Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

Abstract :
A field experiment was conducted in the fields of a farmer in Mahaweel , 20 km North Hilla , Babylon center during the autumn season 2013 in silt soil in order to study the effect of foliar application of four concentrations of potassium ( 0, 100, 200, 300 mg K.L-1 ) as K0, K1, K2, K3 treatment and four calcium concentrations ( 0, 50, 100,200 mg ca.L-1 ) as Ca0, Ca1, Ca2, Ca3) added as K2SO4 and CaSO4 in growth and yield of maize cv. )Bhoth 106(.applied in accordance with the style of factorial experiments and randomized complet block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used. The results showed that the level 200 mg k.L-1 giving the highest average high plant,leaf area, leaf area index, number of rows per ear, number of grains per earn , grain yield , biological yield , and harvest index , (236.55cm,6188.7cm2 , 3.300,17.232 rows\ear,537.1 grain \ear,10.183ton.h-1,24.139 ton.h-1 and 42.16%) The treatments had no significant effect on number of ear and 500 grain whereas the concentration300 mg k.L-1 giving the highest content leaves form K 1.724 g\mg and concentration 200 mg ca.L-1 giving the highest percentage Ca in leaves 1.442 g\mg . Ca application and the interaction between K and Ca had no significant effect .

This experiment was conducted on the wheat plant (Triticum aestivum), for the period from 14 \ 11 \ 2007 to 3 \ 2 \ 2008 in container 1 kg prepared for the purpose of the experiment to study the possibility of using (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) plant water moss in fertilization that widespread in the Euphrates River in the western area of the river in AL-Kufa city .In addition to the use of , urea fertilizer, triple superphosphate and animal manure as fertilizer in sandy soils taken from the desert region between the provinces of Najaf and Karbala, with content of organic matter (7.0)gm.kg-1, were the wheat crop was planted in continer dedicated to it.that purpose then measurements were taken after 40 days from sowing.

The present study was carried to reveal the efficiency of filtrate of Metarihizum anisopliae on some biological aspects of saw toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilitis suriuamensis. HPLC technique was also used to analyze the component of the filtrate. The results showed that the filtrate contains some effective toxins such as Destruxin B, Destruxin C and Swainsonine at concentration 1.48,0.69 and 1.74 ug/ml respectively.

A field study was conducted at farmer filed located in Almashroa city,in Babylon of province Iraq during the growing seasons of 2013 – 2014 to evaluate the effects of different concentatiors of the (humi star).foliar applications of Tillering stage significantly increased ,number Tillering/m2, number spikes/ m2 . foliar applications of elongation stage significantly increased , plant height, weigh of 1000 grain , grains yield , grain yield at enlongation stage gave the highest value which was 4.42 t/ha. Foliar applications of nutrients at booting stage significantly increased , flag leaf area, number of grains /spike 1. Application of humi stars at conc. 25ML /L. significantly increased all characters , grain yield was 4.78 t/ha.All of trails were significantly influenced by interaction between foliar stages x humi stars conc. Spraying solution containing humi stars at enlongation stage gave the highest weightof1000grain,was 40.25gram.

The results of this study indicated that fungus T.harzianum and P. fluorescens has high antagonism ability against the pathogenic fungus isolates causative fusarium wilt disease in watermelon under laboratory conditions. Bacteria caused inhibition for growth of F.oxysporum (FO1,FO2,FO3,FO4) on PDA medium. The rate of inhibition was 66.6, 72.2, 66.6, 55.5 % respectively after 7 days of incubation. GELTANOL and DORADO fungicides were achieved inhibition rate of 100%, and 50-55.5% respectively . The results also showed that all control agents used have caused a significant increase in the percentage of watermelon germination of the seeds in the presence of infected fungus. Treatment of a T.harzianum , P. fluorescens , GELTANOL and DORADO were caused increase percentage of germination to 87.5, 85.0, 95.0, 65.0% respectively. The results also showed that all the treatments used have achieved a significant reduction in the rate and severity of infection. The rate of infection was 41,42, 0.0, 51%, and the severity of infection was 18, 19, 0.0, 28% respectively, compared to the control treatment (F.oxysporum only) when it was 100%and 75.75% for the rate and severity of infection respectively.

