Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

An experiment was carried out in one of the private fields in Al-Radwaniah , western south of Baghdad to study the effect of spraying three types of foliar fertilizers in two concentration [two of them Organic , Amino power plus in recommended concentration 4.5 ml / L (Am1) and highest concentration 9 ml / L (Am2) and AlGaton 2.5 ml / L (Gt1) and highest concentration 5 ml / L (Gt2) ] and inorganic fertilizer Agroleaf 15 g/L (Ag1) and highest 30 g/L (Ag2) , using two varities of potatoes. Safrane (S) and Desire (D) class Elite. Potato tubers were planted on 3-Feb-2011 used application N,P,K 120 : 60 : 200 kg / ha. Plants were spread at 45 and 65 days of planting. Split Plot Design with three replications was used. Results showed that Desire was superior in all vegetative growth characteristics. Fertilizer (Ag2) and (Gt2) treatments gave highest values of all vegetative growth traits. Treatment (DAg2) gave highest plant length (95.75 cm), greatest number of leaves (82.50 leaf / plant) and largest total leaf area (44.83 dcm3/plant) while (DGt2) resulted in highest number of stems per plant (5.63 stem / plant). Desire was superior in all yield characteristics except the average tuber weight (105.39 g/tuber of safrane). Treatment Gt1 gave highest yield characteristics except total number of tubers (9.68 tubers / plant for Gt2). Interaction DGt1 gave greatest number of marketable tubers (8.15 tuber / plant) , highest yield per plant (893.73 g / plant) and greatest marketable and total yield (46.21 and 47.67 ton / ha respectively) . The suggestion could be made that spraying of organic fertilizer AlGaton in recommended concentration 2.5 ml / L , 45 and 65 days after planting resulted in highest marketable and total yield and produce healthy crop contain small amount of pollution chemical .

Three-way crosses was carried out among seven maize inbred lines, IK, IPA21, W13R, IPA46, OH40, IK58 and IPA17 to obtain 105 hybrids. Genotypes (inbred lines and their three-way crosses) were planted through 10 July, 2010 at Al-Guba (5 km from Mosul Center) using randomized complete block design with three replications, to estimate variances and effects of general and specific combining ability of all kinds for inbred lines and three-way crosses respectively, and determine the gene action that control the inheritance of grain yield per plant and it's components (ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear and 300-grain weight) using triallel analysis. The results of variance analysis for three-way crosses showed that hybrids mean square was highly significant for all studied characters, and there were evidence for the presence of additive, non-additive and epistatic gene effects for all characters. The inbred line IPA17 characterized by significant desirable general combining ability as grandparent or parent for ear diameter, number of rows per ear, 300-grain weight and grain yield per plant, and some three-way hybrids shown as significant specific combiners for most characters, especially the hybrid (IK58 x IPA17) x OH40, which characterized by significant desirable specific combining ability for all studied characters. The comparison of variances of general combining ability effects with that of specific combining ability effects indicates the importance of dominance and epistasis (dominance x dominance) gene effects in the inheritance of all characters, that is an indication of the importance of production of hybrid varieties of maize or recurrent selection for specific combining ability as breeding methods to improve these characters.

An experiment was conducted in private nursery in Babylon Governorate (Jennt Al-Ahlam) during the period of 25/6/2010 untill 3/2/2011 to study the effect of spraying of three concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) i.e. 0 , 50 ,100 mg L-1 and three concentrations of chelated magnesium i.e. 0 , 500 , 1000 mg L-1 on the vegetative growth and flowering parameters of Chrysanthemum plant "Chrysanthemum hortorum Hort." with three spraying times i.e. 1/8/2010 , 1/9/2010 and 1/10/2010 for chelated magnesium and 4/8/2010 , 4/9/2010 and 4/10/2010 for Benzyladenine (BA) The experiment conducted as factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates, Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used at probability of 0.05 to compare the means of treatments .
Results showed that :
spraying with benzyl adenine at concentration of 50 mg L-1 or chelated magnesium at concentration of 1000 mg.L-1 increased significantly all studied characteristics which gave the highest leaf number , percentage of vegetative part dry matte, mean of root length , flower diameter , flower stalk diameter , the percentage of protein and phosphorus stem diameter increased significantly with benzyl adenine at concentration of 100 mg L-1 or chelated magnesium at 1000 mg L-1 . as compared to control treatment . Results also revealed that the interaction between plant treated with benzyl adenine at concentration of 50 mg L-1 and chelates magnesium at concentration of 1000 mg.L-1 increased significantly all the studied characteristics .

