Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

The experiment was conducted during spring and summer 2011 at field of the college of Agriculture and Forestry in Naniva Province (Iraq) to study the effect of different time of seed planting (March ,April ,June) on seed germination ,growth and propagation .It use a simple experiment in (RCBD) with three replicates . The results showed that in general the germination was 87% .The seeds were germinated during the duration of the season growth under temperature of 28-35 Cْ and in light ,but seeds under mother plant can not germinated in the dark. However ,the seeds germinated in water passing three stages ,After germination ,the seedlings remains attached to the mud. After some times the seedlings get detached from the mud and become free floating .It then multiplies vegetatively .Furthermore ,The individual plant had created from single seed germination gave 206 daughter plant with 2.199 m²/ m² leaf area and the mat covered 1/44 m² after 64 days. So this plant has a potential of producing seeds and propagates for high propagation and growth.

Making device to measure the durability feed pellet under the effect of air pressure and then tested and compared with the measurement device the durability of the feed pellet with tumbling can where durability is the most important indicator in determining the quality of those pellet, Included air blower device manufacturing connected with the discharge tube hole status curved from top to bottom part, the lower link with the discharge of blower hole either the upper link with funnel has been provided by the conical funnel bottom clip wired suppression cone on a rubber body for awarding me has put a hole after the upper lid and body rubber hole from the bottom side to install the air tube and attribution and delivery to hole crystal, Cover Suppression of the Supreme semi-conical sieve provider of top cover as a sieve last put it to increase the weight on the first conical sieve and not removed by the air force payment. Tested the device by feed pellet was manufactured with two variables to control the circumstances of its production and two holes forming and heat the feed water and compared their impact on the pellet durability and pellet percentage of Abrasion pellet measured the devices Arranged the test global experience of factors in accordance with the complete random design (CRD) and three replicates.
Experiment carried out at the College of Agriculture / Diyala University in 2015. The results showed that increasing the diameter of the holes forming from 2.5 to 4.5 mm led to a significant decrease in the pellet durability and a significant increase in the percentage of Abrasion, respectively. With the increase in feed water temperature from 17 to 34 and then to 51 m increased significantly durability of the pellet and decreased the percentage of Abrasion, respectively. Also found highly significant correlation between the two readings and the value of the correlation coefficient was 0.969.

The study included two separate practical experiment. The first one was conducted at the laboratory of germination in the centre of general institue for testing and Assuring Seed Branch of Salahaldeen to study the influence of three concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 50 and 100Mu) and three irrigation periods :( continuous irrigation, once every four days and last every six days) on germination and seedling growth of Allium cepa . The second experiment included study the influence of the aforementioned concentrations of the sodium chloride and the irrigation periods in some of the features of shoot growth to the onion by applying the vases test after six weeks of seeds germination. The increasing concentrations of sodium chloride and irrigation periods led to a significant decrease in most of the studied features of the plants while they led to increase of the Proline concentration in the plant’s leaves and the percentage of cell membrane damage in comparison with the treatment’s control . The combination of salt at 100 Mu. and irrigation every six days was the most negatively effective in all physiological parameters.

This study was carry out at the Rice Research Station in Muskhab / Najav-Iraq in the cultivar season 2014. Eight genotypes were sawing six of them aerobic rice and two drought tolerance local varieties rice in three replicated and all replicated was exposure to five stress (0, -15, -33, -75, -100) Kpa. Randomize Complete Block Design (RCBD) used arrange split plot. The study induced Plant height, panicle length, fertility percentage, thousand grain weight and grains yield characters. The results showed that there were significant differences between genotypes in plant height, fertility percentage and grain yield. We found significant difference between water stresses treatment in plant height, fertility percentage and thousand grain weight. There was significant difference between the genotypes and water stresses interaction in plant height character only. We concluded from this study that Aerobic rice genotype 26 superior in lo plant high 60.20 cm, lo fertility percentage 15.5% and high grain yield 7148 Kg/h.

Implemented a field experiment in the agricultural season spring 2006 in the area of science in the province of Salah al-Din to study the effect of levels of nitrogen fertilizer added to the three varieties of crop sunflower Helianthus annuusL. are (Euroflor (French) and Flamy (Turkish) and Manon (French) in some recipes seeds hulled quality. Use the randomized block design complete with three replications HCBD after the maturity of the crop taking 25 grams of ten plants of the lines of moderation and studied the characteristics of oil content, protein, ash and carbohydrates results showed superiority Category Manon highest percentage of ash (3.766%) at the level of nitrogen fertilizer 80 / kg.ha-1, as well as in the proportion of Zein (97.2%) at a level of 60 kg.ha-1, while class Euroflor gave the highest percentage of carbohydrates (210.020%) at 80 / kg.ha-1.

