Psychological Science

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify:
(The level of orientation towards helping others among middle school students):
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the descriptive research method. A school within the schools located in the center of Baquba district, and the number of its students was (3,116) male and female students. The basic research sample reached (400) male and female students who were chosen randomly. The researchers built a scale (a measure of orientation towards helping others), which was presented to a group of arbitrators in Psychological counseling, educational guidance, educational psychology, measurement and evaluation, as the percentage of agreement reached (80%), and thus the apparent validity was achieved. As for stability, it was calculated by two methods: re-testing and amounting to (0.75) and by the Alfakronbach method and amounting to (0.81). The researchers used a number of methods Statistical processing of research data, such as (the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha), and the research reached the following result: Khreen, after using the t-test for one sample, and in the light of this result, the research came out with a number of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify speech anxiety among college students:
The researcher neglected the descriptive research method. The current research was determined by the students of the College of Education for Human Sciences / University of Diyala for the academic year (2021-2022), while the research community consisted of (5) departments from the College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Diyala, and the number of its students was (2738) students. The basic research sample amounted to (400) male and female students who were randomly selected. The research built a scale (speech anxiety), which was presented to a group of arbitrators in psychological counseling, educational guidance, educational psychology, measurement and evaluation, as the percentage of agreement reached (80%). As for the reliability, it was calculated in two ways: the re-test, which amounted to (0.81), and the Alpha Cronbach method, which amounted to (0.85). (Alpha Cronbach) and the researcher came out in the light of the results with a number of recommendations, conclusions and proposals

Abstract:
The research aims to identify Cognitive curiosity and its relationship to Self-regulation of University Students.
tIn order to achieve the objectives of the current research. The researcher used the Cognitive curiosity scale, which consists of (28) items, and the Self-regulation scale, which consists of (18) items in its final form, where the research verifies the psychometric properties such as scarcity and reliability for both scales.
Then the two scales were applied to a sample of (400) of University Students Al-Mustansriya.
The results of the current research indicated , based on the use A number of statistical methods In light of result indicated :
that The Cognitive curiosity and Self-regulationnurses were higher than average, Meaning the respondents had he Cognitive curiosity and Self-regulation , There is a direct statistically significant relationship between The Cognitive curiosity and Self-regulation among of University Students.
In light of the indicated results, a number of recommendations and proposals were made for subsequent researches.

Abstract:
This study aims to know the nature of the relationship between academic happiness and perceived social support among university students in the liberated governorates. The study used the researcher's study happiness scale according to the theory of Konu and Rimpela (Konu & Rimpela, 2002) and the perceived social support scale according to Sarason's theory (sarason, 1983), and the psychometric properties of both scales were verified from validity (translation, virtual, and construction) and stability, and to extract the results of the research the researcher used One-sample t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient to reveal the relationship between the two variables. The results of the study showed low academic happiness among university students, and low perceived social support among university students, and there is a significant positive correlation between academic happiness and perceived social support among university students.

