ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES JOURNAL (EASJ) (formerly AL-DANANEER JOURNAL)

This research aims to study financial performance evaluation using the CAMELS model. Although some banks rely on traditional evaluation models, these models may not provide a comprehensive assessment of all aspects of financial performance. This highlights the need to apply more comprehensive evaluation models, such as the CAMELS model, which is considered one of the most effective models for evaluating banks' financial performance. The importance of this research lies in its contribution to enriching the financial and banking literature by providing an in-depth analysis of the application of the CAMELS model and the impact of each element of the model on evaluating financial performance. The study population is represented by Iraqi commercial banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The research sample is represented by seven banks (Middle East Investment Bank, National Bank of Iraq, United Bank, Union Bank of Iraq, International Development Bank, Ashur Bank, and Iraqi Investment Bank), which met the research requirements. The data and information contained in the financial statements issued by these banks for the period (2012-2023) were used. This data was analyzed using a set of financial indicators and ratios to measure each indicator. Among the indicators of the CAMELS model and its impact on the quality of financial performance assessment. It is essential that banks with weak ratings restructure their lending policies and limit the provision of loans to high-risk clients, while strengthening collection procedures. It is recommended to rely on an effective financial tool for performance assessment using the CAMELS model and apply it to Iraqi banks to evaluate financial and administrative performance. It is also recommended to develop intensive programs to improve profits, which will positively impact the quality of banks' profits, which will lead to the bank's acceptance by society and attract investors and depositors due to the profits achieved and the ability to meet obligations.

This study aims to analyze the impact of hidden marketing dimensions—namely viral marketing, deceptive marketing, and celebrity marketing—on achieving competitive advantage in tourism companies. The statistical analysis revealed a high level of agreement among participants regarding the effectiveness of viral marketing in attracting their attention and motivating them to explore tourism companies. Participants also expressed a clear awareness of deceptive marketing practices, such as promotional information that does not align with the actual services provided. Furthermore, participants showed a moderate level of acceptance toward celebrity marketing, particularly in terms of their trust in services endorsed by well-known figures.
The internal consistency analysis indicated that most hidden marketing dimensions possess a satisfactory level of reliability, with the exception of celebrity marketing, which requires further refinement to enhance internal stability. Regarding competitive advantage, regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant impact of hidden marketing, in all its dimensions, on achieving competitive superiority. The study concluded with several findings, most notably the presence of a statistically significant influence of hidden marketing (independent variable) on competitive advantage (dependent variable).

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of the organizational model and its dimensions (values, beliefs, assumptions, facts, standards) on digital passion in the private banks located in Baghdad, represented by Baghdad Bank, Al-Tayf Islamic Bank, Al-Mustashar Islamic Bank, Al-Janoob Bank, and Jihan Bank. These banks were
purposefully selected based on criteria such as technological, managerial, digital development, organizational structure, human resources, and others. The study sample consisted of a selection of bank managers and their departments, where 120 questionnaires were distributed. The current study relied on the questionnaire as a primary measurement tool and utilized some statistical methods using software programs (Fuzzy Logic & AMOS&SPSS). The study reached several conclusions, the most important of which were the prioritization of variables based on relative importance, which were, in order: organizational model and digital passion. The results indicated that there is an impact of the organizational model on digital passion. The study also concluded that flexible organizational structures encourage innovation and increase digital passion among employees, while traditional organizational structures may hinder creativity and reduce enthusiasm for modern technologies.

This study aims to examine the impact of capital structure indicators on the financial profitability of Iraqi private commercial banks by an applied study to selected banks consisting of Ashur International Bank for Investment the, National Bank of Iraq and Gulf Commercial Bank over the period 2020–2024. The study problem arises from the differences in banks’ dependence on equity liabilities and credit distribution alongside differences in profitability indicators. The study employs an analytical approach based disclosed annual reports association analysis and linear regression were used to test the associations and impacts between the study factors Capital structure was evaluated using the equity-to-total-assets ratio and the liabilities-to-equity ratio while the loans-to-total-assets ratio was considered as a supporting indicator of credit allocation Profitability was measured using return on assets and return on equity. The results show an inverse relationship between the equity-to-total-assets ratio and profitability a direct relationship between the liabilities-to-equity ratio and profitability and a moderate positive relationship between loans to total assets and profitability The study recommends that Iraqi private banks manage financial leverage carefully in order to enhance profitability while maintaining acceptable levels of banking and credit risk.