The study was performed during the 2014 – 2015 season at Abu Gharib experiment station which belong to the Agriculture researches office Using seven bread wheat varieties (Ebaa 99, AL Fateh , Bhooth22 , Bhooth10 , AL Rasheed , AL Barakah and Orok)to find the response of these varieties to four planting dates (15Nov.,1Des.,15Des.and 1st.Jan)Split plot desing in RCBD with three replications, main plots were assigned to planting dates, while sub-plots were for wheat varieties. Planting date at 15 november gave higher grain (5448) KG.h-1 that’s a result of supervised in no. spikes. m-2 (336), no. grains.spikes-1 (69) and 1000 grain weight (37.02) gm, Than the rest planting dates, white 1 jun. gave low grain yiled (1501)kg.h-1 . Significamthy differences appeared among cultivars in studied traits especially Ipaa99 cultivar which gave highest range of plant hight (91.85 cm) , flag leaf area(31.88 cm2) ,1000 grain weight (32.92), grain yield (3726 kg.he-1) and harvest index(32.91%),,days to 50% anthesis (124.25day),days to full maturity (150.17day) and biological yield(11735day) There was significant interaction between planting dates and cultivars in all traits studied. Buhooth22 and Al-Baraka that planted at 15Nov. gave highest means in number of spike per m2 , number of grain per spike, grain yield and harvest index. (380,359), (73,76), (6100,6100) and(48.7,49.8)% respective

Afield experiment was conducted at Alam region in Tikrit governorate through growth season 2013 to study three hybrids of Watermelon response (Noura .Orion .Gloray Jumbo) to nutrient solvent Janet with concentration 2ml. for l four times (0.1.2.3.).the experiment was designed by RCBD with three replicates .The results showed: hybrid Jumbo had significant superiority in properties fruit weight 5.04 kgm and fruit length (26.75) cm and yield (102.44) ton/ hectare Orion hybrid had superiority in shell Fruit (1.56) cm Fruit hardness (14.58) kg/cm . while Noura hybrid gave highest value of T.S.S and highest degree of Lycopine pigment reached to (10.20). (27.24) mg./gm and fresh weight successfully while spraying time 2 with nutrients solvent Jannet highest T.S.S and high yield reach 12.96 kg.cm . (76.84) ton /hectare successively while spraying 3 compared with others had significant value of others characters. The interaction hybrid and spraying time 1 had superiority to other interactions in properties fruit weight fruit length and total yield reached (5.15) gm 26.86) cm 106.56 ton/hectare .

This study was conducted in two different regions, first at experimental field Hort. Dept. / College of, Agric. Forestry / MOUSL Univ./ Ninevh , and the second in : farmer field / folair Duhok during the growing season 2011/2012, to study the effect of plant extracts seeds
Fenugree ( Trigonella foenum - graecum ) Leaves & seeds of Nettle
( Urtica dioca ) & root of ( Licorise Glycyrrhiza ) at 25gm/L. of each extract ,in two pea cultivars namely Turkish & Italian which never cultivated in Iraq. Plant sprayed twice with plant extract at 3-5 true leaf stage in 29.11.2012. & after two weeks from the first application in 14.01.2012. Result indicated that Licorice extract application gave the highest values in plant height (cm) ,No. Leaves/plant ,while spraying with Nettle leaves extracts gave the highest chlorophyll content (spad) in leaves ( 91.93 , 69.8% ) , ( 51.93 ), and in total dry seed yield (3308.88)kg/ha , and some quality parameters as protein percentage ) and TSS (34.60 %) in seeds at the first region . Results indicated that Turkish cv. gave highest value of total dry seed yield (3485.92) kg/ha in the first region. Results showed that plants growing in the first region gave the highest value in the studied parameters.

The field experiment was conducted in plastic house of followed to the research station of Horticulture and landscape design department /college of agriculture/Tikrit university at the season 2012/2013 to study the Evaluation of seven okra varieties which are (Samara, Sultani, Cleson, Clemson spinless, Clemson spinless 80, Mousully, and Btera) with two dates sowing (20/12/2012 and 10/1/2013). Split plot system was used a distributed as R.C.B.D. It was done with three replicates. The results showed that Sultani significant mental in plant length character. Whereas Clemson spinless 80 showed significant mental in branches number and fruit weight. The Mousully variety showed significant increment in each of plant fruit number, plant yield, and dry matter percentage of fruit. According to the dates, the first one showed significant increment in each of plant length character, plant fruits number, plant yield, and dry matter percentage of fruit so it gave higher rate reached 143.989 cm, 68.50 fruit/plant, 435.32 g, and 16.092 %. The interaction in Clemson spinless 80 variety that the first date shows significant increment in plant length character, branches number, stem diameter, whereas the Mousully variety which agriculture in the first date showed significant increment in each of fruits number of plant , plant yield , and dry matter percentage of fruit which gave higher average in these characters 89.80 fruit/plant , 606.50 gm , and 17.457% successively . The fruits weight character of as Clemson spinless 80 showed significant increment which sows in the second date to the other treatments.

