Journal of Basra researches for Human Sciences

hassan.majid@uobasrah.edu.iq

Abstract
This paper explores how The Love & Lies of Rukhsana Ali (2019), the young adult novel by Sabina Khan, represents honour as a retaliatory system of control in the context of a diasporic Bangladeshi-American family, rather than a positive moral virtue. It aims to fill an existing research gap in Muslim YA literature where visibility and Islamophobia often take centre stage over honour-based coercion and how it is narratively portrayed. The analysis focuses on how honour becomes a vehicle for revenge through family-led punishment; how home spaces, cross-border ties, and digital platforms collectively heighten surveillance; and how alternative forms of storytelling and fragile alliances offer limited forms of resistance. Using ideas from intersectional feminist sociology, postcolonial gender theory, and American Muslim cultural criticism, particularly those on honour-based abuse, coercive control, and violence continuum, this study conducts a qualitative close reading of The Love & Lies of Rukhsana Ali, grouping scenes into six types of control: reputational, bodily/domestic, mobility/documentary, marriage-market, pseudo-medical/ritual, and digital/public. It is revealed that honour operates like a retaliatory economy, converting shame into punishment and recasting care as a morally justified discipline. Coercion is found to depend on intertwined mechanisms that push the protagonist from private restriction into transnational and public vulnerability. The grandmother’s diary and the support of siblings and friends function as harm counter-archives and escape networks, revealing how far honour-based control reaches and where resistance begins to falter. Ultimately, the article argues that honour works as a transnational disciplinary system and that American Muslim YA fiction sheds critical light on the infrastructures that sustain modern-day honour-based coercion.

A quantitative and temporal analysis was conducted of population size and changes in per capita freshwater availability based on discharge data for the Shatt al-Arab and the Bidaa Canal, the two main water sources for Basra Governorate, during the period 1976–2022. Southern Iraq, particularly Basra Governorate, is experiencing severe and rapid hydrometeorological changes, including a decline in the quantity and quality of water resources, which reached its peak during the last two decades. Water yield data for the Tigris River (Qurna station) was used and compared with the population size, calculating changes in per capita share and its relationship to water status indicators according to the Falkenmark classification.
The results showed a clear decline in freshwater quantities in conjunction with continued population growth. Per capita share of Shatt al-Arab water decreased by 95% between 1976 and 2022. Since 2007, there has been a general trend towards water deficit, scarcity or absolute scarcity according to international standards, which is a negative indicator of water security. Per capita share fell from 14,600 m³/year (water abundance) at the beginning of the study period to between 245 and 750 m³/year year (water scarcity and absolute water scarcity) over the last two decades. The results showed that Basra entered the water scarcity threshold starting in 2016, with a rate of 70% for Shatt al-Arab, with the Al-Bidaa Canal continuing to fall short of the minimum per capita requirement in Basra, where per capita share ranged between 12-30 litres/day, which is well below the minimum set by the World Health Organisation (50-100
litres per capita per day).

This study examines Umayyad poetry and its role in shaping public opinion from a media–cultural perspective, aiming to uncover the mechanisms through which poetry contributed to forming and directing collective consciousness within a historical context marked by competing discourses and rival political and social powers seeking control over the public sphere. The research proceeds from the assumption that Umayyad poetry was not merely a linguistic or aesthetic art, but rather a mass-communication tool with an active informational function that helped construct collective attitudes and shape the audience’s mental images. The significance of poetry in this regard grew due to its strong capacity to penetrate the communal psyche, which made it a central instrument in the hands of the political authority as it attempted to guide public opinion and consolidate its legitimacy, while, conversely, oppositional discourses employed poetry to generate counter-images capable of destabilizing the official narrative.

