a self-deception scale was built which consisted of 24 items, and each item has two alternatives, that is, two choices. The researcher extracted the psychometric characteristics, which are the discrimination, and the validity of its logical, apparent and constructive types. As for the reliability coefficient, it was extracted by the test-retest method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The researcher applied the scale to a sample, which was chosen randomly and consisted of 400 male and female preparatory school students, both scientific and literary specializations, in the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad Al-Karkh / The First from the morning studies, by 200 male and female students from the scientific branch and 200 male and female students from the literary branch.

Abstract:
Intelligence is one of the most ranked characteristics when looking for a life partner. However, measuring this rank usually precludes the possibility of assessing the most favorable intelligence score for a current life partner or future spouse. Theoretically, it is suggested that high levels of intelligence should be evaluated in a potential partner because intelligence represents a wide range of highly inherited abilities that may offer evolutionary advantages. However, it has also been argued that people may only seek "...a certain level of satisfaction in intelligence...", and the emergence of the concept of sapiosexual (also known as sanity or Sapiophile), an individual who finds high levels of intelligence to be the most attractive sexual characteristic in the other gender, suggesting that intelligence may be an inherently sexually attractive trait, at least for some people. To date, no clear evidence related to the value of different levels of intelligence has been recorded or investigated. Despite indirect theoretical and empirical research, there is very little research that has directly addressed the hypothesis that intelligence may be attractive, specifically sexually.
It is worth noting that most people who generally need psychological treatment do not receive it at all. Individuals hesitate to seek psychological help and specialized psychotherapy for mental disorders. This may be due to the effect of stigma, which can involve people's responses to mental disorders, help-seeking, and self-stigma, as well as their perceptions of the negative reactions of others ("public or perceived stigma").
Thus, the current research aims:
1- Measuring the level of Sapiosexuality among Iraqiah University students according to gender (males and females) and the academic stage (the first and the fourth) for the academic year 2020/2021 and the differences between them.
2- Measuring the possibility or intention to seek psychotherapy when needed (according to the Mental Help-Seeking Intention Scale (MHSIS)) among Iraqiah university students according to gender (male and female) and educational stage (the first and the fourth) for the academic year 2020/2021, and the differences between them.
3- Measuring the possibility or intention to seek psychotherapy when needed (according to the Mental Help Seeking Attitudes Scale (MHSAS)) among Iraqiah university students according to gender (male and female) and educational stage (the first and the fourth), for the academic year 2020/2021, and the differences between them.
4- Finding the relationship between (Sapiosexuality) and (the intention to seek psychotherapy when needed), among Iraqiah University students, for the academic year 2020/2021.
As for the current research society, it was determined by the students of the Iraqiah University/ undergraduate studies, male and female, for the academic year (2020 /2021) and from different stages, and their accounts is (N= 11944) male and female students. They were distributed to (10) colleges. As for the research sample, they were selected in a stratified random way. They were (n= 400) male and female students from the departments representing: the College of Education for Girls, the College of Media, the College of Law and Political Science, and the College of Education, for the first and fourth stages. The age of the current research sample ranged between (18 and 27 years), with an average of 20.4775 years, and a standard deviation of 2.1889.
After delving into the procedures of this study, and with regard to the first aim: it was found that the research sample, in general, had a significant low degrees of sapiosexuality. As for the gender variable, the results did not show any significant differences among (females), meaning that they are neutral towards sapiosexuality, in contrast to males, who appeared to have significant low degrees of sapiosexuality.
As for the variable of the academic stage, the results showed that (students of the first stage) had significant low degrees of sapiosexuality, in contrast to (students of the fourth stage), the results did not show any significant differences in them, that is, they had medium degrees of sapiosexuality.
As for the significant differences between (males and females) and between the two stages (the first and the fourth) with regard to the variable of the level of sapiosexuality, and after using the t-test for two independent samples, the results did not show any significant differences between them.
As for the second aim of the research, it was found that there are significant differences with regard to the variable (intention to seek psychological help (MHSIS)), that is, the research sample in general, and with regard to the variables (gender) and (study stage), the results showed that they are all both have significant differences, that is, they have the intention to seek psychological help when they need it. As for the significant differences between (males and females) and between the two stages (the first and the fourth), the results did not show any significant differences between them.
Concerning the third objective of the research, it was found that there are significant differences in regarding to the variable (attitudes towards seeking psychological help (MHSAS)), meaning that the research sample in general, and the variables (gender) and (study stage), the results showed that all of them have Positive trends towards seeking psychological help when they need it equally, and with significant differences.
As for the significant differences between (males and females) regarding the variable (attitudes towards seeking psychological help (MHSAS)), the results did not show any significant differences between them. As for the significant differences between the students (first and fourth) regarding the variable (attitudes towards seeking psychological help (MHSAS)), the results showed significant differences between them and in favor of the fourth stage, meaning that their attitudes towards seeking psychological help are higher than that of the first stage students.
Finally, with regard to the fourth aim, and after extracting the matrix of correlations between all research variables using Pearson's correlation coefficient, all the results indicated significant of the existence of positive correlations, with a large effect size. Thus, we conclude that the higher the scores of the sapiosexuality questionnaire among the research sample members, the greater their attitudes and intention to seek psychotherapy when needed.
Finally, the research came out with some recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
altaearuf ealaa: - ealaa alaihbat alwujudii w alainsihab alaijtimaeiu ladaa almusiniyna. wamaerifat alealaqat bayn alaihbat alwujudii walainsihab alaijtimaeii fi mujtamae almusiniyn w dalalat alfuruq al'iihsayiyat fi alealaqat alairtibatiat bayn alaihbat alwujudii walainsihab alaijtimaeii tabeaghir aljins (dhkur- ainathi). aisdar aisdar jadid (2023) walitahqiq aihdaf alsafhat alhaliat albahithat bibina' miqyas (alahbat alwujudii) muetamidan ealaa nazariat li (frankil, 1982). hayth tumakin albahithat min bina' miqyas (alainsihab alaijtimaeii) muetamidan ealaa nazaria (adlar) faqad tama aistikhraj jinat alsaykumitriat lilmiqyas adh aisbah almiqyas bisurat kamilat mukawanat min (20) faqrihu. bayanat albayanat alati tama jameuha fi albayanat alsaabiqat SPSS adharat alnatayij ean ma yati: - aifrad eayinatan albahth alhalii aihbat wujudi wainsihab aijtimaeiun walatuajad furuqan bayn mutaghayir aljins wahunalik ealaqat airtibatiat mabin almutaghayirin .. .wafi hadhih alnatayij alkhuruj bimajmueih min alfaeilat walmuqtarahati.

