Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

Prepare static and changing exercises in learning some basic volleyball skills.. 1
2.Identify the effect of the learning circle accompanied by static training on learning some basic skills of volleyball between tests.
3. Identify the effect of the learning circle accompanied by changing exercise on learning some basic skills of volleyball.
The research community consists of new learners in the volleyball school of Aphrodite Sports Club, whose number is (25) female learners who were seclected intentionally. As for the research sample, it was randomly selected and consisted of (16) female learners who represent (64%) of the original community and were divided into two experimental groups. As for the experimental design, the researcher used the experimental design, which is called the design of the two experimental groups with equal testing. Moreover, the researcher used the proposed educational program after presenting it to the experts and specialists in the field of teaching methods, kinetic learning and volleyball and got an agreement rate (93.75%), where the trainer applied the educational program for the two experimental groups. The program lasted (6) weeks, and the time for the educational unit was (90) minutes. Eighteen educational units were implemented to learn three basic skills in volleyball for both experimental groups, according to the prescribed time period and from 28/2/2019 to 12/4/2019, and with an average of three educational units per week, the two experimental groups are similar in the preparatory section and the section and the he final and the two differ in the main section, where the first experimental group exercises the cycle of learning accompanied by static training and the second experimental group in the same manner but with changing training in learning the three basic skills.

The aim of this research is to identify the impact of exercises in the style of competition on some hormones , like (TSH, T4, T3) and the variables in the immune system in the blood(i.e. the total number of white blood cells, neural cells, acid cells, basal cells, lymphocytes and single- core cells) for the flying feather category of players who are under 17 years.
The researchers use the curriculum demo on a sample which consists of (6) players who represent the National Iraqi team of flying feather for the category of players under 17 years. In addition, they use the means and the tools for gathering information as: scientific sources syringes, pipes, a box for drawing, collecting and saving blood, electroscope to analyze the hormones. The researchers reach to numbers of conclusions and they are as follows. First, there is a negative impact of the effort exercises in the style of competition on some variables in the immune system in the blood(i.e. the total number of the white blood cells, neural cells, acid cells, basal cells, lymphocytes and single- core cells) of the badminton players. Furthermore, there is a positive impact of the exercises in the style of competition, on some blood hormones (T3, T4, TSH) for the badminton category of players under 17 years.
The recommendations are: adopting the results of the research and make use of them in recognizing the variables in the immune system that take place before and after the exercises in the style of competition, as well as, adopting the results of the research and make use of them in knowing the functional indicators (hormones) before and after the exercises in the style of competition.

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of using the numbered heads strategy on improving motor satisfaction and learning some defensive skills in volleyball among fourth literary students as well as identifying which is better (numbered heads strategy or the followed approach) in the research variables under study. The researcher used the experimental approach due to its suitability for the research nature . The research sample was represented by the fourth literary students in the preparatory Inna school for boys in the district of (Inaa), and the number (30) students were divided into two groups and by (15) students for each group, and pre- tests were conducted in the motor satisfaction scale and the skills of receiving service and defending in volleyball, then the experimental group applied its independent variable (numbered heads strategy), then the control group applied (the approach used) . The researcher took into account the gradual giving of exercises during the teaching session from easiness to difficulty . The results were statistically processed through SPSS. The researcher concluded that the numbered heads strategy has a positive effect on improving motor satisfaction and learning some defensive volleyball skills among Fourth literary class, The researcher recommended using this strategy in other skills and events and paying attention to defensive skills because of its great impact in achieving the highest results and reaching the best
levels.

The teacher constantly searches for more effective and newer learning methods than its predecessors, and to improve his teaching skills. Learning is an ongoing activity that includes the transfer of skills and good concepts that the teacher can increase his sensitivity to the challenges faced by learners, The research significance lies in looking at the broad horizon of learning methods and choosing what is appropriate to teach motor and static skills on the one hand, and what is appropriate for manual assistance training on the other hand. The research problem was that the lack of practical training in providing manual assistance among students of the Faculty of Physical Education, which leads to a low level of teaching skills on the one hand, and on the other hand, research on the suitability of each method for the type of sport in general and specialization in the skills of that sport according to their types. In Gymnastics there are rapid motor skills and others with less speed and there are stability skills which depend on strength and others
depend on weight . The research aims to
1.Identify the best between the (commanding ) and (interchangeable) methods in teaching motor skills and stability. . Identify the best way to develop manual assistance