In this study, experiment were conducted a Conocarpus erectus , These were to study the effect of several anti oxidants and study the effect of combination cytokinin of BA with Kin on the multiplication of single node segments. The results showed the plant parts were soaking with a solution of ascorbic acid at concentration of 100 mg.l-1 + citric acid with 150 mg.l-1 for an hour before the sterilization process, and then grown on the nutrient medium supplemented with PVP at 3 mg.l-1 the best in decreasing with the phenomenon of browning, which gave the best response for living parts stood at 90%. Multiplying experiment showed that the combination between BA concentration 4 mg.l-1 + 0.3 Kin mg.l-1 . It gave the highest number of branches was amounted 4.00 shoot/explant, the largest number of leaves amounted to 17.50 leaf/explant, and the highest average length 2.00 cm on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg.l-1 BA+0.5 mg.l-1 Kin. The full strength was the best in terms, the presens IBA supplemented 0.5,1.0,1.5 mg.l-1 as It gave highest rate of rooting which amounted 75%, with average root number 2.62 root/shoot with average length for the longest root length 4.28 cm. at 1.5 mg.l-1 IBA, Compared to cultures at the MS medium with half strength. The successful of acclimatization of plant tissue culture off shoots using ptums

The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the field of gardening and landscaping Directorate in Erbil for the duration of 1/4/2015 01/12/2015 to the Periwinkle Madagascar plant Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don cv. Pacifica X P Mix Bold. The experiment carried out using three factors (2 × 4 × 2) with Split split plot within Completely Randomized Block Design, the first factor: Date of transplanting in two dates, six or eight weeks of transplant of seedlings into pots, the second factor spraying with active yeast with four concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 8) gm.ltr -1, third factor pinching or non-pinching (control). The results showed that the first date of transplanting of seedlings, which caused a significant increase in plant height by 8.59% compared to the second date. The first date of transplanting of seedlings was early flowering by 6.80 days compared to the second date of 136.46 days until flowering, while the second date of transplanting seedlings increased significantly in the number of total flowers by 3.44% compared with the transplanting on the second date, which amounted to 63.41 flower.plant -1.. While the spraying of the yeast showed a superior concentration of 2 gm.lt-1 with a significant increase and gave the largest leaf area amounted to 841.33 cm2. And the pinching significantly increased the period until the flowering 2.50 days compared with the non-pinching, which amounted to 131.34 days until flowering.

A factorial experiment was conducted for the 2012-2013 on garlic ( Allium atroviolaceum L. ) at agricultural Station Tikrit University According ( RCBD ) . the experiment included twelve treatment produced by interaction between the organic fertilization with three levels (zero , 10 m 3 / acres, 20 m3 / acre ) and potassium fertilization two levels (zero , 40 kg / acre ) and spraying extract of licorice two levels (zero, 10 g / l) with three replicates , to study the effect of potassium and poultry waste and licorice extract to the growth and yield some effective compounds : The study showed
1- The results showed that organic fertilization has given a significant increase in plant height ( cm ), leaf area cm2 , head diameter (mm), total yield
( 87.08 cm, 99.2 cm2 , 62.53 mm, 21.2 T / ha ), while the potassium fertilization give significant increase in , head diameter ( 58.25 mm) .
2- The interaction between organic fertilizer, potassium fertilization had significant increasing in plant height, area leaf, total yield) ( 88.18 cm, 101.6 cm2 , 21.95 t / ha ..
3- The tri interaction between organic fertilizer, potassium and licorce extract had significant increasing to plant height , leaf area , total yield ( 88.7 cm , 104.4 cm2 , 22.95 T/H ) while the inereaction between licorice extract and potassium had superiority in leaf area , total yield ( 116 cm2 , 23.73 t / ha ) .
4- The treatment F3K2G1 had clear effect: S-allyl cystine and Y-glutomyl cystine which was more superiority to other treatment, it gave highest concentration reached ( 59.69 micrograms . ML ) ( 65,534 micrograms . ML ) compared with control . the treatment F3K2G2 highest concentration of (agoene) reached to ( 103.48 micrograms . ML ) compared with control , while the treatment F2K2G1 gave highest concentration of Di - allyl tri sulfide reached to 68.88 micrograms . Ml ) compared with F1K2G2 treatment .