This research aims to highlight the potential impact of government support policies in addressing social problems through two main mechanisms: providing soft loans and improving the quality of banking services. The importance of this topic stems from the increasing social and economic challenges facing many countries, which calls for effective government interventions to mitigate them. Government support policies address multiple social problems such as poverty, unemployment, low living standards, and class disparities. Soft government loans are an essential tool for supporting the most vulnerable groups and enabling young people and graduates to launch their own small and medium-sized enterprises, contributing to job creation and economic growth. Concurrently, improving the quality of banking services plays a vital role in promoting financial inclusion, facilitating access to finance for individuals and businesses, and encouraging savings and investment, which supports economic growth and contributes to social stability. The implementation of these policies is expected to yield positive results, including reducing poverty and unemployment rates, improving individual income levels, and enhancing social stability. However, the effectiveness of these policies depends on several factors, including transparency in implementation, combating corruption, simplifying procedures, and providing a stable economic environment.

This research aims to identify the impact of Islamic banking marketing on the financial performance of Islamic banks. The study is based on a set of main hypotheses, including that there is a significant correlation between Islamic banking marketing and the efficiency of financial performance. The problem of the study lies in the fact that Islamic banking marketing is one of the most important basic axes for achieving the competitive advantage of Islamic banks. On the other hand, the financial performance of Islamic banks is linked to their ability to attract deposits. Therefore, there is a need to study the impact of Islamic banking marketing on the efficiency of the financial performance of Islamic banks. The problem lies in knowing the extent of the impact of Islamic banking marketing in raising the efficiency of the financial performance of Islamic banks. The importance of the study is clear in that Islamic banking marketing seeks to gain the trust of customers by relying on the principles of transparency and honesty to enhance the relationship with customers. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach and used the questionnaire to collect data. Statistical methods were used, including Kusenbach's alpha, and reliance on programs including SPSS (28). The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is the existence of a significant impact between Islamic banking marketing and the efficiency of financial performance, and that this impact came from the impact caused by the economic dimension in the first place. Then the moral dimension comes in second place and the social dimension comes in third place. This indicates the importance of these dimensions in enhancing the efficiency of financial performance.

The research aims to measure and analyze the determinants of household savings in Iraq for the period (2005-2023). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to conduct statistical and metric tests. The most prominent conclusions of the research are: The relationship was positive and significant between per capita GDP, interest rates, political stability and household savings, in the short and long term. The relationship between tax burden and household savings was negative and significant .While the relationship was inverse and insignificant between household savings and inflation rate.

The research aimed to determine the impact of financial technology on job performance. This research is one of the first Iraqi scientific researches that attempts to clarify the impact of financial technology on job performance. The descriptive analytical approach was used, and the questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data. It was distributed to the study sample of 385 employees in Iraqi private banks. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 25 statistical analysis program. The researcher relied on a number of Arab and foreign studies to prepare the theoretical framework and clarify the concept and importance of financial technology, its objectives, and to present an explanation of the nature of job performance and its elements, and the importance of evaluating job performance. The researcher reached the following results: There is a significant impact of financial technology on job performance efficiency, there is a significant impact of financial technology on task performance efficiency, there is a significant impact of financial technology on contextual performance efficiency, and there is a significant impact of financial technology on adaptive performance efficiency.

This article aims to shed light on the experiences of global banks in the field of cybersecurity and confronting cyber threats that are constantly evolving, developing new tools and techniques that cause damage to the stability of the financial system of the banking sector, and the article presented the most prominent cyber-attacks faced by both the Reserve Bank of India and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which despite the fact that these banks issue and update their strategies and directives continuously, but they face continuous and sophisticated cyberattacks with each update of these directives, which It indicates that the field of cybersecurity, which includes the aspects of cyber protection and cyber-attacks, will take a large place in important issues for the coming years, so this article focuses on drawing the attention of banks, individuals and all sectors to the importance of cybersecurity and its presence in any institution has become an urgent and very important reality.

Notarization contracts are of great importance in people’s lives, as they record the facts of the agreements with their terms, and are referred to if one or both parties forget, or if they differ in interpreting what they agreed upon, or deny some or all of it. The notarization contract is the basis of contemporary financial transactions, and it has an economic impact on banking performance, which is known in banking literature as Sharia and legal risk management. To clarify the role of notarizations in reducing risks, it is necessary to clarify the concept of notarization and its legitimacy, and then clarify the role of writing, witnessing, personal guarantee, surety, and mortgage in reducing investment risks in Islamic banks.