The foot is the main pillar of all cases, starting from standing and walking to various other activities, and the defect that affects this organ is affecting all other activities and the main anchored foot arch that has the functions of balance, control and distribution of stresses resulting from carrying heavy weight and others. The deformation in the medial foot arch has many effects, including the ankle joint and others. The main research problem is to investigate the amount of arc height that has direct and significant effects on various parts of the body, and the aim of conducting the research is to identify the pressure projected from the body mass on the soles of the foot with the effect of the medial arch height of the foot.
Through the results of the research, the researcher concluded different degrees of foot arch height w, which showed its direct impact by the force of pressure applied to the mass of the body, which was reflected on the amount of the actual effect of the force on the body mass

The research aims to
1.Prepare special exercises to develop the strength marked by the speed of the two feet, agility and the movement of the feet in defense of the young football players .
2.Identify the effectiveness of special exercises in the strength marked by the speed of the two feet, agility and the movement of the feet in defense for the young players in football.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed the following hypothesis, which is the existence of statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and posttests of the experimental group in the strength marked by the speed of the two feet, agility and the movement of the feet in defense of the young players in football.
The research procedures included achieving homogeneity in the strength test for the speed of the two feet, agility and the movement of the feet in defense for the players identified by the researcher, and a training curriculum was designed and applied to the experimental group of young athletes of Alshurtaa(Police) Sports Club ,totaling (20) players. The researcher used the experimental approach because it fits to achieve the research objectives and also conducting several pilot studies to overcome problems and difficulties in performing special exercises as well as identifying the appropriate stresses and repetitions and appropriate times of rest for these exercises, which are appropriate to the research sampl.Then, pre-tests were conducted for the variables (under research), then the experimental group implemented the training curriculum prepared by the researcher. The implementation of the training curriculum took (8) weeks during two intermediate courses, at the rate of (4) micro-courses for one session, and (2) training units for one micro-course, and with a ripple (1: 3) and the researcher conducted the post-tests in the research variables with the same procedures and steps that were followed in pre- tests , and data were Statistical processed by the program (SPSS)

The research aims to identify the predictive value of dermatology in terms of the educational level and health behavior of the athlete of Babel Governorate. The researcher hypothesized the possibility of predicting skin diseases in terms of the educational level and health behavior of the athlete of Babel governorate. To achieve the research objectives , the researcher used several tools to collect data such as questionnaire , medical examination and means of data processing . The researcher obtained the following results :
There are a limited number of common skin diseases among athletes that can be classified into three disease groups: mechanical injuries, inflammatory diseases, and exacerbation of some skin diseases due to sports exercise. - Inflammatory diseases were the most common group of skin diseases
-Mechanical injuries are more prevalent in games where weights and devices are used, while inflammatory diseases are common in games with direct contact with players.
-The increase in the occurrence of mechanical injuries with age and the decrease in inflammatory diseases with the increase in the cultural level.

Many of the duelists feel a state of monotony and boredom in the implementation of the training units, and it is likely that most of them became aware of the protein training experience as a result of exposure to an influential sequence at a single pace, which makes them aware of the size of the training rhythm and to avoid the obstacle of this rhythm by replacing the training stimuli. In order to put the duelists in front of renewed challenges and motivating them by unusual stimuli by including training units of exercises of water muscle workout rhythm as a training method, which did not receive enough attention for those involved in the sport of fencing and are unaware of its returns, so the research questions began in . The research aims to identify the effect Exercises of aquatic muscle workout rhythm and their effects on sensory Afferent and Efferent nerves and the muscular ability of the lower limbs among advanced duelists. The researcher used the experimental method and determined the research community by Alnafid (oil) club players in Misan of fencing and the three weapons. Moreover , the researcher adopted some measures to achieve the research objectives . The study came out with the following conclusions. The aquatic muscle workout exercises method achieved improving indicators of nerve signal speed of the afferent and efferent nerves. The aquatic muscle exercises influenced the development of the muscular ability effectively on the sample individuals .