The experiment was carried out in the Lath house of the Faculty of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk for the period during 16/7/2016 to 1/11/2016 to study the effect of spray on the growth regulator of Brassinolide and Pro-Sol in some vegetative growth and its effect on the production of active substances of the Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus(L.) G .Don. The trial included four concentrations of the growth regulator Brassinolide: (0.020, 0.015 0.010, 0.00) ml.l­¹ and four nutrient concentrations of Pr (3.5, 2.5, 1. 0) g .l­¹, the experiment carried out in accordance with the design of full random sectors RCBD and four replications, and the averages were compared by testing L.SD at 5% probability, and the results showed : the spray growth regulator BL concentration .010) ml.l­¹ effect a significant increase in leaf area and a concentration of 0.015 ml.l­¹ in the recipe dry weight, Leaf area nutrient concentration of Pr 1.5 g .l­¹ effect significantly in the dry recipe Leaf area and weight in interference between them showed highest superiority when treated BL2Pr3 in recipe paper space . on the proportion of active substances in the leaves of the plant has a Positive increase in basinolide spray and mineral spray with BL2Pr3 in increased alkaloids active Vincristine and Vindoline gave values of 264.60 and 362.54 μg. Compared with the lowest value of BL0Pr0 with 38.39 μg.¹ in Vindoline, and BL0Pr3 with 40.01 at Fincherstin while BL3Pr3 to increase the active alkaloids (Cathranathine and Vinblastine) had the highest values (409.15),( 432.16) respectively compared with the lowest values in the treatment of BL0Pr0, with values of 52.87 and 41.57 μg respectively for all treatments compared to the root content of the same plant despite the increase in the percentage of active substances .

The present study was conducted on Tigris river at Salah-Aldin province included selected five site distributed at the distance of the river, which are studied 17.4 km from November 2012 to June 2013. The first site located close to station for refinery drinking water at Aldour city, the last site was at Abo-Dalf area.The results showed that air temperature ranged 5-39 C°, while water temperature ranged 8-24C°, and turbidity ranged 3.55 - 192.5 NTU and the values of electrical conductivity between 356-620 µS/cm, and observed dissolved oxygen values ranged 4.5-9.6 mg / l and based on BOD5 values the water was clean, its ranged 1.4-15.2 mg / l. While pH values were low, with levels ranging between 6.7-8.2. Total Hardness was affected by the geological characteristics of the soil in which the water is located in the stations, and the water was very hard, which was mostly due to the ion of the bicarbonate, total hardness values ranged 94-284 mg /l, Alkalinity values recorded 56-1108 mg / l while chloride ions were within the permissible limits ranging between 21.3-158.575 mg / l, while the sulfates values ranged 22.2-466.2 mg/l, while the phosphate values ranged 0.417-7.519 µg / l, followed by silica was recorded between 0.463-13.901 mg / l.

A field study was carried out to determine the effect of vegetation cover on the decomposition of humus compounds in some soils in Aqra district, in the north of Iraq. The humus compounds were divided into three components; humic acid, fulvic acid, and humine. Four different vegetation areas were selected plums, walnuts, almonds and unused soil at different depths. The soil samples were air dried and screened on the sieve of 2 mm, to measure some physical and chemical properties. The results showed a variation in the organic content of soil horizons within the same horizon or compared with other horizons. The organic compounds ranged from 9.490 – 48.661 gkg-1 for the surface horizon of the walnut vegetation soil and the subsurface horizon of the unused soil respectively. The concentration of humic acid was higher in the surface horizon of plum vegetation as recorded at 36.190 gkg-1 compared to the lowest concentration of the subsurface horizon of unused soil 4.846 gkg-1. The concentration of fulvic acid was higher at the walnut vegetation 32.080 gkg-1compared to 1.130gkg-1as it was lowest recorded with the subsurface horizon of unused soil. While, the concentration of humic acid was higher with the plum vegetation soils as it was recorded of 1.190 gkg-1 at the surface horizon of plum vegetation soil compared to the lowest concentration of subsurface horizon with the walnut vegetation soil as it was down to 0.77 gkg-1.

