Journal of Kerbala University

The Multi-Objective Single Machine Scheduling (MOSMS) Problem is one of the most representative problems in the scheduling area. In this paper, we compare five multi-objective algorithms based on Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) heuristic. The algorithms are applied to solve the MOSMS problem. In this problem, we consider minimizing the total completion times and minimizing the sum of maximum earliness/tardiness. We introduce two intensification procedures to improve a Multi-Objective Variable Neighborhood Search (MOVNS) algorithms proposed in the literature. The performance of the algorithms is tested on a set of instances of the problem. The computational results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the original MOVNS algorithms in terms of efficiency solutions.

Our aim in this paper is to find the derivative of Al-Tememe transformation and to find Al-Tememe transformation by using derivative for new functions and to use it to solve some Linear Ordinary Differential Equation that have variable coefficients with or without initial conditions.

Information integrity is very important factor for multiple information resources. The main problem for data storage is the accuracy and consistency of the data that are stored for a long time. The data integrity is the opposite of data corruption, where the aim of data integrity is to prevent any accidental changes of these data. The main idea about this paper is to design and implement a system for information integrity to the universal ID for Iraqi people. The ID contain many suggested items such that its information is check directly with the main website, that issued that information, therefore each item is checked for a specific period that entered by user in order to check its validity with the source . The main idea about LOD (Linked Opened Data) is publishing the structured data in RDF (Resource Description Framework) in a form of subject, predicate, and object, therefore all the website that contain the updated information for the ID must be connected as LOD by using a center that we named UDC(Universal Database Center). In order to make the ID more accessible we suggest to use RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) where the information can be checked by multiple RFID readers. The most familiar hurdles with RFID is the security and privacy that we resolve it by using LOD.

In the present work , calculated mass attenuation coefficients ,atomic cross section and electron density for these tissue and bone were theoretically calculated using monte carlo program within a range of energies of x-rays (16.5-17.5-21.5-24.5)keV .The attenuation coefficient of substances ,at any energy of x-ray photon ,is known to depends on the electron density and effective atomic number of the material .which makes it very sensitive to the index "x" .Several different values laying between) 0.5 - 2.5( step 0.5 have been suggested for the exponent "x".The results were compared with XCOM program .These theoretical values are found to be in agreement with the calculated from XCOM value .

This experiment was carried out at animal field that belonging to College of Agriculture and Forestry/Mosul University in order to find out the best source of energy in fattening rations and to study their effects on some blood parameters and carcass sensory test of Awassi lambs. Fifteen local male lambs after weaning age were used in this experiment and were assigned randomly to three experimental groups.These experimental groups were fed add libitum on three rations containing barley, molasses and rice polishings as a source of energy for 105 day period .The results of this experiment showed that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) on red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin level (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total protein and high significantly differences (P≤0.01) on white blood cells count (WBC) and albumin among the three treatments. As about the carcass sensory evaluation the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) on tenderness and juiciness traits and also high significantly differences (P≤0.01) on texture, aroma and acceptability between experimental groups as compared to control group. Concluded of this study that the rice polishing diet was used in the third treatment was appeared significant improved on some blood parameters and meat quality when compared with other energy sources in the first and second treatments.

Density functional theory (DFT), using the B3LYP(Lee-Yang-Parr) with the 6-31Gbasis set was utilized to study the effect of different substitution sites on the molecular properties of the Coumarin , Umbelliferone and Coumarin 522 or (C14H12NO2F3)molecules. the optimization structure, electronic properties such as energy gap (Eg), electron affinity(EA) , symmetry , ionization potential(IP), dipole moment(µ), IR spectra, Raman spectrum and UV-VIS spectra. This properties are coumputed by using Gaussian09 program and Gaussian view 5.08 program using (DFT) method, except UV-VIS computed by using TD-DFT method.

The effect of spot welding parameters (Current and Applied Load) are studied in welding of galvanized steel specimens. Three values of current 9600, 11000 and 12300 AMP and load of 350, 400, 450 kg are used. The results indicate that the shear force improve with increasing the current and decreasing the load. The optimum shear force is achieved with current of 12300 AMP and load of 350 kg. Those parameters is used to weld steel (with and without galvanize layer) using the OFHC copper as interlayer with different thickness (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3mm). The results show that OFHC as interlayer reduce the shear force.