Two field experiments were conducted in two locations, i.e Afak area and Barakat village in AL-Qadissaya Governorate at autumn season of 2010 to study the effect of concentration (LIQ HUMUS) humus liquid fertilizer on growth and yield of three potato cultivators .
The experiment included 12 interaction treatments which were the result of three potato cultivars ( Aladin, Burren and Arnova )and four concentrations of Liquid humus fertilizer (0,50,75 and 100 ml/L). Spraying was done three times during the growing season with an interval of 14 days.
The results showed superiority product of BURREN (A2) cultivar showed significant increase on the studied and more than spraying all the concentrations of the LIQ HUMUS moral in all the qualities above the treatment comparison, as it gave a focus (100ml.L¹) the highest averages compared to the treatment comparison (sprayed with distilled water only), which gave lower averages, but both my experience. The results of the overlap between the workers and a significant effect in the qualities above, as it gave the treatment of overlap A2B3 highest averages be total yield mean (27.4) compared to treatment A1B0, which gave less averages, be total yield mean(10.83) and both my experience and, respectively.

This experiment was conducted on private nursery at Babylon governorate for seasons 2010 - 2011 on seedling olive K 18 at six month old. The seedling were spraying with GA3 , Cu, and B at conc.( 200 , 250 and 30 ) mg\ L respectively at 15 /10 / 2010 and 1\ 4 \2011. The result indicated that spraying of seedling with treatment singular and together caused a significant increasing in the rate of length , diameter , number of leaves and number of the plants branches , leaf area , weight in fresh and dry and content of leaves form chlorophyll , total carbohydrate percent , Cu , B and GA3 .The treatment of ( GA3 + Cu + B ) have the highest rate of those characteristics compared to control treatment .

This experiment was conducted on a private nursery at Babylon Governorate upon the period Feb.2010 until May to study effect of four different concentrations of IBA (0.00, 1000, 2000 ,3000 mg /L ) on rooting percentage ,rooting growth parameters on Five Rose Cultivars cv.s (Opera, Peace, Ideal, Millano & Starling silver).
Cuttings were taken (12-14 cm) length, contain, 2-3 leaves, treated with IBA concentrations, each treatment consist of 20 cuttings replicated 3 times.
Results showed that cuttings treated with IBA at a concentration of 3000 mg/L produced a significant increase of the rooting percentage, rooting parameters (number & length of roots, dry weight), over with other treatments.
The result showed that Opera gave the best values with significant increase in the rooting percentage, length of roots, dry weight percentage according with other cultivars.
The interaction between cultivars and IBA concentrations per cvs showed a significant difference in rooting percentage, numbers and length root & dry weight percentage of the root.

N-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidin (MNNG) and acridin orange (A.O.) was used as mutagenic agents for generation of gramicidin negative mutants of Bacillus brevis. Three gramicidin negative mutants were obtained by using MNNG (1000mg\ml) and ten gramicidin negative mutants were obtained by using A.O. (3mg\ml). A relationship between streptomycin resistance and suppression of gramicidin production was noticed. The resistance to streptomycin was increased five folds in mutant strain as compared to the wild strain.

Water surplus (WS) is calculated for Umm Er Radhuma aquifer using different methods. The data include monthly averages of nine stations and daily averages for Nukhaib and Salman stations which are located in the middle of western desert.
The averages of climatic elements for twenty consecutive years (from the water year of 1985-1986 to the water year of 2005-2006) were determined from the climate information recorded at these stations. Water surplus (WS) was found to form (29.34%) of rainfall. This reflects the portion of rainfall that recharges the aquifer. Water deficit, on the other hand, was found to be (70.66%). The natural recharge of groundwater in the desert was found to be (5%) of total rainfall. The natural recharge of Umm Er Radhuma aquifer is in the order of (3.8×108 m3/year).

The research aimed to identify the level of application of the farmers of the methods of modern scientific how to maintain the environment in general, and to identify the level of their application in each fields of the research, and arrange the fields of research according to the application level, and to identify the correlation between the level of the application and the independent variables examined. For the purpose of obtaining data for research adopted questionnaire composed of two parts: first part, the information on the personal aspects of communication and of respondents, and second part consisted of four aspects by 30 items to measure the level of application of the subjects of how to maintain the environment. After making sure of the honesty and sincerity of the virtual content of the form was measured mid-term stability and compartmentalized manner. Find all farmers included in the district of sheikhan in the governorate of Nineveh's 1400 farms spread over the villages sheikhan district, where I took a simple random sample of them by 5% and by 70 respondents.
The results showed that 46% of the respondents, the level of their application of medial, and 37% the level of their application of low, while those who were with the level of their application high at barely 17% of the total respondents (that the level of the respondents to the application of modern scientific methods of how to maintain the environment in the district of sheikhs in general is the medial).The results showed that the level of the application of the subjects of the methods of modern scientific in how to preserve the environment in the areas of research was in accordance with the following order (pollution caused by air pollution, pollution resulting from the breeding animal species, pollution from pesticide use, pollution resulting from the contamination of drinking water) and respectively, as results also showed that the variables (age, training, sources of agricultural information) have a correlation significantly the level of the application and variable educational attainment has no correlation moral level of the application, the researcher recommends the need for the stakeholders of agricultural competent to enter farmers in the region conduct training in order to increase the level of knowledge and experience in how to preserve the environment, particularly in the areas (pollution caused by contaminated drinking water, pollution from pesticide use), and conduct similar studies of this research aims to identify the level of application of the farmers of the scientific recommendations of how to maintain the environment in other parts of The country.