Twenty samples of Gypsiferous soil where collected from different sites of Salahuddin province (Tikrit University, Alam and Samarra) from Rhizosphere of different plants roots (wheat, barley, corn, peas, lettuce, , cabbage , cauliflower , turnip , onions, chard, radishes, Cresson, celery, malve, tomato, watercress, chickpeas, cucumbers) , to isolate and identify of Azotobacter Bacteria from these samples , and test the efficiency of these isolates in nitrogen fixation and production of auxin (indole acetic acid IAA) and phosphate.
The results showed that the highest nitrogen fixation and production indole Acid Acetic (IAA) and phosphate solubilizing recorded in A.chroococcum, followed by A.vinelandii, then A.beijerinckii, and the (Az2) isolate which belong to A.chroococcum gave the highest value, this isolate gave 6.70 mg.L-1, 28.6 µg.ml-1, and 192 of fixed nitrogen , indole production and phosphate solubilizing respectively , while the efficient isolate of A.vinelandii (Az12) gave 5.12 mg.L-1 ,23.0 µg.ml-1and 186 respectively, and the only isolate of A.beijerinckii gave 3.91 mg.l -1 ,17.4 µg. ml -1 and 177 respectively.

72 soil samples Were collected from the rhizosphere of (Triticum aestivum L Hordeum Sp, Vicia faba, Allium cepa, Beta vulgaris L., raphanus sativus, Solanum tuberosum, Citrullas lantus , Matricaria chmomilla, Mentha sp and Capsicum annuum) in order to isolate Pseudomonas Results showed that out of 72 soil samples, 60 isolates were belong in its charactercitic to Pseudomonas spp. Depending on the differential and biochemical tests, 48 isolates were related to P.fluorescens, Laboratory diagnosis was confirmed using a diagnostic kit APi 20E, as well as molecular identification by using the primers 16SPSEfluF and 16SPSEfluR for the amplification of the gene 16D rRNA using polymerase chain reaction PCR technique the resulting bands have molecular size of 848 base pairs of the 16S rRNA, which only amplitied the species P. fluorescens. At level of host plants highest of P. fluorescens was in the onions (83.3%) followed by barley and peas (80%) followed by wheat, potatoes, watermelon and mint (75%) then chamomile and chard and peppers (50%) and less presence was in the plant radish as the ratio reached at 42.8%.

The present study was conducted during August 2015 to February 2016 at Kirkuk University laboratories to determine the effect of Oxytetracycline on the liver tissue of the rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, to evaluate the drug using the drug injection and to determine the safe dose for use in the animals. Three doses were administered by injection of the muscle. In the study, 48 rabbits were divided into four groups, the first group was injected with distilled water, and the other three groups were injected with antibiotics once daily for 15 days at a concentration of 5, 10 and 20 mg / kg body weight Respectively. The animals were dissected on different periods after the completion of the dosage 7 days after the completion of the dosage, 30 days and 60 days. The histological examination showed several tissue lesions in the studied organ, which consisted of degeneration and necrosis of the tissue cells, infiltration of the inflammatory cells, pyknosis of nuclei, karyorrhexis of part of them, karyolysis of the other part, damage of the walls of the blood vessels, hemorrhage, Furthermore occurrence of hemolysis , congestion and dilatation of the central vein, the desquamation of endothelium and swelling of sinusoids in the liver.

This study was designed to determine the effect of ferrous sulfate (100mg / kg b. w) on histopathological picture of the testis in male rats. Twelve white adults male rat were used and divided into two groups, first group was included (6) males were given ferrous sulfate solution daily by mouth for a period of (60) days, and the second group included (6) males which were treated under normal conditions consider as a control group. The results showed that the treated group with iron caused a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the weight of each testis, prostate and seminal vesicle compared with the control group. The study was indicated that treatment with iron caused a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the spermatic tubule diameters and thickness of the seminiferous tubule epithelium compared with the control group. The histological study also was showed that pathological changes in the testes of treated group with iron which included necrosis and degenerative changes. The conclusion from this study demonstrated that the iron caused adverse effects on the histological pictures which considered a perfect indicator in that iron caused stress and a negative factor if it exceeds the normal level.

This study was conducted in the laboratories of Agriculture College / University of Baghdad, in order to increase the solubility of fish protein meal and in-vitro digestibility. There were three treatments: fresh fish powder (comparison treatment), the second was fish powder treated with protease enzyme 70000U/gm using different concentrate 1%, 2% and 3% (w: v). The third treatment is soybean meal used in digestion experiment to compare the degree of digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in the treatments that use soy protein or fish powder treated or without treated protease. We used cheap fish supplied from local markets known as Zori, Abu Chrizh or Khushani. Treated with 1% and 2% protease enzyme leads to increase ether extract content (P<0.05) and soluble nitrogen (P<0.01) with 3% conc. as true protein without effected on non-protein nitrogen.
As it is shown by the experience of in-vitro digestibility for fish meal treated with or without protease enzyme when substituted with soybean in ruminant diets, high in vitro digestion of organic matter (P<0.01) without any effect on dry matter digestibility. It concluded that 3% of protease enzyme increase degraded true protein.

