Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

A Field experiment was conducted on silty clay soil at Abu-Garak district – Babylon governorate in winter season of 2009 – 2010 to study the effect of application of two iron fertilizers (FeSO4 and FeEDDHA) and two fertilization methods (viz, soil and foliar application) on growth , yield and it’s components of broad bean (Vicia faba L. ) local vary. A Factorial experiment was used a randomized complete block design with four replicates.
The results showed that application of both fertilizers significantly increased plant height, number of branches, number of pods/plant, weight of 100 seeds and wet and dry yield. Using FeEDDHA as a chelated source statistically increased all plant parameters as compared with inorganic source as FeSO4.
Also, the results revealed that foliar application method was superior by giving higher value of plant parameters as compared with soil application method.
The results suggested that Vicia faba showed a good response to iron fertilization either as chelating or as inorganic source comparing to control treatment. With respect the, foliar application method was the best.

Two experiments was conducted at two locations,the first in AL-Kufa locality , and the second at AL- Manathira locality during spring season 2010 to study the Effect of planting Dates and Spraying with (Humus)on some vegetative and quantitative characteristics and yield of sweet basil plant ˝Ocimum basilicum L˝.
The experiment contains twelve factorial treatments i.e. interaction between three planting dates (1/3/2010 ,15/3/2010 ,1/4/2010) and four concentrations of Humus fertilizer (0 , 2 , 4 and 6 ml .L¬¹) using three sprayers with 10 days each intervals . Complete randomized design was used with three replicates and using Duncan’s multiple range test probability of 0.05 was adopted to compare means .Results showed. : . 1. Growth characteristics and vegetative yield in : .
Planting farming in the first date (1/3/2010) was increased significantly in all vegetative characteristics compared with second planting date (15/3/2010) and (1/4/2010) , which gave the higher plant height , number of leaves and lateral branches ,leaf contents of total chlorophyll ,yield of dry weight and vegetative yield per unit area and the leaves content of Carbohydrates and protein soluble when compared to lower values produced the planting farming in the third date , in two locations , respectively
.
Concerning spraying plant with (6 ml.L¬¹) Humus fertilizer showed increasing significantly vegetative and quantitative characteristics ( plant height , number of leaves and lateral branches , total content of chlorophyll , yield of dry weight , vegetative yield per unit area and leaves content of carbohydrates and protein soluble control treatments , two locations, When compared with lower values in respectively

Field experiment was conducted in a private filed at Al-Latifiya at loamy soil, to study the effect of three levels of NPK fertilizer that added to the soil and spraying on potato plants, on some quality properties of tubers. Three levels of NPK were added to the soil, they were S1 (240-120-400), S2 (180-90-300) and S3 (120-60-200) Kg. NPK.h-1, respectively.Plants were sprayed with nutrient solution containing (3000-150-6000) mg.NPK.L-1, respectively, (two, four and six times). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications. At Percentages of dry weight, starch and protein were determined in tubers at maturity time.
Results showed that the addition of NPK to the soil only with S1 treatment increased the Percentage of dry weight and starch in the tubers compared with S2 and S3 treatments. The interaction between NPK added to the soil (S1) and spraying with the nutrient solution six times significantly affected in increasing the percentage of dry weight and starch in the tubers, which were 18.4 and 12.4%, respectively, compared with control treatment.

This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of two sources of potassium fertilizers (potassium chloride and potassium sulphate) in eight doses and 600 kg/ha1- of nitrogen and 160 kg/ha1- of phosphate fertilizer on growth and yield of tomato. Results can be summarized as follow :-
1- An increase in vegetative dry weight and fruit yield, with superior of 400 and 800kg\hu1- levels.
2- The increase in leaf potassium caused an increase of dry weight of the plants. The highest level of potassium resulted in highest in dry weight. Potassium sulphate, however can better results.
3- interaction between two source and levels of potassium was significant at 800 kg/ha1- of potassium and potassium sulphate over the other treatment .

Experiment was conducted in non-heated plastic houses unit of Agriculture College / Abughraib – Horticulture Department , to study the effect of organic nutrient Vit-org, and organic fertilizer extract for poultry dropping in growth and yield of tomato "Noura Cv.", using four concentrations (zero, 2,3,4ml/L H2O) of organic nutrient , and the concentrations (zero, 10,15,20 ml/L H20) of organic fertilizer extract. The plants had been sprayed until fully wet for five times, the first one was done after planting of seedling about (15) days, then repeated again for four times with intervals of (15) days.Results showed the superiority of plants treated with high concentration of organic nutrient Vit-org in increasing of plant height to 175.50 cm and 32 leaf each plant and leaf area to 5089cm2, the content of chlorophyll to 53.90 SPAD unit and dry weight to 103.06 gm/plant, those results accompanied with the superiority increasing the fruits number to 75.98 per plant with weight average of 82.26 gm with highest yield of 6250 gm per plant in addition to improvement of quality of fruit in acidity and the percentage of total soluble solids (T.S.S).