The experiment was conducted in the lathhouse of Horticulture Department – College of Agriculture – Baghdad University in fall season of 2006 to investigate the effect of electric shock (E.S.) on DNA of Antirrhinum majus.Three levels of E.S. severity AC (6,8,10 Ampere) and three timings of treating (2,4,6 minutes ) were tested plus the control. A special electric apparatus was prepared for this purpose. Sprouted seeds and seedlings were soaked (before the E.S. treatments) for 3h in a 1% NaCl solution. Then they soaked in a fresh water for the same period ( 3h ) before they planted in the soil. The genetic study included DNA finger printing for some selected plants
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) were employed. The study was carried out at International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)-Aleppo-Syria. Antirrhinum majus showed clear morphological differences on either the vegetative or flowering growth. The genetic analyses by RAPD or AFLP and Genetic Distance for selected treated plants comparing to untreated (control) was performed. Highest Genetic Distance (42%) by RAPD markers and 27.5% by AFLP markers was recorded on plants that their sprouted seeds were treated by (8A X 6mins).

A stady on the influence of Zinc sulfate heptahydrate(Znso4. 7H2o) and magnetized water on growth and flowering of Antirrhinum majus “Snapshot red"was conducted in Lath house belonging to Hort .Dept ./ College of Agric /Uni . of Baghdad in Fall seasen of 2009.Zinc concentrations applied were 0, 0.25 ,0.5 .1.0 g/l . They were sprayed twice; the first one was carried out a month after transplanting, the secand foliar application was 21 days after the frist one . Water was magnetized by a magnetron regenerates 500 gauses .The results revealed that ZnSo4 levels improved all vegetative and most flowrering parameters .The levels 1.0 g /L of ZnSo4was superior on number of branches \plan(45%);no of leaves\plant 37%، 59% increasing in leaves area;28% of the dry weight and 13% of chlorophyll leaves content.The treatment increased flowering stem diameter by 21% ، 23% of no.of florets /inflorescense; 55% of no.of inflorescenses /plant flowering date took 8.3% days less than untreated plants .Plants irrigated by manetized water responded positively ;Plant height increased by 15%; no .of branches /plant 26.7%;no.of leaves /plant 18%، 59% increasing in leaves area; 15% of the dry weight and 14% increasing in chlorophyll pigment .Moreover ,most parameters were enhanced compariag with regular water ,flowering stem diameter and no. of florests were increased by 12%; no.of inflorecenses /plant 4% and flowering date was shortened by 5% .

This study was conducted in the lathhouse of the Techinques of plant production department / Technical college / Musaib during 2007-2008 ، including : The effect of sour orange seedling spray with Prosol 0، 2 and 4 g/L and Garlic bulb crud 0، 5 and 10 cm3/L . Experiments were factorial in RCBD with 3 riplication .
The results reflected the following findings :
Results replay that Garlic bulb crud at 10 cm3/L resulted in the highest means of the vegetative qualities and leaf NPK content .Prosol solution at 4 gm/L was the superior treatment in giving the highest rates of vegetative characters and NPK content .Interaction of 10 cm3/L Garlic crud and 4 gm/L of Prosol solution had a posative influence on the vegetative characters and the NPK content of sour orange seedlings.

To investigate the response of rapeseed to spray with four Boron levels, a field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2004-2005 at The Experiment Farm, Department of Field Crop Science, College of Agriculture- Abu-Ghraib.
A spilt-plot arrangement with RCBD with three replications was used. The varieties (Pactol, Bristol) were assigned in the main plots, whereas the concentrations of boron (spray water only, 300,600,900mg B.L­¹) as sub-plots. There was a significant effect for varieties for all traits except weight of 1000 seeds.gm. Pactol come over in all yield components, while Bristol overcome in oil percentage of seeds 42.50%. The boron concentration 900 mg.L-¹ gave a significant increasing in seed yield/plant about 54.24% increased and total seed yield kg.ha about 84.75% increased due to producing higher number of siliques/plant, number of seeds/silique compared with control respectively. Spraying 900 mg.L-¹ gave significant oil percentage of seeds 42.85% and highest oil yield 634.24 kg. ha. Weight of 1000 seeds.gm did not significantly affected by all the treatments applied. There was significant interaction between varieties and spray treatments in number of siliques/plant only.