The purpose of this paper is to study the embeddability of the *- semigroup (S,.,*) into *- ring , and prove that embeddability referred to, is possible if the ring (Z[S],*) resulted from the semigroup S and the integer ring (Z,+,.) is proper involution.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is defined as the rapid cessation of renal excretory function within a time of hours or days, accompanied by a rise in serum urea and creatinine, and accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in a patient whose renal function was previously normal. It is usually, but not always, accompanied by a fall in urine output. This study included 40 patients of acute renal failure from both sexes. The biochemical investigations carried were the renal function tests including determination of urea, creatinine, uric acid, sodium and potassium in serum. The results of the present study shows that the levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid and potassium were significantly higher in patients of acute renal failure in comparison with control group, P value was less than 0.05, it also other parameter sodium was non-significantly decreased in patients when compared with control individuals

The present study was carried out on (40) female local rabbits the average weight (2.800± 250gm) the rabbits were divided into two equal groups. The first group was a control group contain 20 rabbits which oral administration with distilled water only for two weeks . The second group treated with Ethanolic extract of green tea contain 20 rabbits with dose 150mg/kgbw for two weeks. The study was aimed to determined the effect of ethanolic extract green tea(Camellia sinesis)on some blood parameters level of Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, High Density Lipoprotein, Very low Density Lipoprotein, the oral administration of green tea extract physiological and histological results the levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein recorded a significant decrase (p≤ 0.05)when compared with control group. The levels of Triglyceride, High Density Lipoprotein and Very low Density Lipoprotein did not record significant increments in comparison with control group. The results presented that the body weights showed significant decrements (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. The weights of livers of treated group enlisted a significant decrement(p< 0.05) while the weight of kidneys did not record any significant changes as compared with the control group.
The histopathological results showed presence of hepatic architecture which were obvious for hepatic cells around the central vein, dilation of hepatic sinusoids with proliferation of the endothelial cells which lining the sinusoids with vaculation of the hepatic cells and hyperplasia which were simple in the bilary ducts inside the hepatic tissue.The hepatic cells showed in some slides proliferation and had prominent and clear nuclei with cytoplasm and some hepatic cells presented had two nuclei; These changes were clear and positive when compared with the livers of the control group which appeared with normal tissue, whereas the hepatic cells arranged in radiated shape around the central vein.

As part of working on the normal histology of the placenta of goat, the present work was aimed to presents normal modification and fate of maternal stromal cells of the pregnant endometrium which were in a form of fibroblast like cells. Fifteen pregnant goat's uteri were collected representing early pregnancy (day 20), mid pregnancy (days 66 and 85), and late pregnancy (days 100 and 125). Sample for light microscopy were fixed in Karnovsky's fluid and embedded in resin; semithin sections were stained with 1% toluidine blue.
Few days after implantation at day 20 there was no pronounced modification in the maternal endometrial stromal cells. The actual changes happened after the penetration of the fetal chorionic villi deep into endometrium which was represented by caruncles. The climax of modification was seen in the present work at day 66 of pregnancy. The maternal stromal cells cytoplasm increased in size, their nuclei have euochromatin suggesting synthetic ability for them. Most of the cells were disposed between the maternal blood vessels and the synepitheliochorial layer. After the elapse of second half of pregnancy the maternal stromal cells vanished from the scene of the placentome, allowing too much needed reduction in the space for rapid feto-maternal exchange of material across the blood circulation of the two sides.

radon concentrations and annual effective dose were measured in some dwellings of Aun region in Kerbala governorate, Iraq. Radon concentrations were determined using time-integrated passive radon dosimeters open and closed containing (CR-39) solid state nuclear track detectors. Measurements were carried out during the months (January and February of 2015). Twenty open and twenty closed dosimeters were distributed in twenty dwelling of the study area. After two months of exposure the detectors were etched in a (NaOH) solution of normality (6.25 N) at a temperature of 70o C for eight hours. The tracks were counted using an optical microscope having a magnification of 400X.
In closed dosimeters, the results show that, the radon concentrations varied from (20.508 ±0.603Bq/m3) to (137.149±4.033 Bq/m3) with an average value (63.767±1.875 Bq/m3), while the values of the indoor annual effective dose vary from (0.016±0.004 mSv/y) to (0.266±0.078 mSv/y) with an average value (0.115±0.033 mSv/y). In open dosimeters, the results show that, the radon concentrations varied from (21.790 ±0.640 Bq/m3) to (152.530±4.486 Bq/m3) with an average value (75.047±2.207 Bq/m3), while the values of the indoor annual effective dose vary from (0.017±0.005 mSv/y) to (0.357±0.105 mSv/y) with an average value (0.145 ±0.042 mSv/y). These values, which are less than the lower limit of the recommended range (200-300 Bq/m3) (ICRP, 2009) and (3-10 mSv/y) (ICRP, 1993) for indoor radon concentrations and indoor annual effective dose, respectively. The values of equilibrium factor vary from (0.010±0.002) to (0.567±0.166) with an average value (0.088±0.025) which is less than the lower limit of the recommended range (0.4-1) (ICRP, 1993). The radon concentrations and annual effective dose were found to be lower than the higher level recommended by ICRP(200-300)Bq/m3 and (3-10) mSv/y, respectively. These levels were found to be consistent with those measured by other workers in other countries and these values are within safe limits.

