DIRASAT TARBAWIYA

The present study aims to examine mindfulness among fifth-grade science students and its relationship with their motivation to learn chemistry. To achieve this objective, the researcher targeted the entire population of fifth-grade science students for the 2022–2023 academic year across the six directorates in Baghdad Governorate.
The researcher developed a mindfulness scale consisting initially of 62 items, with response options ranging from “Strongly applies to me” to “Does not apply to me at all.” A motivation scale for learning chemistry was also constructed, initially comprising 65 items with the same response format. Each response alternative was weighted on a 1–5 scale. Both scales were administered to a stratified random sample of 30 students from the population.
Statistical analysis of the data collected revealed the following findings:
1. Fifth-grade science students demonstrate a high level of mindfulness, as the mean scores exceeded the hypothetical average.
2. Students exhibit strong motivation to learn chemistry, with mean scores also above the hypothetical average.
3. A statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) exists between mindfulness and motivation to learn chemistry, indicating that higher levels of mindfulness are associated with greater motivation in learning chemistry.
These findings emphasize the importance of fostering mindfulness in educational settings to enhance student motivation and engagement in science learning.

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated training program that combines virtual reality technology with traditional field exercises in improving the performance of a set of basic skills in volleyball, such as serving, setting, and spiking, among youth players. The study adopted an experimental approach using a two-group design (experimental and control) appropriate to the nature and objectives of the research. The suggested training program was put into action with a group of young players. The experimental group received training that included simulation of game situations using a virtual reality environment, aiming to enhance their motor responses and spatial awareness, followed by direct practical application of these skills on the field. In contrast, the control group continued training using only traditional methods. The statistical results showed a significant improvement in the performance of the experimental group compared to the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-tests for the experimental group. The experimental group also demonstrated better accuracy and speed in performing the studied basic skills. The study concluded that integrating virtual reality technologies with field training significantly contributes to accelerating motor learning, improving decision-making skills, and breaking the routine associated with traditional training, thereby enhancing the efficiency of young volleyball players. The study emphasized the importance of incorporating innovative digital technologies as part of approved training programs in clubs and training centers to raise technical performance levels and achieve sustainable development in players’ performance.

This research examins with the importance of reciting Holly Quran in the correctly, especially for the secondary school students, so I deal with in the textbooks of the forth,fifth,and secondary grades. I divided the research into three sections one for each grade, and I explained the information in detail following the analytical method. I hope you have benefited from this research.
. the rules of recitation and intonation

The research aims to analyze the impact of the consistency of accounting policies on the quality of financial reports and comparability in banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange during the period 2020–2025. The results showed a significant positive impact of the number of accounting policy changes on total accruals with a coefficient of (0.005207) at (p=0.0002) and a strong positive impact of prior period adjustments with a coefficient of (1.104721) at (p=0.0000), which indicates a decrease in the quality of financial reports. It also showed a significant negative impact of prior period adjustments on comparability with a coefficient of (-17.557) at (p=0.0000).

The Arabic language is distinguished by certain characteristics such as expansiveness, fronting and postponement ,and ellipsis, among other linguistic contents. Each content carries its own justification and impact, and every example of expansion and explanation is linked to these contents, as they represent the ultimate aim of Arabic linguistic sciences. These contents form the connection between linguistics and semantics, which is crucial in linking the language to the Holy Quran.The Quran, in terms of comprehension, eloquence, interpretation, and foundational principles, plays a vital role in enabling the teacher to rely on meanings to convey information to the student. Expansion and appreciation are foundational and essential aspects of the language, relying on linguistic contents that assist the teacher in delivering information. This is achieved through the provision of a broad linguistic space, special care, and significant attention, as the teacher is in need of such support.I find this necessary, yet coordination is essential and effective for the school environment, which plays a major role in the performance of teachers, students, and the educational process.

The relationship between human health and climate is important in climatological studies, as climate—through its various elements—affects human comfort or discomfort. Humans can live comfortably when temperatures range between 17–30°C. The sensation of heat or cold, and consequently comfort or discomfort, is not determined solely by air temperature; rather, it depends on several factors, including solar radiation, air movement, relative humidity, the level of physical activity performed by an individual, as well as the type of clothing worn. The wind chill index has been used to illustrate the impact of climate on human comfort in Iraq, based on climatic data spanning thirty-one years.