The current research explores conscious leadership and its role in enhancing organizational maturity within the general directorates of the Independent Zakho Administration. The study aims to identify and analyze the nature of the relationship between conscious leadership and its dimensions—self-awareness, emotional awareness, cognitive awareness, situational awareness, social awareness—and organizational maturity and its dimensions—strategic planning maturity, leadership maturity, process maturity, human resource maturity, and values and cultural maturity. This relationship is considered critical for achieving sustainable growth and operational efficiency in public sector institutions. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology and employs a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The target population consists of managers in administrative units across seven general directorates within the Independent Zakho Administration. A total of 130 questionnaires were distributed, with 113 valid responses obtained for statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29 and Smart PLS version 4.1.1, to test the correlation and impact relationships between the main and sub-variables adopted in the study. The findings revealed several conclusions and recommendations, the most significant of which indicate the existence of statistically significant correlation and impact relationships between conscious leadership and organizational maturity. This underscores the pivotal role that conscious leadership practices play in advancing organizational maturity within the examined directorates. The research also suggests that, despite the relatively weak impact of emotional and situational awareness on organizational maturity, these dimensions can be strengthened through training programs aimed at enhancing leaders’ empathy and emotional intelligence.

The research aims to analyze the impact of the Central Bank of Iraq's management tools on the financial performance of a group of Iraqi banks during the period (2008-2023), and to compare the performance of government and private banks in light of the monetary policies followed, and the research relied on a descriptive and analytical approach using panel data for four banks representing the government and private sectors.
The financial data was collected from the annual reports of the banks and the bulletins of the Central Bank of Iraq, and then analyzed using advanced statistical models such as stability tests (ADF), the joint integration test (Johansen), and the vector auto regression model (VAR).
The results concluded that the central bank's policies, such as lowering the interest rate and increasing credit facilities, had a positive effect on the bank's profitability (ROA), while its effect on the return on equity (ROE) was less obvious. An improvement was also observed in the liquidity ratios and asset quality in the private banks compared to the government ones. The study recommends adopting more flexible monetary policies and strengthening banking supervision to improve financial performance.

This studay investigates to shed light on solving multi-objective transportation problems. Nowadays, many companies and institutions seek to achieve several goals at the same time, as achieving several goals at the same time may be impossible or difficult. Therefore, we resort to objective programming, which is an extension of linear programming. It is one of the modern methods used to solve multi-objective decision-making problems that work to achieve several goals (or some of them) at the same time. The capital warehouse in Mosul city was chosen as the location for the application, as the warehouse manager wants to achieve the process of transporting medicines and medical supplies from the warehouse stores to the subsidiary warehouses with the lowest cost and transportation time. The supply and demand data were analyzed and two different objective programming models were used to solve the multi-objective transportation problem (MOTP) to obtain an optimal solution or a compromise that satisfies the decision maker. The data were solved using one of the mathematical programs specialized in solving operations research models, which gives accurate results in the fastest time. The Win.Qsb program was used. The results showed good achievement of the objectives and reducing the deviations of the achieved objectives from the required objectives. Based on the results obtained, the optimal quantities that should be transferred from the warehouses to the sub-warehouses were determined, which achieves the lowest cost and transportation time.

This study aims to analyze the impact of financial technology (FinTech) on the financial growth of selected banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange during the period 2017–2024. The research addresses the rapid digital transformation in the banking sector and explores the relationship between FinTech adoption and improvements in financial performance within the context of Iraq's emerging banking environment. A descriptive-analytical method was applied for the theoretical framework, while the quantitative approach was used to analyze the financial data of four Iraqi banks, supported by statistical tools such as regression analysis and Pearson correlation.
The findings revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between the use of financial technology and improvements in financial growth indicators such as return on assets, return on equity, and net profit. However, there were noticeable differences among the banks in terms of their ability to leverage digital transformation.
The study recommends enhancing the digital infrastructure of Iraqi banks, developing human capital in FinTech, and updating regulatory frameworks to support the secure and effective adoption of digital services. These measures would improve financial inclusion and promote sustainable growth in the banking sector.

In light of rapid technological advancements, digital health services have become an important part of modern healthcare systems. These services, such as medical appointment booking apps, teleconsultations, and electronic health records, are used to facilitate access to services and improve the quality of care. Despite their multiple advantages, a portion of individuals still refrain from using them for various reasons, such as low trust in technology, lack of experience, or the digital gap. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing individuals' acceptance of digital health services through a field study involving a sample of 150 participants. In order to analyze the relationship between the variables, the binary logistic regression model was used, (such as age, education, income, trust in technology, and previous experience) and the decision to use these services (yes/no). The results revealed a statistically significant relationships between some of these factors, indicating that trust in technology and educational level. Previous experience is considered one of the most significant positive influences on the decision to use. Meanwhile, groups with low trust or limited experience with technology were less likely to adopt these services. The study recommends enhancing digital awareness and training, especially for less frequent users, and simplifying health applications to suit different users, in order to increase acceptance and utilization of these services.

