Journal of Al-Ma'moon College

The research aims to use the Water Balance application, which relies on the global land data assimilation system for map preparation and data analysis. A number of water indicators (soil moisture, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, change in storage) were selected directly for the period (2000-2024). For application to Iraq, the research reviewed the definition of the application of water budgeting, database content, water flow indicators and analysis of trends, which depend on (WRI) data, and thus can adopt water budget data in Iraq, and the size of change as well as explore the possibilities of investing in the preparation and analysis of interactive maps. It was found that there was a change in the level of water storage, which changes according to the month based on the volume of precipitation, with a clear difference at varying rates, which requires monitoring it to take the necessary decision. The results of the research showed that the soil moisture reached (655) mm, with the exhaustion of 6 mm of stored water for the month of (February / 2000), while it reached (676) mm with the depletion of 9 mm of stored water for the month of (January / 2024), while the volume of precipitation for the year (January / 2000) amounted to 65 mm while it reached 6 mm in the year (January / 2024), and the results of the research also showed that the transpiration evaporation index recorded (30) mm in the year (February / 2000) while the year (February / 2024) reached 26 mm, and it was concluded in Discussing that the size of the change in storage amounted to 38 mm, for the year (January / 2000), while it reached -6 mm for the month of (January 2024).The research recommends the need to adopt interactive sites integrated with artificial intelligence, which are interested in this important information about water quantities, change in stocks, rates of depletion, depletion or packaging during the months of the year. The concerned authorities should take into account training on the analysis of these sites and the adoption of maps as they are of reliable significance to ensure smart management of water resources and monitor water changes for any region in Iraq.

The study aims to focus on the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on sustainable performance, then draw a set of conclusions and recommendations for solutions that can advance the College of Pharmacy at Al-Mustansiriya University by providing unique services and delivering them sustainably. The researcher employs Total Quality Management (TQM) as an independent variable encompassing dimensions (senior management, continuous improvement, customer focus, training, employee engagement, teamwork, strategic planning, supplier relationships, and process management). Sustainable performance is employed as a dependent dimension encompassing dimensions (economic performance, social performance, and environmental performance). The study was conducted at Al-Mustansiriya University/College of Pharmacy. The study relied on a descriptive analytical approach. The study concluded that Total Quality Management has a significant and statistically significant impact on sustainable performance at the overall level, as well as at the sub-variables that have a significant and statistically significant impact. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, including that the College of Pharmacy at Al-Mustansiriya University should pay additional attention to its senior management by implementing mechanisms and supporting long-term quality activities, facilitating the implementation of quality plans by providing the necessary resources. The college should also focus on continuous improvement, which will raise the level of total quality management. Its management must believe that continuous improvement leads to enhancing its competitive position among peer colleges and promoting a focus on strategic planning. This will increase its ability to provide information relevant to quality activities, ensuring the proper implementation of its vision and mission.
Keywords: Total Quality Management, Sustainable Performance.

The research aimed to find out whether there is a relationship between compliance with financial accounting practices and the growth of private enterprises in Iraq, noting that there is no empirical evidence to show that companies that adopt and comply with the Financial Transaction Reporting Guidelines benefit in terms of improved liquidity. Based on the above gap, this study examines the impact of financial accounting practices on the growth of private companies in Iraq and the relationship between financial accounting practices and sales growth, profits, and liquidity.
Quantitative research uses statistical analysis, as the population of this study was limited to private institutions that use accounting practices in one way or another in their business activities, and the study focused directly on the owners, managers, or account officers of private institutions in Iraq. The results of the statistical test revealed a statistically significant relationship and a strong significant correlation between compliance with the practice of financial accounting and the growth and development of businesses in Iraqi private companies. The results showed that there is a strong significant correlation and a statistically significant positive correlation between financial accounting practices and the growth of sales of private companies in Iraq.

This study explores the integration of human resources management and management information systems in enhancing institutional excellence at Al-Mustansiriyah University. It evaluates the impact of HR functions—such as recruitment, selection, planning, training, and development—on administrative performance. A questionnaire was distributed to 295 academic and administrative employees, and data were analyzed using multiple and stepwise regression