1.Prepare a proposed educational curriculum using the training method on learning some basic football skills among intermediate school students.
. 2.Identify the effect of the training method on learning some basic football skills among intermediate school students.
The researcher used the experimental approach due to its suitability for research nature , and the research community was selected in an intentional way that represents Omar bin Jandab Al-Ghaffari Intermediate School for Boys, one of the schools of the Salahuddin Education Directorate for the academic year (2011-2012) due to its proximity and the availability of research procedures requirements, where the research community included students of the first grade of the intermediate Omar Bin Jandab Al-Ghaffari, who are (172) students

-Detect the effect of a proposed circular training program on developing some offensive handball skills among students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science. The researchers used the experimental method for it suits the research nature .The the research community consisted of the fourth stage students of the academic season (2018-2019) of (129) students. The research sample was selected from the original community of (14) students, and they were divided into two experimental and control groups, Each of them consisted of (7) students. The researchers used the statistical program (SPSS) to obtain the following results.
-The diversity of exercises and training for the experimental group led to show results with a positive effect in improving the variables under study . The experimental group outperformed the control group in the offensive skill variables under study

The research aims to identify the trend of employees of the Iraqi ministries towards the implementation of the Sports for All project in the departments and institutions of the country and to identify the obstacles that limit this participation, whether for males or females. The researchers used descriptive approach of the survey method to collect the data of their study . The data collection tool was applied to a sample of (4062) male and female employees from the various departments and institutions of the country except the ministries and security institutions, where the sample was randomly chosen. The results showed that there are disparities in the numbers of consenters to implement the sport for all program in the departments and institutions of the country compared to rejecters , and the answer was yes to some ministries other than other ministries according to their specificity and field of work and the possibility of applying the program . The researchers recommended to legislate a law to allocate (30) minutes at the beginning of official working hours in the departments and institutions of the country to perform physical exercise. The researchers also recommended the need stressing on sports awareness, especially towards the implementation of sports for all program , which is one of the reasons for the development of production of the employee .

The research aimed to build a measure of risk behavior among players of martial arts in Nineveh Governorate , identify the degree of risk behavior among players of martial arts in Nineveh Governorate, and to identify the differences between the activities of martial arts in risk behavior
The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey and relational method. The research community included Nineveh Governorate players of martial arts for the activities (karate, judo, taekwondo, kickboxing) .The number of players (139) . The research community was divided into two building sample sections of (96) players from the research community, which was randomly selected (by lot) and represented (69,06%) of the research community. As for the second section, it represents the remaining martial arts players who were not selected by lot and (43) players represent a percentage of (30, 93%) of the total research community as an application sample. The research tool included a measure of risk behavior among martial arts players prepared by the researcher by adopting scientific steps and procedures in building standards, including experts validity and statistical analysis of the items in methods (the two extreme groups and internal consistency).The stability scale was checked using the method (mid-segmentation and Cronbach's alpha coefficient).The researcher used the following statistical methods: mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, test (t) for one sample, and test (t) for two independent samples, Spearman-Brown equation, scale mean hypothesis, and percentage

The research aims to identify the values of some biochemical variables for the first and last straight lines, which are free (400m) running among advanced male runners and identify the comparison of the values of some biochemical variables between the first and last straight lines for free (400 m) running among advanced male runners. The researchers hypothesized that there were significant differences in some biochemical variables between the first and last straight of the (400 m) among advanced male runners. The research sample consisted of 400m freestyle male runners from the Iraq national team. Some pilot studies were used in the field of the final experiment using a fast camera and the same machines were used in the final experiment in order to obtain some biochemical variables in the first and last straight, including averages (length - time - speed - frequency of steps) and average total horizontal speed during running in the first and last straight, as four video cameras were used, as the cameras were placed against the first and last straight in the middle of the football field. The statistical package SPSS was used to extract the research results.

