University of Anbar Sport and Physical Education Science Journal

The study aims to design an educational website using the FrontPages program and to know its effect on learning and retaining the kinetic chain performance on the horizontal bar. The experimental method was applied to the research sample, which includes 20 students from the second year students in the College of Physical Education / University of Baghdad, divided into two experimental and control groups. The availability of computers among the sample members and the skill of using the program's applications were confirmed; Also, a test of equivalence between the two groups in the kinetic chain and some elements of physical fitness was conducted; For the purpose of starting with one starting line, the researchers used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program; To reach the research results, which indicated that the students’ learning in performing a movement series on the horizontal bar was better for the experimental group that used the educational website than the control group that used the traditional method followed. This indicates that the educational website that was designed had a positive impact. The researchers recommended the necessity of using modern scientific applications and introducing them into the field of teaching gymnastic movements, as they are an effective means of achieving learning, saving effort and time and achieving the desired goal.

The importance of the research lies in preparing educational exercises according to tactical knowledge for simple indirect attack skills. The researchers sought to crystallize the objectives of the educational and training process by integrating them into unified educational exercises that include teaching skills according to applied planning cognitive information to familiarize the learner with controlling and mastering skill teaching through play and understanding the planning situation, thus achieving better learning and good performance. The research aims to identify the effect of educational exercises in teaching simple indirect attacks with foil. The researchers used the method with a strict control method (experimental group + control group). The researchers identified the research community as young people in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate and in a deliberate manner. Then the research sample was selected randomly, where their number reached (12) players out of (18) players and aged (16-17 years). The research sample was divided randomly into two groups (an experimental group and a control group, each group containing (6) players, except for the difference in the independent variable, which is (planning knowledge), which coincides with learning the technical skills of the experimental group. The method of implementing the educational curriculum The researchers developed educational exercises to teach some simple indirect attacks, according to the planning knowledge of those skills in foil) and the cognitive information is when? How is this skill applied? Why? And against what kind of competitors? What are the strengths and weaknesses that we can perform this skill with? The results were processed statistically using the SPSS system. There were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups at the level of (0.01) in the simple indirect attack and in favor of the dimensional measurement of the experimental group. The researchers attribute this to the educational exercises, as practicing fencing has a clear effect in improving the tactical knowledge of the players through the proposed curriculum. The researchers concluded that applying the educational exercises led to the development of tactical knowledge to a better degree than the curriculum that did not use the exercises. It was recommended to apply the educational exercises according to the tactical knowledge as it contributes to learning the simple indirect attack.

The aim of the study is to prepare complex skill-planning exercises performed according to the training network in football for the research sample. To identify the effect of compound exercises according to the training network on some physical abilities and tactical rules in football for the research sample, the researcher used the experimental method; To meet the nature of the research problem, the research sample was chosen intentionally, represented by Hit Sports Club and Haditha Sports Club. The number of players was (46). (14) players were excluded from the sample for various reasons. Thus, the final total became (32) players who were divided into two groups by lottery, one experimental (Hit Club) and the other control (Haditha Club) with (16) players for each group. The experimental group applied the proposed training method (complex exercises according to the training network, while the control group applied the training method followed by the coach. Then the test and pre-analysis of the research variables under study were conducted. After that, the experimental method was applied to the experimental group with (4) training units for a period of eight weeks). After completing the training curriculum period, the post-tests were conducted under the same conditions as the tests and pre-analysis, approximately, with the same previous variables.

The study aimed to show the effect of diverting attention on the level of player performance in sports activity, while the research problem lies in the weakness of the skill performance by the research sample for the skill of smashing. The researcher chose the experimental method and the design of the single group with pre- and post-measurements, which was applied to a sample of (12) players, where (2) of them were excluded, so the number of participants became (10) players from the Anbar Paralympic Committee for Volleyball - Sitting. The researcher addressed the educational method in detail, after which the post-tests were applied in the same manner and conditions as the pre-tests, then the results of the tests were presented in a table to identify the differences by using the (T) law for symmetrical samples, after which the results were analyzed and discussed, preferably. The researcher concluded that the designed exercises used in the research led to the development of the players’ skill performance, and thus it was positively reflected on the selected skill under study. The researcher recommended using the exercises prepared by him to develop the skill aspect of the players.

