Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

A Study was conducted to establishing selection indexes for genotypes of soybean . The seeds of these genotypes were planted in two dates , first was at 20/5/2014 and the second was at 11/5/2015 using RCBD design with three replicates . to study ; plant height , number of the branchs , number of the leaves , number of the pods, number of the seeds in the pod, weight of the seed, plant yidd rate , total yield , oil and protein contenttraits . The results showed that the genotypes were different from all studied traits , the genotype (Eman) was surpassed in seed yield (3050 kg/h), number of pods (166.6 pod/plant) plant yield rate (51.5 gm.)and Protein content (35.4%) traits, for the first time , the genotype (Eman) was surpassed in seed yield (3540 kg/h),seed weight(182.6 mgm), plant yield rate (70 gm.) and oil content (23.9%) traits. Significant values have appeared for the genetic variance of the genotypes for all studied traits and for the two dates. Heritability values with broad sense were high in all the traits and for the two date, als the value of expected genetic advance were high as apercetage in the traits : seed yield for the two dates (691.6 and 827.85) res pectively , and the number of the pods (42.68) for the two date . Highly relative efficiency has appeared for selection index which included the traits the seed yield, number of the pods ,trait seed weight , (144.22) , and the selection index which included the traits the yield, trait seed weight , number of the branchs (114.49) and the selection which included the traits the seed yield, number of the pods, seed weight and number of the branchs (341.38) for the date .1

This study was carried out to aim of know ledge of the stability of fifteen cultivars of upland cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L.) with medium lint through season of 2013 at three level of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 60, and 120 kg/ D.)in two location , the first was in AL-Anbar government /AL-Saqlawia province –flauja in one of farmers field , and the second was in the station of field crops Dept . /Tikrit University, there was six agricultural environment formed. A design of RCBD in split plots arrangement was used with three replicates, levels of nitrogen fertilizer contains main plot, while the sub plot contains the genotypes.
average weight of the boll, Total seed cotton yield, earliness coefficient, Ginning out purity , seed and lint index , staple length at 50% and 2.5% staple Uniformity , lint strength lint finness and lint elongation ).
The results showed that average of environment mean squares (linear) was significant at 1% of prob. Level, for all the traits except average of boll weight, which was significant at 5% of prob. Level, and the two traits no. of vegetative branches and fiber firmness had not reached to statistical significant, and the average means square of linear container for the interaction of varieties × environment when tested against summation devition which was significant at 1% of prob . level for plant height , number of fruity branch , number of opened bolls , Gemming out purity , uniformity of fiber . Length and insignificant for other traits , results showed that the parameters of stability, some of the items were appropriate and stable for most of traits and agricultural environments approved .

This experiment was carried out during the growing season (2009), using a block design randomized complete (RCBD) in the fields of Agronomy Department - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Tikrit, included three levels of urea fertilizer is (zero, 50.75 kg.ha-1) and two levels of compost paper LGDEX two (zero, half a liter.sq.m-1), and three replicates per treatment. The results indicated significant differences between the levels of fertilizer Nitrogen (urea) in the character of the branch number, and the number of spikes, and spike length, and number of grains. spike-1, and the recipe holds a grain (kg.ha-1), with more than the level of adding 75 kg.sq.m-1 at the (zero and 50 kg.acre-1). While no significant differences between the levels of fertilizer addition to Nitrogen strands of plant height (cm), and 1000 grains weight (g). The results showed no significant differences between the levels of added fertilizer paper (marine extracts) for all traits studied, although the add gave better results compared to no addition. It was also noted that there is significant overlap between the levels of fertilizer addition Nitrogen with the levels of fertilizer in the character of the paper holds grain kg.ha-1, and the number of spikes, and the number of grains.spike-1, and the branch number. While There are no significant differences in the character of plant height (cm), and spike length (cm) and weight of 1000 grains (g).

Ten genotypes of pea crops (PO6-OO1FB / FL و PO6-OO2FB / FL و PO6-OO3FB / FL و PO6-OO5FB / FL و PO6-OO9FB / FL و PO6-O11FB / FL و PO6-O13FB / FL و PO6-O14FB / FL و Syrian Local large و Aguadolce) obtained from the Organization of ICARDA for dry farming were used in the study , introduced in reciprocal half crosses. Parents and hybrids were planted using the design of randomized complete sectors (RCBD) with three replicates and recorded data for traits (duration to flowering 50% and the duration of the seed / day is full and the number of branches / plant and the proportion of the contract% and plant height / cm and leaf area cm2 / plant chlorophyll / spad length Qurna / cm and the number of pods / plant and the number of seeds / pod and the rate of the weight of the seed / g seed weight / g plant holds the seed kg / hectares and biological gainings kg / hectares and harvest index% efficiency quotient / g / cm 2 and protein%). The results showed the presence of high moral differences between parents and hybrids of the first generation and all attributes except the parents against the camel for prescription rate of the weight of the seed / g did not reach statistical moral level. And that the ability to unite contrast to the special ability to unite the components of the components were lower than the one for recipes: Contract% and plant height / cm and the number of seeds / pod ratio, while the larger one for the rest of qualities. The results also showed significant effects on the ability of General Union and the direction desired in the Father (PO6-OO2FB /FL) and (PO6-O14FB /FL) to fourteen traits. Father and (PO6-O13FB /FL) a trait for eleven. The father (PO6-OO5FB /FL) It is for eleven traits. Father and (PO6-OO9FB /FL) to ten traits. Father (Syrian Local large) for a four traits. And parents (Aguadolce) and (PO6-OO1FB / FL) for the two traits. The results also showed a significant special effects of the ability to unite in the direction desired hybrid (PO6-OO1FB /FL × PO6-OO9FB/ FL) The effects of federal own ability and moral direction desirable for sixteen recipe. And Hybrid (PO6-O11FB /FL × PO6-O14FB/ FL) The effects of the ability of the private union desired direction for the twelve traits. And hybrids (PO6-OO2FB /FL × PO6-O13FB /FL) and (PO6-O13FB/ FL ×Syrian Local large) and (PO6-OO3FB/ FL × PO6-O14FB/ FL) . The effects of union ability is desired direction for eleven traits. And Hybrid (PO6-OO1FB/ FL × PO6-OO2FB /FL) and (PO6-OO3FB /FL × PO6-O14FB/ FL) The effects of federal own ability desirable direction for ten traits. And Hybrid (PO6-OO2FB/ FL × PO6-O11FB/ FL) and (PO6-OO2FB/ FL ×Aguadolce), and (PO6-OO3FB /FL × PO6-OO5FB /FL) and (PO6-OO3FB/ FL ×Aguadolce), and (PO6-OO5FB/ FL ×SyrianLocallarge) and (PO6-O11FB /FL ×Aguadolce), and (PO6-O13FB /FL ×Aguadolce), and (SyrianLocallarge ×Aguadolce)The effects the ability of the private union desired direction for eight traits.