The leader is one of the most important pillars of the administrative process due to having the ability to influence the workers and direct their behavior in order to achieve the goals that the institution seeks. The leader is also responsible for organizing the interaction process between employees and maintaining their cohesion and taking the initiative to solve the problems resulting from this interaction. The educational leader must possess good transformational leadership that enables to carry out tasks him/her
Organizational loyalty is considered to be the employee’s reaction to the characteristics of the organization to which he belongs, as it means the employee’s sense of his association with the goals and values of the organization and the role he plays to achieve these goals and commitment to job values for the organization and not for his own interest as it is the employee’s interaction with his organization through Goals and values
The research significance lies in detecting the relationship between the transformational leadership of racquet games union members in Iraq and the extent of their relationship to organizational loyalty in order to achieve progress and advancement in the administrative process and provide the best
The research aims to:
1. Identify the level of transformational leadership and organizational loyalty of racquet games union members in Iraq.
2.Identify the relationship of transformational leadership and organizational loyalty of racquet games union members in Iraq.

The research aimed to prepare a preventive program using various methods among those who run the triple 5000 m and to identify the effect of the preventive program on improving the performance endurance of 5000 m trio runners. The researcher hypothesized that there are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test on improving the performance endurance of the 5000 m -runners. The researcher used the experimental method of group method due to its suitability of the research nature . The research community consisted of the trio runners of the year (2018-2019) , totaling (10) runners. The research sample was selected in an intentional way from the original community by (7) runners, and the duration of the preventive program took a full month at the rate of seven units per week, as the total of the preventive program units was (28) units. After the completion of the program, posttests were conducted, and appropriate statistical treatments were used to obtain the results, and then the results were presented, analyzed and discussed. The researcher concluded that the preventive program has a positive effect using various means to improve the performance endurance among those who run 5000 m. The researcher recommended to emphasize the need to pay attention to the preventive aspect and include it in the training program because of its it is not less important than training as it is regarded as a complement for training and helps improving the work of the internal organs,which results in improving achievement .

The research aims to classify the variables into homogeneous groups using cluster analysis.
The classification process is necessary so that we can use it as a basis for distributing individuals and samples to homogeneous groups, taking into consideration that these groups converge in certain aspects, except in the case of using them for individuals, and when using the variables we can put the variables into homogeneous groups that have common properties.
Here, the research significance emerges since analyzing the elements into clusters is concerned with classifying the variables into unknown categories , which is more difficult for us to do this classification when the variables are known categories , as in the discriminatory analysis. The research significance lies in the classification on the basis of skill and physical variables in order to reach groups of common properties that facilitate the training process.
Through the researchers ’observation of the training units used by the coaches , they concluded that the training process is done in a random and uncoordinated manner and does not depend on a correct scientific formula so that the process of obtaining the results is based on sound and correct scientific foundations. Moreover, It is preferable that training programs be directed to form homogeneous groups for each group according to their capabilities and needs the training in order to perform their role efficiently , effectively and successfully, and to benefit from the largest possible number of the sample for the sake of developing them and improve their performance., which will lead to the success of this process and the achievement of its desired outcome.

1. Identify the differences in the methods of attention of Sulaymaniyah and Darbandikhan Sports Club players of
Basketball and the average score for the scale.
2.Identify the differences between the methods of attention of Sulaymaniyah and Darbandikhan Sports Club players of basketball.
3.Identify the assessment of attention methods level among Sulaymaniyah and Darbandikhan Sports Club players in basketball .
The researchers used the descriptive method and the research sample consisted of twenty players distributed equally on the Sulaimaniyah and Darbandikhan clubs. The scale of attention methods (Nidver) was used , translated by Muhammad Hassan Allawi. The data were statistically processed using weighted mean, mean , standard deviation ,arithmetic percentile, theoretical average , tests for one sample and tests for two independent sample of equal numbers .

