Journal of Misan Researches

This study aims to highlight the role of the State of Kuwait in the October War of 1973, whether that role is within the broader Arab framework or a specific role of the State of Kuwait, both officially and among its citizens. Therefore, the study has been divided into three sections; the first discussed the role of the State of Kuwait in the October War of 1973 within the contest of the general Arab framework, while the second section focused on the Kuwait’s official role in the October War. The third section shed light on the popular role of the State of Kuwait during the October War. The study is based on a variety of Arabic and foreign documents and references, in addition to a several articles and what was reported in contemporary newspapers regarding those events. To achieve the study’s objectives, both descriptive and historical methodologies based on analysis and induction were utilized. The study concluding with several findings, including Kuwait’s use of oil as a weapon within the decision issued by the Arab oil-exporting countries, as well as Kuwait’s contribution in the official and military support for both Egypt and Syria in facing the Israeli aggression, alongside the efforts of the Kuwaiti people during this war through the positions of the Kuwaiti National Assembly and the Kuwaiti cultural discourse that supports the Palestinian cause, highlighted by several Kuwaiti poets

This study investigates the role of the Tech for Peace initiative as the first Iraqi experience specialized in monitoring fabricated news and debunking rumors aimed at misleading public opinion and destabilizing security, politics, and social order. The research is grounded in the assumption that the growing use of social media platforms contributes to amplifying the phenomenon of rumors, transforming them into an effective tool for generating disorder and reshaping collective awareness on non-objective grounds. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical method, employing both participant observation and qualitative–quantitative content analysis. A research sample comprising 570 posts published on the Tech 4 Peace Facebook page between January 29, 2025, and September 20, 2025, was analyzed through content-analysis grids structured around predefined categories. The findings indicate that the initiative functions as a pivotal actor in raising public awareness and safeguarding audiences against disinformation campaigns. Most rumors were politically oriented, designed to incite fear and hatred, and disseminated by public or anonymous pages—underscoring the necessity of specialized fact-checking platforms to strengthen informational and societal security

Arab-American relations between 1955 and 1957 were marked by tension and fluctuations, characterized by US attempts to transform the Middle East into a regional arena linked to NATO via the Turkish bridge through the project, and later the Baghdad Pact in 1955. This was further complicated by the rise of local communist influence in the latter half of the 1950s, and the shift of Syria and Egypt to the left and eastward towards the Soviets between 1955 and 1957, a principle rejected by both countries. Gamal Abdel Nasser considered the Eisenhower Doctrine a new form of American colonialism aimed at filling the vacuum left by the Tripartite Aggression and attempting to quickly isolate Western influence at the expense of Arab freedom. Egypt led an Arab opposition front, warning that its disappearance would fragment Arab solidarity and bring about Western hegemony. Syria also rejected it.
With both countries rejecting the Eisenhower Doctrine, the United States began pushing Syria's neighbors, including Iraq and Turkey, to threaten it, which caused Arab divisions. The Doctrine stipulated military intervention to preserve the independence and sovereignty of Middle Eastern states against any aggression from countries allied with the Soviet Union, in addition to providing military and economic aid to countries in the region to help them counter communism. The Syrian government's response to Eisenhower rejected the idea of a "vacuum" and any American military intervention in the region, denying the existence of any communist threat and emphasizing that maintaining security and peace in the Middle East was solely the responsibility of the region's peoples

The model is a rhetorical manuscript written by Abdul Wahhab bin Ali Al-Istarabadi, who died after 883 AH. He was well-versed in rhetoric and its writings, steeped in the connotations of its various symbols. In its text, he references some works whose rhetorical connotations he employed, in addition to alluding to the flourishing of rhetoric in his time. Furthermore, most of his citations are from verses of the Holy Qur'an and later Arabic poetry, indicating an awareness of the sublime texts that should be emphasized in rhetorical studies. This is because the manuscript encompasses the three sciences of rhetoric: semantics, rhetoric, and poetic art. It also covers the divisions of speech and the concepts of eloquence and rhetoric, which were initially studied and investigated, in order to uncover a source of knowledge that was established for us by earlier scholars. This research serves as a ray of light for the enrichment and knowledge that rhetorical studies are based on, as it encompasses the productions of previous eras