The Research has been done for the period which extended from the first of April till the end of June 2010, A total of 40 cows aged between 1-4 years from both sexes in Central Hilla Slaughter house were examined. The Cows were examined clinically then blood samples were collected from vein and those samples were divided according to the ages into 3 groups, the first group was in between 1–1.5 year, the second group was in between 2–2.5 year and the third group was in between 3–4 year, Blood smears were stained with Giemsa stain 10% and examined microscopically, also blood examination were done to notice the changes in some blood values resulting from the parasite infection.
The results showed that the total morbidity rate was 47.5%, The results also showed an increase in the morbidity rate with the progress of animal age, as it amounted to 33.33% in cattle that are less than two years while the morbidity rate of up to 52.94% in cattle between the ages 2-2.5 years, and the cows that their ages more than three years were high morbidity rate of 80%, the results also were indicated that females were more sensitive to infection as compared with males, it was 51.72% in females which was higher than in males which was equal 36.36%. It was noticed from the results that Theileria annulata parasite has an effect on some blood values, Which included a
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البحث مستل من اطروحة ماجستير للباحث الاول

significant reduction of total Red blood cells, Hemoglobin concentration, Percentage of Packed cells volume and Platelets count and there was no significant effect of White blood cells number.

This experiment was conducted in plastic house during the season 2010/2011 to study the effect of training method and spraying of Micronate-15 and their intraction on growth , flowering and yield of Tomato Cv. Newton. Four training methods were applied (one stem , two stems , three stems , four stems) and 4 concentrations of Micronate-15 (0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 ml/l) using two sprays , the first at the beginning appearance of trusses and the second after 30 days from the first spray. Results showed a significant effect of training method and spraying of Micronate-15 and their intraction on studied characters.The intraction of spraying of Micronate-15 with 2.5 ml/l X training of four stems achieved the highest average of plant height, number of leaves, trusses, flowers and fruit/plant , total yield of plant and plastic house of 110.21 leaf, 26.46 trusses, 197.91flower, 90.43 fruit, 8.20 k, and 5.247 t. respectively while were 30.80 leaf, 10.10 trusses, 57.80 flower, 47.85 fruit, 4.23 k, and 2.706 t respectively in training of one stem without spraying.

Sodium Chloride was added to irrigation water to get electrical conductivity (E.C) (6, 12, 18)ds/m compared with the control (irrigation water 0.8ds/m). Water was magnetized with (0.0, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000) G. This water was used for seed germination and seedling for Al-Noor wheat cultivar wheat. Results showed that there is significant effect for saline, magnetized water in seed germination reached 70% at 1500G compared with the control 43.3% and the same treatment 1500G increased the germination speed significantly 12.9% compared with the control 10.0%. Seedling average length (shoot and root) that was irrigated with magnetized water 1500G increased significantly over the control, and most other treatment. Average length was (9.93, 25.24) cm compared with the control (7.07, 14.16) cm. Results showed also significant increase in fresh and dry weight, shoots, roots, and seedling leaf area. On the other hand the saline water level was significantly negative effect of increasing salt concentration of irrigation water in all the studied characters. Results also showed that there was interaction between magnetized water and salt levels in most of studied characters.

An experiment was conducted in a private farm at the north west of Najaf Governorate, during growing season of 2010-2011 to study the effect of Potassium fertilizer and sowing date on growth and yield of Cucumber plant, Toshika cultivar grown in plastic house.
The experiment included 12 treatments which were the interactions between three sowing dates (1/2 ,15/2 and 1/3/2010) and four levels of Potassium sulphate (0 , 100 , 200 and 300 kg fertilizer.ha-1).This experiment was adopted in a split- plot design within Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replications. The three sowing date were placed as main-plots while the sub-plots were for the levels Potassium fertilizer. Means were compared based on L.S.D. at probability level of 5% .
Results showed that the first sowing date (1 February) gave significantly better results over the other two sowing dates treatments of the experiment parameter (plant height, vegetative total dry weight, leaf nutrient content of potassium, number of fruits per plant, weight of fruit, yield per plant and early yield of plastic house). Results also showed that potassium fertilizer had a significant effect on the studied parameters. (300kg fertilizer.ha-1) gave the highest values of the studied parameters as compared with the control treatment (non fertilizer plants).The interaction between sowing dates and potassium fertilization had significant effects on the studied parameters and sowing dates. The interaction treatment between sowing date (1/2/2010 and 300 kg fertilizer.ha-1) gave the highest values means of the studied parameters and reached (188.55 cm.plant-1, 125.29 g.plant-1, 23.75 g.Kg-1 potassium , 25.62 fruit per plant, 98.76 g per fruit, 2.53 kg.plant-1 and 2177.6 kg .plastic house-1) compared with the interaction treatments 15 February and 1 March sowing date both with non fertilized plants which gave the lowest means for the mentioned parameters successively.