This study aims to identify the impact and role of psychological empowerment in improving job performance and organizational commitment within information technology (IT) companies in Jordan. To achieve the study's objectives, a descriptive-analytical approach was used. The study population consisted of all 900 employees in Jordanian IT companies, and the sample size was 230 male and female employees, selected using a convenient sampling method. After using the Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS) program to analyze the study data, the results showed a significant positive effect of psychological empowerment and its dimensions on job performance and organizational commitment. Furthermore, the results indicated a positive effect of competence and impact dimensions on job performance, and a positive effect of the meaning and impact dimensions on organizational commitment. However, there was no positive effect of the meaning and self-determination dimensions on job performance, nor was there a positive effect of the competence and self-determination dimensions on organizational commitment.

The study aimed to identify the impact of lean management in its dimensions (continuous improvement, standardized work, participatory leadership, and respect for employees) on enhancing creativity in its dimensions (sensitivity to problems, fluency, originality, and flexibility) in Yemeni pharmaceutical companies. The research population was represented by all employees of the Modern Pharma Company and the Global Pharma Company in Yemen, who numbered (966) male and female employees. The research sample consisted of (246) who were selected using the proportional stratified random sampling method, and the descriptive analytical method was used, by adopting the questionnaire as a data collection tool, which included (32) items distributed over the variables of the study. The results of the study showed that the reality of applying lean management in Yemeni pharmaceutical companies was high. It highlighted that the level of enhancing creativity was moderate, and the results demonstrated that there was a statistically significant effect of applying lean management in enhancing creativity in its dimensions. In light of the results, the study recommends the following: the necessity of expanding the use of lean management tools by Yemeni pharmaceutical companies because of their essential and clear role in achieving the elements of creativity.

La dette publique nationale est l'un des moyens les plus importants de la politique financière pour faire face au déficit du budget général. Utiliser pour analyser les indicateurs des outils de politique financière et de la dette publique nationale et leur importance, une fluctuation claire pendant la période de recherche, en raison de la fluctuation des prix de sa seule source de richesse et de revenu. et l'année en cours par un montant de (0,830) unités standard. Et le tourisme), et la rationalisation des dépenses publiques, en particulier les dépenses courantes, en limitant l'expansion massive du secteur public par l'adoption d'un ensemble de politiques visant à stimuler le secteur privé, et la nécessité de distribuer les ressources économiques et de les utiliser de manière efficace et optimale grâce aux efforts concertés et coordonnés entre les ministères du gouvernement, le Bureau de surveillance financière et d'autres institutions de surveillance de la Chambre des représentants, la Commission d'intégrité et les institutions médiatiques pour prévenir l'extravagance et le gaspillage et lutter contre la corruption administrative et financière dans les institutions gouvernementales.

Tourism is a dynamic field and one of the fastest-growing industries worldwide. In Jordan, the tourism sector remains a valuable source of income. In 2019, the revenues (JD 4.1 billion) represented approximately 13% of GDP. Jordan is a country that has a historical and cultural heritage. It has many glorious and attractive places like Jarash. This study explores the role of trademarks in strengthening the Tourism Industry in Jarash, JORDAN, and whether and to what extent trademarks can be used to promote the tourism sector in Jarash. The study finds that Certificate trademarks and Collective marks are potent tools for strengthening the competitiveness of the businesses operating within the tourism industry and can strengthen the whole tourism industry.

This research aims to explore the role of academic leadership in achieving academic excellence through the mediating role of digital capabilities, which academic leaders employ in regulating the relationship between leadership and academic excellence. Recently, faculty members have faced increasing workloads, including teaching, research, publication, academic supervision, and administrative tasks. The University of Anbar was chosen as the study site, with a purposive sample of 132 senior and middle management leaders selected for a comprehensive survey. These leaders are responsible for developing and overseeing the implementation of strategies. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the research variables to determine the significance of differences in responses among the sample. The data was then subjected to statistical analysis using several appropriate statistical methods within the SPSS package, such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation and effect relationships, and path analysis. SPSS version 26 was used to test the hypotheses and statistically describe the sample. The researcher reached several conclusions, the most important being the significant and direct impact of academic leadership on achieving excellence standards. This reflects the fact that the quality of leadership practices is immediately reflected in the quality of academic output. Regarding educational services, the results demonstrated that successful academic leadership is a driving force in building digital capabilities, as leadership convictions contribute to overcoming obstacles to comprehensive digital transformation. The research also recommended adopting academic excellence standards as a primary tool for evaluating leadership competence, making the advancement of the college or university the true measure of leadership success. Furthermore, it recommended conducting periodic studies to assess the level of excellence and digital capabilities according to the current model, in order to identify and reinforce strengths and address any gaps that may arise in the future.