This study examined how three distinct instructional approaches drawn from "Mosston's Teaching Spectrum” — the Command Style, the Practice Style, and the Self-Check Style — shaped the development of forehand and backhand strokes among undergraduate students at Al-Salam College. Beyond measuring skill level, the investigation also tracked actual performance repetitions as a secondary indicator of instructional efficiency.
A true experimental design was adopted, involving 42 third-year students (male and female) enrolled in the morning programme at Al-Salam College during the academic year 2025. Participants were randomly distributed into three equivalent groups of 14, each exposed exclusively to one of the three instructional approaches across eight practical sessions held over four weeks. Stroke proficiency was assessed using the Badminton World Federation standardised evaluation protocol (BWF, 2024), and statistical analysis was conducted through the SPSS package employing paired-sample t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Scheffé post-hoc comparisons.
Findings revealed that all three approaches generated statistically significant pre-to-post gains in both stroke skills. Nevertheless, the Practice Style yielded the highest aggregate score (81.0 points) and matched the Command Style in performance repetitions (29.0 attempts), while outperforming both rival approaches in backhand stroke quality — a difference that proved statistically significant. The Self-Check Style, despite producing meaningful learning gains, recorded the lowest repetition frequency (25.8 attempts), a pattern attributed to the cognitive time students invested in self-evaluation during practice sessions.
The study recommends prioritising the Practice Style in introductory badminton instruction, while reserving the Self-Check approach for learners who have already internalised a clear mental model of correct technique.

The study aimed to identify the impact of digital transformation in education on teacher performance by knowing the impact of digital transformation on the effectiveness of performance and efficiency of performance among social studies teachers and social teachers’ satisfaction with their work considering the digital transformation in education.
The descriptive analytical approach was adopted to analyze data from the study sample of (550) primary school social teachers, taken randomly. A questionnaire consisting of (20) items distributed over three dimensions was used. Arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for each dimension of the questionnaire. The information was analyzed using the spss program, and a group was reached. Among the most important results is the presence of a high level of impact of digital transformation in education on the adequacy and effectiveness of performance among social studies teachers, in addition to the social teachers’ self-satisfaction with the performance of their work considering the digital transformation in education. The study also recommended a set of recommendations and proposals considering the results reached.

The pioneers of modern Iraqi visual art are regarded as the oundational roots from which the modern Iraqi art movement emerged—one of he most important, mature, and enriching vements in the Middle East and the Arab world. The second generation after these pioneers, articularly the artists of the 1950s, are considered the founders of modernism and its stylistic ransformations with a distinctly Iraqi flavor. They elevated art from its descriptive nature to a critical and analytical engagement with various aspects of life. The late artist Kadhim Haidar can be identified as one of these key figures of the 1950s generation. His creative contributions spanned the following decades until his death, significantly enriching the Iraqi art movement with a high degree of stylistic development and modern conceptual depth. One of the most essential aspects of interpreting Haidar’s artistic output is the “Dialectic of Life and Death,” a recurring theme in his work from the 1950s to the mid-1980s. This thematic duality is deeply tied to his personal and psychological biography, necessitating a focused academic investigation into this dialectic.

This researcher summarize the research entitled "The Role of Religious Educational Curricula in Instituions - The Works of Professor Dr. Tariq Hassoun Farid as a Model." The research was written according to the principles and methods of scientific research, presented in four chapters, with the research topics arranged sequentially to adhere to the methodology and ensure a logical progression of steps, ultimately leading to the best possible results.
The researcher cited the justification or reason that prompted her to choose the research title and address it. On a personal level, what prompted the researcher to write about her research topic was her inclination towards studying the role of methodological books in establishing music students and enriching their scientific and cognitive knowledge. On an objective level, the books of Professor Dr. Tariq Hassoon Farid are considered among the most important works that were adopted as a part curriculum at the University of Baghdad for more than thirty years and are still being taught to this day.