Background: The bone density of hard palate is key factor for success of palatal mini-implant. Smoking is an important determinant of osteoporosis.
Materials and method: Sixty males were selected with age range 20-39 years and divided into two groups according to smoking; smokers group (30), and nonsmokers (control) group (30). The measurements of hard palate bone density by HU (unit used to measure radiodensity of bone on CT scan) were made at 20 sites at the intersection of five anterioposterior and four mediolateral reference lines using Philips, Brilliancetm, 64-multislice computed tomography scanner software.
Results: The results that were obtained showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in bone density at most areas of hard palate. The comparison between the two groups in the overall cortical bone density showed a highly statistically significant difference. The comparison between the two groups in the overall cancellous bone density showed a statistically significant difference.
Conclusion: Hard palate bone density decreased by smoking. In spite that, orthodontic mini-implants can be safely used for smoker persons in hard palate.
Keywords: Hard Palate, bone density, smoking, orthodontic mini-implant, computerized tomography.

The tendency for learning English leads to make any foreign learner eager to learn all the components that have an effect on his/her comprehension of that widely used language. Cultural background is one of those components which has to great extent an active role in achieving a better communication. The study aims at Finding out the effect of teaching culture on EFL college students' achievement in reading comprehension as well as Developing EFL college students' skills in Reading Comprehension. A sample of 104 students ( each group consists of 52) has been chosen from dept. of English/ College of education/ Karbalaa University. In order to achieve the aim of the study, the researchers have utilized "The Pre- test Post-test Control Group Design". An instruction for the experimental group using five reading comprehension test lasted for six weeks and it took place between the pre and post test. Whereas the control groups taught the same texts but in the traditional way. Results reveal a significant difference in the mean scores of the two groups on the benefit of the experimental one. Results also reveal a significant difference in the mean scores of the experimental group in the pre and post test. In the light of results, a number of conclusions are drawn.

Flood forecasting is linked to a prior knowledge of future probable precipitation amounts. Hydrological models are a way that can enable transforming observed precipitations into stream flow. In this work a GIS based hydrologic model, SWAT is used in an Upper Zab River basin at Eske Click for flood forecasting. The importance of this work comes due to Upper Zab River is an uncontrolled river (has no dam yet); therefore it is discharged impacts of Tigris river discharges due to it is supplying about 33% from all over discharges also; impacts of amounts of sediment load comes on it. The catchment area for this watershed has an approximate drainage area of 19350.17 km2, which is divided into 9 sub basins. Results showed that the annual mean flow discharge for the period 1976 to 2006 was 392.32 m3/s which agreed with the model result which is shows that the average annual basin simulation values was 390.2 m3/s for the same period. While result simulation for the period 2015 to 2075 gave 333.70 m3/s which mean there is a reduction in mean flow discharge between two periods about 15%. Moreover, annual average basin simulation precipitation amount reduced from 1057 to 1038 mm which mean decrease about 2% between same periods .Also climate change impact was so clear in simulation results as one of climate parameters which is evapotranspration (ET) was increased from 378.3 mm to 450.2 mm which mean there is an increase about 19% between two periods simulations due to temperature increased

Proposed work aim to build a proposed Gain Association Rules -Based Network Intrusion Detection System (GARNIDS). GARNIDS trend to enhance traditional NIDS through using three of data mining algorithms; these are: Gain which is measure the entropy for each feature to detect it is Domination Degree (DD) for each attack, then feeding these features with their DD to a proposed Gain Association Rule (GAR) algorithm that to rank the features according to two parameters (frequency and DD). Finally customize K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) as misuse classifier (detect the intrusions and specify their types) the proposal assume the k equal to 3.
Many experimental works are conducted to evaluate the proposal over the KDD'99 dataset and show the efficiency of KNN through registering 86% of accuracy with all features, 90% of accuracy with 25 top features and the accuracy was 98% with 8 top features. Also the Detection Rate (DR) and False Alarm Rates (FAR) are both measured with those three cases and still KNN with the top 8 features is the higher in DR and lower in FAR. Finally when try the proposal in real-time with tcpdump the third case register higher accuracy (93%).