The study aimed to know the effect of using skill exercises applied inside the tennis court on some physical abilities represented by the Nelson test for the transitional motor response, the side step test, and the corners test to measure the agility of the tennis player. As for the skill abilities, they included the Dyer test for tennis strokes and the Chavez and Naider test for flying strokes. The research sample was summarized by players practicing the game in the Iraqi Hunting Club aged (13-15) years, where they were divided into two groups, the first control and the second experimental, and included five (5) players for each group. After calculating the homogeneity and equivalence of the two groups, the exercises were applied to the experimental group for two consecutive months at a rate of (3) three units per week. After conducting the post-tests, it was concluded that the player's agility and speed developed by moving steps Sideways and change of direction as well as the speed of the transitional movement in the court, and there was also an improvement in the speed and strength of tennis strikes and flying strikes for the experimental group, while the control group also improved in the physical and skill tests, but not to the same degree of improvement as the experimental group. Therefore, after the research hypothesis was verified, the researchers recommended the necessity of including footwork exercises within the training programs in the special preparation stage for players at all levels and for both sexes due to their importance on the physical side and thus the development of the skill side of the game of tennis.

The researchers noticed through their work in the field of teaching in the College of Physical Education the method of teaching male and female students and their ability to acquire these skills and the problems they encounter and the disparity between learners in the speed of performing motor duties. It was noted that there are those who are able to reach the initial performance of the skill quickly compared to other learners, as they need repetitions and attempts to a large extent to perform the same motor duties required on the artistic gymnastics devices. Therefore, the idea of ​​the research came to study these skills and on the six devices for men. Therefore, the research aimed to experimentally verify the existence of the ability to learn some motor skills in artistic gymnastics. The hypothesis of the research was that there are individual differences between the individuals of the research sample in the speed of acquiring the initial performance of motor skills in artistic gymnastics, which confirms the existence of the ability to learn motor skills in gymnastics. Accordingly, the method used in the research was the experimental method and the research sample included the second-year students of the College of Physical Education, University of Diyala, for the academic year 2011-2012, numbering (10) students. The application of the method took (a month and a half) for each three skills, one at a rate of (2) educational units per week, i.e. a total of (12) educational units throughout the research period. The researchers concluded several conclusions, the most important of which were: 1- The suitability of the method used for the ages of the students contributed to the application in the correct and appropriate manner, which greatly helped in the process of acquiring some skills on the six gymnastic devices for men. 2 Through the results, it was proven that there is a significant presence of the student's ability to learn faster and acquire it in the shortest possible time.

The research aims to evaluate the philosophy of the curriculum and objectives of physical education for the initial study in the colleges of physical education in Iraq from the point of view of lecturers and to benefit from the standards of quality of higher education in evaluating the curricula. The researchers used the descriptive approach, and the research community included lecturers in the departments and colleges of physical education, numbering (430) professors and assistant professors. The researchers concluded that the philosophy of the curriculum must take into account diversity and intellectual pluralism to achieve the goal, and that the objectives of the curriculum must match the needs of learners and society. The most prominent recommendations are: reviewing the curricula periodically and studying their content continuously with the introduction of quality standards in line with modern education and teaching curricula.