Achievement among students in The current research aimed to identify the motivation for academic the History Department at the College of Basic Education from their perspective. The sample consisted of (130) students from the College of Basic Education at Duhok University. To achieve the research goal, the researcher prepared a research tool by developing the initial form of the questionnaire, with three alternatives for each item: applicable to a large extent, moderately, and to a small extent. There were a total of( 30) items. The apparent validity was extracted by presenting the tool to several experts in the field of educational and psychological sciences, and its reliability was verified by applying the questionnaire to a pilot sample of (50) students. The researcher utilized statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, percentage weight, and Z-test. The following results were reached:
1- The motivation for scientific achievement among the second-year history department students, from their perspective, reached (0.741), which is higher than the hypothetical mean (60%). This indicates that the motivation for scientific achievement among the history department students at the College of Basic Education, from their perspective, was good.
2- There is no statistically significant difference between the perspectives of second and third-year history department students regarding their motivation for scientific achievement, as the calculated value (0.178) is less than the table value (1.96) at a significance level of (0.05) and degrees of freedom (128).

This study examines the disagreement among early Imami scholars regarding the issue of the Prophet's (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) forgetfulness. This is a significant Islamic theological issue because it directly concerns the person of the Prophet and represents a crucial turning point in the doctrinal disagreements of early scholars. The researcher's serious attempt to demonstrate that the differing opinions of our scholars do not imply that either side intended to diminish the Prophet's character. Rather, each scholar relied on the available evidence and arguments to establish the issue. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that both sides believe in the absolute infallibility of the Prophet and his family (peace be upon them). This absolves these esteemed scholars from any accusation of disparaging the Prophet and his family (peace be upon them). The study approaches the topic scientifically, free from sectarian bias that could distract the researcher from their primary objective.

This study investigates stylistic innovation in digital storytelling on TikTok through a multimodal analysis of narrative voice and visual language. Drawing on theories of multimodality (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2001) and narratology (Genette, 1980; Fludernik, 2009), it is explored how creators combine voice, text, gesture, and image to produce new narrative forms that disrupt traditional literary conventions. TikTok, with its algorithm-driven circulation and emphasis on short-form video, provides a unique platform where the interplay of speech, on-screen captions, sound effects, and visual filters generates hybrid storytelling modes. The study examines a corpus of 200 viral TikTok videos (2023–2025) across genres such as micro-fiction, personal storytelling, and political commentary, focusing on how stylistic devices such as second-person address, code-switching, and ironic voice-over shape audience engagement. Particular attention is given to the way narrative voice on TikTok challenges the authority of the singular narrator. For instance, the use of automated text-to-speech voices (“TikTok voice”) creates an impersonal yet familiar narrator, echoing Foucault’s (1969) concept of the “author function.” Meanwhile, visual language filters, duets, stitches, and green-screen effects functions as what Barthes (1977) would call “anchorage and relay,” extending the story beyond linguistic structures into a multimodal aesthetic. Case studies include creators like @BrittanyBroski and @khaby.lame, who deploy humor, silence, and exaggerated gesture as stylistic strategies that foreground multimodal narration. By integrating stylistic analysis with discourse-oriented digital humanities methods, the study argues that TikTok storytelling constitutes a form of vernacular stylistics (Crystal, 2001; Page, 2018), where narrative voice and visual language co-produce meaning in ways that blur boundaries between oral tradition, literary narrative, and digital performance. The findings demonstrate that multimodal stylistic innovation on TikTok not only reshapes narrative practices, but also reflects broader cultural shifts in attention, authorship, and the aesthetics of brevity in the age of algorithmic media.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the thinking distraction method in reducing existential frustration among university students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/Al-Qasim Green University. The researcher has dealt with a theoretical framework that includes all the variables of the research, and to achieve the goal of the research, an existential frustration scale was built, using a statistical analysis sample. The number of items in this scale was (200) and after verifying its validity and reliability, the number of items in this scale reached (30) distributed across the scale’s areas. To test the research hypotheses, the researcher chose a sample of (14) male students only, who were intentionally selected from those who obtained the highest scores on the scale. Existential frustration scale: They were divided into two groups (experimental and control) with (7) students in each group. After parity was achieved for the two groups. As well as building the therapeutic program according to the problems posed in the scale according to the method (the thinking-distraction method), one session of the therapeutic program was taken, and after completing the application of the therapeutic program using the group therapy method on the research sample, the results showed that the program was effective in reducing existential frustration among university students. .