An experiment was carrid out to planting cuttings in 1/3/2013 under dateplam shadow in orchard at Babylon Governorat on cutting olive cv. Bashikah and Ashrasei . The base of cutting were immersed in IBA and NAA of three concentrations(2000,2500 and 3000ppm) and (100,200 and 300 mg / L ) The cuttings were planted directly after treatments and pulled after 3 months from growing .Results showed that , wounded cutting stocks as well as that treated with IBA and NAA alone or incombinations creases a significantly in values of the studied characteristis compared to control treatment . The treatment (IBA2500 mg / L +NAA 200 mg / L +wouning) produced highest increases in rooting percentage,, number of roots and their length , length of shoots and number of leaves for the both cultivars respectively. The heigh concentrations of IBA and NAA decreasd values of the studied characteristics.

Used materials cover for palm peak growth and pomegranate peel by ratio determined for noted ability it in inhibition radial growth for Curvularia clavata fungus , shown results fund ratio high influence for materials on radial growth for fungi give concentered 1/ g / L for yellow material from palm peak growth great on radial growth for fungi contrary to pomegranate peel that was great ratio influence by concentered 10 /g/ L compared to for both materials by treatment control also that yellow material great influence compared to pomegranate peel, also funded for time influence on radial growth particularly day seventh as well as observe through funded influence high though interference with treatments particularly yellow material as well as treatment pomegranate peel compared to by control, also have interference time with concentrations where higher influence especially concentrated 10 / g / L as well shown interference treatments and concentrations was higher on redial growth particularly yellow material compared to control .

The study was conducted in northern Iraq, 70 km to the north of Mosul city of Atroosh natural Pine forests (Pinus brutia Ten.) between 36˚ 31 ̄ - 36˚ 51 ̄ latitude and between 43˚ 20 ̄ - 43˚ 21 ̄ longitudes. The area elevation is between 782m and 1036m also with average slope between 3.65% – 18.91% . These are renewable Natural forests which should be maintained and managed with great efficiency .

An experiment was conducted by using pots contain 15 kg of slity sand soil collected from one located in Al- diwania river, Al-Qadisiya province.to study of effect of foliar mixed (foliacon) which contain amino and (viva) contain organic materials was studied in growth and yield of broad bean cultivar Spain (variety Luz-be-otono)in winter season of 2012,. experiment included spray of amino acids. organic materials, and combination (foliacon + viva) and control with 5 ton. ha-1 of organic fertilizer (OrgnoFert) as design (CRD).

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the field of extension farm in Almhnanwia in Babylon in mid July 2013 to study the effect of organic fertilizer type (poultry waste , straw wheat waste and remnants of palm fronds) with four levels (0 , 4, 8 and 12 tons.ha-1) and two levels of humic acid (spraying and without spraying ) on the growth of maize. The experiment was conducted according to randomized complete block design with three replications. Humus was sprayed for three times (25 days age , at the onset of male flowers in the grain filling stage). The results showed that , poultry waste was superior in influencing vegetative growth (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index and chlorophyll leaf content). All levels of compost added were superior significantly compared to control. The level of 12 tons. ha-1 was excellent in increase all above growth indicators. Spraying humic acid caused a increases in all growth indicators above. The interaction of compost type × level, compost level × humic acid spray had a significant effect on most of the indicators above , while the triple interaction had a significant effect on plant height and leaves number only.

This experiment was applied in the canopy of the college of Agriculture / university of Al-Qadisiay . In the field experiment, wheat and bean plants were cultured in the pots with three replicates for each plant. After two months from germination the rhizosphere was taken for those two plants . In the laboratory experiment the rhizosphere soil for every plant were treated with maize and cow residues as organic resources were added 2 grams to the soils for every organic resources except which the controls using three replicate for every treatment . The treatments were incubated for 30 days and in this period the CO2 releases was estimated in(1,2,4,8,19,30) days from incubation and in the end of this period the bacteria and fungi numbers were calculated in the rhizosphere . The results showed that CO2 released was increased with increasing time of incubation for both plants . Also the results showed that the cow residue was the highest in the CO2 released compere to the maize residue and control for both plants .