Art represents one of the most prominent means of human expression, possessing the unique ability to convey emotions and ideas in ways that transcend verbal communication, profoundly influencing aesthetic taste and sensibilities within society. The impact of an artwork intensifies as it approaches a realistic representation of feelings and events. Within this context, the performing arts stand out as among the most influential forms of artistic expression, including enactments and allegories related to Husayni rituals, which constitute a form of tragic expression designed to evoke emotional responses and engage the participants’ and observers’ sensibilities through artistic direction and theatrical staging that reflect the associated events and emotions.
Art plays a fundamental role in refining aesthetic appreciation and fostering creativity and innovation, serving as a channel of communication between the artist as the sender and the audience as the receiver of the message. In the context of children, drawings produced independently by the child reflect their emotions, sensations, and level of engagement with their surrounding environment, while also contributing to the development of their psychological, cognitive, motor, and creative abilities. Drawing functions as a visual language that allows children to express their imagination, ideas, and feelings, representing a cognitive activity that enhances critical thinking and creative visualization.
Based on this premise, the current study aimed to examine the relationship between elementary school students’ drawings and variables such as gender, as well as observable changes in their drawings, including color selection, use of perspective, distribution of elements within the composition, and line coordination, in light of their observation of Husayni allegories related to the tragedy of Karbala and the martyrdom of Imam Husayn during the month of Muharram. The study also investigated how these observations influence children’s capacity for artistic expression, especially considering the increased opportunity for children to witness and participate in these rituals following the political changes in the country.
The objectives of the study were:
1. To identify the impact of Husayni allegories on the drawings of elementary school students.
2. To determine whether the impact of these allegories differs according to gender (male and female students).
Accordingly, the researcher formulated two null hypotheses:
• The first null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of the two groups.
• The second null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference between the drawings of male and female students in the experimental group.
Based on the anticipated findings, the researcher recommends:
1. Encouraging teachers to integrate similar topics into art activities, despite their specificity, to enhance students’ drawing and planning skills.
2. Urging the Ministry of Education to incorporate these topics into the elementary school art curriculum, particularly during the month of Muharram, to deepen religious awareness, instill values of sacrifice and devotion, and reduce sectarian divisions that have recently emerged in the society.

Iraq's budget faces Fiscal challenges due to rising Budget deficits and heavy reliance on oil revenues. The internal debt is increasing to cover the deficit, creating mounting pressure on the general budget. Iraq relies on financial policies such as diversifying revenues, streamlining expenditures, and restructuring domestic debt to improve Fiscal sustainability. International experiences, such as those of Turkey and Malaysia, can be leveraged to reduce financial pressure and achieve long-term economic stability

Second-division referees in Iraqi football face numerous obstacles that limit their professional development and negatively affect the quality of match management, with limited research addressing these obstacles from their direct perspective.
Objective: This study aims to identify the main obstacles facing football refereeing in Iraq among second-division referees, analyze them across six key domains, and propose appropriate solutions to develop the refereeing system.
Method and Sample: The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method. The study sample consisted of 70 second-division referees in Baghdad during the period from 1/3/2025 to 22/4/2025, at Al-Shaab Stadium and the University of Baghdad Stadium.
Key Results: The study found that the most significant obstacles include: absence of clear refereeing development strategies and inadequate handling of referees' complaints (RI=77.14%); poor stadium infrastructure and pitch conditions (RI=77.86%); overlapping disciplinary decisions and insufficient lack of aclequate player protection (RI=75.36%); referee inexperience and its effect on match outcomes (RI=76.79%); public tension from controversial decisions (RI=78.21%); and media amplification of refereeing errors (RI=80.00%).
Conclusions and Recommendations: The study recommends developing comprehensive strategic plans for refereeing improvement, expanding VAR technology across all leagues, upgrading stadium infrastructure, providing advanced referee training programs, and promoting media transparency. The research concludes that developing refereeing in Iraq requires an integrated vision encompassing technical, administrative, psychological, and technological aspects.

The aim of this research is to identify the effect of the "Friends of the Hour" strategy on the spelling achievement of second-year intermediate school students .The researcher selected Al-Rasheed School in Baghdad and adopted the experimental method. The research sample consisted of 64 second-year intermediate school students, randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group of 32 students taught using the "Friends of the Hour" strategy, and a control group of 32 students taught using the traditional method. The two groups were matched in terms of age (in months), previous spelling achievement, and intelligence. The researcher prepared an achievement test in spelling, and after completing the data processing using an independent samples t-test, the results showed that the students in the experimental group, who were taught using the "Friends of the Hour" strategy, outperformed the students in the control group.