Abstract:
This study is concerned with measuring the sculptural ability (knowledge and skill) of the students of the kindergarten department, by identifying the elements and foundations of formation in sculpture, as well as the tools used in sculpting and types of planning pens for the cognitive aspect. Structure and then implement the model to be carved. The research aims to (building a test to measure sculptural ability (cognitive and skill) based on the elements and foundations of composition in sculpture. The research is represented by a sample of female students from the Kindergarten Department / University of Baghdad / College of Education for Girls / for the academic year 2020-2021.
The aim of the research is to build a test to measure sculptural ability based on the foundations and elements of composition in sculpture The two researchers relied on the steps of building the test, where the test items were built according to the theoretical frameworks and previous studies. A student at the University of Baghdad / College of Education for Girls / Kindergarten Department.
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, the psychometric characteristics of the test were verified in terms of (honesty and stability / apparent honesty, and construction validity), and it was presented to a group of experts in different disciplines( plastic arts, sculpture, design, measurement and evaluation, educational research methods and others) and they conducted Some simple modifications to it from the shape of the pictures placed in it to the number of paragraphs, where the number of its paragraphs became (22) paragraphs for the cognitive side and (16) paragraphs for the skill side, and the researchers used the excel program) and the (spss) program to reach the results of the research. The two researchers also reached a number of recommendations and proposals, the most important of which are (to see the foundations and elements of composition in sculpture, as it is very important as a basis on which the student relies on the formation of sculptural models.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the level of domestic violence among primary school students, as well as to identify the significance of the differences according to the gender variant. In order to verify this, the researcher adopted the family violence scale prepared by Al (Tarawneh 1999) , The number of paragraphs in the final form (15) paragraph, has been confirmed the distinction of the paragraphs of the scale and the relationship of the degree of vertebrae of the scale in the overall degree and also confirmed the characteristics of the cykometric, and the tool was applied to a sample of (100) students and students were selected by random class of three primary schools in the Directorate Education of the first Al Resafa / Baghdad province for the academic year 2021-2022. The results of the research showed that:
1. The sample of primary school students does not suffer from domestic violence.
2. There were no statistically significant differences between (male and female) in family violence among primary school students.

Abstract
The current research goal is to identify the level of mental stress and self-efficiency of departments and then identify the nature of the relationship between the variables, and the current study tried to explore the nature of the two presidents in accordance with some specific variables -Anthes (Specialist - Ansani), workplace (Anbar - Baghdad - Tikrit) and finally the duration of commissioning. The sample of 175 was formed by the chairman of three universities (Anbar_ Baghdad) and from various scientific and humanitarian colleges. In order to achieve the search objectives, the researchers prepared two measures, the first to measure mental stress and from (3) areas, and individually (40) paragraph, either a scale of self-efficiency, which is (5) areas, and in reality (43) The five gradual alternatives are also graduate. After investigating the characteristics of the properties of the Sikomitric meters, statistical data were processed using the statistical pouch (SPSS) and the results of the statistical analysis indicate that the search sample recorded a low degree of mental stress and high level of efficiency Self-perceived with disparities between universities. The results also pointed out the existence of statistical differences depending on the variables of species, workplace and duration of commissioning.

Abstract:
Stories of all kinds are among the important means of teaching children, The goals and objectives vary from its uses and employment in the field of education for educational, social, psychological...etc.
Given the importance of this topic. Through this research, the researcher sought to identify the effect of employing stories in providing children with a protective behavior from "pedophilia", It is a common term for the phenomenon of sexual harassment of children, To achieve this goal, the researcher chose a sample of (20) male and female children registered in the (AL-Afrah Governmental Kindergarten) for the academic year 2010-2021, Those between the ages of (4-6) years. The researcher applied to them the measure of personal safety that was adopted by the study (Somayeh et al. 2018), after translating it into Arabic and adopting it as a tool to measure the personal safety of children. The most important results reached by the researcher was the success of the narrative method adopted by her, which indicated the positive role of the storyboard in developing the behavior of protection from pedophilia for the child of Riyadh, so that the child becomes able to protect himself from harassment.
The researcher recommended the need to intensify efforts by the relevant authorities to curb the spread of the phenomenon of sexual harassment of children (pedophilia).