Abstract:
Academic and educational institutions in different countries of the world have become interested in their administrations possessing the necessary skills for communication and exchange of opinion, because work, no matter how technically developed or possessed of capabilities, remains hostage to the minds that manage it and manage its affairs. In view of the great interest in Social Intelligence from developed countries, as it is one of the important areas in improving relations within the educational academic environment and activating communication and social interaction in universities.
The current research aims to identify the expected benefit thinking among administrative teachers, as well as to identify the significance of the differences in Social Intelligence according to the variables (type, scientific title, length of service) in order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers prepared the scale, which reached the number of its paragraphs in its final form after making sure Of the psychometric characteristics (23) items, then the researchers applied the scale to the research sample, which amounted to (400) administrative teaching staff, who were randomly selected from the University of Baghdad, males and females, for the academic year 2021/2022, and the results showed the following:
- The research sample of administrative teaching has aSocial Intelligence good.
- There is no contribution of the two variables (social intelligence) to the dependent variable thinking about the expected benefit of the administrative teaching staff.According to the results, that researcher has presented a set of recommendations and suggestions

Abstract:
The current study aims to find out the level of psychological stress among school teachers in light of the armed conflicts and aggression against Yemen. The study tool was applied to a sample of (245) male and female teachers (governmental/private). The results of the study showed that the respondents suffer from psychological stress, and it was at a high degree on most of the items of the scale, and at a very high level in the total score of the scale and its sub-dimensions. Where the psychosomatic dimension came in the first place, followed by the economic dimension in the second place, the social dimension came in the third place, and the professional dimension came in the last place. There are also differences according to the variables of the study, which are: sex, teaching experience, marital status, salary, school, in favor of males, experience from 11 years and over, married, unpaid, and governmental, and there are also no differences according to the variable of the number of family members.

Abstract:
The research aimed to identify a counseling program in the method of awareness of here and now in reducing self-deception among university students, by verifying the validity of the following zero hypotheses:
1. There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the score ranks of the experimental group in the pre and post tests on the self-deception scale.
2. There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the score ranks of the control group in the pre and post tests on the self-deception scale.
3. There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-test on the self-deception scale.
Use the experimental method; to validate the research hypotheses; The experimental research sample consisted of (20) female students, with (10) female students in the College of Education for Pure Sciences as an experimental group, and (10) female students in the College of Basic Education as a control group, who were not exposed to any guiding intervention. In the current research, a deception scale was used. The self, which was prepared by the researcher for the year (2023), and it consists of (28) items. The validity of the scale was used by the experts by using apparent validity, and constructive validity. As for stability, it was used by the test-retest method, and the Alpha Cronbach coefficient of internal consistency. The researcher used the here and now awareness method. For the purpose of reducing self-deception, the number of sessions was (9) sessions, the duration of the session was (50) minutes, and for the purpose of ensuring the validity of this program; It was presented to a sample of experts specialized in the field of psychological counseling. They confirmed its validity in reducing self-deception.
The search results showed the following:
1. There are statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the score ranks of the experimental group in the pre and post tests on the self-deception scale in favor of the post test.
2. There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the score ranks of the control group in the pre and post tests on the self-deception scale.
3. There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the scores of the experimental and control groups in the post-test on the self-deception scale in favor of the experimental group.
In the light of the research results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract
The problem of cyber extortion stems from the modern problems in our society. It has considered a social problem related to the individual, family, and community. It usually occurs through spying, illegally using websites, threatening, extorting, and defaming others causing harm to them through various information technologies. This problem has also become a concern of society, which called on the Iraqi Ministry of Education and the university to conduct research and studies to protect individuals and find solutions to these problems. Thus, the study aims to identify the psychological effects of cyber extortion, as well as the study aims to identify if there are statistically significant differences between males and females according to the psychological effects of cyber extortion. For this purpose, a scale of (30) items of two dimensions, was developed by the researchers and applied to a random sample of (250) males and (250) females of students and the teaching staff at the University of Baghdad after the validity and reliability of the scale were verified. The results showed that the research sample suffers from social and psychological effects due to cyber extortion, Females were affected psychologically more than males because of cyber extortion. The research found no significant difference between males and females in the social effects of cyber extortion. Finally, the study came out with a set of recommendations and proposals