In this study, 50 ewes were given births during the period from 15th of November 2003 until 28 of February 2004. the present study started on 15th of November, 2003 and concluded on the 15th of may, 2004. they were kept under the same management, housing and treatment conditions, as far as the nutrition is concerned, similar to the traditional method used by the farmers in rural regions. Milk production was recorded for each single ewe twice a day. The length and circumference of teats and the distance between them were measured biweekly. Fat and protein percents and somatic cell of the produced milk along with were determined biweekly, too.
The effect of the fixed factors, teats measurements , on performances and regression equations were determined in order to predict ewes performances based on teats measurements SCC, independent factors.
Performance means comparison indicated:
T- test showed that there a significant difference in milk yield as a result of average teats length and distance between them, with no significant difference for fat and protein percentages detected.
Effect of factorial interaction: the following results observed; Teats length and there diameter interaction showed significant effect on milk yield. Teats length 3.1- 4.5 cm and 2.1- 3 cm diameter interaction was significantly more effective on milk yield than those teats with (1.5- 3.0) cm length and (1.0- 2.0) cm. diameter, average fat percent was significantly superior from ewes with (1.5- 3.0) cm teat length and (2.1- 3.0) cm. diameter over those with (3.1- 4.5) cm. length and (2.1- 3.0) cm. diameter.
Teats diameter- distance interaction: Fat percent was statistically higher in ewes of (2.1- 3.0) cm. diameter with (18.5- 24.5) cm. distance than those of (1.0- 2.0) cm diameter and with the same distance.
Teats length- diameter and distance interaction:
Average milk Production and protein percent were numerically increased duo to the teat length- diameter and distance interaction.
Average fat percent. Ewes of (1.5- 3) cm. teat lengths with (2.1- 3) cm. diameter with in (12.4- 18.4) cm. distance produced higher fat percent than those of the same teats length with average teats diameter ranged from (1.0- 2.0) cm. and (18.5- 24.5) cm. distance.
In conclusion, it can be stated that the ewes characterized by having longest teats with more distance and diameter are best individuals for milk production and performance.

The present study was aims to improve the quality of shami goat semen diluted with tris diluent by adding antioxidants (bovine serum albumin (BSA), vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A) , In the current study , 12 male shami goats were used . semen was collected using artificial vagina of one ejaculate per week from every male during the outside breeding season from 01/06/2013 to 15/09/2013 and two ejaculate per week from every male during the breeding season of 15/9 / 2013 to 15/12/2013. in this study, the use of diluent tris - fructose - egg yolk 1.5%. Diluted semen sample cooled gradually and stored at 5º C , Cooled diluted semen sample were examined every 24 hours of storage to 72 h. These tests include the proportion of live sperm and the proportion of secondary abnormalities of the sperm. The percentage of sperm acrosomal defects. These results showed the addition of vitamin E to semen extenders of male was best to improve the qualities of semen ( percentage of proportion live sperm, the acrosomal integrity , the natural form sperm) outside the breeding season, the diluted enhanced with vitamin A was the best in maintaining the highest proportion of live sperm and reduce the proportion of sperm defects it could be concluded of the current study that the addition of antioxidants to semen extenders clear impact on both the percentage of live sperm and reduce defects.

This study was an attempt for investigation the tissues that compeise the digestive system of the bat, comparing it with the same system in mammalian . the bat has been anatomized and the organs of digestive system was taken away they include: tongue ,esophagus ,stomach ,small intestine and large intestine. Where they have been studies histological.
The result of microscopial investigation for the tissues of digestive system of bat showed that it consists of the same four layers like in mammalian digestive system and it is from inner to outer layers as following :mucosa layer which consist of epithelial tissue ,lamina propria and muscular mucosa ,second layer the submucosa third muscular externa and lastly the serosa or advantitia except some differences in the tissues of parts of this layers in some mammalian . in bat, the tongue consist of filiform papillae ,fungiform papillae ,circumvallate papillae and foliat papillae ,the esophagus consist of the four layers except the difference in the epithelial layer in mucosa that consist of stratified squamous epithelial tissue non keratinized , in muscular externa layer in bat consist of smooth muscular, the stomach consist of four portions or parts , they are cardiac part , pleuric part ,the fundus and body and it also consist of simple and compound stomach glands and consist of three types of glands , they are the stomach glands or fundus glands ,pyloric glands and cardiac glands ,in small intestine consist of villi but could not be recognizing the three parts of from each other in bat , but in other mammalian we can recognize three parts of it, they are duodenum , jejunum and ileum , lastly the large intestine consist of two parts ,they are colon and rectum and appendix is absent in bat , there is no other difference between it and other mammalian .

