Sport culture

The research aimed to: Building a scale of psychological defense mechanisms for officers of the Salah al-Din Governorate Police Command practicing sports activities, identifying the level of psychological defense mechanisms and the level of performance efficiency for Salah al-Din Police Command officers practicing sports activities, identifying the relationship between psychological defense mechanisms and performance efficiency for Salah al-Din police officers practicing sports activities, and the researcher used The descriptive approach with the two methods (survey and correlation relationships) for their suitability The nature of the research, and the research community identified the police officers in the Salah al-Din Governorate Police Command who practiced sports activities in (8) districts for the sports season (2023-2024), which numbered (290) officers, and the researcher built the scale according to the steps of building scientific standards, and the data was processed through the statistical bag (SPSS).), and the study found the possibility of evaluating the psychological defense mechanisms of Salah al-Din Governorate Police Command officers practicing sports activities through the scale that has been built, among Salah al-Din Police Command officers practicing sports activities have a high level of psychological defense mechanisms, and a good level of performance efficiency, and there is a positive relationship between the variables.

The research aimed to identify the effect of the three-step interview strategy and visual thinking in learning the skills of dribbling and handling in football for students aged 11-12 years. The experimental method was used, and the research sample was selected from fifth grade primary school students, numbering (24) students. It was concluded that The exercises prepared according to the three-step interview strategy and visual thinking in football have a positive and effective impact on teaching the skills of dribbling and handling in football, and a number of recommendations have been reached

The study aimed to identify listening to life and its relationship to psychological immunity among a sample of female track and field athletes. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of correlational relationships. As for the research sample, it was chosen from the female students of the first stage at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Diyala, who numbered (30) students. The researcher adopted the enjoyment of life scale that was prepared by (Iman, 2020) and also adopted the psychological immunity scale that was prepared by (Abu Halima, 2022), At the conclusion of the research, the researcher found a significant correlation between the Listening to Life Scale and the Psychological Immunity Scale among a sample of female track and field players. The researcher reached the most important recommendations, which are applying the Enjoyment of Life Scale and the Psychological Immunity Scale to female team players.

The higher research aims to prepare Zumba exercises and find out their effect on the level of psychological stress, the rise and fall of the hormone cortisol in the athlete’s body, and the effective achievement of the high jump. To achieve this goal, the training curriculum was adopted in a single group design with two pre- and post-tests. The sample population was represented by elite high jumpers from the junior female category. There are (5) female players. The research variables were identified, which were (psychological stress exercises, cortisol levels in the blood), and pre-tests were conducted on the experimental research sample. After obtaining the results, homogeneity and equivalence were conducted on the research sample, and the curriculum-specific exercises were applied for a period of (8) weeks at a rate of (3) units per week. The one. After applying the exercises prepared by the researchers, we began to conduct the post-tests and adopted the statistical program (SPSS). After obtaining the results, the researchers concluded that Zumba exercises have a role in improving the achievement of the effectiveness of high jumping, and this is what was shown by the results of the variables in the post-test

The study aimed to: Preparing teaching plans according to the developed Kohlberg model in learning a number of basic basketball skills for students, Identify the impact of the developed Kohlberg model in learning a number of basic basketball skills for students, Identify the advantage of the developed Kohlberg model and the method used to learn a number of basic basketball skills for students, The researcher used the experimental approach with the design of two experimental and control groups, and the research community was determined from the students of the first stage, the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kirkuk for the academic year 2023-2024, which numbered (120) students, and the research sample was determined by lottery and amounted to (40) students, two control and experimental groups, relied on some skill tests and they designed teaching plans to reach results that serve the objectives of the research, and they processed data through the statistical program (SPSS), The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are: The results showed the superiority of the experimental group that was trained using the developed Kohlberg model over the control group that used traditional methods & Basic basketball skills improved significantly in the experimental group thanks to training based on individual practice, feedback, and a focus on practical understanding.

The problem of the current research lies in answering the following question:
- What is the quality level of performance of physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate from the point of view of technical supervisors?
The study aims to:
- Identifying the level of performance quality among physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate from the point of view of technical supervisors.
- Identifying the difference between the sample level and the level of the measure of the quality of performance of physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate from the point of view of the technical supervisors.
The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method. He identified the research community as teachers of sports and scouting activities in Salah al-Din Governorate. The researcher used the scale designed by (Mohamed Khalil Ibrahim, 2022) in order to identify the level of quality of performance of physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate. The raw data was obtained, which the researcher processed statistically using the statistical package (spss. 25) according to what the results require and serve the research objectives.
In his study, the researcher reached a number of results, which are:
1- Physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate have a level of mastery in the quality of performance that is higher than the hypothetical level of the scale.
2- There is an ability among physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate to increase and develop the level of quality of performance.