A field experiment was carried out during the 2012-2013 winter season, In the Department of field crops - College of Agriculture University of Tikrit, in order to determine the response dill crop. Anethum gravelens L. for some farm operations and their impact on the characteristics of yield. The experiment study of the effect of different levels of organic fertilizer are (0,2,4,6 ton. D ) and four seed rates are ( 4,8,12,16 kg.d) . The experiment carried out within the system of testing the factorial experiment has been used according to random complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three blocks. Considered statistically analyzed the data according to the design of each practice and experience compared to averages of transactions on the basis of test least significant difference 5% Level of moral study results showed that. No significant differences compost levels and rates of seed for each of the following characteristics: number Alnurah per plant (Nora .nbat) and number of seeds for Nora key but Gath significant differences of organic fertilizer as it gave Samadhi level (6 Tun.dunm) the highest rate of 3.39 grams of weight thousand seed also gave seed rate (4 Cgm.dunm) the highest rate reached 3.05 g, also gave levels above the highest value for the recipe holds the seeds reached Cgm.h totaled 775.1 740.6 Cgm.h -1 and -1, respectively, compared to the treatment.

The study was conducted in Agriculture college station of study the effect of soil cover and transplant date on yield growth of cauliflower two hybrids, the experiment included three factors, the first was kinds of cover: yellow,black,wood sawdust and without covering ,the second factor transplant date:1/10 and 10/10, the third factor the hybrids of cauliflower: Sold snow& Organza .
The experiment was carried out using a split-plot with the application of the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and analyzed the results statistically and compared to rates of transactions by multiple borders Duncan test at probability of 0.05, outperformed the treatment coverage in the Yellow blacetk recipe plant height, reaching an average 54.608 cm, compared with less rate where it was 47.350 cm. And the length of the curd which averaged 9.233 cm compared to the lowest rate, which stood at 7.933 cm , excelled while treatment coverage Black Polyethylene in the character of the total production, which was an average of 6.176 ton / hector, compared with less rate, which it was4.973 ton / hector for treatment of comparison , Outweigh transplanting the first 1/10 in recipes vegetative growth (plant height, leaf area), which amounted to (55.950 cm, 228.83 cm2.Leaf).(also got an increase in quality-winning recipes ( height the curd , curd diameter), which amounted to(9.683 cm, 11.941 cm) for the same time in arow, respectively, showed no significant differences for hybrids used in the studied traits.

This Study was Carried out in the Lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscap in the faculty of Agriclture - University of Kirkuk , during the Period frome 1/4 - 1/10/2016 ,To Study Response Olive Cultivars (Sourani –Picual) (Olea europea L.) The enriched Soil Bioassay Nitroxin and Barvar in Some Recipes Vegetative growth , The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in accordance with the randomized design Complete (R.C.B.D) , 216 elected Seedlings in a homogeneous growth and life as much as Possible , the experience included the added ground Nitroxin and Barvar three (0,100 and 200)mg.L -1 , the Picual Vaviertes had significant in Crease in (Plant hight , Stem dimeter and length root ) wich was (12.74 cm and 0.29 mm and 15.23 cm ) Respectively and the Sorani Vaviestes had Signifecant in Crease in (Chlorophell Coutan of Leaves, and Nitroxin Persentage wich was ( 72.46 mg.L-1 and 4.440% ) . The addition of Nitroxin led to significant in Crease in (Plant hight , stem direter , Chlorophell Coutant of Leaves , root lenghth and Nitrogen percentage ) in the others sids the Barvar fertilizing led to significant in Crease in (Plant hight , stem dimeter and roots length).