An experiment was conducted at Agriculture College / Kufa University during the growing season 2010 to study the effect of different levels of medium pH on vegetative growth and number of flowers of Portulaca grandiflda L. ,by using hydroponic culture . The experiment comprised six levels of pH ( i.e. 2.5 , 4.0 , 5.5 , 7.0 , 8.5 and 10.0) with eight replicates. Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used to analyze the results that based on probability of 5% . Least significant differences test (L.S.D). Was used to compare means the results showed significant effect of pH levels on the studied parameters. pH 7.0 showed significant increase on lateral branches, number of leaves, number of flowers and phosphorus percentage 8.5 branch. plant-1, 59.25 leaves , 6.25 flower. plant-1, 0.491% respectively. pH (5.5, 7.0 and 8.5) showed significant increase on plant height, total foliage dry weight percentage to total root dry weight, total leaf chlorophyll contents , carbohydrate contents and nitrogen percent compare to pH (2.5, 4.0 and 10.0) .

An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2009 under unheated plastic houses at the College of Agriculture- Basrah University. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of planting dates and seed soaking on yield of okra plant cv."local" .The experiment included 4 treatments were from the interaction among two planting dates (25/1 and 15/2) and two soaking seeds treatment (soaking seed in water for 24 hours or not soaked before seeding).Split-plot design was used at three replications. Duncan's multiple range test was used at probability level of 5%.Results could be summarized as follows: There were no significant effects of planting dates on pod weight and number/plant ,early yield and total yield kg/m2 whereas, plants sown on (25/1) decreased pod length compared with plant sown on 15/2. Soaking seed before seeding had significantly increased pod weight and length. Soaking seed before seeding increased early yield and total yield kg/m2 as much as (92.63 and 23.84%) compared to no soaking seed before seeding respectively, whereas soaking seeds had no significant on pod number/plant. The interaction between the factors had no effect on all characteristics.

Farm experiment was conducted on 2007- 2008 season in Al-Najaf government to study the effect of quality of water irrigation and potassium fertilization on vegetative , rooting and flowering growth characteristics of Miniature roses. Factorial experiment by two factors in Randomized block design were carried out , First is the irrigation water with three qualities Fresh river water , drainage water (Ec.7) and frequently irrigation , Once in river water and then drainage water , Second four levels of potassium sulfate (48% K2o) I.e. (0 , 4 , 8 and 12g. pot -1) .
Result showed that irrigation dwarf rose with river water and fertilization with potassium fertilizers increased significantly from vegetative growth (number of leaves and branches , dry weight for shoot and root , number of roots , total leaf content of chlorophyll , carbohydrates and potassium) compared with plant irrigation with salinity and non – fertilization of potassium which gave the least values .The irrigation dwarf rose with river water and fertilization with level (12g. pot -1) gave the high vegetative growth characteristics (number of leaves and branches, shoot dry weight and root and leaf content of total chlorophyll , flowering growth characteristics which gave the high number of flowers , carbohydrates and potassiumin leafs 20.0 flowers , 20183% , 2.676MeMo. L-1 compared with plant irrigation with salinity water and non – fertilization of potassium which gave the least values 2.66 flower. Plant -1, 1.596% , 1.496 MeMo. L-1 . The irrigation frequently irrigation fertilization the high level of potassium fertilizers (12g. pot -1) gave result to that vegetative , rooting and flowering growth characteristics . This produced reduced the use of water salinity to irrigation dwarf rose when water storage could be occurred .

A Field experiment was conducted in a private field at Al-Latifiya , in a loamy soil at autumn season 2009 , to study the effect of some organic fertilizers (Cows , sheep and chicken) remains at levels of 100% , 50% and 33.3% of each of added quantity (50) T.ha-1, on some growth properties of potato crop plant.
Three levels of mineral fertilizers were used , which were( 0 , 50% and 100%) of recommended fertilizer which was 240 – 120 – 400 kg NPK .ha-1respectively . Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications. At maturity, plant height was measured , plants at harvesteing , dry weight of vegetative parts was determined . Yield of tubers was calculated .
Results showed that, a significant increase in plant height , dry weight of vegetative parts and tubers yield , they were 94.57 cm , 7.67 T.ha-1 and 49.330 T,ha-1 respectively as a result of application of 50 T.ha-1 of chicken remains. Interaction between (33.3% cow + 33.3% sheep + 33.3% chicken) and 100% mineral fertilizer gave 99.7 cm , 10.102 T.ha-1 and 54.908 T.ha-1 of plant height , dry weight of vegetative parts and yield of tubers respectively.