This cuurent study aims to analyze the learning difficulties faced by students of the Art Education Department at the Open Educational College in learning the Colors Course during the academic year 2024–2025. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method due to its suitability for the nature of the study.
The research population consisted of first-year students in the Art Education Department across the study centers of the Open Educational College in Iraq. The research sample included (96) male and female students distributed across the centers of Al-Waziriya, Al-Adl, Fallujah, Diyala, and Al-Suwayrah.
A questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data collection after verifying its validity and reliability. The data were analyzed using the weighted mean, percentage weight, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
The results revealed that skill-related difficulties ranked first among the learning difficulties, particularly those associated with coloring skills, color mixing, rendering light and shadow, and maintaining correct proportions in artworks. The findings also indicated difficulties related to the educational environment, such as the lack of appropriate classrooms for practical courses and the high cost of artistic materials, in addition to challenges in selecting suitable themes and techniques.
The study recommends improving the educational environment for practical art courses, developing the Colors Course curriculum, and adopting objective assessment methods that consider the different stages of art production

This research, titled “The Concept of the State According to the Ikhwan al-Safa in Their Epistles: An Intellectual Study,” explores the Ikhwan al-Safa’s vision of the state within their comprehensive philosophical and intellectual project, which sought to harmonize religion and reason, philosophy and ethics. The study aims to uncover the intellectual foundations underlying their conception of the state, the relationship between ruler and ruled, and the role of the state in establishing justice and social reform. It relies Analyze their epistles through an Intellectual and critical analysis reveal the embedded political and philosophical dimensions

Textile design is no longer just a visual craft; it has become a dynamic intersection where human imagination meets intelligent systems. This research delves into a cutting-edge concept I define as "Dual Activation"—the precise moment where Artificial Intelligence acts as a generative creative partner, while digital printing serves as the medium for high-fidelity physical realization.
The core of this work lies in challenging the repetitive nature of traditional design frameworks. It seeks a genuine "Design Excellence" manifested in complex structures and fluid aesthetics that were previously impossible to achieve through manual or mechanical means. By analyzing practical samples, the study illustrates how algorithms have evolved from simple automation tools into a "creative mind" capable of crafting non-repeating patterns and microscopic chromatic gradients. This synergy elevates contemporary fabrics beyond mere garments, transforming them into unique technological and aesthetic statements. We are essentially witnessing the birth of a new visual language—one that doesn't just keep pace with the digital age but redefines the very meaning of distinction in the textile industry.

The city is described as one of the most prominent and complex forms of human settlement on Earth. It represents a complex and organic aspect of civilization and has evolved from a simple urban social nucleus to its current form, reflecting the interaction between humans and the environment. From the perspective of geographers and planners, the concept of the city is complex and multifaceted, and therefore has been the subject of numerous studies and research aimed at clarifying its true nature. It constitutes an architectural structure subject to natural factors in its relationship with its surroundings. The city arose from a genuine interaction and engagement between humans and place; in other words, the foundation of the urban center lies in the human desire to adapt to its environment to achieve stability

Abstraction is regarded as a semiotic mode of representation that requires documenting its expressive formal outputs within the calligraphic scene. It engages with intellectual constructs to evoke textual events and reveal underlying meanings. This study examines the problem defined by the question: What are the indicators of abstraction in the context of the calligraphic context? It also outlines the research significance, objectives, scope, and key terms.
The theoretical framework addresses the artistic requirements of abstraction, its determinants, and the semiotic indicators that shape its presence, alongside the role of imagery and its suggestive capacities. It further explores the compositional vision and the domain of formal organization within calligraphic structures.
The analytical section investigates two selected samples, which leads several key finding. Most notably, the Arabic letter, as a phonetic symbol lacking a direct external visual counterpart, reinforces abstraction through semiotic evocation. Moreover, abstraction functions as an intellectual process that generates mental images conveying textual meanings.