The current research aims to identify the creative thinking skills among students of the Department of Art Education. The research sample consisted of (53) male and female third-stage students (second course) in the "Principles of Acting" subject. To measure creative thinking skills, the researcher utilized the (Al-Hakkak, 2010) scale—a test for verbal creative thinking ability among university students—due to its suitability for the Iraqi environment and university population. After presenting the tool to a panel of specialized experts, the researcher extracted the validity and reliability coefficients. Following the application of the scale, the results indicated that students of the Art Education Department do not possess creative thinking skills. Furthermore, the findings showed no statistically significant differences in creative thinking skills attributable to the variables of gender or college. Accordingly, the researcher proposed several recommendations, including: the necessity of supporting university students and providing them with job opportunities, and enriching undergraduate curricula to enhance their creative thinking capabilities

The research revealed that Iraq is considered a region contested by the control of various superficial synoptic systems due to its astronomical location; the area represents a transitional zone with diverse climatic conditions between the influences of cold and warm air, especially during the winter season. This resulted in a clear monthly and seasonal variation in the geopotential height values controlling the centers of the Mediterranean low-pressure system. The highest change in geopotential height values was recorded; the greatest change during January in the northern direction reached (19.2) meters, while the lowest change in the northwestern direction occurred in February with a value of (−40.8) meters. At the seasonal level, the northern direction recorded the highest decline in averages with a directional coefficient of (−0.08) and a change amounting to (−4.8), with a very weak positive correlation of (0.03). Meanwhile, the entry of the system from the northwestern direction recorded the lowest variations with a directional coefficient of (−1.52) and a change amounting to (−91.2) meters, with a resulting correlation of (0.32), and the nature of the relationship was weakly positive. It is noted that the general average shows a gradual decrease in the control of the low-pressure centers, with a directional coefficient of (−1.12), a recorded change of (−67.2) meters, and a weak positive correlation of (0.21)

After the Umayyad rule was established, Islamic society witnessed radical transformations brought about by Muawiyah ibn Abi Suyan, who sought to tame the social and intellectual structure to ensure the continuity of his rule, He adopted a systematic policy based on exploiting religion and directing public opinion by fabricating hadiths, disseminating storytellers, and establishing a policy of cursing Imam Ali (peace be upon him) from the pulpits, He also bribed influential figures in the Hijaz and employed political assassinations to eliminate opponents, These practices were not fleeting, but rather constituted the features of a dangerous historical phase, the effects of which were reflected in the value and moral structure of Islamic society

Security is considered the lifeline of both the individual and society. The security of the homeland is a fundamental need for every citizen, whether related to psychological security, security of resources and wealth, information security, or any other field connected to citizens’ lives, whether they work in the public sector, private sector, or in self-employment. Stability is also closely linked to security, as there can be no stability without security. The stability of society depends on the stability of the individual, and the stability of the state depends on the stability of its society. For example, an individual seeks to be stable in his home, and any disruption in an individual’s stability reflects on the stability of his family. As the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) said: “Whoever wakes up secure in his home, healthy in his body, and possessing his daily sustenance, it is as though he has gained the entire world.” Thus, whenever the individual is stable, the entire society becomes stable, and the reverse is also true—that lack of security and stability for the individual and society affects the political, economic, and social stability of the state.
The current research aims to identify the most important components of the feeling of security stability among employees at the University of Basra, and to determine the differences between males and females in their level of perceived security stability. The research is limited to the University of Basra for the academic year 2023/2024 and is restricted to a sample of employees from the College of Education for Human Sciences. As for the theoreticalA
framework, the researcher relied on Maslow’s theory of human needs (Maslow Theory). To achieve the research objectives, a scale measuring the feeling of security stability was developed. The researcher posed an open-ended question to a group of university employees to determine the main components of the feeling of security stability from the sample’s perspective, then identified the scale’s domains and formulated the items for each domain according to Maslow’s theory. After that, the psychometric properties of the scale—validity, reliability, and discrimination—were established, followed by administering the scale to a representative sample. The responses were then scored and ranked in descending order, and the results were presented and interpreted in light of the research objectives. Based on the findings, a number of recommendations and suggestions related to the research topic were proposed