The study aims to evaluate the effect of using respiratory efficiency training methods on some physiological variables and swimming ability indicators for middle-distance swimmers. 17 swimmers participated in the study for distances of 200 and 400 m. The swimmers were randomly divided into three groups: a control group that practiced swimming training without using a breathing limiter, and two experimental groups, the first trained using a chest belt and the second using the Ultrabreath control device. All swimmers in the three groups followed the approved training program for 6 weeks, at a rate of four training units per week, during which they trained in each unit to swim at 70-85% of the maximum pulse rate. The following physiological indicators were calculated: oxygen consumption rate Vo2max, respiratory rate and heart rate. The modified Black test was used to measure the time to exhaustion of effort, and the 20-minute swimming test (20-T) was used to measure the ability to swim. The results showed that the physiological variables under study had developed in both experimental groups. The results of the 20-T test indicators also showed an improvement in both experimental groups in the average speed for the distance covered in 20 minutes, the average time for swimming 100 m, and the total distance covered in 20 minutes. The researcher concluded that using training methods to impose greater resistance on the respiratory muscles during training leads to adaptations of these muscles, which is reflected in the improvement of athletic performance.

Handball is considered one of the distinctive team games in the world, the leading ball that attracts the attention of many of its fans, as countries of the world have begun to seek expertise, capabilities and costs of effort in order to reach more accurate details aimed at developing the physical, technical, mental and tactical capabilities of players in order to build the player from all aspects, taking into account all the foundations imposed by the circumstances of the match. The research problem lies in the researcher's experience as a teacher and assistant coach and through follow-up and because shooting in its various types in handball is considered one of the important basic skills that the player must master perfectly throughout the race period and is considered the final crowning of the efforts made by the players on the field to achieve goals and obtain a team's loss of an opportunity and score a goal, which leads to the loss of an opportunity that the team may be in dire need of and may determine the fate of the team's victory or loss, as we find that many teams have lost many opportunities in matches due to the failure to direct (accuracy) the ball's shooting to the appropriate place for the goal, so the researcher decided to conduct this research to identify the relationship between the degree of attention focus and sensory-motor perception and the accuracy of performing the shooting skill from a high jump in handball. The research aims to identify:
1- The relationship between the degree of attention focus and the accuracy of performing the shooting skill from a high jump for junior handball players
2- The relationship between the level of sensory-motor perception and the accuracy of performing the shooting skill from a high jump for junior handball players

The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research community consisted of players from Baghdad Al-Karkh Police and Army Clubs for Juniors, numbering (42) players. The sample was chosen using a simple random method, numbering (25) players. The researcher conducted the exploratory experiment and then extracted the scientific foundations for the tests. Its data was processed using appropriate statistical methods, including the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and simple correlation coefficient (Pearson). The researcher came up with the most important conclusions, the emergence of an insignificant correlation between the degree of attention concentration and the accuracy of the performance of the shooting skill from high jumping in handball.

The study, which was conducted on the most important areas of body leadership (the brain), aimed to know the effect of sports injuries to the head in Muay Thai players. A deliberate sample of (7) players who participated in the Iraqi Championship for Advanced Players for the 2013-2014 season was selected. The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of solving the research problem. Several means and tools were used to select mental stress and the left hemisphere of the brain, as explained in the text of this research. The researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which were:
- The sample's activity declined in terms of the productivity of the left part of the brain.
- The sample's activity declined through what the results of the mental stress variables showed
As for the recommendations, the most important was the use of scientific devices and tools related to feedback to help the player detect levels of brain activity early.

The player's movement on the field requires the development of some physical abilities, and this requires the development of motor exercises (skill-physical) to develop one of the most important skills that the player needs on the field. Therefore, this study came, which aims to develop a training program that includes motor exercises in addition to knowing the differences between the pre- and post-tests of physical abilities. For this reason, the researcher used the training method to solve a research problem in addition to selecting a deliberate sample after (14) players from the players participating in the Qatar Clubs Championship for the year 2013 who underwent a test of the skill of handling and anaerobic capacity. After the procedures for applying the training method and after those procedures related to the research, including conducting specialized treatments, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which were: The training program of compound exercises contributed significantly to the development of the skill in the required position of handling for the player. Also, The researcher reached several recommendations, the most important of which was: using mechanical and other practical training methods to develop the player’s handling skill in the place where he is required to be.