A field experiment was carried out at Alfandea, Babil during autumn 2013 and spring 2014 season to find out the response of some genotypes of Zea mays L,for agriculture distances and stages of foliar spray with Prosol to achieve highest grain yield. randomized complete block design according to the split-split plots arrangement with three replicates. The main plots included spray stage (non spray, 4, 8, 12 leaves), sub-plots included sowing space (65 and 75 cm) and sub-sub plots included genotypes (Abkarov-1 and Artnear). The results showed superiority of spraying phase at 4 leaves with characteristics (number of rows per ear, number of grains per ear and total grain yield), sowing space (65 cm) superior with total grain yield despite the superiority of sowing space (75 cm) with characteristics of yield components, and Artenear cultivar superior with character of total grains yield during autumn and spring season. The tri-interaction (spray stage 4 leaf x space 65 cm x cultivar Artenear) was superiored with total grain yield during autumn and spring season. There were a positive significant correlation between total grains yield and the yield components yield under studied.

The study was conducted to identify particle size distribution of gypsum and soil mineral particles ( sand , silt and clay ). Also , to study the effect of gypsum content of gypsuferous soils dominated in the Middle Euphrates Region. Three

400 milk samples were collected from 100 Awassi and 100 Hamdani ewes from many farms in Mosul city from both left and right sides of udders, in order to detect cases of mastitis and the prevalence of its bacterial etiological agents . Six percent of Awassi ewes and 9% of Hamdani ewes were infected with clinical type of mastitis at one side of udder which were characterized by swelling and redness of udder , changes in colour and consistency of milk with appearance of pain at palpation of udder and fever.Also, subclinical mastitis cases were detected by modified whiteside test and calculating somatic cells in milk samples .The tests showed that 21% of Awassi ewes and 24% of Hamdani ewes were infected with subclinical cases of mastitis . The results of milk samples analysis with Eko-milk analyzer revealed a significant decrease in protein , fat , lactose , and density in milk samples of animals which were infected with clinical and subclinical cases of mastitis , while it was observed that

This experiment was conducted to observe the effects of feeding common carp reared in floating cages by sinking and floating aliment .The average weight of common carp used were 216.3±3.9 ,in 3 replicate for 125 day where they are feeds with 5-7% of dody weight daily depend on temperature. The result showed that the floating aliment gave the best body weight gain, daily weight gain , and feed conversion ratio, total mass gain\m3 were the best as compared with the floating aliments(1866.7,14.93,2.15,91.85) while the sinking aliments gave (1297.3, 10.40, 2.85, 64.34 ) respectively .The economic study indicate that net income of the floating aliment used more than that of sinking aliment(3039 ID\kg fish , 279132ID\m3 and 10.051.188 ID\cage) cage for floating as composed with(2039 ID\kg fish,131184 ID\m3 and 4.860.160 ID\cage) for sinking aliments.

This experiment was conducted in special nursery in AL-Hilla city during (2013-2014) on budded apple Malus Pumila Mill to find out the effect of three factors; the first the Budding by two cultivars of apple (Anna, Alsharabi) and the second factor two type of rootstock (Omara apple, Quince) and the third factor spray by foliar nutrition with Floral N (0 gm/L, 2.5 gm/L, and 5 gm/L) and three times,20 days between each time. A factorial experiment in R.C.B.D design (The Randomized Complete Block Design) with 3 Replicates. Means were compared using L. S. D at 0.05%. Results can be summarized as follow:

A field experiment was carried out during the autumn season of 2013 in a private farm located in Al-Hashimiya region (20 km east south the center of Babylon province), to study the effect of spraying salicylic acid and phosphorus in grain quality of maize under conditions of deficit irrigation. Split-split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications , in which operated irrigation treatments (A0 full irrigation, A1 deficit irrigation by prevent one irrigation at vegetative stage ) the main plots while phosphorus spraying B0 , B1 and B2 (without spray, spraying of 1000 and 2000 mg P .l-1 respectively), in sub plots and salicylic acid C0 , C1 and C2 (without spray, 0.5 and 1.0 mM), represented the sub-sub plots. Maize grain (buhooth 106) were seeded in 20/7/2013 on ridges 70 cm apart . The data were taken after harvest , and analyzed upon the design practice and the averages were tested by (LSD) least significant difference. The results showed that deficit irrigation reduced grain content of phosphorus and potassium and a significant increase in the percentage of protein. Spray phosphorus (1000 mg P .l -1) was superior significantly by giving highest grain content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sodium, and salicylic acid C2 (1 mM) was superior in giving the highest grain content of phosphorus, potassium and calcium . The interaction between the factors studied had significant effect in most studied characteristics.