The three stations (Al-Hussein/Basra, Al-Nasiriyah, and Al-Amarah) recorded seasonal change rates in rainfall averages within the indicator (>1 mm) of (4.6), (3.0), and (-1.8) days respectively, with a general average of (1.9) days and a percentage rate of (52.4%) higher than the general average. This indicates the region's tendency towards increased aridity during the rainy year, with variation across the study stations, particularly in the autumn season.
Meanwhile, the rates within the (R10mm) indicator were (-0.3), (0.02), and (0.3) days respectively, with a general average of (0.007) days and a percentage rate of (65.9%) lower than the general average. This represents the highest variation among the studied stations, with relative stability in winter, while the (spring) season showed a downward trend, particularly at Al-Hussein and Al-Nasiriyah stations. A slight decrease appeared during (winter) at the two aforementioned stations, with a slight increase at Al-Amarah station.
As for the rates within the (R20mm) indicator, they were (0.5, 0.7, 0.03) days respectively, with a general average of (0.4) days and a percentage rate of (79.9%) lower than the general average. A slight increase appeared, particularly in the (autumn) season at Al-Nasiriyah and Al-Amarah stations, with a strong surge at Al-Nasiriyah station in (winter). Conversely, a clear decrease appeared at Al-Hussein station (winter), with relative stability in the (spring) season with similar rates among the three stations. These results show a varying decline in rainfall in southern Iraq throughout the study period, confirming the reality of climate change and the region's tendency towards increased aridity

This study addresses the geopolitical significance of the South Caucasu region as a pivotal area within the Eurasian geopolitical and strategic framework, due to Its strategic location connecting Asia and Europe, and serving as a lInk between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The research reviews the historical background of geopolitical conflicts In the region, particularly the Azerbaijani–Armenian dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh, as well as internal crises in Georgia, and analyzes their regional and international dimensions
It also highlights the strategic and economic Importance of the region, especially regarding energy resources and cross-border oil and gas pipelines, whichh are central to the global energy security equation. The study employs a geopolitical analytical approach to interpret the competition among regional and international powers, including Russia, Turkey, and the United States, over control of vital corridors In the South Caucasus.
The study concludes that the South Caucasus constitutes a central geopolitical node In the Eurasian space, and Its stability is directly linked to regional power balances and global energy security

This research examines the origins of The New York Times and its institutional and editorial vision from the mid-19th century until the end of 1991. As one of the most prominent and influential journalistic institutions in the United States, it has shaped public opinion and political decision-making. From its founding in 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones, the newspaper sought to establish an editorial approach based on moderation, professionalism, and independence from sharp political divisions. This contributed to building its early reputation as a serious newspaper committed to delivering accurate and objective news. Over the decades, the newspaper kept pace with major political and economic transformations, from the two World Wars through the Cold War and the international shifts of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Its technological infrastructure and editorial methods evolved, and its role in investigative journalism and setting the media agenda became prominent, making it an influential player in public debates on American foreign policy and the international order. Its institutional expansion and adherence to rigorous editorial standards further solidified its position as a trusted news source both nationally and internationally