This study was done by immersion of Potato tubers cv. Marfona in three concentrations of garlic extract (0, 3 and 6%) and three concentrations of dill seeds extract (0, 3 and 6 gm.L-1) in addition to the combinations between the treatments for ten minutes to investigate their effect on some storability parameters of tubers. The samples were stored for 4 month at 5 ± 1 ºC, and 65-75% relative humidity in labs of food industry department/ technical college of applied science - Hajabja. The results indicated that an significant increase in total solids and decrease in starch ratio and tubers hardness due to immersion in 6% of garlic extract, beside that immersing tubers in 3% of garlic extract significantly increase TSS compared with control. Immersing of potato tubers in 3 and 6 gm.L-1 of dill seeds extract had a significant effect in reducing moisture and starch percentage and increase total solids in tubers. Total solids in potato tubers treated with 6% of garlic extract + 3 gm.L-1 of dill seeds extract was significantly higher than other interaction treatments.

This study was conducted at the experimental field of vegetables of the Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape Design/ College of Agriculture and Forestry / Mosul University, during the growing season 2013-2014 to investigate the effects of three factors: the first factor two planting dates the 21st. of July and the 21st. of August, the second factor the effects of adding three organic fertilizers i.e. poultry manufactured manure (Italpollina 100kg/1000m2), rotten sheep manure (60m3/he.), mixture of the previous poultry and sheep manure at half amount of the previous rates for both of them as compared with chemical fertilizer which is added to the recommended of standard the Iraqi ministry of agriculture the third factor was the addition of humic acid (pow humus with high concentration of potassium) at 3ml/liter added to soil and Zero concentration. The results showed that plant produced from the first planting date and fertilized with chemical fertilizer and humic acid were superior significantly in root diameter (cm), mean root weight and its total yield (ton/ha.), mean root weight of marketable yield (gm) and its total yield (ton/ha.) root weight of marketable yield (ton/ha.). planting dates did not show any significant effect on root content of betonine pigment whereas, fertilized with poultry manure and humic acid increased significantly in a root content of betonine pigment . Nitrate content in roots were significantly increased in root produced from second planting date and fertilized with chemical fertilizer and humic acid.

This study was conducted to determind some alkaloids in Atropa belladonna L. plant by multiplication of nodes cultured on MS medium supplemented different concentreations of BA (0.0, 0.25,0.5 , 0.75, 0.1 ) mg/l, shoots produced in vitro cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA or IAA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0,1.5, 2.0) for rooting, Then determined some alkaloids in multiple nodes or roots such as Atropine, Hyoscyamine Sulfate, Scopolamine, Tropine. Data refers that highest shoots number 7.00 mg/l shoot/explant achieved from cultered nodes on MS medium supplemented with 0.75 mg/l BA after 8 weeks. Shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA gave highest roots number 51.30 root/explant from cultered shoots on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l IBA after 4 weeks. Highest concentrations of Atropine (0.09) mg/g at retention time (3.564) with detected area of (22.6) obtained from roots sample at treatment 1.5 mg/l IBA, Where as highest concentrations of Hyoscyamine Sulfate (0.10) mg/g at retention time (3.508) with detected area of (24.8) obtained from roots sample at treatment 2.0 mg/l IBA, And this treatment gave highest concentrations of Tropine (0.32) mg/g at retention time (2.914) with detected area of (59.0), highest concentrations of Scopolamine (0.07) mg/g at retention time (3.892) with detected area of (17.7) obtained from roots sample at treatment 0.5 mg/l IBA.

This study was conducted in the College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad laboratories, in order to increase the solubility of the decomposition of fish protein cake provided for feeding ruminants. The study included three transactions: the first is the treatment of fresh fish powder (comparison treatment T1), the second is to treat self-decomposition (T2) to take advantage of enzymes self-analyst found naturally within the lysosomes Lysosomes within the cellular components using different periods of self-degradable (h) is 1, 2.3, 4 and 24 hours from the beginning of decomposition, the third treatment (T3) is the treatment of SBM used in digestion experiment to compare the degree of decomposition of dry matter and organic diets for ruminants that use soy protein or fish powder dissolved self. The use of fish cheap price supplier of local markets known as Zori, Abu Chrizh or Khushani, results showed Altllat self-cake fish increase in nitrogen dissolved total with original protein ratio (P <0.05) for a period of decomposition 4 and 24 hours from the beginning of the treatment of the self-decomposition, where amounted to 2.19% and 2.91% compared with the ratio of nitrogen dissolved for the treatment of comparison of thickness is dissolved or after 1, 2.3 hours from the beginning of decomposition, reaching 1.05, 1.09, 1.09 and 1.5 (%), respectively. As it outperformed my paperwork cake powder fish decaying for 24 hours and SBM (P <0.01) in the digestion of organic matter to the experience of digestion in vitro compared with cake fish untreated plants or is the exhibition of self-degradable, reaching 85.36%, 87.89% compared with 76.33% on respectively.

Our study included know effect of corn silk at different concentrations to not formation kidney stones by measuring some biochemical concentrations in white rats serum ,the results showed the concentration 5ml of corn silk reduces the magnesium concentration afew percent with high Significant P ≤ 0.05 concentration of urea and globulen and lower Significant P ≤ 0.05 both creatinen and albumin and total protein while the effect above did not appeared on calcium level , and the effect of corn silk 10ml concentration appeared by decrease Significant P ≤ 0.05 magnesium level by less the 5ml concentration with high concentrations of creatinen and albumin and total protein.