A field experiment was conducted at Collage of Agriculture – Baghdad University in silty clay loam to investigate the effect of differend levels of nitrogen added to soil and foliar application of nitrogen , potassium and iron on Yield and growth of corn plants . A factorial experiment (RCBD) design were used including four levels of nitrogen (0,80 ,160 ,240) Kg N.ha-1 added to soil and foliar application of nitrogen at level 4000 mg N.L-1 , potassium at level 3000 mg K.L-1 and iron at level 100 mg Fe.L -1 . Also 75 Kg P.ha-1 and 200 Kg K.ha-1 was added to all treatment .
Result showed : All investigated parameters were Significantly increased as nitrogen levels increased till N3 the increases as compared to N0 were 61.82 % , 105.62 % , 30.59 % and 57.51 % to dry matter weight , grain yield , weight of 500 grains and number of grains in spike respectively . Also foliar fertilizers application gave significant increases than unfertilized treatment to all parameters the highst increases was at F NKFe treatment the increases were 12.63 % , 19.09 % , 15.90 % and 15.77 % to the above parameters respectively . The interaction ( N3 + F NKFe ) gave the highest values of all studied parameters than other treatments the increases were 84.74 % in dry weight , 155.80 % in grains yield , 55.01 % in weight of 500 grains and 86.56 % in number of grains in spike as compared with unfertilized treatment .

4,Yousef-1,Lagmarb-1 and Aristan/3/) introduced from ICARDA in addition to the loca
l growing variety, UmRabeeh were sown at Mosul and Telefar locations in four rows
for each entry. The length of the row was 2.4 m with 15 cm between rows. Three
seeding rates were used (120,140,160 kg/ha). The traits studied were number of days
to 50% flowering, plant height, spike length, number of grains /spike, number of
spikes/m ,biogical yield , grain yield, harvest index,1000-grain weight and protein
percentage.Entries were significantly different for all the traits . The entry Aristan/3/
was higher than the others for the number of grains /spike and harvest index,where as
the entry Berch-1 was charaterized by short plants and the higher value of spike length
and protein percentage. UmRabee was better than the others for the less number of
days to 50% flowering, number of spikes/m,biological yield, grain yield and protein
percentage.The interaction between entries and locations was significant for all the
traits except for the number of spikes/m, while the interations between seeding
rates,entries and locations were not significant for all the traits. Genetic variance
values as a ratio from the phenotypic variance were high for spike length, number of
grains/spike, biological yield and grain yield.

A field trial was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture , University of Baghdad, Iraq during two winter seasons (2004-2005 and2005 -2006). The objective was to investigate the effect of water quality on the performance of two different bread wheat cultivars at physiological maturity, grain filling duration and effective filling period of grain .Water quality was assigned in the main plots and the cultivars (Mexipak and Abu Ghraib 3) in the sub plots. The electrical conductivity of river water was (1.2 , 1.4) ds/m and for well water was (2.8 ,3.2)ds/m for both seasons. The results showed high effects of water quality on grain growth characters. The cultivars were different in the final weight of grain . The cultivar Mexipak gave 35.5 , 35.3 mg / grain and Abu Ghraib 3 (36.1 , 34.2) mg/grain in both seasons. The cultivar Mexipak was more stable than Abu – Ghraib3 in this character and there was no difference between these two cultivars at physiologic maturity , grain filling duration and effective filling period. The results also showed high effect of water quality on characters under study. The plots that irrigated from river needed 36 – 40 days to reach the physiological maturity , grain filling duration and that irrigated by salinized well water needed 26 - 28 days to reach these stages in both seasons. The effective filling periods began at the first week of flowering and pollination in the plants that irrigated from well water and began at the second week when river water was used. The interaction between two studied factors showed that the cultivars were affected by the quality of water, and that the well saline water shortened grain filling duration, physiologic maturity , effective filling period by about 14 - 16 days compared with the plants irrigated from river water.
المفتاح:
EFP = Effective Filling Period , PME = Estimated Date of Physiological Maturity
PMA = Actual Date of Physiological Maturity

The experiment was conducted in the laboratory , College of science , Babylon University in 2004 to investigate the effect of three concentrations (1% , 2% and 3%) of aqueous extracts from each plants of Trigonclla foenum-graecum L.and Anthum graveolens L. on percentage seed germination , percent coefficient of velocity of germination , length and dry weight of shoot and root systems and chlorophyll , protein , carbohydrate content of leaves of three plants (T.astivum L. , R. raphanistrum L. , L.temulentum L.) in soil and Petri dishes cultures .
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates as factorial experiment of four factors . Least significant differences was used to compare means at 5% level . Results were indicated that soil culture appeare highly effect in the studied parameters while there was not significant differences between T.foenum-gracum L. and A . graveolens L . extracts in all studied parameters .
The concentration 3% appear more effect than ( 1% , 2% ) concentration in all studied parameters and in both two cultures . The percent of germination , the percent coefficient of velocity of germination , and both root and shoot lengths were inhibited while chlorophyll , carbohydrate , protein content in leaves and dry weight of root and shoot systems were increased with increasing the concentration of the two extracts from 1% to 3% in all types of plants and in both of soil and Petri dishes cultures.