The Islamic nation is in dire need of an elevated human status in order to ascend to the features of the Islamic religion, and the message of prophecy that the Messenger of God (PBUH) brought, in order for its concept to be renewed in the minds of generations. Intellectual education in the Holy Qur’an is the basis of the human approach that it follows, so if education is corrupted then belief is corrupted, and that the basis for the extinction of the sound intellectual mind, which afflicts many Muslims today, began with the partisanship and intellectual intolerance of each sect, which led to the crystallization and emergence of misguided ideas alien to Islam rejected it in the Qur’an decades ago, but it was renewed as a result of what is called

Al-Sakkaki (d. 626 AH / 1229 CE) occupies a central position in the history of Arabic rhetoric, not only because he authored a work that became a foundational reference in rhetorical studies, but also because he brought about a radical transformation in the nature of this discipline—from a critical practice with literary and aesthetic dimensions into a rational science grounded in systematization, classification, and definition. His book Miftāḥ al-ʿUlūm (The Key to the Sciences) brought together various fields (grammar, morphology, derivation, semantics, rhetoric of expression, and embellishment) within a unified framework, rendering the work a comprehensive linguistic, rhetorical, and philosophical encyclopedia.
From this perspective, the central research problem emerges: how can Al-Sakkaki’s rhetoric be reinterpreted beyond the limits of formal systematization? Furthermore, was his rhetorical project a cause of the contraction of rhetoric, or did it instead establish a scientific foundation that enabled subsequent scholars to sustain and further develop the study of this discipline?

This article examines the targeting of the Ku Klux Klan by the COINTELPRO program as a salient manifestation of U.S. domestic security policy during the 1960s, a decade marked by escalating racial violence and the expansion of the civil rights movement in the southern states. It begins by tracing the historical roots of the Ku Klux Klan and its transformation from a limited social association into a semi-militarized racist organization that carried out organized terror against African Americans and advocates of racial equality, benefiting in its early phases from local complicity and institutional silence.
The study demonstrates that the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s initial approach to the organization was characterized by hesitation and passive neutrality. This posture shifted following pivotal events—most notably the murders associated with the 1964 “Freedom Summer”—which prompted the Bureau to adopt a more interventionist stance by bringing the Ku Klux Klan within the scope of COINTELPRO. In this framework, the FBI employed a range of covert methods, including organizational penetration, the recruitment of informants, the dissemination of rumors, the use of anonymous letters and satirical propaganda, as well as financial and administrative measures—such as tax investigations—aimed at dismantling the organization’s internal structure and undermining its capacity for continuity.
The article further reveals that COINTELPRO’s campaign against the Ku Klux Klan extended beyond conventional intelligence activities to encompass structural deception, including the creation of fictitious organizations and the exploitation of internal divisions, culminating in clandestine field operations that raised profound legal and ethical concerns. It concludes that this campaign represents a clear example of the “preventive dismantling” strategies adopted by the American state in confronting internal threats; while effective in weakening the organization, these measures simultaneously exposed the constitutional limits and inherent tensions of covert security practices within a democratic system.
The article concludes with a closing section that synthesizes the findings, supported by precise documentary references and a comprehensive bibliography of the sources upon which the study is based.
Keywords: COINTELPRO; counterintelligence program; Ku Klux Klan; FBI; domestic security policy

This research aims to identify the true happiness experienced by mothers of children with special needs and to determine their level of genuine happiness.
The research was conducted on a sample of mothers of children with special needs, totaling 297 mothers, selected randomly. To achieve the research objective, the researcher adopted the True Happiness Scale developed by Seligman (translated by Al-A'sar, 2004). The psychometric properties of the scale were verified, and the researchers established its face and construct validity. Reliability was also determined using two methods: the test-retest reliability coefficient was (0.904), and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was (0.791).
To achieve the research objective, the data of the individuals in the final application sample were subjected to statistical analysis using the t-test for a single sample and a population. The result of the statistical analysis showed that the calculated t-value was (18.43), which is statistically significant at a significance level of (0.05), as it is greater than the critical value of (1.960) with a degree of freedom of (278), and in favor of the population mean as the largest mean. This indicates that mothers of children with special needs do not enjoy true happiness