The research entitled "The Rhythmic Structure of Religious Dhikr in Iraq: The Qadiri and Rifa'i Model" included four chapters as follows:
The first chapter presented the research problem, its objectives, its significance, as well as the boundaries of the research and the definition of terms.
The second chapter included the theoretical framework, in which we addressed Qadiri dhikr between qualification and authentication, a historical overview of Rifa'i dhikr, and the role of rhythm in religious dhikr.
The third chapter was dedicated to research procedures, which included the research population consisting of a set of dhikr recited by performers in Qadiri and Rifa'i dhikr circles, which reached four dhikr. Then the research sample included two of the dhikr, representing 50% of the total community, followed by the research methodology, which was chosen according to a criterion consisting of five sections in a manner suitable to the research objectives.
The fourth chapter included documenting and analyzing the selected samples, reaching the results and conclusions, recommendations and proposals, and the list of sources and references

This research aims to find out the relationship between intestinal helminthic infections and the composition of gut micro biota in a cohort from diverse Iraqi populations. The study entails the collection of stool specimens from 73particpants aged 18 to 65 years. Infections with Helminths were detected by the modified flotation technique then DNA analysis was performed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The findings revealed a notable enhancement in bacterial diversity indices such as the Shannon index the quantity of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and the Chaol index in the infected group relative to the healthy group indicating a considerable alteration in gut micro biota composition associated with the infection. Additionally beta diversity analysis revealed major differences in microbial community composition regarding the two groups characterized by altered proportions of certain bacterial taxa including elevated levels of Bacteroidetes and a corresponding decrease of Firmicutes in the infected participants. The research conducted emphasized that social and environmental variable especially living in rural areas are significant risk factor for helminthic infection. The present study elucidate the potential pathways by which parasite infection modifies gut micro biota subsequently affecting immune responses and overall host health

The term Artificial Intelligence has entered people\\\\&#039;s digital lives. Generative AI has gained increasing attention for its ability to produce creative and realistic outputs. Access to large language models (LLMs) has become possible because of applications like ChatGPT and others that produce results that closely mimic text produced by humans. ChatGPT is a chatbot that is a prime example of the advancement of natural language processing (NLP) technologies which was developed by OpenAI company. Based on the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) architecture, that the public was first able to access its version on November 30, 2022. This review aims to clarify the concept of generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI), the main models that contributed to its development, and to analyze the role of ChatGPT in education, and highlights recent relevant literature. This study explores the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting personalized and interactive learning, and seek to improve teaching and learning strategies, and lighting of some of the issues with this technology are included, like the possibility of producing misleading information, biases in training data sets, and privacy issues. This review concludes with a set of suggestions to enable teachers and students to use this tool effectively in a positive learning environment that promotes student learning and keeps up, with the quick changes in technology

The period marked of the British occupation of Palestine (1917-1948) witnessed the peak of internal conflict within the Orthodox Church in Jerusalem. This was not merely a religious conflict of doctrine, but a distinctly national and administrative struggle between the Greek Patriarchate and the Arab Orthodox congregation in Palestine, who sought to reclaim their administrative and financial rights within the Church. These rights had been monopolized by the Greek "Brotherhood of the Holy Sepulchre" since the Ottoman era. When Britain occupied Jerusalem in 1917, it inherited a financial and administrative crisis within the Patriarchate. The British administration attempted to intervene and resolve the situation through the Bertram-Young Commission, which produced a detailed report proposing a greater role for the Arabs in managing their affairs. However, the Greek Patriarchate refused to implement the proposal, citing the need to preserve the "Greek character of the See of Jerusalem." Consequently, the Arab Orthodox organized themselves effectively to counter their marginalization,by holding several conferences that demanded recognition of their national rights within the Church and rejected the Greek Patriarchate's exclusive control over decision-making. The Arabs also feared that the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate would sell or lease church lands to the Zionist organization to settle its debts, and this which in fact occur in several transactions between them. This transformed the conflict from an internal dispute into a Palestinian national security issue. The importance of this topic lies in the fact that the Greek religious domination of the Church complemented British political domination. It also represented a national struggle for Arab Christians to assert their Palestinian identity in the face of Greek assimilation attempts, and it was an integral part of the broader Palestinian national struggle.