This study was conducted in poultry farm of the general authority of agriculture research in Alrashidia during 2012 on 280 day old white unsexed quail chicks reared under standard conditions for 14 days of age. At 3rd week start the checks distributed randomly to 4 treatments of 2 replicate each of 20 chicks. the control treatment fed standard ration and water ad libitum for 23 hours during the experiment period. while treatments 2,3,4 ware fed 6,9,12 hours daily respectively during the 3,4 week of age, While these feeding during the late period in 5,6 week of age in the treatments 5,6,7 . the result showed insignificant difference between early and late period for find body weight and total mortality also there was no significant difference within restriction level in final body weight, there was significant decrease in total mortality at 9,12 hour compared to free and 6 hour treatment, there was no significant difference in interaction effect between restriction level and period in final body weight. there was significant decrease in treatments 4,5,6,7 in total mortality compared to treatments 2,3 . There was no significant decrease in total body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in the effect of restriction period and level and interaction between them, but there was significant decrease within the period effect in feed consumption during the late period compared to early period, within restriction effect and interaction between period and restriction level there was significant decrease in feed consumption. For all restriction levels and treatments compared to control. There was significant decrease within period effect between early and late restriction in carcass weight its parts edible giblets, abdominal fat, dressing percentage, in the effect of time restriction level there was significant increase in percentage of breast meat in 9 hour level compared to other levels . There was significant difference in percentage abdominal fat for 6,9 hour treatments compared to other levels, There was no significant difference in dressing percentage between 9,12 hour and control , While there was significant difference in dressing percentage for 6 hour treatment compared to other treatments, There was on significant difference in interaction effect between period and level of restriction in carcass weight and its parts , edible giblets , abdominal fat between all treatments. There was no significant difference in dressing percentage between all treatments compared to control treatment except 6 hours treatment which decreased from control.

This research was conducted in laboratories of (general company for the pharmaceutical industry-samarra) and the laboratories of the ministry of science and technology. in Baghdad from (6/2/2016 to 1/3/2016).
We used Awassi lambs' meat was taken from semitendinosus muscle bought from the local market in samarra city.
The meat was minced and mixed then divided into five treatments, the first one was control, without addition of cinnamon extract, While the other treatments was treated with (Cinnamon leaf alcohol extract) using two concentrations at 2% (treatment 2) spraying method) treatment 3 (dipping method) and other concentration of 4%( treatment 4) (spraying method) and treatment 5 (dipping method) . then storage until analysis, the results were recorded a decreasing significant (p<0.05)in moisture content(71.85)% for treatment 2 (spraying). while control treatment gave a higher moisture content (73.20)%. Also, treatment 5 (4% dipping) recoded a higher significant differences in protein content (18%) compared with control (16.95)%.
Control treatment was recorded a higher significant (p<0.05) in fat content (8.67)% compared with other treatments . There were no significant differences in ash content among treatments.
Treatment 2(2% spraying) was recorded higher significant(p<0.05) in water holding capacity (23.55)% and decreased significant(p<0.05) in cooking loss (25.09)% and thaw loss (7.50)% compared with the other treatments .and also treatment 2 (2% spraying) gave a clearly improvement in both tenderness and general acceptable than the other treatments, control treatment was recorded a decreased significant in flavor and juiciness traits than other treatments.

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted in Sheep and Goat Research Station Belonging to Public Authority for Agricultural Research in Abu Ghrib (20 km from Baghdad) for the period 1/6/2015 to 30/8/2015, and use of 21 Cypriot goats aged 1.5-2 years old and weighing 35-54 kg. goats were divided randomly into three groups (7 goats each group) The first group was considered control group and second group was given 30 ml / per animal from 3-Omega and third group was given 45 ml / per animal from 3-Omega. for the purpose of knowing the effect of omega- 3 on milk production and some thermoregulatory responses
The results showed a significant effect for supplementation of omega -3 in the production of milk goats within months' experience, It overtook third -treatment was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) during the first week for the months of June ( 1385.71 g ) and August ( 842.86 g ) The fourth week of the month of July ( 828.57 g ) the first group ( control) While not significantly different from the second group . The results of the present study also showed there were no significant effects of transactions between the breathing rate during the probationary period, While significant effect was found for the third treatment during the months of July and August ( ( 39.36 and ( 39.16 ) and second ( 39.20 ) and ( 39.01 m ° ) respectively In rectal temperature compared to the control treatment ( 38.94 ) and ( 38.89 ) ° C , Pulse rate results indicate a significant effect of treatment during the third month of July at a rate of 78.29 in comparison with control 74.14 while the disappearance of the effect of the rest periods experience.