The research significance is summarized in the fact that organizational justice here is the justice that achieves the rights of individuals and makes them feel equal without discrimination and injustice, and it is the embodiment of the values of justice that people seek in the workplaces and state institutions in general and the educational sector represented by schools in particular. The research significance is highlighted here due to the importance of organizational justice that it is one of the administrative issues as one of the concepts of modern organizational behavior. The research problem lies in the lack of studies that dealt with organizational justice in the sports field, so the researcher found that highlighting organizinational justice and its importance and identifying its dimensions with school administrations and identifying the extent of their level with them as it became an imperative necessity that cannot be neglected because of its impact on ensuring the success and continuity of the school. The research aims to: 1.Construct and codify the measure of organizational justice of school administrations from the point of view of male and female teachers of physical education in Nasiriyah District Center and finding standard levels of the scale and applying it to the research sample .The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method. The research sample consisted of (160) male and female teachers of physical education in Nasiriyah District Center. The researcher designed a questionnaire consisting of (60) items, and then conducted statistical treatments through the statistical program (SPSS), and then results are presented , analyzed and discussed . The researcher concluded that constructing a measure of organizational justice of school administrations from the point of view of male and female teachers of physical education in Nasiriyah District Center. The researcher recommended adopting a measure of organizational justice in other educational institutions, and dealing fairly by school administrations towards the additional efforts made By faculty and work to provide symbolic and moral rewards for that

The psychological trend of sport is an impetus for behavior and an auxiliary factor for taking care of junior and young people by anticipating the behavior of these young people and encouraging their desired positive trends or modifying negative undesirable trends and developing new ones. Basketball is one of the lessons set within the lessons of physical education lessons for Al-Mutamayzeen high school students in Al- Karkh Directorate Education 3 , which includes many basic skills that the student learns and performs, hence the research significance lies in the possibility of visualizing the performance of some basic skills in basketball in light of the psychological trend towards Basketball game, the research problem was a question? What is the level of psychological trend towards basketball game among Al-Mutamayzeen high school students? Does this trend play a role in performing some basic skills of the game? The research aimed to identify the level of psychological trend towards the basketball game among Al-Mutamayzeen high school students in Al- Karkh Directorate Education 3, and the relationship between the psychological trend towards basketball game and the performance of some basic skills of the game. The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method and the correlation relationship. The research sample was 18 students of Al-Mutamayzeen high school / Al-Karkh Directorate Education 3 , ages 15-17 years . Then the results were presented, analyzed and discussed for the study variables through which the two research objectives were achieved .The researcher concluded that the level of psychological trend towards the basketball game was higher than intermediate, and the high level of psychological trend reflected positively on the performance of some basic skills of basketball of the research sample .

Handball has special training requirements imposed by the nature of the game because of its defensive and offensive plans that are fast and accurate in implementation to achieve the ideal level of team performance. Moreover, the preparation of players is an integrated preparation in all aspects as well as continuous follow-up to evaluate basic skills through competitions and avoiding mistakes as well as enhancing plans for players and evaluate them to identify the extent of the success of the training process as well as identifying the level of defensive and offensive tactical knowledge of handball players,. Hence, the research significance lies in the actual measurement of defensive and offensive tactical knowledge in a precise scientific manner through which the level of the player or team can be identified based on the tactical knowledge of handball players as well as identifying the linear relationship between that knowledge and the most important basic skills that handball players should possess. The research aims to identify the defensive and offensive tactical knowledge and basic skills of handball players by finding the linear correlation and the percentage of contributions of dependent and independent variables used in the research.
The researchers discussed the research methodology using the descriptive method of the survey method and correlative studies. The research community and sample were identified by Handball clubs of Misan Governorate players, represented by clubs (Misan Nafit, Dijlaa, Amara, Misan, Mejar Alkabeer, Alsukar, Kumit, Qalaat Saleh, Ali Algarby, Almaymoonya, and Alkhalaa), total number (110) advanced players by (10) players for each club and homogeneity was performed for them as well as the scientific foundations and seven tests were approved to investigate the research problem.
The most important conclusions were the tests that were identified with the ability to evaluate in the field using direct measurement methods . Significant correlations emerged between defensive and offensive tactical knowledge and basic skills, and this gave strength to these tests in evaluating advanced handball players.
As for the most important recommendations, these tests can be adopted as a means of evaluation by coaches before entering training programs to prepare players, as well as the need to take into account the assessment of tactical knowledge and basic skills in handball through tests and performance evaluation, according to the nature of the research and the sample.