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of adding different levels of sesame seeds oil (0, 1, 2.5, and 4)% to carp fish Cyprinus carpio L. ratio.
96 common carp fish Cyprinus carpio L. with initiated weight (75±2) grams per fish were randomly distributed in glass basins of 40 cm x 60 cm x 40 cm with ventilator and air filtration system. At the controlled laboratory conditions, the results showed variation in ratio diet content from metabolized energy 1579.08 and 1645.036 mega joule/gram with different oil present adding. About the digestibility, there was significant difference (P≤ 0.05) for diet with 1% oil 78.84% while the other diets (control, 2.5 and 4) showed total digestibility of 78.69, 78.15 and 77.45% respectively. The same diet showed 1% significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the fat digestibility of 80.68%. Other diets indicated a fat digestibility of 79.67, 79.89, 80.02% for (control, 2.5, 4)%, respectively. The diet content 2.5% oil record significant differences (P≤ 0.05) for Protein digestibility 92.07% compared with the others (control 1, 4) which reached 90.95, 86.05 and 84.04% respectively. The protein / energy ratio ranged between 0.047 and 0.079.

In this study the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic effects of the anti-parasites Iverrmectin (IVM) in bone-marrow of male white swiss mice Mus musculus were evaluated using the cytogenetic endpoints: Micronucleus test (MN) in Polychromatic Erythrocytes (PCEs), Chromosome aberration analysis in somatic cells and molecular cytogenetic represented by Single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay). The doses 0.4. 0.6 and 0.8 mg/kg.body weight . were orally administrated to the mice of treated groups, negative control group were given distelled water. The results showed that IVM induced significant decrease in the mean of polychromatic erythrocytes and the lowest value was recorded at the dose 0.6 mg/ kg. b.wt.(P≤ 0.01) and significant increase in the mean of micronuclei were induced by the three doses of drug (P≤ 0.01). IVM induced both anuegenic and clastogenic effects in bone marrow of male white mice, The results showed a significant increase in means of numerical chromosome aberrations (anueploidy and polyploidy) (P≤ 0.05), the highest mean of structural chromosome aberration (with and without gabs) was recorded in mice treated with 0.8 mg/ kg. b.wt. (P≤ 0.01) . Oral treatment of white mice with IVM induced a significant DNA damage in bone marrow cells, which revealed by comet assay results, the mean of damaged bone marrow cells in mice treated with doses 0.6 and 0.8 mg/ kg. b.wt. were different significantly when compared with negative control(P≤ 0.01). Results of current study revealed that IVM have genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on somatic cells of male white mice. the study recommend studying the genotoxicity and cytotoxcity of IVM using other animal models by other cytogenetic endpoints.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of acetic acid on growing of local isolate of Aspergillus flavus which contaminated stored corn and on produced the kojic acid and aflatoxin B1 , The acid were added with 0.5 , 1 , 3 , and 5 % compared with other control treatment of no added acids to stored corn . Samples were stored in closed room and the temperature was measured each month. Moisture percrnt , pH value, total count of fungus and concentration of kojic acid and Aflatoxin B1 in all treatments at the beginning and at the end of the month were measured . Results indicated that moisture content did not significantly change through different treatments with different concentration added of acid and at three different period of storage, The moisture percent in corn was ranged between 17.0 to 18.25 % . pH values were decreased in corn with added of acid, The value was decreased from 6.7 at the beginning of the storage to lowest level ( 3.64 ).
Growth of A.flavus was inhibited and its count was decreased in corn of treatment with the above acid comparing with control treatment , The total count was ranged between 0.75 – 0.95 × 104 CFU / g when acid added with 0.5 % and this less than the number which found in control treatment , The growth of fungus decreased by 100% in case of addition of 1 , 3 and 5 % of acetic acid . Production of kojic acid and aflatoxin B1 by A.flavus in stored corn inhibited with addition of acetic acid , The concentration of the two substances ranged between 11.6 – 13.3 g / Kg and 29.5 – 47.5 µg / kg , respectively after using the acid with 0.5% , and this less than the levels in control treatment. Addition of acetic acid with 1% or above inhibited the production kojic acid and aflatoxin B1 by A.flavus complete .