In this paper, we define the concept of a Q-Smarandache implicative ideal with respect to an element of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra. We state and prove some theorems which determine the relationships among this notion and other types of ideals of a Q-Smarandache BH-algebra.

This study designed to investigate the effects of Iraqi animal oils on aortal tissue as well as biochemical changes of lipid profiles of mice, which feeds, by these oils for six months, the result showed:
There were different degrees of significant increase (p<0.05), (p<0.005), (p<0.0005)in TC,TG,LDL,VLDL , and AI, but there was high significant decrease(p<0.0005) in HDL in mice fed on Iraqi animal oils for six months if compared with control group,
The histological sections of aorta were revealed presence of severe histopathological changes, which represented by increase the thickness (89.7±21.3µm) of atherosclerotic plaque in intima which formed by accumulation of lipid droplets (cholesterol, oxidized-LDL), as well as increase the thickness and fibrosis of medial layer. The most severe changes were in aorta, showing significant atherosclerosis and marked luminal narrowing which appeared as semi blocked of blood stream of the aorta of some animals as well as fibrosis and thickness of some areas in some very severe cases.

RHF calculations, within Gaussian03 Program, have been carried out after complete optimization of geometry on X and Y disubstituted of (1H1,2,3,-triazole-4-Yl) ethoxy) methy)-1H-1,2,3-triazole) , where X is H , COOH , COCH3 , and 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl. Y is C7H15. It was found that the compound R-sugar the more Stability than other compounds and all of them increasing dipole moment and hardness and decreasing in HOMO and LUMO energies. Geometrical parameters ,total energy ,electron charge ,Ionization energies , and the E0,H0,G0,A0,CP,CV and S0 thermodynamics functions are reported.

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasites of man; Toxoplasmosis may causes severe symptoms in the congenitally acquired form with severe complications such as miscarriage, fetal developmental retardation, intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus, encephalitis, neurological, mental illnesses and visual disorder.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted to estimate role of Toxoplasmosis in occurrence of abortion among pregnant women in Najaf province. The present study was carried out on 228 aborted women, and 127non-aborted (pregnant women at 20th week gestation and had more than one successful birth as a control). All of these cases were limited to females only in the reproductive age (15-50 years). Toxo-IgM and Toxo-IgG antibodies were detected with Enzyme-Linked Immunoadsorbent Assay (ELISA) (Human/ Germany) in both groups.
Results: It was found that IgG positive cases were 112 (31.5%), IgM positive cases were 27 (7.6%) and both IgM and IgG positive cases were 9 women (2.5%). The present study showed that toxoplasmosis positive women were about 4.8 folds more likely to have abortion (OR= 4.8, P=0.0001).

Due to The increase of using the international network, the multimedia data security becomes the most significant factor to protect data. Encryption algorithms are covers some of data security requirement like confidentiality, prevent eavesdropping of data and integrity but the others requirements like copyright protection and data authentication which can be satisfy by sharing with another security technique which is called digital watermarking. So in this paper, digital watermarking and image encryption algorithm based on chaotic map are merging in one system to satisfy these objectives. The experimental results show The proposed scheme has a high security and, the correlation coefficients approach to zero(0.008) and high speed(0.5)second with good quality of extracted image after decrypted image(37dB).

Back ground :Trismus is pathological condition of muscle of mastication ; masseter , temporalis and medial and lateral pterygoid muscles that may affect patients who have undergone dental procedures ,radiotherapy , surgery and may be manifestation of psychiatric illness .trismus may affect oral hygiene , various dental procedures speaking , swallowing and may predispose for malnutrition. The aim of current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of forceful mouth opening under LA with sedation that accompanied by physiotherapy for patient suffering from severe trismus.
Patients and methods: Eight patients “. 6 women and 2 men “ were included in the study who meet the inclusion criteria. All patients presented with limited mouth opening with the maximal interincisal distance (MID) of less than 35mm which is used as a cutoff point to determine trismus . Forceful mouth opening with screw type mouth gag in the clinic under local anesthesia and sedation with subsequent regular exercise at definite protocol that practice at home .
Results : Patients attend the clinic with trismus that range between 5-16 mm. Frequent follow up of the patient for about 10 weeks demonstrate improvement of MID that range 24-37mm with the mean of “30.875”
Conclusion: Forceful mouth opening under LA with sedation for patients suffering from severe trismus ,in conjunction with physical therapy. Is safe and effective in increasing MID