Spatial circumstances in the surrounding society had direct impact on the lives of the two poets under study leading them to resort to using symbols to tackle the issues of the society. Through symbolic representations, both poets expressed their emotional experience. These reflected the life they were leading, and they perfectly suited the nature of modern life. Through these symbols, they expressed political and social issues depending on old Arabic symbols.

This study examines the interpretation of Sūrat al-Naṣr by al-Sayyid al-Ṣadr (may God sanctify his soul), comparing it with the views of prominent earlier exegetes, in order to derive a rich set of exegetical insights and assess whether he introduced novel contributions to this important field. His work Minna al-Manān stands out in the field for its distinctive methodology—arranging the sūrahs of the Qurʾān in reverse order, presenting exegetical meanings through a question-and-answer format, and systematically categorizing topics—reflecting his substantial scholarly authority within the ḥawzah.
Specifically, his exegesis of Sūrat al-Naṣr represents a significant contribution: he refrained from merely repeating or slightly modifying earlier interpretations, instead offering fresh meanings and addressing both explicit and potential exegetical challenges with methodological precision. Among his distinctive contributions is his differentiation between the divine promise mentioned in the sūrah as referring to the time of the conquest and the actual realization of that event, favoring the latter interpretation. He also challenged the common identification of the “conquest” with the entry into Mecca, rejecting the separation of victory (naṣr) from conquest (fatḥ), and emphasizing their complementarity in both worldly and eschatological dimensions.
Al-Ṣadr further interpreted “victory” and “conquest” in their universal sense, allowing their application across the span of the Prophetic mission—an interpretation he considered more coherent with the divine promise of the ultimate triumph of God’s religion. He also offered a nuanced reading of “people entering the religion of God in multitudes” and explored various aspects of glorification (tasbīḥ) and seeking forgiveness (istighfār) in relation to the conquest.

The research aims to identify the effect of the circular house shape strategy on the developing mathematical thinking among fifth-year science students in mathematics for the academic year (2024-2025), and for checking research objective, number of null hypotheses were formulated, and used the quasi-experimental approach with two equivalent groups. The research sample included (62) students who were intentionally selected from Siwan and Shaista High School for Girls', It was distributed into two groups, one of which was an experimental group of (31) students From Siwan Girls High School who studied according to the circular house shape strategy, and the other was a controlled group of (31) students From Shaista Girls High School who studied according to the normal method, The process of equivalence between the two research groups was also carried out in a number of variables. To achieve the research objectives, a test for mathematical thinking was prepared, in its final form, consisting of (16) test items. Their validity, stability, and psychometric properties were verified, after processing the data statistically using the t-test for two independent samples and two correlated samples, and using the statistical program (SPSS), The results showed that there was a difference between the average scores of the two research groups in the mathematical thinking skills test, but it did not reach the level of statistical significance. It also showed that there was a difference between the average scores The students of the experimental group in the mathematics thinking test, pre- and post-test, in favor of the post-application.
In light of the results reached by the researcher, he came out with a number of conclusions, most notably: that using the strategy of circular house shape in teaching the Limit and Continuity contributes to increasing the effectiveness of the teaching process and works to develop mathematics thinking among for fifth grade science students. A number of recommendations were also presented, most notably: Using the circular house strategy in teaching mathematics subjects in the preparatory stage. A number of proposals were also presented for future research studies.