Intellectual terrorism is one of the most serious challenges confronting contemporary societies, as it directly targets collective consciousness and individual behavior through the control of thoughts and beliefs. This form of terrorism relies on psychological pressure, misinformation, and the systematic exclusion of opposing viewpoints in order to impose specific ideologies. Its tools include directed media, educational institutions, religious and political discourse, digital platforms, and social sanctions. Intellectual terrorism stems from several factors, including extremism, ignorance, political and sectarian conflicts, weak cultural awareness, and the absence of critical thinking. Its primary objectives are to dominate society, manipulate public opinion, suppress intellectual diversity, and serve narrow ideological or political interests. Consequently, addressing intellectual terrorism requires strengthening critical thinking, promoting freedom of thought and expression, and developing educational and cultural systems capable of protecting individuals and societies from intellectual manipulation

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The period following the September 11, 2001 attacks marked a turning point in US policy towards Iraq, The administration of President George W. Bush, heavily influenced by neoconservative ideology, led an intensive political and diplomatic campaign to mobilize American public opinion and legislative support for the occupation of Iraq. This trend was embodied in the submission of the Authorization for Use of Military Force (H.J.Res.114)to Congress in September 2002. This endeavor faced strong domestic opposition that questioned the US administration's claims that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction and had ties to al-Qaeda, and warned of serious strategic consequences. This controversy led to intensive discussions in Congress that ended with the passage of the war authorization, paving the way for the American occupation of Iraq in 2003

The Assyrian campaigns against Egypt during the reign of Ashurbanipal (668–627 BCE) represent one of the most significant military and political interactions in the history of the ancient Near East. These campaigns were driven not only by geographic expansion but also by ideological claims of divine right and imperial legacy. Ashurbanipal, known as both a scholarly king and a gifted military leader, sought to reinforce Assyrian dominance over the Nile Valley after years of local revolts and Kushite influence. His inscriptions reveal a deeply rooted perception of Egypt as an integral component of Assyrian hegemony. Through a systematic analysis of these texts, this study aims to uncover the ideological underpinnings, political motivations, and military strategies behind Ashurbanipal's Egyptian campaigns

This chapter examines the obstacles and consequences related to the employment of females in the governmental health sector in Maysan Governorate. The analysis is based on field data collected through questionnaires distributed among female workers across various districts. The results revealed that the most common obstacle is the long working hours (37.66%), followed by problems with colleagues and patients, and then issues with supervisors. Transportation was also identified as a major challenge, as most employees rely on taxis (68.97%), which leads to delays in attendance (50.18%) due to long distances and traffic congestion.
Socially, the study found that some families disapprove of women working in the health sector because of societal perceptions and night shifts. It also revealed family problems caused by work-related pressures (22.71%), mainly marital conflicts and difficulties in balancing work and household responsibilities. Moreover, 44.87% of working women reported that their jobs affect their domestic duties, while most of them rely on wisdom and rational thinking to deal with family problems (73.35%).
From a future perspective, the projections indicate an expected increase in the number of female employees in medical professions (medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy) by 2033. This highlights the need to develop future plans that align with population growth and the expansion of healthcare facilities to accommodate the increasing number of female workers

The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a proposed instructional model based on Situated Cognition Theory in the acquisition of geomorphological concepts among students of Colleges of Basic Education. The researcher adopted both the descriptive and experimental approaches. The study sample consisted of (56) male and female students, divided into (28) students in the experimental group and (28) students in the control group from second-year students at the College of Basic Education/Department of Geography.
The research instrument was a geomorphological concept acquisition test consisting of (60) multiple-choice items. The findings revealed that teaching according to the proposed model grounded in Situated Cognition Theory contributed to diversifying instructional strategies and activating the learner’s role. This, in turn, facilitated students’ transition from rote learning to deep understanding of the subject matter. This improvement can be attributed to the theory’s emphasis on active interaction and knowledge construction within authentic contexts, which positively reflected on the achievement of the experimental group students.
The study recommended raising instructors’ awareness of the importance of identifying students’ preferred learning styles and investing in them to promote deep learning and enhance interaction, while also supporting other learning approaches to ensure balanced development of knowledge and skills