A field experiment was conducted in Shwan plantation of the Agriculture Department of Kirkuk for the season 2015 to determine the effect of method, position & level of phosphate fertilizer on some characteristics of corn growth. A factorial experiment was conducted under the design of the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. This experiment included three factors three methods of applied phosphate fertilizer i.e.: (banding, to side and below seed line from one side and to side and below seed line from two sides) (M1, M2 and M3), respectively. three places to apply phosphate fertilizer at a distance (5, 10 and 15) cm from the seed (D1, D2 and D3) , respectively. three rate of phosphate fertilizer i.e. (65.5, 86 and 107.5) (Kg P. ha -1) (P1, P2 and P3) , respectively. the number of experimental plots is (81). The study showed the following results the best dry matter yield was for the stage 45 days where application method (M2) and (M3) recorded the highest values of (48.97, 48.55) g. plant-1, respectively. While for the placement factor, both (D2) and (D3) recorded the highest values of (49.02, 49.51) g. plant-1, respectively. there was no significant difference for the rate of application, the triple interaction between the factors (M3D3P3) has recorded the higher value of the dry matter (56.32) g. Plant -1. While the best clear increase in the yield dry matter at stage 75 days was in the case of using the method (M3), and when the distance was (D3), and at the rate of (P3). was reached (105.11, 105.85 and 106.48) g. plant-1 respectively. The interaction between the three factors (M3D3P3) was recorded higher yield of the dry matter (118) g. plant-1. As for the plant height, the method of application fertilizer M3, the placement of application fertilizer D3, and the rate of applied P3 and the treatment of triple interaction (M3P3D3) had recorded higher average value of plant height that reached (181.00, 181.07, 182.88 and 188.66 cm) respectively. As for the side of the fork to the roots of maize has given method (M3), the highest value of the side of the fork to the roots and was (42.92 cm), and record the position of added (D3), the highest value was (42.37 cm) The effect of added level recorded the highest value at the level of (P3) and reached (43.07 cm), while the value of the triple overlap between the transactions has given the overlap (M3D3P3) as the highest values reached (47.00 cm).

Field experiment was carried out at the experimental station of soil and water resources department, college of Agriculture, Tikrit university. located at 34°40 49 and 43° 38 40 longitudes and 129m above sea level.to determine the consumptive use of Corn (zea mays L.) under different irrigation levels and deficit irrigation condition in a gypsifereous soil. The experiment was conducted with a split plot design. The main plots consist of three irrigation levels I1,I2 and I3(irrigation after 25, 50 and 75% after the available water depletion respectively). While sub plots consist of deficit irrigation treatment d0,d1, d2,d3,d3 and d4 (omitting two irrigations at (seedling , vegetative growth , flowering and grain maturity plant growth stages respectively. Corn seeds variety :Cadz were planted on 20/7/2013 for fall season and harvested at the end of growing season on 15/11/2013.Highst consumptive use value was 624.3mm for I1 d0 treatment. While the least consumptive use for I3 d3 was 554.2 mm .Maximum consumptive use was recorded at the vegetative growth stage of the treatment I1d0 212.7mm.

A field experiment was conducted to study effect of using three irrigation methods: drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and surface irrigation (furrow irrigation) potato root in soil profile of disruption a gypsiterous soil during growth stage of potato crop at the Experimental Research station of Soil science and Water Resources Department, College of Agriculture Tikrit University. The experiment was carried out with a complete block design and four replicates. Potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) Dazry variety were sown on. for spring season2014. Root weight density were measured during the growth stage in soil profile. the result showed that:
Root weight density (RWD) in the drip irrigation (DI) was the biggest during different growth stages of the plant These values were 1.77 mg cm-3 followed by sprinkler irrigation (SI) and furrow irrigation (FI) 1.39 and 1.3 mg cm-3 for the treatments.
RWD values were the highest in sprinkler irrigation (SI) for 0-5 cm depth. The values were 0.66 mg cm-3 these values were the biggest for depth of 5-10 cm depth in drip irrigation (DI) The values were 0.92 mg cm-3 and for 10-15 and 15-20 cm depth in FI The values were 0.51 and 0.63 mg cm-3 respectively.

A field survey was conducted in Tikrit University - Salah Al-din governorate to Isolate and Identify Mycorrhizal Fungi spores from 6 Location different in Soil Texture , Chemical , physical and Fertility Characteristics , in College of Agriculture in 2014, included (10) different plants families, the total number of samples was (25) contained plant root and there surrounding soil (Rhizosphere) the Genera and Species of mycorrhizal fungi Isolated from all studied regions were (Glomus mossea , G. intradeces , Gigaspora sp. , Entrophospora sp., Acoulospora sp.) The results shown:- That Glomus genus was the most common in all of the studied regions and the second Genus Entrophospora sp. and thence Acoulospora sp., while Gigaspora sp. was the less common, The maximum spores account of mycorrhizal fungi in sandy loam soil surrounding Onion plants , and then Sand Soil (less and high gypsiferous) surrounding Corn plants , while the minimum spores recorded in the Loamy sand Soil surrounding Alfalfa plants ,The result of gel electrophoreses proved that the Extraction DNA method was very appropriate to get the concentration and purity for amplification gene with PCR technique, The result of gel electrophoreses with primer AML1 showed that we can differential between Mycorrhizal fungi Genera by PCR technique.

The study aims to investigate the response of corn (Variety Veto) to different levels of Magnesium and Potassium fertilizers in calcareous soil. A field experiment was conducted during The Season 2015 at north of Iraq /Irbil . The experiment was designed as(RCBD) with two factors. The first was magnesium fertilizer which was added at four levels (0,60,120,180 kg mg.ha-1)as Magnesium sulfate (Mgso4.7H2o) .while The second factor was Potassium fertilizer was added at four levels (0,80,160,240 kg k.ha-1) as potassium sulfate (K2so4). Addition of Mg and K-fertilizer significantly increased dry weight .The highest value of dry weight was at Mg3K2 (22.37 g.plant-1) Results indicated That application of Mg and K-fertilizers significantly increased the grain yield .The percentage of increase were 22.27% , 39.56% and 20.22% at levels Mg1 ,Mg2 and Mg3 respectively compared with control Mg0 the effect of K-fertilizer was significant and the percentage of increase compared with control K0 were 33.61% , 54.35% and 50.65% at levels K1 ,K2 and K3 respectively . The highest value of grain yield was at Mg2K2(5544.16 Kg.ha-1) The increase in grain yield was mainly due to the number of grain .cob-1 and secondly to the weight of 100 grains.