The present work seeks to examine the histopathological changes in kidney, lung and Liver tissue of mice which exposed to lead acetate. Sixteen healthy mouse were divided into four groups each group of four animals and the first group was kept as un-medicated control while, the second, third and fourth groups were given Lead acetate at a dose of 18 mg/kg for one, two and three weeks respectively Lead acetate was given by oral route. In the experiment's end, the exposed mice with LA were sacrificed and the main target tissues such as kidney, lung and liver were collected for histopathological study. The results of this study proved that kidney lesions shows congestion, degeneration and mild chronic inflammation compared with control group. The lung histopathological alternates shows moderate congestion, mild mixed inflammation and hemosidren deposition. As well as the changes in liver showing lobular disarrangement, congestion, moderate portal and lobular hepatitis was also observed. the present study proved that heavy metal containing lead have toxicological effects on the target organs

This research dedicate to study the politics of Whig party (Liberals) inside Britain until 1832, achievements and political events during these period such as the throne, Anglican church and forming of government.
In addition to the role of party in parliament and how was effected to issue and approval a many of important laws which was influential in the political and partisan scene in Britain.

This research deals with the subject of (an image of death in the hair Mamluk elements (sensory elements model)), and the longer this study cycle of seminars in the poetry of the Mamluk era, what Arab literature is still in the era of the Mamluks complain about the scarcity of studies and the lack of research and studies that have been issued only a brief profiles or transient reviews true picture of Arab literature has not given in this day and age.
Returning to the subject of research, death is a human phenomenon found with life itself but the attitude it takes a variety of forms depending on many factors, environmental and psychological. Perhaps the monopoly of poets mostly filmed this phenomenon but it includes inwardly aware of this conclusion, which pursued.
This research is not who wants to proceed in many different studies that have only dealt with the concept of death; as defined in the study dealt with the elements of the image of death in the hair Mamluk, by standing at the sensory elements of death, and what they coherent tapestry of words and speaking. The research on my mulch, and five axes, namely:

1. loss. 2.fiqr. 3.alcypr. 4. graying. 5. ruin.

The study aims to identify the concept of empowerment and to clarify the dimensions involved (sharing of information, freedom and independence, replace the organizational structure of teams own work) and their impact on the effectiveness of job performance and dimensions are included (the tasks performance, the contextual performance, organizational citizenship behavior, the behavior of deviant work) in the service sector , the study has sought to achieve a set of objectives, including: determining the level of awareness of the organization's strategy for empowerment and outstanding performance and dimensions. And through the survey sample the views of deliberate included senior administrative leaders, central and operational in the Directorate General of education holy city of Karbala numbered (77) individual and adopted the study approach based research and meta-analysis, and the use of the computer program ((SPSS 18 for to extract the results, and the results may Statistical Analysis created was associated with significantly among most-dimensional relationship in the organization, and recommended search for greater awareness of the importance of empowerment strategy.

Talking about the characteristics and features of his personality has its impact deep affect in the Muslims' hearts and non-Muslims, whether Arabs or non-Arabs) as well. The Prophet Muhammad's (Peace be upon him and his household) personality looks like the open book from which the whole world cites the sense of greatness and excellence. Islam endows humanity with the Prophet and the Holy Quran that are representative examples of comprehensiveness and purification.
Even though, some try to distort the Prophet's personality, the brightness of his unique character is visible and there is no matter about the hostility against his incredible nobility.
The present study deals with great effect of the Prophet's personality for non-Arab Muslims and the West creators in the filed of literature and poetry by mentioning the most important dimensions that are embodied his personality.
Thus, the research is divided in to two sections which are preceded by the entrance where there is a simple idea about the development of the prophetic praise.
Section One discusses the features of the Prophet Muhammad's (Peace be upon him and his household) personality for non-Muslim Arab poets which have been reflected in the human, moral, national and ideological dimensions. And the most important writers who have been dealt with are: Maroun Abboud , Khalil Mutran and George Sidah and others.
Section Two is devoted to the features of the Prophet Muhammad's (Peace be upon him and his household) personality for the Western writers and this is remarked the human, moral and ideological dimensions. And the most important writers of this particular section are Goethe, Tolstoy , Pushkin and others

Twat province astudy in its generd conditions unhil the tweleveth century of hejerah
The study of cihes and provinces is consideved as one of the studies that gaiued sa viuch importance for it pays too much iutention in the political ecouomic and scient ific sices at history and in the veationships among the other towns and countries.
This vesearch ,named as ((twat proviuce. A study in its general conclitious until the twelevth century hejerah)), contaiued ab introduction and four topics.
The first topic studied the location of twat province ,the second topic shed lightson the politicai conditions at this province, the third theme reveds the rapture at the economic sircumstances of twat, while the fourth one searghed the sicen tific and thin kink conditions and the prominent scolors af that territory .