Football is one of the most popular and followed events in the world, as success requires a high level of physical performance and endurance. The study aims to assess the physiological condition of the players of Al-Kadhimiya Football Club during the final competition period, using the Polar device, and analyze its relationship to the level of physical performance. The sample included 10 players from the first team that participated in the first division finals of the year (2023/2024), as the physiological data were recorded over four weeks.
The study relied on indicators provided by the Polar device, including maximum heart rate (Max HR), energy expended (calories), and exercise intensity, these indicators were recorded on a daily basis during exercises and matches, without the need for additional physical tests.
The results showed that players who showed stability in the maximum heart rate with moderate energy consumption and balanced vigorous exercise performance achieved better performance levels during the exercises. In contrast, players who were exposed to an irregular rise in physiological indicators recorded less stable performance, indicating the impact of physical and physiological stress on their ability to compete.
The study confirmed the effectiveness of the Polar device in providing accurate and rapid data about the physiological state, which helps trainers make informed decisions about the management of the training load during competitions. The research recommends employing this technique regularly to analyze performance and monitor physical condition, with a focus on balancing the intensity of exercise and recovery periods.
This study is an important step towards promoting the use of wearable technologies to evaluate and improve athletic performance in actual competitive environments.

The research aimed to know the effect of suggested rehabilitation exercises preceded by electrical stimulation on some physical abilities of people with hemiplegia resulting from stroke, aged (50-60) years, the researcher used the experimental design with one group with two tests, pre and post, to suit it with the nature of the research, and the research sample was chosen by the intentional method from the patients present in the Specialized Steps of Life Clinic in Kirkuk Governorate, whose number is (8) patients, because the research sample is of those with lateral hemiplegia. About the stroke, which lasted for a period ranging between 6-10 days, in addition to that, all the members of the research sample were those who had a stroke for the first time, and their participation in the research was according to their desire and will, as the research sample of (8) patients, representing (100 %).

The need for manufacturing devices in the field of sports sciences is evident, and biomechanics is one of the sciences that has taken the largest and most accurate share in manufacturing devices that give accurate readings within biomechanical laws. There are those that are portable with the player's performance and those that are fixed. Video recording of the skill is very important to monitor the multiple stages of some games or sports events, and the use of more than one camera adds a lot of effort and costs to the researcher. This is evident in some track and field events that take long distances and have multiple stages that require more than one camera to analyze and photograph. The importance of this research emerged through the manufacture of a device with a tracking camera that follows the player throughout the performance to replace one or more cameras to cover all stages of the event for some track and field events. One player from Afak Sports Club in Diwaniyah Governorate was selected and given (3) attempts. The performance was filmed from the moment the approach run started until the end of the event with a tracking camera that works with (Pixy2) technology connected to an Arduino to control a high-capacity motor that moves the device on a 100-meter-long track with a camera on it. The results were compared with the filming that coincided with the performance through two fixed cameras. All the cameras were at high speeds (120 images/second). A number of kinematic variables were adopted, including the average length of the approach steps, the time of the last step, the length of the last step, the elbow angle, the angle of the trunk inclination, the knee angle of the fixing leg, and the height of the center of mass of the body in the throwing position. It was found that the tracking camera is better than the fixed camera in focal perpendicularity to the horizontal level of the performance, and extracting the angles of the player's body in the level appearing in front of the camera.

The study aimed to learn about the impact of the recreational program on the psychological aspects of achieving psychological compatibility among retirees, and to design a recreational program suitable for retirees, demonstrating the importance of investing leisure time among retirees to benefit them psychologically and physically.
In order to achieve the study\'s objectives, the quasi-experimental curriculum was used: the approach that is predominantly based on the study of human phenomena as they are in nature without human intervention or is defined as the study of the relationship between two variables on what they actually are without control of variables.
The study was conducted in Nineveh governorate, through the application of a sports recreational program to a sample of two control and experimental groups. The sample will be chosen from a deliberate manner consisting of 50 retired people, from Nineveh governorates who were divided into two groups each consisting of 25 individuals. The study reached a set of findings; The main ones are the absence of statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the level of psychological compatibility of tribal application, and the existence of statistically significant differences between the average scores of tribal and postgraduate applications of the experimental group in the level of personal compatibility of retiree\'s members of the study sample. The study also made some recommendations; The most important are training pensioners, on how to increase their psychological compatibility, and providing psychological care programs for retirees with the participation of their families.