Laboratory experiments were conducted for vegetable salad samples which contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus , E.coli ,and Giardia lamblia . These samples were exposured to Lazer (diod of 800 nm w length) and UV( of 245 nm w. length) , for specific intervals for the aim to know the fate of these microorganisms in order to be sure for the safety of this kind of food , which considered as a dangerous pathways for the consumer health. The contaminated salad samples were exposed to Laser and UV rays for up to 5 and 25 minutes intervals respectively. Bacterial and parasite viable cells were detected in the exposure samples by the plate count method. The results shown that there is a 100 % and 99.7 % reduction of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria viable cell that exposed to five minutes Lazer and 25 minutes UV rays respectively . However, E.coli bacteria reductions were less affected by these rays .As shown with 5 minutes laser and 25 minutes UV exposure intervals , the reductions were 97.6 % and 96.7 % respectively. Giardia lamblia parasite, also shown 100 % and 91.4 % reduction for the same exposure time with laser and UV rays respectively

Seventeen wild fungal isolates were tested for kojic acid production, nine of them were found kojic acid producer (53%), and the 4a isolate was the highest producer of kojic acid. Which diagnosed using microscopic procedure and at molecular level (using the internal transitional spacer ITS 1,4) and found to be A. oryzae and sequences of ITS were 548 sequences. Surface liquid cultures fermentation was used for determination of the optimal conditions for kojic acid production which were found to be, 8 days of fermentation period, pH 6 at 30 ˚C and at 100 g/L glucose as a carbon source, 2.5 g/L yeast extract and 0.1 g/L ammonium nitrate as nitrogen sources and 1 g/L disodium phosphate or potassium dihydrogene phosphate and with occasional shaking for four hours a day at 150 round/min. The isolate produced 60 g/L of kojic acid at yield of 0.78 g of kojic acid from 1 g glucose. Decreasing the added yeast extract to the production media to the lowest amount and commutating it by adding an inorganic nitrogen source caused an increase in the yield of kojic acid crystals to 58.28 %, the purified kojic acid isolated crystals gave 95% of correspondence ratio to the standard kojic acid crystals when they analyzed by using infrared spectroscopy.

The Results showed the chemical composition of protein isolated from lentil, chickpea and mung bean that have been obtained from the local markets of Kirkuk city agricultural season 2014-2015, using the upper extraction at pH 9.5, has been arranged at the point of the electric tie 4.5=pH the moisture content (4.90, 3.05, 2.90) % and ash content (2.50, 3.36, 2.30)% and protein content (82.37, 76.12, 79.37)% and the percentage of carbohydrates (10.23, 17.47, 14.53)% respectively. The results of estimate the solubility of the protein isolate when hydrogen figures ranging between (2-10) high printability when these figures hydrogen radical when hydrogen figures 10, 2 and you are a prima maximum when the number 10 where he (75, 73, 72) % and the lowest at pH and the values reached (7.20, 10.30, 9.00) respectively. The capacity Water absorption (1.9, 1.6 , 1.8) ml water ∕ gm of protein, fat absorption and portability (1.8, 2.1, 1.75) ml fat∕ gm of protein and emulsifying capacity and stability as reached (6.57, 14.28, 5.84)% respectively , while the stability of the emulsion was (97.36, 97.14, 98.21)% respectively. The study gave his best foam at different hydrogen figures included (4, 5, 6,7) the lowest power to foam at the number 4 ( 1.75. 3.75, 3.28)% and maximum values when the figure 7 ( 7.07, 12.76, 13.02)% respectively. The vegetable foam high at all times careless (2-0) and all samples under study showed the results of measuring the viscosity at different degrees of heat included (20, 30,40) C◦, it was (1.4)cp for the three samples isolated protein under study with a decrease in viscosity with a high degree of heat reaching (0.6, 0.86. 0.71) cp at a temperature of 40 C◦ respectively.

This study was conducted to prepare edible packing materials at thin bee wax, bee wax with benzoic acid (1.2g benzoic acid / liter water) and Carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) to keeping food samples of yellow Apple, tomato, local soft cheese and beef at a temperature of 25 º and show the effects on the total counts of bacteria and fungi after storage for one-month period.
Results showed that the packing with bees wax or bee wax with benzoic acid was effect in inhibiting of microbial growth of bacteria and fungi in food samples in the study. The total count of bacteria in Apple was decreased during storage at fourth week to 6-5 CFU/g respectively. And the total count of fungi at 16 and 0.0, CFU/g respectively while the total count of bacteria and fungi at 50 and 8 CFU/g respectively when packaging with CMC agent compared with the treatment of control 650 and 50 CFU/g, respectively. The total counts of both bacteria and fungi contaminated of tomato coated in bee wax or it's added with acid was decreased significantly than in case of packaging with CMC agent for fruits in control treatment. In the case of cheese samples, the coated them with bees wax were caused for the fungi and bacteria count with the spoilage period at 65 and 26 CFU/g respectively in the second week, and when its adding the benzoic acid were at third week was became at 10 and 11 CFU/g. while in the first week when coated with CMC became at 7 and 2 CFU/g respectively compared with its total counts in control treatment at first week which was at 43 and 17 CFU/g respectively. The beef samples which coated with bee wax or it's within acid were became spoilage at the second week of storage and the total counts of bacterial and fungal were at 210, 12 and 5, 7CFU respectively. And
were became spoilage in the first week that’s coated with CMC at counts 5 and 0.0 CFU/g compared with control treatment in the first week which was at 10 and 0.0 CFU/g respectively.