Water is a major source and Important sustainable wealth of human activity on the different types, starting from daily population use, passing through the agricultural and industrial activity, and in the end of production of hydroelectric power, and the water is one of the causes of political hostility between the riparian states on a single river or over the water.
Turkey shares with Iraq and Syria basins of the Tigris and Euphrates, Turkey believes that the control of the rivers' water sources gives it power through which you can barter Arabs water with oil, as water is used as a pressure on Iraq and Syria whenever its interests wants, and with the increasing need for water, problems have emerged between the neighboring countries benefiting from the Tigris and Euphrates water, especially on the Euphrates River.
This problem was not an important place in relations Iraqi-Turkish - Syrian until the sixties of the twentieth century, but it occupied issued the priorities of the development strategy in the policies of these countries, starting with the holding of the seventies, and the problem began when both Syria and Turkey took to establish projects on the Euphrates River, to take advantage of its water for agriculture and power generation.
It can say that water variable is the most important obstacles that limit the development of spatial relations between Iraq and Turkey on one side and Iraq and Syria on the other side.

We can summarize the history of democratic thought in Europe until the nineteenth century and the one with the words "march victorious democracy" as no country in the world of European culture has withstood the spread of democratic ideas and institutions even where there were social forces to defend itself, as we have seen with the old empires, and the rule of minorities , and feudalism, and intellectual force tried to defeat the democratic beliefs could overcome the narrow circle of loyalists, and the work of the intellectual climate on equality between progress and democratization and to make anti-democratic resistance in defense of empty and the protection of things obsolete historically, and a struggle between the old and new for each stage of your policy Thought and state perceptions is evident specific words, and even be that there are many patterns of misunderstanding quite reasonable in relation to the popular sectors and wide, and it was this kind of clarity and significance certainly in the Democratic row during several centuries, especially in the beginning, and here lies the philosophy of our search and spotted the history of the democratic idea even The purification of the national revolutions in Europe, with the mid-nineteenth century.

The fourth century AH and what you see of the most fertile read poetry, it was poetry in that period, the height of his brilliance and became poets Andalus competing poets Baghdad, Cairo and Damascus.
The son of the most prominent poets rider Alandlsin ARD who have distinguished themselves in addition to the eastern pure style and meaning and way of presentation of the poem and rebuilt.
The purpose of praise main theme in his poetry, as a result Mlazemth rulers and princes State Ameria in Andalusia, and ladle in their praise even Thaalbi title (d. 429 AH) parenchymal Andalus.
The ancient scholars and narrators praised the son of rider and hath Mdaúha, and opposition Ravmae poets told Abu Tammam and Mutanabi, and sees scholars narrators that praises son bicyclist in record chronicled the history of Ameria State, and that the culture of son cyclist and his imagination reflects For the poet on his predecessors experiences even shred in Mdaúha .

Front Shiite scholars intevested in the science of jurisprudence, maznan and made efforts and cared for careful attention to studying this science and the construction rules and drawing curriculum, Among the things that is cared by the classification of Investigation Science and pokedtab, fbgesoa for setting the standard and the basis should be classified kan Investigation of this Sciece on the one hand, order some Scienee questions to others in search of second hand.
The research and vkkd this topic in paring the two demands: boot indetermining the vocabulary in the title and the first reguiremet in the classification of investigation science and classified in general the second reguirement in the order of science of some guestions of science to others in the research and investigation on the basis of interdependence between them and taking in to account the progress raklet and then finishes with a conclusion that we are exposed to themost important results and then indexed sources and references.

This study aims to :
1- Identify the adverb of time in Arabic and English.
2- Show the importance of the adverb of time in both languages.
3- Explain the deletion, advancement and delay of the adverb of time with its verb and its subject in Arabic and English.
4- Show the similarities and the differences in the adverb of time between the two languages.
5- Prove that the similarities between the two languages in the adverb of time are more than the differences.