A field experiment was carried out in sewage water treatment station in ( Al-maimirh ) during the winter season 2012 – 2013. RCBD was used with two factors . The first factor was irrigation water in which three qualities ( river water , treated sewage water , drainage water ) were used . The second factor was Nitrogen fertilizer in which five levels (0 , 50 100, 150, 200 ) kg urea. h -1 were used. There were fifteen treatment combinations replicated three times . Barley seeds were planted in field plots in order to study the effect of irrigation water quality and the levels of nitrogen fertilizer applications and their interactions on the growth and yield of barley plant and the availability of some nutrient elements .The results showed that the product of dry matter weight , grain yield , 1000-grain yield ,chlorophyll content in the leaves and the plant contentration of N, P and K were decreased when drainage water was used in irrigation while they were increased when sewage water was used in irrigation and with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer levels .The concentration of total N was and available P and K in the soil were increased with using sewage water and drainage water in irrigation except potassium concentration which was decreased when drainage water used for irrigation.

This Study was conducted at Alamir Poultry Corporation Babylon pronince for the period from24 2013/11/to 28/112013 /to show the effect of in Ovo early Feeding (IOF) by Solutions of Choline Chloride, Methionine and Betaine on the hatching percentage and the wheight on hatching. Eggs were used From Mother hens type Ross-308 at the age of 33 weeks and they had been Cateyorized into six treatmants each with (150) eggs. The treatmants wereT1: control without injection,T2: Control using distilled and Sterile Water only, T3: Control piercing the egg Shell Only and Sealing it with wax and T4,T5,T6: Injecting the eggs with 1.5% Choline chloride, 2% methionine and 2% Betaine respectively. The results showed that significant increase (p<0.01) in the Percentage and weight of Chicks on hatching and in significant decrease in the death percentage of chicks in the ovo feeding treatments When Compared to the chicks hatched from control treatments.

Field experiment was carried out in Mishkhab rice research station to evaluate three irrigation rice genotypes IR 78581-12-3-2-2, IR 80482-64-3-3-3 and PR28351-PJ24-2B-2-3-3-2 entered from International Rice Research Institute IRRI with control class called Yasamin for three years (2011 – 2013). The results showed that genotype IR 78581-12-3-2-2 characterized by late flowering, low plant high, high number of seeds / panicle, 1000 seed weight and grain yield (tn/h), while genotype IR 80482-64-3-3-3 gave us high panicle length and high panicle/m2.

An experiment was carried out in one of the private field in Al-Radwaniah , western south of Baghdad to study the effect of spraying two types of organic fertilizers , Alexin [0 (control) , 1.25 g/L (Alx1) and 2.5 g/L (Alx2)] and Tronver [0 (control) , 1.5 ml/L (Tro1) and 3 ml / L (Tro2) ] using four verities of potatoes Arizona , Riviera , Ambition and Lusa class Elite . Potato tubers were planted on 2-Feb-2013 used application N,P,K 120 : 60 : 200 kg / ha . Plants were spread at 45 and 65 days after planting . Split Plot Design with three replications was used. Results showed that Ambition was superior in number of stems per plant (4.60 stem / plant) and greatest number of marketable tubers (7.05 tuber / plant) and highest average tuber weight (107.87 g/tuber) and greatest of yield per plant (788.16 g) and marketable yield (40.69 ton/ha) . Fertilizer Tro2 gave highest in all vegetable growth and yield characteristics. Treatment Ambition with Tro2 was superior in most yield characteristics , its gave greatest number of marketable tubers (8.47 tuber / plant) , highest yield per plant (947 g / plant) and greatest marketable yield (50.07 ton / ha) , while treatment Lusa with Tro2 gave greatest of average tuber weight (112.43 g / tuber). The suggestion could be made that spraying of organic fertilizer Tronver in concentration 3 ml/L , 45 and 65 after planting resulted in highest yield per plant and marketable yield and produce healthy crop contain small amount of pollution chemical.