The aim of the research was to:
Identify the level of self-confidence among Physical Education and Sports Science students.
Identify the level of sports fears among Physical Education and Sports Science students.
Investigate the relationship between self-confidence and sports fears among Physical Education and Sports Science students.
The descriptive method with a correlational approach was used due to its suitability for the nature of the research.
The research community consisted of Physical Education and Sports Science students for the academic year 2023-2024, totaling 150 students, all from the first-year cohort. A total of 35 students were excluded for the purpose of a pilot study, leaving a research sample of 115 students, which represented 76.66% of the total sample. The researchers used the following statistical tools: percentage, mean, standard deviation, mode, Pearson correlation coefficient, and skewness coefficient.

The study aims to:
1- Build a scale for implicit intelligence among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
2- Identify the differences in implicit intelligence among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
The researchers assumed the existence of significant differences in implicit intelligence among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method and correlational relationships for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research community included students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year (2022-2023), with (158) male and female students. The research procedures were implemented on them as a sample for construction and application. The construction sample amounted to (100) students. The implicit intelligence scale was distributed to them, and (10) students were excluded for participating in the exploratory experiment. (67) correct answers to the scale were approved. As for the application sample, it amounted to (45) students. The researchers used statistical methods, including (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), standard error, and Spearman-Brown equation).

Posture is one of the most important goals that the physical education lesson seeks to achieve because of its great importance in achieving physical health and thus positively reflects on his school and social life and grows in a balanced psychological health because of the negative effects of posture deformities on the psyche of the child suffering from one of the apparent deformities, and the deformities also hinder the child\'s movement as there is a close relationship between the growth rates of natural curvatures in the spine and the mechanics of the body\'s work. The research aims to prepare rehabilitation exercises to correct cervical concavity deformity for students aged (6-9) years and to know the effect of these exercises.
The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research problem. The research sample consisted of (24) students. The sample was previously selected by conducting a survey of postural deformities on the students to enable the researchers to select the students with the largest deformity. The researcher used measurement and testing as means of collecting data. The measurements included body mass, body length, and spinal curvature test (for cervical concavity). The exercises were distributed over (12) weeks at a rate of three training units per week. The training time was (43-57) minutes.
The researcher concluded the following:
1-There were significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group in all research variables measured in degrees and centimeters in favor of the post-test.
2-The development rates of the experimental group were in a positive direction and greatly exceeded the development rates of the control group.
3- The development rates of the age group (8-9) years were the best developed groups in correcting the targeted postural deformities, followed by the age group (7-8) years degree and finally the age group (6-7) years.

The study aimed to build a scale of human resources investment for workers in the Ministry of Youth and Sports and the preparation of a measure of job creativity for workers in the Ministry of Youth and Sports and identify the reality of human resources investment in the Ministry of Youth and Sports, and identify the reality of job creativity in the Ministry of Youth and Sports, and identify the relationship between human resources investment and job creativity in the Ministry of Youth and Sports, and the research problem was to note the decline of some departments in the interest in their human resources and their intellectual capital capable of innovation and creativity.
The second chapter was devoted to theoretical and previous studies, while the third chapter was used by the researcher descriptive approach methods of survey studies and correlations This is what fits with the nature of the current study and included the research community on the staff of the Ministry of Youth and Sports departments (Department of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Regions and Governorates Affairs) and the number of (781) employees has been selected research sample randomly by lottery and the number of (205) employees and represented for (26.25%), and divided the sample of the exploratory experience (15) employees and sample Construction.