The study was conducted in the laboratory of graduate studies in the Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tikrit and laboratories Faculty of Education, University of Kirkuk, in order to detect the presence of Biogenic amines formed in some sausages types deployed, which included 28 model them using LC-mass device. And make the diagnosis of bacterial species and distinguish them producing the types of Biogenic amines (histamine and Tyramine and Cadaverine and Tryptamine) by estimating concentrations produced in vitro after the development of microbial isolates in food product sterile environment .In addition to the study of health effects in the effectiveness of liver enzymes Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase and the level of immunoglobulins species IgG, IgM and IgA and IgE in laboratory rabbits. Results show for contamination of samples Alsusij vital amine at 13 sample rate (46.4%) of the total samples. The most biogenic amines were contaminated of sausages, canned fish and cheeses samples are the histamine and Tyramine. Insulation results and diagnosis of microbial bacterial species producing Biogenic amines as shown in for contamination Sausages sampled two types Gram positive bacteria of Lactobacillus They (Lactobacillus plantrum. And .Lactobacillus acidophilus) and four bacterial species of Gram positive bacteria of Staphylococcus and Steptococcus species ( Steptococcus .Pyogenes and Staphylococcus. aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis) and four isolates of Gram negative bacteria types of species (Klebsiella oxytoca and Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter diversus and Pseudomonas fluorescens) .
The results also showed the influence of laboratory rabbits orally dosage from three concentrations of biogenic amines at 25 and 50 µg/ml in a significantly reduction (P<0.05) on Liver enzymes and immune globulins in serum, They were increased obtained in the activities of serum enzymes (AST) Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase ALP measured with all animals groups and all types of biogenic amines concentrations used in the experiment. Also the orally dosage of biogenic amines was so impact effects on the concentration of immune globulins of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE species in laboratory rabbits, depending on concentration and type them but all at 50 µg/ml was influence in increased the all immune globulins in serum for laboratory animals.

This study included laboratory evaluation of the effect of aqueous extract of Artemisia herba-alba leaves and aqueous extract of Peganum harmala seeds and fungal filtrates of A.niger and mixture of them against female and second stage juveniles of root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica isolated from the roots of Solanum melongena. The results showed a difference in effectiveness of water extracts and fungal filtrate depending on concentration and duration of exposure. It was found that the concentration 10% for the extract of of Artemisia herba-alba leaves and aqueous extract of Peganum harmala seeds and mixture of them best in eliminating the largest number of female second stage juveniles of root knot nematode as ratios amounted to murder 100% after 24 hours while the least influence is the concentration 1% of aqueous extract of Artemisia herba-alba leaves amounting ratios murder for each of the female and second stage juveniles of root knot nematode 62.7% and 81%, respectively after 120 hours. When using fungal filtrates of A.niger it founded that the best concentration is 25% with percentage of killings 100% after 48 hours and the least influential is the concentration of 5%, with the percentage of murder for females 51.3% after 120 hours. When using a mixture of aqueous extract of Artemisia herba-alba leaves and aqueous extract of Peganum harmala seeds and fungal filtrates of A.niger it was found that he best concentration to the elimination of female and second stage juveniles of root knot nematode is 8% and 10%, with rates amounted to murder 100% after 24 hours either the least impact is the concentration 2%, with the percentage of murder for females 57.3 after 120 hours and the percentage of murder for of second stage juveniles of root knot nematode is100% after 96 hours.

The results of the field study in the Mosul forests during season 2012 and 2013 showed the effect of species and direction for some forest trees namely , Populus euphratica , P.nigra , P.deltoides and Salix acmophylla ,Rhobinia pseudoacacia and Eucalyptus camaldulensis to population density of aphid , Chaitophorus euphraticus H.The appearance of adults one trees started of the mid of April in Mosul forest and extended to the mid of November , while the nymph of aphid showed a small number during the first week of May at an average temperature of 21.2 and 19.2 C0 , relative humidity of 63.5 and 62.0 % respectively, then increased to reach a maximum during the first week of June with average reached 31.026, 32,815 ,21.234,23.316 ,18.986,20,634,7.835,8.579 ,3,09 ,4.84 and 1.297 , 2.228 insect / leaf , respectively , at average temperature of 32.70 , 32.20 and relative humidity of 28.32 , 28.0 % for both seasons , respectively. Thereafter, nymph numbers began to decrease to reach a minimum at average temperature of 16.1 , 15. 0 and relative humidity of 65.7 , 71.0 % during the first week of November . This results showed that the higher average for the number of nymph and adults were on the trees, P.euphratica , P.nigra and P.deltoids , while the lower average obtained on Salix acmophylla , Rhobinia pseudoacacia and Eucalyptus camaldulensis for both seasons of this study. 14.82, 16.02 ,, 11.68 , 12.89,, and 10.12 , 11.17 5.33 , 5.94 , 2.15 , 3.08, and 0.47, 0.77, The study has also shown a significant correlation between temperature and numbers of insect and non significant with relative humidity generally , Poplar species and direction did affect on the population density of aphid and the insects preferred eastern and northern side's for feeding. Statistical analysis indicated superiority for the euphratic poplar species in the average number of the insects which have reached 14.82 and 16.04 insect /leaf however, the lower average of the insects was noticed on the eucalyptus trees which reached 0.47 and 0.77 insect / leaf, respectively.