Abstract:
The research aims to identify environmental issues and their relationship to the environmental behavior of biology teachers, the adoption of the descriptive correlative approach to achieve the goal, the questionnaire was used as a research tool, consisting of (29) items to measure their knowledge of environmental issues, including (11) environmental issues,their environmental behavior consists of (18) items, and the research community included all biology teachers in the general directorates. For education in the governorate of Baghdad, their number reached (2850) teachers, the research sample was chosen by the simple stratified random method, the number of the sample members was (230) teachers. The research concluded that the research sample have knowledge of environmental issues, And their environmental behavior is positive, there is a positive relationship between their knowledge of environmental issues and their environmental behavior, the researcher formulated a set of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
The research aims to identify the moral disengagement of middle school students. And a statement of bullying among middle school students. And to identify the correlation between moral disengagement and bullying. The research is determined by middle school students in the city center of Diwaniyah for the academic year (2021-2022), and the sample was selected using the stratified random method with standard distribution, and a sample of (300) male and female students distributed to both sexes (male and female) was drawn, at a rate of 7%. Then it was drawn randomly from 6 schools, 3 schools for males and 3 for females, with a total of 150 male and 150 female students. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher had to prepare two scales to measure the research variables. Therefore, the researcher adopted a foreign scale to measure the moral disengagement of (Bandora, 2001) taken from (Zeldman). The items of the scale consisted of 32 items distributed among 4 domains and with three alternatives (always, sometimes, never) and were given (3, 2, 1) respectively. To measure bullying, the scale was built according to a theory according to the theory (Olez, 1991) consisting of (39) items Distributed on (4) fields, consisting of three alternatives (always, sometimes, never), and the paragraphs with the variable were given degrees (3,2,1) and the paragraphs opposite the variable were given degrees (1,2,3), and it includes four areas, namely: First Verbal bullying, secondly, physical bullying, thirdly, social bullying, fourthly, property bullying. The psychometric properties of the two scales of validity were verified using the virtual validity method, the constructive validity method, and the reliability methods of the test and re-test methods, and the Vachronbach method. The most important of which is that middle school students have high moral disengagement, that middle school students have high bullying behavior, and the researcher reached a set of recommendations and recommendations such as making use of research standards in future studies to detect the level of moral disengagement and bullying among adolescents in the middle school, as well as The approach to the subject of moral education was developed by officials in the Ministry of Education, while the researcher suggested a guiding work to reduce the moral disengagement of middle school students, and conduct a study to disengage morally and its relationship to the social and economic level of the family.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the effect of the strategy of climbing the plateau on the achievement of fourth-grade students in mathematics and the development of their mathematical survey. The selection was done by random method to select the two experimental and control groups. The research sample was determined (121) male and female students, (61) male and female students in the two experimental groups that are taught according to the hill climbing strategy, and (60) male and female students in the two control groups that study in the usual way, and the groups were rewarded in some variables.
To achieve the goal of the research, two tools were required, the first is the achievement test, which is in the final form of (12) paragraphs, and the second is the Mathematical Survey test, which is in the final form of (30) paragraphs. The two tests were characterized by honesty and stability. The researcher reached the following results:
1- There is a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group students and the average scores of the control group students in the achievement test and the development of the mathematical survey.
2- There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the students of the two experimental research groups in the achievement test and the development of the mathematical survey according to the gender variable.

Abstract
The study aims to reveal the concepts contained in the books of the Noble Qur’an and Islamic education for the preparatory stage. It also aims to compare the concepts contained in the books of the Noble Qur’an and Islamic education in the three grades (the fourth scientific and literary, the fifth and sixth biological, applied and literary). The descriptive approach was adopted in the form of content analysis by adopting the unity of the idea (explicit and implicit) and repetition. The research community was defined by the textbooks of the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education for the preparatory stages (the fourth, fifth and sixth biological, applied and literary), and accordingly the research sample was represented by the content of these books, and to build the analysis tool, a number of studies and literature related to analyzing the content of the books were reviewed, as the explicit idea was adopted The implicit as a unit of registration and repetition as a unit of measurement, and the validity of the analysis was confirmed by presenting it to a group of arbitrators, the stability of analysis , coper formula was used which where the stability of analysis compared between the researchers and first analyst were (88%) , whereas (90%) with the second , while it reached (88%) between the first analyst and the second analyst. The study found that the concepts included in the three preparatory school textbooks amounted to (331) concepts, 127 in the fourth grade book, (114) in the fifth grade book, and (90) in the sixth grade book. When comparing these textbooks, the number of repeated concepts were (104) with a percentage of (0.31), while the number of all independent concepts that are not repeated was (227) with a percentage of (0.68). The frequencies are high compared to the total concepts, and taking into account the results of the research, a set of recommendations and suggestions were presented