The study aimed to prepare special exercises (coordination - visual - cognitive) in fencing. And to know their effect on motor coordination and visual-moving accuracy among female fencers. The researcher used the experimental method on the Baghdad Girl Club players in fencing, numbering (12) players, who represent the community (100%). The research sample was divided randomly into two groups, where the experimental group (6 players) trained using special exercises, while the control group (6) players trained using traditional exercises after the researcher conducted homogeneity and equivalence for the research sample. The researcher used the eye-leg-arm-arm coordination test and the visual-moving accuracy test. The researcher conducted a survey experiment to identify the errors and difficulties that the researcher might face in the main experiment. After conducting the pre-tests, the exercises were applied in the special physical part of the training unit for a period of (15 minutes) out of the training unit time of (90) minutes. The training program consists of (9) weeks divided into (3) intermediate courses with (3) training units per week. The training program is applied to both the experimental and control groups at the same time, so that the experimental group applies the special exercises while the control group applies the traditional exercises prepared by the trainer. After the end of the training program, the post-tests were conducted on the research sample members, and all temporal and spatial conditions were taken into account in the pre-tests. After processing the results statistically, the researcher concluded that the special exercises had a positive effect on the development of motor coordination and visual-moving accuracy among the players of the experimental group in fencing, in addition to the better development of the experimental group in the motor coordination test and visual-moving accuracy compared to the control group. Therefore, the researcher recommends the necessity of adopting special exercises in fencing training units for their benefit in developing motor coordination and visual-moving accuracy among female fencers.

The study aimed to know the extent to which some functional variables of the working muscles were affected by anaerobic exercises for tennis players. The researcher used the experimental method as a way to solve the research problem, as he used a sample of (7) players from the Iraqi national team in tennis, and he used several tools, means and devices, the most important of which was the use of the training method, which was implemented for a period of (8) weeks and at a rate of (5) training units per week, each unit lasting (120) minutes. He also conducted a survey experiment, then pre- and post-tests, and in light of that, he reached several conclusions, the most important of which were: Anaerobic exercises had a significant effect on the speed of the motor response of the research sample.

The functional and cellular systems are affected by the athletic effort, but any athletic effort is affected by it. Therefore, this study aimed to know the effect of special exercises on the non-oxygen capacity, glycogen, blood hemoglobin and some variables of immune proteins in 800-meter runners. The researcher used the experimental method as a way to solve the problem of his research and used a deliberate sample of (7) runners whose specifications are included in the text of the research and used several means and tools to complete the procedures of his main experiment. He also used a training method for eight weeks at a rate of six training units per week (the duration of the training unit is 25 minutes - 30 minutes). After implementing the training program, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: The special exercises affected the 800-meter runners at the level of muscles and liver. This is through the increase in the value of the non-oxygen glycogen capacity in the post-test compared to the pre-test. He also reached several recommendations, the most important of which was: the necessity of testing the player’s blood systems, cells and components in specialized sports for the effectiveness of 800.

The aim of the research is to identify the phenomenon of psychological anxiety and its impact on the level of performance of female volleyball players in the fourth stage at the College of Physical Education in executing the serve. The researcher used the experimental method due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The research sample included (15) players, which is the total number of female volleyball players in this stage. Three players were selected from outside the research sample community and from the third stage to conduct the exploratory experiment. The researcher concluded that there are significant differences in the post-tests of the experimental group in volleyball in executing the serve skill.

The research aims to identify the effect of focusing attention on the course of the accuracy of the serve execution in the Premier League teams in volleyball. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the research, as the research sample was used on (35) volleyball players in the Premier League whose ages ranged between (15-35) years. The exploratory experiment was conducted on (14) players from outside the sample. The researcher concluded that there is a very strong correlation in the focus of attention test for all teams participating in the Premier League.

The aim of the research was to construct and standardize the scale of attitude towards the profession to know its value among the sample members. The researchers used the descriptive method with a survey study because it is the best method to solve the problem. The researchers found (255) supervisors, both male and female, as a community for their research. They reached in their conclusions that the sample is distinguished within reasonable limits in the attitude towards the profession. The researchers recommended that the Ministry of Education give special importance to the subject of attitude towards the profession and facilitate the supervisors’ obtaining scholarships or loans to complete their postgraduate studies to achieve their professional growth.