Abstract
The aim of the current study is to measure the variables of peer Victimization and Suicidal Ideation among preparatory students and to measure the correlation between them. Each domain includes (4) items, and the alternatives to correction were (never = 0, never once = 1, more than once = 2), while the suicidal tendency scale consisted of (20) items distributed over (4) domains (suicide Selfish, Abnormal Suicide, Altruistic Suicide, Anarchic Suicide) and each of the domains includes (5) paragraphs and the correction alternatives were (Applies perfectly = 5, applies to often = 4, applies to me sometimes = 3, applies to rarely = 2, does not apply ever = 1). The researcher concluded that the research sample The current suffer from peer abuse, and of both sexes, and do not suffer from suicidal tendencies, and that males are more rejected than females of the idea of suicidal tendencies. There is also a very weak positive correlation between the two variables. The researcher also concluded a set of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract:
The research aims to Identify Stress of Conscience, The significance of the differences between Stress of Conscience to the gender variable (male-female), Years of service, and Academic achievementو In order to achieve the aims of the current research, the researcher used the Stress of Conscience scale which consists of (32) items in their final form, the research check the psychometric properties such as rarity and reliability for both scales.
Then the two scales were applied to a sample of (470) Nurses, And by (259) Nurses (211) female Nurses from the research community In a number of hospitals in the city of Baghdad
The results of the current research indicated, based on the use of A number of statistical methods In light of result indicated :
that The Stress of Conscience in nurses was higher than average, Meaning the respondents had Stress of Consciencein, There is no difference in Stress of Conscience in nurses to the gender variable (male-female), There is a difference in Stress of Consciencein ordeal according to the years of service and in favor of the category of more than ten years, There is a difference according to the variable of academic achievement.
In light of the indicated results, a number of recommendations and proposals were made for subsequent research.

Abstract:
The objective of the research is to achieve the following:
1- 1-Building a training program on the theory of the five minds of biology teachers for the fifth grade.
2- 2-Recognize the impact of the training program on the successful intelligence of fifth-grade scientific students.
Until the achievement of the first goal, the training program was built according to the theory of the five minds and applied to the teachers' sample (experimental group), starting Sunday (30/10/2022) until Thursday (10/11/2022). To achieve the second objective, the researchers adopted the experimental partially tuned design of the experimental and control groups with a tribal and post-measurement of the successful IQ for students in the fifth grade, and the sample of students consisted of (218) students for the experimental group, (219) students for the control group, and the research tool, the measure of successful intelligence, was prepared and the scale consisted of (36) A paragraph distributed to components of successful intelligence (analytical, creative, practical), and after verifying the authenticity and consistency of the tool, applied to students of the two research groups In the first semester of the school year (2022-2023), the results of the research showed that the students of the pilot group teachers outperformed the students of the control group teachers in successful intelligence.

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to determine the major factors that contribute to suicide from the perspectives of psychological and social experts generally as well as from the perspectives of psychologists and social workers individually.
To achieve the aim of the research, a questionnaire consisting of (28) items was prepared, which was collected from an open-ended survey question to a sample of psychologists and social workers. The questionnaire was designed in its final form. It was applied to a sample of psychologists (106) specializing in psychology, psychological counseling and clinical psychology, as well as social specialists (46) specializing in sociology from various universities and colleges in Baghdad and the provinces. Thus, the total sample reached (152).
After processing the data statistically by using the weighted mean and the percentage weight, the research concluded that the psychological and social specialists in general believe that the most prominent causes of suicide are (the exposure of the individual to life pressures that are difficult to deal with, the weakness of religious faith, the loss of hope in changing the reality in which the individual lives, the deterioration of social values, The negative view of the self), while psychologists believe that the most prominent causes of suicide are (weak religious faith, exposure of the individual to life pressures that are difficult to deal with, loss of hope in changing the reality in which the individual lives, feeling empty as a result of unemployment, deterioration of social values), while Sociologists, are believed that the most prominent causes of suicide are (the exposure of the individual to life pressures that are difficult to deal with, the loss of family support for the individual, the loss of hope in changing the reality in which the individual lives, the negative view of self, the psychological pressure on children to reach high levels of achievement).