The study aimed to develop “R.H.E” hopping exercises, a type of repetitive jumping exercise categorized under plyometric training. These exercises were specifically modified and used to enhance both static and dynamic balance. The exercises include forward jumping, square-shaped jumping, side-to-side jumping, forward and backward jumping, zigzag jumping, and figure-eight jumping (in the shape of the English numeral 8). These exercises were performed using assisting tools, enabling precise execution through calibrated intensity and guided by a review of previous studies to determine the optimal form and performance techniques for improving balance and preventing ankle sprain injuries.
The researcher employed the experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample was deliberately selected from the youth handball team of Baghdad Karkh First Directorate of Education, consisting of seven players. Exploratory and main trials were conducted, followed by the implementation of a training curriculum spanning two months with three training sessions per week, totaling 24 sessions. All participants underwent the same exercises and intensity levels. Upon completing the program, post-tests were conducted, and the collected data were statistically analyzed. The findings led the researcher to the following conclusions:
•R.H.E exercises using assisting tools effectively improved and enhanced the static balance of the youth handball players in the study sample.
•R.H.E exercises using assisting tools effectively improved and enhanced the dynamic balance of the youth handball players in the study sample.

The study aimed to:
1- Design a training program for the harmonic capabilities of volleyball players for applicants in Salah al-Din.
2- Knowing the effect of the differences in the training program on some consensual capabilities and their effect on the level of offensive skills for volleyball players in Salah al- Din .
The researcher used the experimental approach to design a propoach to design a proposed for some consensual capabilities and offensive skills in volleyball and the researcher used the single experimental group and the pre and post measurement , and the sample of the research was from (12) players in the province of Salahudin ,and through the results the researcher concluded that practicing the qualifying program it has a positive impact on improving and developing components of harmonic capabilities and offensive skills in volleyball , in addition to that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurements of the research sample in the components of harmonic capabilities and satirical skills in volleyball, with rates of progress between the pre and post measurements, the harmonic abilities ranged between ( 56,384-and 27,586) and the offensive skills also ranged between ( 15,77-7,964) and in favor of the post dimension

The objectives of the research were to identify the level of psychological fitness and mental alertness among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Ain University, Iraq, to identify the nature of the relationship between psychological fitness and mental alertness among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Ain University, Iraq. The research hypothesis was the existence of a statistically significant correlation between psychological fitness and mental alertness among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Ain University, Iraq. The research methodology used was the correlational relations method. The research community consisted of fourth-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Ain University, Iraq for the academic year (2023-2024). The number of students reached (215) male and female students, and they were selected by the comprehensive inventory method. The research sample was selected from the original research community by the random method, which amounted to (200) male and female students and (15) male and female students representing the exploratory experiment sample, where the most important conclusions were the existence of a significant correlation between psychological fitness and mental alertness among fourth-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Ain University, Iraq Attention and focus will enhance the student's role in increasing Psychological flexibility and the ability to control one's psychological abilities to solve problems. The most important recommendations were the necessity of paying attention to psychological fitness and mental alertness by teachers because they play an important role in achieving positive results for students, providing appropriate conditions for students through psychological, social and educational support in raising the level of mental alertness and psychological fitness

Interactive games have become an essential part of children\'s lives in the modern era, combining entertainment with physical activity. This research aims to study the impact of the interactive game \"PlayStation Move\" on improving muscular strength, flexibility, and heart rate in children to determine its effectiveness as an educational and physical tool.
The research problem lies in understanding the effect of \"PlayStation Move\" on these three variables compared to traditional physical activities. The objectives are to:
1. Explore the impact of \"PlayStation Move\" on muscular strength.
2. Evaluate the effect of \"PlayStation Move\" on children\'s flexibility.
3. Study the impact of \"PlayStation Move\" on heart rate at rest and after physical activity.
The study utilized an experimental methodology, involving 40 children aged 8-12 years, divided into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group used \"PlayStation Move\" for 8 weeks, while the control group continued with their usual activities. Muscular strength was measured using a dynamometer and the sit-up test, flexibility was measured using the sit-and-reach test, and heart rate was measured using a pulse meter.
Results indicated that interactive games \"PlayStation Move\" significantly improved muscular strength and flexibility, and reduced heart rate at rest and after physical activity in the experimental group compared to the control group.

The research aims to identify knowledge management and information technology and its impact on developing the work of administrative leaders in accordance with the requirements of the sports institution in professional clubs in five-a-side football by identifying (the reality of the application of knowledge management among administrative leaders in sports clubs, the dimensions of knowledge management in sports clubs, the administrative skills of administrative leaders In sports clubs, the researcher used the descriptive information and distribute it to the employees so that it becomes knowledge. The club has information approach. The researcher selected a deliberate sample of (60) from each (club president, administration director, secretary, futsal team supervisor) from (15) club participants in the professional futsal league. One of the most important results was (the club has individuals who have the ability to solve problems related to its work based on their experience and competence. The club determines the training needs of the club’s employees. Incentives lead to raising the level of loyalty and belonging among the club’s employees. The club uses meetings to transform technology that keeps pace with everything new in the world.