The aim of the this research is to identify the academic motivation and verbal and non-verbal behaviors of teachers of educational psychology in non-specialized departments from the perspective of students in the Colleges of Education at the University of Basrah. It also seeks to identify differences in the relationship between academic motivation and verbal behaviors, and the relationship between academic motivation and non-verbal behaviors of educational psychology teachers according to the variable of gender (male, female), as well as the contribution of both verbal and non-verbal behaviors to academic motivation. The current research is determined for first-year students in the College of Education for Human Sciences in non-specialized departments for the academic year (2024-2023), morning study. The researcher used the descriptive correlational method and employed Asfour\'s (2018) scale to measure academic motivation, the Verbal Interaction Behavior Scale (VIBS) prepared by Wilson & Locker (2008) to measure verbal behaviors, and the Nonverbal Interaction Scale (NIS) prepared by Richmond, McCroskey, & Johnson (2003) to measure non-verbal behaviors. The two scales were translated by the researcher, and then the psychometric properties of the scales were verified. The three research scales were applied to a sample of (250) male and female students from the College of Education for Human Sciences and the College of Education for Pure Sciences. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The main findings were represented by the following. The presence of academic motivation, verbal behaviors, and non-verbal behaviors among the research sample. In addition, there is a relationship between academic motivation and both verbal and non-verbal behaviors. Moreover, Based on the research results, the researcher provided a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract: Quranic readings are a source of linguistic study at all four levels, and indeed, they are the most important, as they derive their sanctity from the sanctity of the Quran itself. Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam (d. 224 AH) was the first authoritative scholar to compile the readings in a book, as mentioned by Ibn al-Jazari (d. 833 AH). Due to the importance and significance of this book, I have chosen it as the focus of my research. I have relied on the doctoral dissertation that reconstructed this lost book, revealing its texts and the morphological issues that formed the basis of my research: noun structures, verb structures, singular and plural forms, and masculine and feminine genders.

This study aims to identify the grammatical principles established by the Kufans that Ibn al-Anbari did not accept, despite these principles being authoritative and used by them as evidence for issuing specific rulings on certain linguistic issues. It also examines the evidence they relied upon in arguing for these principles and the grammarians who agreed with them. Furthermore, the study clarifies Ibn al-Anbari’s position regarding these principles and investigates whether his views were unique or if he followed a particular doctrine or another prominent grammarian. It was subsequently found that he generally follows the Basran school in his opinions on the grammatical issues under investigation.

This research aims to analyze the spatial variation of cereal crop production in Basrah Governorate by studying the geographical distribution of the cultivated areas and the differences in cereal production rates among the administrative units of the governorate, based on official statistical data. The results revealed a clear variation in production levels among districts and sub-districts due to differences in the areas cultivated with cereal crops, which are influenced by both natural and human factors in Basrah Governorate.

This study aims to examine the impact of tourism on supporting the local economy in Al-Baghdadi District, Anbar Province, by analyzing its capacity to stimulate development and generate profit resources. The studies employed a descriptive–analytical method, with data gathered through an area survey administered to citizens and business owners, in addition to semi-structured interviews with neighborhood officers and stakeholders within the tourism sector. In addition, legitimate reviews and authoritative statistics have been utilized.
The findings revealed that 72% of respondents believe tourism generates direct employment opportunities, while 65% indicated that tourism contributes to improving household income. Moreover, 80% identified weak infrastructure as the main obstacle hindering the development of the tourism sector. Qualitative results from the interviews also highlighted limited investments and inadequate tourism promotion as key challenges requiring strategic interventions.
The significance of this research lies in enriching the academic literature on the role of tourism in local economic development and providing practical recommendations to activate the tourism sector in Al-Baghdadi. This, in turn, supports the local economy and enhances the living standards of the population. The study recommends improving infrastructure and encouraging investments to strengthen the contribution of tourism to the local economy.

The study aims to predict soil erosion and investigate its spatial distribution in the Sipan Basin area using the Erosion Potential Model (EPM) also known as the Gavrilovic method, integrated into GIS (Geographic Information System) software. The spatial distribution of soil erosion shows three main zones in the study area (moderate, severe, very severe). The main factors in EPM (soil erodibility, soil protection, slope, temperature and rainfall) were evaluated using GIS software. The data layers used in this study were generated from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), rock maps, and Landsat 8 OIL digital images. The highest degree of erosion occurred in the northeastern areas. The results showed that about 87.84% of the study area is classified as very severe erosion.