The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge level of tomato farmers with recommendation Foliar Fertilization at Al-Alam district/Salah Aldeen province, and to determine it in each Inspect, and investigate the relationship of Knowledge level with some independent variables, The research included (50) farmers as a random sample from the population of research. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data using interview methods. The result was found that knowledge level of tomato farmers was medium, and below in number of fertilization domain. A positive significant correlation with (0.05) between level knowledge and all of independent variable studied included. The research recommended the interest of tomato's farmers with provide their with applied Extension agricultural information about Foliar Fertilization.

The research aims to determine the size of the problems facing worker in the agricultural extension in Kirkuk province, and to find the correlation among the size of those problems and some personal variables for agricultural extension workers, as well as those problems in descending order according to the order of the viewpoint of agricultural extension agents. A data were collected by questionnaire consistent two parts . the first part of which some of the personal variables of the extension agents were the ( age, gender, educational level , experience, work place, job satisfaction, the attitude towards extension work) while ensuring the second part (30) items is each of them is a problem facing agricultural extension agents in their field.
The research covered all agricultural extension agents working in center of Kirkuk province , totaling (45) extension agents , used many statistical methods to analyze the data as ( average, law Pearson, Law Spearman, and ( t ) test .
The results showed that the problems size of extension work is medium –big , as there were significant correlation among the size of the problems and most studied variables . Lack of material and financial incentives problem ranked first among the problems facing worker in the agricultural extension in Kirkuk province . The researcher recommends the need to solve the problems of the workers by the cultivation of agriculture and secure the possibilities that help workers to carry out their duties more efficient.

The research aimed to determining awareness level of cattle breeders in certain regions of Nineveh Governorate with common diseases between human and animal, then to determine the relationship between awareness and some breeder's characteristics, and also to identify the veterinary problems facing the breeders, and their suggestions to save them. The research sample consisted of 97 breeders representing 5% of the total populations. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisted of three parts, the first part included some characteristics of the breeders, while the second part included 30 items to measure the breeders awareness and the third part included questions concerning the veterinary problems and suggestions. The results showed that there is a great deficiency in breeders awareness and significant correlation was found between awareness of the breeders and years of experience, and full-time job of the breeders , while no correlation was found with age ,years of education ,size of animal holding ,sources of veterinary information ,also the results indicated some veterinary problems and suggestions.

This study aimed to determine level of awareness of workers in Agricultural extension of control of agriculture pesticides in Slah- Aldeen governorate, and determine variance between level of workers Awareness with some personal variables.
The study included all Agricultural workers in Agricultural extension which equaled with (14) agricultural sections. randomized sample choose by several stages with (50%) from agricultural sections which sized of (7) sections, then a sample choose by stratified sample of these workers in these sections by (129) workers sized (66) respondent.
A questionnaire used as a tool for data collecting by to parts. the first part is to get to measuring some variables (age, gender, getting study, years service, information Source, attitude, the second part included (48) phrase for measuring level of awareness of the workers. the reliability measured by Cronbach's Alpha method which is (0.86). The result showed that the level of awareness of those respondent was medium to high.
The researchers recommendation that performance of specific servers using agricultural chemicals as pesticide for workers of agricultural extension to be formed as a scientific material by specific teaching to get the subject particular importance equaled to importance of human which is the first aim, and giving all practical to make these specific training successfully.

The potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) of important crops, is important because it has a high nutritional value and contains a high proportion of carbohydrates, protein, fiber and many other nutrients for humans useful, a profitable economic crops for higher prices in the global and domestic markets and the increasing demand for consumption, the remains of potato tubers are used as feed for animals.
Addressed in this study show potato crop response in Iraq by adopting the cultivated area as a dependent factor, either independent factors are the domestic price of the crop and the area earlier and productivity for the year prior to the year and price risk and production risk factor of time, for the period ((2014-1990 show that there are fluctuations and clear cultivated area, it was applied regression function of linear formula, and the formula for semi Logarithm, the formula semi Logarithm flipped, and formula-double to Logarithm, and choose from the best functions to represent studied the relationship based on the best results obtained in terms of standard statistical tests, and compliance with economic logic.
The basic problem for the potato crop in Iraq, in the palaces of the domestic production shortfall in need of consumers, leading to Iraq to import quantities of the crop to fill the shortfall in the production down.
The state resorted to in many years to focus on the price factor as a catalyst mainly for the purpose of increasing production and increasing productivity policy, as long as the pricing policies need to know the elasticities of price and supply knowledge of the factors affecting the supply part of the factors that require knowledge for the purposes of planning, hence the importance of conducting more studies and research, including the study in order to identify the most important factors affecting Al presentation spaces and thus the production of this crop.
And show us the impact area of previous years on the cultivated area was positive and moral as well as for the price of the crop of previous years has a positive and moral significant impact on increasing the acreage of this crop, while the productivity of previous years was its effect positive and not significant, as well as for price and productivity for risk was the impact negative and positive any farmers the ability to carry around and it was time positive effect on the moral and cultivated crop area.
This study aims at estimating the response display potato crop and analysis at the country level models.