Swimming is practiced in an environment that is different from what humans live in, which is the aquatic environment, which requires research and investigation to find means through which these variables can be inferred using means used inside the water. From here, the research problem emerged using a device to identify and infer the force exerted by the athlete or swimmer inside the water through a patented designed device and its relationship to the achievement of the breaststroke and butterfly swimming. A problem emerged and from here the research problem emerged in using a new innovative means through which these forces of the two types of butterfly and breaststroke swimming can be inferred inside the water in a realistic way with the same form and performance of the actual movement in the water and identifying their relationship to the achievement and whether the force has a relationship between the achievement and more importantly is to put a quantitative amount of the force produced by each type of these swimming. The research objectives were to use a device to infer the best result of the highest driving force for the time of the butterfly and breaststroke events of 50 m and their relationship to achievement. As for the research methodology, the researcher used the descriptive method using the survey and correlation methods. The research sample was intentional and represented by the swimmers of the Iraqi youth team, numbering (6) swimmers. The results indicated that strength has an effect on the level of achievement.

This study aims to develop the offensive skills of modern goalkeepers through (MODERN GOAL PLAYER) training, as their role is no longer limited to saving shots but has expanded to include building attacks and supporting the team tactically. The training focuses on:
•Team integration: Involving the goalkeeper in team training to enhance coordination.
•Passing improvement: Developing precise passing skills with both short and long passes.
•Pressure handling: Strengthening the goalkeeper’s ability to manage the ball quickly and confidently under pressure.
•Calculated risk-taking: Training the goalkeeper to leave the penalty area and contribute to offensive plays.
•Positioning and game reading: Enhancing positioning and decision-making during attacks.
•Defense communication: Improving coordination with players to ensure attack continuity.
•Tactical adaptation: Using technological analysis to improve performance and understand team tactics.
These trainings enhance the goalkeeper’s role as an effective offensive player, helping them adapt to modern playing styles and increasing their impact on the flow of the game.

The importance of the research lies in providing those concerned with sports training, especially football, with an easy test that guarantees the player's ability to perform complex offensive skill performance in football for attackers. The objectives of the research were: 1- Design and standardize a complex offensive skill performance test in football for youth. 2- Find levels and standards for evaluating complex offensive skill performance in football for youth in Diyala. The most important conclusions were: 1- The test designed by the researcher is able to reveal the level of complex offensive skill performance in football for youth. 2- The research sample was distributed into four levels in ascending order (acceptable, average, good, very good). The researcher recommended adopting the current test as a means of revealing the level of complex offensive skill performance in football for youth, emphasizing the importance of developing complex offensive skill performance in football for youth because it constitutes a possibility for performing the rest of the skills, especially the offensive ones

The aim of the research is to identify the scoring accuracy analysis for the Iraqi national team players in the 2026 World Cup qualifiers. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method based on observation and analysis of the 2026 World Cup qualifiers and the number of matches (4) matches.
The researchers used a special form to unload the data to analyze the accuracy of scoring from all sides, and after analyzing all the matches and collecting the data, the researcher unloaded it and classified it in its final form for statistical processing. And then he began analyzing the matches on 3/11/2024, which coincides with Friday, and the implementation of the main experiment on the experimental research sample took a period of (10 days), and the results showed non-significant differences.

The research aims to:
-Identify the differences in the percentages of distances Covered by the goalkeepers of the Golden Square teams of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
The research hypothesis was:
-There are statistically significant differences in the percentages of distances traveled by the goalkeepers of the Golden Square of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
The research sample included the goalkeepers of the teams that reached the Golden Square of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, which are (Morocco, Croatia, France, Argentina), as the statistics of the goalkeepers of these teams were relied upon in all their matches in the tournament except for the final match.
The researchers concluded from the results the following:
-There is a convergence in the distances covered by the goalkeepers of the teams in the semi-finals of the 2022 FIFA World Cup
The researchers recommend:
-Clubs should be interested in developing training programs for goalkeepers that focus on improving physical performance in general, due to its importance in raising the level of performance.