Abstract:
The current research aims to analyze the content of the textbooks of the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education for all middle school grades, according to the concepts included in these textbooks. The researchers rely on the descriptive analytical method, and the sample was represented by the content of the textbook; in order to build the analysis tool, the researchers looked at a group of studies and books that included the analysis process, then the researchers analyzed the content of these books according to the concepts included in the explicit and implicit ideas as a unit of registration. The total number of concepts were (381), the refined concepts were (177), at a rate of (0.46), and the validity of the analysis was confirmed by presenting it to a group of arbitrators and using Cooper’s equation, the stability of the analysis was calculated, and in agreement with external analysts. With the weak methodological development of the topics, and in light of the research results, a set of recommendations and suggestions were presented

Abstract:
The current study aimed to identify the successful intelligence and attachment patterns of outstanding students, and then the nature of the relationship between the two variables. The current study also attempted to explore the nature of the two main research variables (successful intelligence and attachment styles) according to some demographic variables: gender (males - females), location (Baghdad - Anbar), and parents' academic achievement. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher prepared the "Sternberg Triple Abilities Test" to measure the successful intelligence adapted to the Iraqi environment by the researcher (Al-Azzawi, 2008), in addition to preparing a scale to measure the attachment patterns of the target group in the current research. After the researchers verified the psychometric characteristics (honesty and stability) for each of the test and scale and made some simple adjustments to the paragraphs, they were applied to the study sample of (200) male and female students from both locations (Baghdad - Anbar) who were selected by stratified random sampling method. After applying the two tools of research and statistical analysis of data using the following statistical methods: the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Saberman correlation coefficient, the results of the statistical analysis indicated that the sample members have a high level of successful intelligence, and the results indicated that there are Statistically significant differences in successful intelligence and attachment styles according to the three demographic variables (gender, location, parents' academic achievement), and also indicated that there is a statistically significant relationship between successful intelligence and attachment styles

Abstract:
The research aimed to identify the meaning of life among Anbar University students and the significance of the differences in the meaning of life according to the two variables: gender (males, females). Specialization (scientific, humanitarian). In order for the researchers to be able to achieve the objectives of the research, he relied on the descriptive correlative approach, where the current research sample consisted of (420) male and female students from the University of Anbar, and the Basta and Almond scale was applied to them after it was prepared by the researchers Battista, & Almond, 1973)) where, it consisted of The scale in its final form consists of (27) paragraphs, and when conducting a statistical analysis of the answers of the research sample, the results showed the following: The research sample recorded a high degree in the meaning of life, as it became clear that there are differences in the meaning of life between male and female students and in favor of females, and there are no differences in the meaning of life as between Students with specialization (scientific and human), and in light of the results, the researchers put a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
research purpose at the effect of the group investigation model on the achievement of chemistry & environmental awareness for 2nd intermediate Class students by verifying with following hypotheses:
1. There is no difference st between experimental group who studied according to the group investigation model & Control G who studied usual way in the achievement.
2. There is no Difference between he experimental group students who studied according to the group investigation model, & control group students who studied in the usual way in environmental awareness.
The research community consists of (2415) female students distributed among (15) intermediate & secondary schools for girls. Al-Hadara School for Girls belonging to the First Rusafa Education Directorate was chosen as a sample for research, & it includes (4) classes for the second intermediate grade. Two classes were chosen randomly: (a) Experimental & (c) control, with (35) students for each section. The equivalence of the two groups was verified with the following variables: (age, previous information test, intelligence, environmental awareness).
The researcher built two tools: the chemistry achievement test, & the environmental awareness scale, & their psychometric characteristics were verified.
Results:
1. There is a difference between experimental who studied according to the group investigation model, & control group students who studied usual way in the achievement of chemistry in favor of the experimental group.
2. There is a difference between experimental who studied according to the group investigation model, & C - G who studied usual environmental awareness

The aim of the research is to identify the decision-making methods for the directors of kindergartens for the city of Baghdad, the second Baghdad Directorate of Education, Karkh, and to show the methods of decision-making for the directors of Riyadh according to the variable of specialization and age. and Man (1997), as the final image of the scale reached a number of items, which are (30) items Distributed into six areas. After verifying the psychometric properties of the scale, it was applied to the basic research sample of (30) principals who were chosen who were chosen in a simple random way. Caution in decision making There is no effect of specialization and age on their decision-making, and in light of the results, the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions, including the need to give confidence to the directors of the second Baghdad Directorate of Education, Karkh, in general, and the research sample in particular, to conduct a similar study on the sample of supervisors and teachers in kindergartens.