This study aim to identify the effects of pollutants released from Mulla Abdullah power plant, in a number of liver enzyme ( Alkaline phosphates ) ( ALP( Aspartat amino transferees (AST) GPT )Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (100) blood samples has been taken from workers at the plant above were divided into (4) groups by company sections (Mechanics, electricity, operating, administration) by (25) sample for each section and the results had compared with a control group consisting of (25) a sample of healthy people live in Zab Area which is located southwest of Kirkuk city, for the purpose of comparison and the results were as follows :-
As for enzymes, there are no significant differences among the studied groups and the control group during the different periods of exposure for the (AST, ALT) . As for the (ALP)Has risen in the studied groups compared with control group.

The study was conducted in the Department of Food Science laboratories in the Faculty of Agriculture , University of Tikrit for the period from 1/9/2012 to 6/1/2013 , which included the collection (5) different types of food saved freezing and cooling by four brands of each type and by five replicates for each sample from different areas of Salahaddin province minced, meat chicken , liver frozen chicken , Sausage , frozen fish, as it collected samples at random from the markets and different areas of the province of Salahuddin and transferred to the laboratory and preserved in the frozen degree temperature ( -18 ) ° C until a Microbioal tests, as tests included know the total number of aerobic bacteria and the total number of bacteria listeria study also included isolate and diagnose the bacteria L. monocytogenes Results show the to isolate the bacteria L. monocytogenes samples of minced meat and chicken livers and chicken meat and Sausage and frozen fish(10%,5%,10%,5%,5%),respectively, and the number of samples tested (100) sample and the number of bacterial isolated L. monocytogenes(7) isolated the percentage (7%).

This research performed in Dept. of Food Sci. and Biotechnology colloge of Agriculture and Forestry University of Mosulby makiny Aushary cheese from cow and sheepes milk with Bifidobacteria bifidum or Lactobacillus acidophilus The total number of bacteria in the sampels of the comparison cheese manufactured in vitro was less compared with the cheeses obtained from the local. The total number of bacteria in the coparison sample of Aushari cheese manufacture from sheepe milk was higher compared with the coparison sample of Aushari cheese manufactured from cow milk .Thus, the total number of bacteria in the comparison of cheese manufactured from sheepe milk with one day age was 32x510cfu/gm .Also this number in the comparison sample of cheese manufactured from cow milk was 38x310cfu/gm .
The number of probiotic bacteria Lact. acidophilus or Bif. bacterium present in Aushari cheese with in the interesting limit and higher than 610 cfu/gm of cheese until the end of storage period(two month)in spite of their decrease through the storage period due to the acidity development and control as well as to the addition of herbs and spices with in a period of two months. The laboratory cheese was empty from the pathogenic bacteria :salmonella and staphylococcus The cheese samples obtained from the local markets (Duhok, Erbil, Mosul)included numbers of salmonella with were 21x210 ,45x210 and 98x210cfu/gm in each of the Aushari cheese in Duhok, Erbil and Mosul. The number of bacteria staphylococcus was high as 5.7x210,70x210 and 5.5x210 in all samples of Duhok, Erbil and Mosul respectively. The number of colon bacteria were less than 10 cells wich were with in the permitted limit. In addition ,the increase of yeasts and fouls with the increase of storage period.

Targeted research study aim identify knowledge level of farmers sprinkles irrigation systems spray in Tikrit province, and estimate the knowledge level of farmers users of irrigation systems spray pivotal in the following areas : (initialization of the system up and running, irrigation, fertilization, maintenance of the system ) and find a correlation between the level of knowledge of farmers users systems sprinkler irrigation pivotal factors independent following : (age, , number of years of use of the system, the, owning agricultural equipment , the sources of communication) and to identify the relationship between the level of knowledge and inter factors independent and then selecting the most - mentioned problems and constraints faced by users pivot sprinkler irrigation systems. .
Included research community all farmers owners of systems, sprinkler irrigation pivot in the Tikrit district , officially registered in the Division of Agriculture Tikrit 's (630) farms , has been selected a random sample proportionately from each association by 20% the number of respondents who The research sample representing 126 farms .
prepared a questionnaire composed two parts ,first part included a number of questions belonging farmers :as (age, , years of use of the system of tenure , numbers owning agricultural equipment , sources of information ) and second Part: four field to measure the level of knowledge of agricultural users, systems, sprinkler irrigation used a number of statistical methods for the analysis of the most important data of the study (range, , mean, the law of Pearson, Spearman law, test t )
The study results showed that the majority of respondents are with the level knowledge middle to low.
The results showed a correlation with the number of factors independent ,also study results showed the presence of a number of problems occupied the problem of high fuel prices, ranked first .
The researcher concluded that the majority of respondents suffer from a lack of knowledge is evident in all areas covered by the study. Researcher presented a set of recommendations including: conducting similar studies and repeat the study at different periods of the agricultural and activate the media and training activities for users of coaxial systems taking into consideration the findings of the study when preparing such activities.