The experiment was conducted at the fields of one of the farmers in AL-Mussaib regon , 30 kmt north of Babylon province , for the two spring seasons of the years 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of cutting numbers of green feed yield and its quality for several cultivars of Sorghum bicolor L.Moench . Afactorial experiment was carried out included three cultivars of Sorghum bicolor which were : Inchaz , Spanish hybrid , Iraqi native , while numbers of cutting which included aprimary cutting treatment after 50 days of culture , and asecond cutting treatment after 45 days from the first cutting treatment, and it has given the symbols C1 and C2 . the cutting was done at high 20 cm of the soil surface , and the results showed the following :Asignificant effect was illustrated to the cultivars for the two seasons , the Spanish hybrid was surpassed in green feed yield trait which gave 29.89 and 33.11 ton\h as well as the fibers and protein percentages and it was not significantly different from the Inchaz type More over the Inchaz cultivars was surpassed by giving ahigh concentraction of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) for the two seasons . The cutting of two times treatment caused significant increase in the green feed yield , and it gave yield which was 43.83 and 48.68 ton\h for the two seasons respectively , and it was surpassed in the fibers and ash percentages for the two seasons, as well while the frist cutting treatment was surpassed significantly in protein percentage and HCN concentration for the two seasons . Asignificant interaction was appeared between the cultivars and the cutting numbers in all studied traits which included green feed yield , dry matter , protein , fibers and ash percentages with HCN concentration for the two seasons . We recomend to use the Spanish hybrid with the second cutting as it is preferred to get green feed .

A laboratory experiment was conducted in the technical college of al Musiabe in Babylon Government . A standard Procter test was applied on six coarse soil sample texture it has (98, 93 , 90 , 85 , 80 and 75)% grader sand to determine the maximum Bulk density of this soil sample and the optimum water content of this Bulk density . the results showed that the value of maximum Bulk density is ( 2058, 1653 , 1790 , 1967 , 1987 , 2042 ) meg.m-3 and the optimum water content of this soil sample were ( 11.0 , 11.8 , 11.4 , 12.21 , 9.26 and 12.13 ) % respectively .

Plant tissue culture were used for the propagation of Duranta erecta L. using three explants were cultured on stenle MS medium supplemented with Kin at 0.0 , 1.0, 3,0 and 5.0 mg/L for studying the effect of explant and Kin concentration on proliferation of shoots. Results showed that the flower bud was significant in shoot number (1.00), while the highest shoot length was in flower bud and shoot tip (0.365 and 0.305cm respectively). Results showed also that the Kin concentration was significant in shoot number and length, the best concentration was 1.0 mg/L which gave 1.13 shoots and length reached to 0.446 cm. shoots were rooted in MS medium half power supplement with 0.5 mg/L IBA.

The study was conducted at the Poultry research and teaching farm-Department of Animal resources college of Aquicalture.AL-Qasim green University. A field study was carried out from 31.10.2013 until 12.12.2013 for the purpose of knowing the effect of adding organic acids (butyric acid and citric acid) individually or mixed to the diets of broiler on the total number of lactic and coliform bacteria in the small intestine used in This experiment was used 420 chicks one day old type (Rose 308 classic ) distributed randomly at the age of 8 day to 7 treatments with a (60 birds) for each treatment Each treatments divided into four replicates for 15 birds per replicat and the treatments were discribed as follow :

To study the effect of irrigation intervals , irrigation after 5, 10 and 15 days and potassium levels (0, 120 and 240 ) Kg K . ha-1 on some growth parameters of corn (Zea mays L.) crop . Field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture – University of Baghdad in Summer season 2013 . Experimental unit area was 10 m2 (2.5m × 4m) , with three Furrows at every experimental unit in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at three replications . 120 Kg P ha-1 was added at sowing time and 240 Kg N ha-1 added at three stage of plant growth with the addition of potassium levels ( at vegetative growth , inflorescences and at tasseling stage ) . Quantities of water were calculated for every treatment ( 5 , 10 and 15) days using 675 mm season-1 water requirement . The results showed that using 15 days as irrigation period significantly decreased plant height , leaves area and chllorophyl content at present of 11.8 , 31.0 and 19.6 respectively for (T3) treatment compared to (T1) , while proline concentration significantly increased with increasing the period from 5 days to 15 days at percent of 84.5 % . Potassium level (K2) increased plant height , leaves area and chllorophyl content at leaves significantly at percent of 27.9 , 3.4 and 23.4 respectively compared to control treatment (K0) . Proline concentration decreased significantly with increasing potassium level .All interactions between irrigation periods and potassium levels had a significant effect all above parameters .