This study aims to investigate the degree of sequence and coherence in the topics of Arabic grammar between the primary and intermediate stages of education. The research adopted the descriptive analytical method through analyzing the content of grammar topics in the textbooks of the fifth and sixth grades of primary school and comparing them with the textbooks of the first, second, and third grades of intermediate school.
The results revealed a degree of continuity in presenting several fundamental grammatical concepts, such as verbs, the subject (agent), the nominal sentence components (subject and predicate), indefinite and definite nouns, kāna and its sisters, inna and its sisters, as well as certain plural forms and inflectional patterns. This reflects the adoption of the principle of gradual progression in introducing grammatical concepts. The findings also indicated that the level of coherence between the primary stage and the first intermediate grade reached (68%), while it was (50%) with the second intermediate grade. In contrast, the level of coherence with the third intermediate grade was weak, reaching only (11%). This suggests the need to strengthen curricular consistency in presenting Arabic grammar topics across the different educational stages

This study examines the way people engage with one another when debating on Twitter via pragmatic strategies that are used to express politeness and interactively create positive self-presentations (face-work) to build and maintain a relationship, establish credibility, and negotiate meaning within the structure of an online discussion. The study adopted a qualitative approach. A Politeness Theory has been used for this research, and it was developed by Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson in 1987. It addresses how speakers engage in managing face-work, the desire to preserve self-image and social harmony through practical methods of language, such as positive and negative politeness, and face-threatening acts such as criticisms and disagreements. A representative sample of Twitter debates (5) on socio-political topics are selected, ensuring diversity of participants and contexts. The results showed that Twitter debates illustrate that users utilize strategic combinations of positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record speech, and bald on-record speech to achieve a balance of confrontation and mitigation. The use of these strategies enables users to create meaning in the context of rapidly developing online discourse; they are used to develop interactional meaning and facilitate conflict resolution. Additionally, the use of these strategies facilitates social identity negotiation and positioning (e.g., as a rational debater, moral advocate, representative of their group) within larger sociopolitical contexts

The study of Arab heritage represents an important field of knowledge in literary research, as it encompasses a rich cultural and civilizational legacy that has significantly contributed to the development of Arabic literature and provided enduring sources of inspiration and renewed perspectives. Among the most prominent elements of this heritage are Arabic proverbs, which preserve within their concise linguistic structure a wide range of stories, images, and human experiences. Through their condensed rhetorical forms, these proverbs have transmitted values, wisdom, and lessons across generations, becoming firmly embedded in the collective memory of Arab society.
Arabic proverbs also offer a vivid portrayal of the Arab environment and its social, cultural, and moral foundations. They document many of the behavioral traits that were highly regarded at the time, such as courage, loyalty, generosity, and honor. Their role, however, was not limited to highlighting positive qualities; they also addressed undesirable behaviors in order to warn against them and draw attention to their consequences, including cowardice, treachery, and miserliness. In this way, proverbs assumed both an evaluative and a reformative function.
Within this context, heritage figures came to occupy a prominent place in Arabic proverbs. These figures were invoked as human models associated with particular traits or situations that had become widely recognized in the collective consciousness. Their inclusion reflected deeply rooted social values and life experiences, whether positive or negative, and served as an effective literary and symbolic means of expressing reality and representing its various concerns. References to figures with negative associations often pointed to forms of social and moral deficiency, whereas the invocation of positive figures reflected society’s desire to reinforce virtuous values and ideals. Consequently, heritage figures played a significant role in shaping the structure of Arabic proverbs and enriching their meanings, embodying diverse images that mirrored the realities of Arab society and the intellectual and ethical dimensions of its culture