Abstract.
The current research aims to identify the means of e-learning and the professional performance of teachers at the university, as well as to find the significant differences for the variables according to sex and specialization and to reveal the relationship between them. Electronic and professional performance who were presented to a committee of experts to determine the validity of the paragraphs in measuring what he set out to measure. The researchers reached the following results:
1. The level of e-learning means for university teachers is high.
2. There is a statistically significant difference according to the sex variable and in favor of males.
3. There is a statistically significant difference according to the variable of specialization and in favor of the scientif.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the level of cognitive beliefs of university students, as well as to detect statistically significant differences according to the variables of sex and academic specialization. After applying the test, the researchers reached the following results:
1- There is a high level of cognitive beliefs among university students.
2- There is a statistically significant difference in the cognitive beliefs according to the sex variable and it was towards males, and there is no significant difference according to the academic specialization.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the effect of the electronic loop recording strategy in developing the mathematical communication skills of the students of the Department of Mathematics. Another control group is studying the same subject according to the usual method, with (18) male and female students at the University of Mosul / College of Education for Pure Sciences / Mathematics Department / Fourth Stage.
The researcher adopted a note card for sports communication skills consisting of (26) paragraphs, and found its validity and stability. The experimental approach with equal groups was adopted, and after applying the research experience, the data was collected and the statistical packages (SPSS) program was used in its analysis. And reached the following conclusion.
"There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the students of the two experimental research groups, which were studied using the electronic loop recording strategy, and the control group, which was studied using the usual method, in the development of mathematical communication as a whole, as well as in skills (reading, listening, discussion) in favor of the experimental group."

ABSTRACT
The current study deals with adolescents since it is a difficult transitional stage for most adolescents, due to the physiological and physical changes accompanying it that may affect moods and behaviors and the decisions taken by this age group. However, the objectives of the research are limited to exploring, Illusion of control among adolescents according to the variables of Age (12, 14, 16, 18) years and Gender (males - females). Significance of differences in the illusion of control among adolescents according to the variables of Age (12, 14, 16, 18) years and Gender (males - females). The researcher adopted the scale (Al-Shammari, 2016) of the illusion of control. After the researcher has ascertained the psychometric properties of the scale, it has been administered to a sample that consists of (400) male and female students. However, the results show the following Illusion of control is formed at the age of (12) years in the sample as a whole, Illusion of control is formed in both males and females and initiated at the age of (12) years, There are statistically significant differences in the illusion of control according to age in favor of the older age, which means that illusion of control in adolescents takes an evolutionary path, There are statistically significant differences between males and females in the illusion of control in favor of males and There is no interaction between the variables of age and gender in the illusion of control, which means that there are no various effects of gender variable on the age variable at its different levels.

Abstract:


This study aims to recognize:
1 . selfish behavior among university students.
differences' significance of selfish behavior among university students according to following variables:
gender( males- females)
specialization (scientific – humane)
grade
To achieve these aims, the two researchers had chased randomly sample consists of (100) male and female students in Baghdad university at colleges of science and mass media beside that , they built a tool of measure represented by a scale of selfish behavior consists of (18) items and they extracted reliability, discriminative power and the relation of item with total degree and the constancy of the scale. Data had been processed by spss and had been analyzed statistically.
The two researches have reached to the following results:
The selfish behavior of the university students characterize by cooperation and participate without selfish behavior.
There was statistically significant difference according to gender favor of males.
There were no statistically significant difference according to (specialization – grad variables
The two researchers have reached to some of conclusions, recommendation and suggestion.