In order to evaluate and classified the water of Euphrates river , field drainage, Well water and Main out fall in Babylon covernorate- A triplicate water samples were taken from each kind on Feb.2010 and analyzed for EC, TSS, pH, Ca+2 , Mg+2 , Na+ , SO4-2 , Cl- , HCO3 - .
The results indicated that samples represented river water and drainage classified as within a class C3S1 , while the rest samples classified as in C4S2 and C4S3 According to Richards ,1954 .
According to Ayers and Westcott , 1985 all kinds of water are classified within slight to moderate saline water and do not cause any problems.
At the same time all samples consider as moderate saline water (Rhoades et al., 1992) .
According to Zhang, 2009 river water classified as in class 3 (fair) while other kinds in class 5 (very poor).

The studied area ( Al-Kifill City ) is located on the main road between Babylon and Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf governorates. The area is about ( 346.653 ) km² and the geographic coordinates is longitude ( 32º 27׳ 00״ – 32º 11׳ 00״) and latitude ( 44º 29׳ 00״ - 44º 20׳ 30״).
The hydrochemical study for Al-Kifill area is performed on ( 17 ) wells selected in different locations of the territory. Many of the villages within studied area suffered from water scarcity, especially in the summer season cause reduction in agricultural activity .
The result of the study shows that groundwater level is noted between (17-19) m during dry season and (12.5-15) m during wet season.
The chemical analysis of groundwater is made. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) is between ( 1500 – 30000 ) μ .s/cm during dry season and between ( 1300 – 25000 ) μ .s/cm during wet season. The value of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is between ( 1200 – 19000 ) ppm during dry season and between ( 900 – 18000 ) ppm during wet season .
The regional trend of groundwater movement in the studied area is generally towards the southwest in the wet season and the northeast in the dry season.
The groundwater in the studied area is generally not potable except for some types of industries, animal drinking, most types of crops and for building purposes.

The area of study was located sowth west of Iraq at 420 60- 5= longitude and 320 31- 20= latitude. A semi detailed soil survey was conducted using the freelance soil survey method . 250 auger holes and 14 soil profiles were digged and soils hase been described morphologically .
Soil samples have been collocted , soil texture and different chemical properties were examined . Soil map was analysed cartographically and geomorphologically , and land capability was evaluated .
Results indicated that the selected area can be described as upland with nearly level topography and simple slope from north to south , results also showed that there are 11 soil series which differ in area and frequency . Soil texture varies between sandy and sandy clay loam , it was noticed that percentage of clay was high in subsurface horizons which emphasized that the B horizon is dominates in most of the profiles in the studied area .
Soils of the area were characterized by a high content of CaCO3 with low contents of gypsum and organic mater . Soils were classified at the subgroups level : Lithic Haplargids , Calcic Paleargids , Typic Paleargids , Typic Torripsamments .
Result of land evaluation for productivity purpose results showed that ther are unsuitable , slightly sutable , moderately sutable and sutable lands for agriculture .

The study was conducted in advance plant pathology lab.griculture coll.- Kufa Uni. to evaluated efficiency of E. nidulans and A. terreus exudates on seeds and seedlings growth inhibition of L. rigidum and M. indicus compare with wheat from1/12/2009 to 1/3/2010 .The Study's factors showed significantly effect in reducing the germination percentage study's plants to 66.6, 65.1% in exudates of E. nidulans and A. terreus treatments respectively with no differ between them but they differ with control treatment (PSB media)100 %, to70.4, 83.1% in incubation periods 20, 10 day respectively compared with control treatment PSB medium (0 day)100%, and to 69.1, 83.8% in filtration and autoclaved sterilization methods respectively. The factor of plant species exhibited significantly effect when the germination percentage increased to 96.4% in wheat plants but it reduce to 78.7 in L. rigidum, and 62% in M. indicus .
The results indicated significantly effect of the same factors above in reducing shoot and root length and reducing dry weight of shoot and root .The factor of plant species showed decreasing of these growth markers in L. rigid and M. indices to(32 ,11cm,4.74, 6.21mg) and to( 2.8, 0.8 cm, 6.09, 3.10mg) respectively when increased to 5.9, 3.8 cm, 25.05,10.09mg respectively in wheat .
The interaction treatments of E. nidulans and A. terreus exudates with incubation periods 20 day and sterilization method filtration respectively distinguished significantly in reducing the germination percentage and growth markers of L. rigidum and M. indicus compared with them of wheat plant