The research introduction and significance addressed the deep training of muscles by using special training methods and styles for these activities, which mainly depend on mechanical foundations for the starting variables such as the angle of rising and the height of the center of body mass and the speed of the hopper body. The research problem is that there is a decline in the level of digital achievement in our country (Iraq) . The researcher used biomechanical analysis to extract research variables on a sample consisting of (7) hoppers. The researcher developed exercises for deep muscles using various methods . The researcher concluded that there is an development in some biomechanical indicators for the stage of advancement and the achievement of long jump among young people. The researcher recommended the need to pay attention to this type of training.

The research problem lies in the injury of the straight femoral muscle by partial tear in some men and women who are not athletes, which prompted the researcher to pay attention to this condition and use it in the rehabilitation related to the skeletal muscles and the muscular system and to think in a way that accelerates and prevents the occurrence of the muscular atrophy resulting from not moving it for a long time. The research aimed to prepare constant exercises for the affected part, and immovable and movable exercises for the proper part and identify the effect muscular exercises prepared and the effect of transfer training to rehabilitate the affected part of the straight femoral muscle in terms of kinetic range and muscle strength. The researcher hypothesized that there were statistically significant differences in transferring the training effect of immovable and movable muscle to qualify the straight femoral muscle in terms of muscle strength and kinetic range between the pre and post tests of the research sample and in favor of the post test. The researcher used the experimental method and the main experiment sample consisted of 16 patients with partial tear of the femoral straight muscle. The researcher concluded several conclusions, including that the rehabilitative muscular exercises prepared have a positive effect on the sample in transferring the effect of training, which led to an improvement in strength and kinetic range .

Competitive exercises are among the important methods that contribute effectively to the development of the physical, skill, and proximity aspects of the real competitions. The problem lies in the existence of a clear weakness in the performance of female students ’skill.The researcher used the experimental approach, and the research community was identified from the second year students of the Department of Basic Physical Education for the College Physical Education / University of Sulaymaniyah for the academic year (2018-2019), and they are divided into three Sections (A), (B) and (C), whose number is (25) students. The research sample consisted of 14 students, randomly selected and represented by the sections (B) and ( C) that haven’t practiced basketball . The two sections were divided into two groups, where (C) represents the experimental group and (B) represents the control group, and each group consists of (7) students, and the training curriculum includes (16) A training unit divided into (6) weeks, and the training time in the main section ranged between (34-48) minutes. The foundations of the repetitive training were adopted to develop rapid strength and Dribbling skill in a competitive manner. The researcher concluded that : -The latest curriculum, implemented by the experimental group, made significant progress in some types of dribbling . -The experimental group outperformed the control group in some types of dribbling after applying competitive exercises and rapid strength

The research aims to identify the reality of teaching practices of physical education teachers for the intermediate school stage in Baghdad Governorate - General Directorate of Education, the second Karkh, to identify the extent to which male and female teachers of physical education possess teaching practices in intermediate school stage in Baghdad Governorate. The questionnaire was presented to a group of specialized experts who verify the validity of the title and its main axes and add or delete any axis they see appropriate. After returning the questionnaires from the experts and obtaining an agreement rate (86%) about the validity of the address and the main axes,the questionnaire was presented to the research community from the physicians and teachers of physical education in General Directorate of Education, the second Karkh, in Baghdad Governorate ,total number 201, so that they can obtain teaching practices that they consider necessary and express the main axes they perform during their implementation of the physical education lesson and the duties as well as activities that they are assigned to and asked them to add any axis they deem appropriate to be added to the axes, the lesson planning axis, the lesson implementation axis, the classroom management and dealing with students, the professional preparation axis, the use of devices and tools, the student participation axis, the evaluation axis. The researcher concluded that most of the teachers of physical education in Baghdad governorate have enough teaching practices for the physical education lesson.
The researcher recommends that the Sports and School Activity Directorate and the Directorate of Preparation and Training in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad, in coordination with the Deanship of the College of Physical Education should open specialized development courses for the teaching staff.

Through the researchers’ review of how players are prepared by coaches, a research problem was identified, represented by the focus on physical and skill-related aspects while neglecting the psychological aspect. In addition, there is an absence of a team psychologist responsible for diagnosing the psychological conditions experienced by players. Moreover, players themselves do not give importance to the psychological aspect. In other words, there is a deficiency in understanding the importance of the psychological factor, which significantly affects players’ performance during competitions.