The current research included the following objectives:
1. Preparing exercises using distances less or more than the race distance to develop the specific speed endurance and achieve the 100-meter run for juniors.
2. Identify the effect of these exercises using less or more distances than the race distance to develop the special speed endurance and achieve the 100-meter run for juniors 3. Identify the advantage of the distances used under study in developing the special speed endurance and achieving the 100-meter run for juniors The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research The number of individuals in the research sample was (12) runners from the research community of (20), i.e. 60%, and homogeneity was achieved between the sample, and the researchers adopted the experimental design with two experimental groups, and the training program was determined, which consists of 16 training units at a rate of two training units per week, and the pre-tests were implemented, and then the training program was implemented, and then the post-tests were conducted in the same way as the pre-tests were performed The researchers concluded the following: Using exercises less and more than the race distance works to develop the special speed endurance for running 100 meters as well as achieving it. Using exercises less than the race distance worked to improve the special speed endurance of 80 meters and 120 meters and achieving the 100-meter run

Research objective: Identifying the achievement time and the distance parts time and the number, lengths and frequency of steps and the ratios between them and determining a target time for the research sample, and preparing compound training in light of this time for distances specific to the race to identify the effect of these training in developing the lengths and frequency of steps and the ratios between them and achieving (400 (meters). The researchers assumed the existence of statistically significant differences between the cardiac and post-tests in the achievement time and the lengths and frequency of steps and variation in the ratios between the distance parts. As for the human field, it included a group of 400-meter racers and the time field: the period from 5/24/2014 to 14/8/2014. The spatial field: the track of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Baghdad. The researchers used the experimental method on a sample From (8) competitors, after presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, it was concluded that the completion time and the lengths of the steps between the two parts of the distance had developed, while there had been no development in the step frequency.

The research assumes that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in the effectiveness of a training program to develop the functional efficiency of the vestibular system on motor balance and accuracy of performing the skill of rolling the ball with the player's rotation in the game of goalball for the blind.
There is a percentage of development between the pre- and post-tests in the effectiveness of a training program to develop the functional efficiency of the vestibular system on motor balance and accuracy of performing the skill of rolling the ball with the player's rotation in the game of goalball for the blind.
The experimental approach was adopted by designing a single group with pre- and post-tests to suit the nature of the research problem. The research sample was chosen intentionally from blind players in the goalball game for the advanced blind under the umbrella of the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee / Salahuddin Branch for the year 2014 2015, and their number was (6) players representing the entire community of origin. The researcher reached the following conclusions: -
- The training program used achieved progress in the functional efficiency of the vestibular system for players in the goalball game for the blind when comparing its results between the pre- and post-tests, and that the implemented exercises worked to develop the motor balance of players in the goalball game for the blind when comparing its results between the pre- and post-tests, and the implemented exercises achieved progress in the accuracy of performing the skill of rolling the ball with the player's rotation in the goalball game for the blind when comparing its results between the pre- and post-tests

The research aims to prepare training according to the division of playing areas on some motor abilities and the accuracy of performing some basic skills in squash, and to know the effect of training according to the division of playing areas on some motor abilities of squash players. - Knowing the effect of training according to the division of playing areas on the accuracy of performing some basic skills of squash players, and the research assumed that there are significant differences between the pre- and post-tests on some motor abilities of squash players, and there are significant differences between the pre- and post-tests on the accuracy of performing some basic skills of squash players.
Research Methodology: The researcher used the experimental method with a single-group design to suit the research topic
Research sample: It included players of the national men's squash team (advanced), numbering (8) players. The study concluded that using exercises by dividing the playing areas had a positive effect in developing some of the research sample's motor abilities. And that exercises by dividing the playing areas had a positive effect in developing some of the basic skills in the game of squash. 3- The proposed exercises led to achieving their goals in developing skill performance since the exercises included special skill exercises inside the court