The research aims to identify the possession percentages between the teams of the Golden Square of the World Cup in football (2022), and the researchers assumed the existence of non-statistically significant differences in the possession percentages between the teams in the semi-finals of the World Cup in football (2022(, and used The descriptive approach was based on the causal comparison method due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The research sample was chosen in a deliberate manner, represented by the Golden Square teams of the World Cup (2022) , who numbered (4) teams. The possession percentages were determined through the International Federation for Analysis Program, and the research used the arithmetic mean. , standard deviation, and one-way analysis of variance as statistical methods, and the researchers reached the following conclusions:
- There is difference in the possession percentages between the teams of semi-finals the World Cup (2022).
- Argentina team is win in the possession percentages
In light of the aforementioned conclusions, the research recommends the following:
- Emphasis on using these statistics while training the teams participating in the World Cup tournaments because of their great importance.
- for football coaches to pay attention to important statistics and follow them, the most important of which are balls
- possession percentage and to conduct studies on other statistics provided by FIFA websites to enrich the offices and provide writing opportunities for researchers

Preparing special adaptation exercises to meet the requirements of competition (S.A.I.D) for football players aged (16-18) years during the special preparation phase, as well as identifying the effect of special adaptation exercises to meet the requirements of competition (S.A.I. D) In developing the level of some functional variables among members of the research sample, the researcher assumed that there were significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-measurements in heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation level (VE), and the amount of oxygen consumed during the recovery period. (EPOC), And oxygen deficiency, and in favor of the post-measurement results among individuals in the research sample.
To achieve the objectives of the study, the experimental approach was used in a single group design with two pre- and post-tests because it suits the nature of the research and is considered the best method for achieving the research objectives and hypotheses. Through it, accurate results are reached. The research community was chosen intentionally and was represented by Al-Sulaikh Sports Club players, the youth category, registered with the Central Iraqi Football Federation. Iraqi football season 2022/2023, and the research sample amounted to (10) players out of 25 players, forming an estimated percentage (33.333%).

The researchers touched on the educational process that contributes to the learning process through the use of one of the means of motor learning, which is Claire's strategy, which contributes to the development of the level of skill performance of the horse jumping task, which is one of the aids that work to acquire and transfer the motor experience of the learner. The aim of the study is to know the extent to which the use of Claire's strategy affects the development of skill performance for horse jumping. The researchers used the experimental approach to suit the research sample. The research sample of the (5) students of the Open Educational College in Baghdad with one group with pre and post-test , and the most important conclusions were:
1. The appropriateness of using Claire's strategy, which contributed to the development of skillful performance in jumping on the horse.
2. A positive impact of Claire's strategy in developing the jumping stages of the horse jumping event used.

In the introduction to the research and its importance, the researchers touched on the rehabilitation program through the use of the shockwave device in order to improve the motor efficiency of the shoulder joint when disabled in wheelchairs because this joint has a great role for people with disabilities on wheelchairs because it is the main axis in the mobility of people with disabilities on mobile mobility. The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the rehabilitation program using shockwaves in improving the motor efficiency of people with disabilities on wheelchairs. The researchers used the experimental approach, the research eye was damaged from (8) for disabled players in the Paralympic Committee in Diyala Governorate, which has a unitary group with pre and post-test. The most important conclusions were:
• The rehabilitation program prepared using shock waves contributed to improving the motor efficiency of the shoulder joint with disabilities on wheelchairs.
• The shockwave device enhanced the work of the rehabilitation program in improving the motor range of people with disabilities on wheelchairs.

The research aims to prepare complex exercises according to some visual perceptions for handball players aged (17-19) years. The researchers assumed that complex exercises prepared according to some visual perceptions develop tactical thinking in handball. The researchers used the experimental method with two experimental and control groups with two tests (pre- and post-tests) to suit the nature of the current research problem. The original research community was represented by young players in Salah al-Din Governorate aged (17-19) years for the 2023/2024 sports season, represented by (4) clubs, namely (Salah al-Din - Al-Dour - Tuz Khurmatu - Al-Masafi). After completing the pre- and post-tests, the researchers collected the data and processed it statistically using the statistical package (SPSS). Through the results obtained by the researchers and after processing them statistically, the results reached showed the superiority of the experimental group that trained using complex exercises according to some visual perceptions, as the percentage witnessed High development in tactical thinking when compared to the control group, and this leads to the effectiveness of these exercises in handball, and through the conclusions reached by the researchers, they recommend the necessity of the coaches’ interest in conducting periodic tests in order to identify the level of tactical thinking among handball players.