The basins of the Sagirmah region are located in the northeastern part of Iraq، within the Sulaymaniyah Governorate. The total area of the Sagirmah basins is approximately 352.2 km² out of the region's total area of 583.8 km². This study aims to shed light on the most important basins in the region، which consist of three main basins. The objective of the study is to conduct a geomorphological analysis of morphometric indicators based on the spatial resolution accuracy of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM – 30-meter SRTM)، using modern technologies such as remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)، along with their applications in morphometric analysis.
The importance of these basins lies in their significant water yield، which plays a crucial role in supporting the local population and development projects، particularly due to the presence of agricultural lands and human settlements. Through morphometric analysis and the application of relevant equations، it was found that the basins are classified as sixth-order according to Strahler’s classification. A degree of similarity in the characteristics of these basins was observed، indicating similar natural features across the region، including a homogeneous geological structure and rock exposures with weak resistance to geomorphological processes. The region is structurally complex and features numerous faults and fractures، which have contributed to the elliptical shape of the basins. Hypsometric analysis revealed that the basins are in the old age stage of the geomorphic cycle، indicating advanced erosion relative to the region's topography.

The movement of sand and sand dunes due to wind is one of the problems facing the research area, especially if it is not controlled. The movement of sand dunes creates problems for residential areas and roads if they are located in the direction of the wind. The area of sand dunes in the year 2000 reached about (224) km2, while in the year 2023 it reached about (373) km2. This variation in the two distributions reflects the extent to which the study area was affected by the change in wind speed and temperature rates recorded by the climate stations in the study area, as well as the lack of rainfall and the concentration of sand in the basin as well, in addition to the human factor that contributed to deepening this effect, which had a very large impact on increasing the actual value of the dune distribution and transporting large quantities of sand to an area that was not previously affected.

The research aims to study the "Role of Total Quality Management (TQM) in Improving Production Quality from the Perspective of Employees at Al-Zawra General Company for Electrical Industries in Baghdad, Iraq." The study adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology to measure the impact of TQM practices on production quality by collecting data from a sample of 120 employees from various production, technical, and administrative departments within the company. A questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool, focusing on four main areas: TQM practices, improving production quality, challenges related to TQM implementation, and suggestions for improving its application. The data were analyzed using various statistical methods, such as descriptive analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple variables. The results revealed that employees have a high awareness of the importance of TQM practices in improving production quality, as well as challenges in implementing these practices, with suggestions for improvement from the employees. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, with high results confirming the stability of the tool. This study provides valuable insights for enhancing the application of TQM in Iraqi industrial companies.:

This research aims to highlight the significance of cost customization based on product specifications by applying the Attributes Based Costing (ABC II) system. It explores its theoretical foundations and demonstrates how this system contributes to achieving customer satisfaction, particularly in highly competitive environments that threaten the sustainability of economic entities reliant on traditional costing systems, which fail to meet the demands of evolving markets. To validate the research hypothesis, the deductive approach was adopted for the theoretical framework, while the inductive approach was employed for the practical application. The study was implemented at the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries – Split Air Conditioners Plant, focusing on the Nasim Al-Rafidain Split (2-ton) air conditioner product. The ABC II system was applied to analyze customer satisfaction objectives, utilizing data collected from company records, field visits, and direct observations at the plant. The research concluded that applying the ABC II system enabled the decomposition of the product into distinct attributes, with independent cost allocation for each specification. This allowed management to identify value-adding specifications worthy of investment and those that drain resources without tangible benefits. Key recommendations include adopting ABC II as an effective alternative to traditional costing methods, as it objectively links the cost of each specification to its perceived value by customers. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for periodic customer satisfaction metrics to monitor product alignment with requirements and guide continuous improvement efforts.

This research aims to analyze the geopolitical dimensions of Iraq's debt, highlighting the impact of accumulated debts on Iraq's regional and international standing, as well as the independence of its political and economic decisions. The research starts from the premise that debt, in itself, is not merely an economic problem; its effects extend to include Iraq's national security, internal stability, and its ability to fully exercise its sovereignty.
The research examines the nature of Iraqi debt, both internal and external, and identifies the main creditors (states, international financial institutions, commercial banks). It analyzes how these debts can transform into a geopolitical pressure tool, influencing Iraq's foreign policy choices and sometimes imposing conditions that are not necessarily aligned with its supreme national interests. The study also discusses the impact of debt on Iraq's ability to rebuild its devastated infrastructure and provide basic services to its citizens, which can fuel internal instability and increase security challenges.
Furthermore, the research reviews potential scenarios for the future of Iraq's debt and the implications of each scenario on the geopolitical landscape. It concludes by offering recommendations on how to manage this debt in a way that minimizes its negative effects, enhances Iraq's geopolitical stability, and preserves its sovereignty and vital interests.

The phenomenon of violent extremism is one of the most prominent challenges facing societies and governments, especially those with political, economic and social problems. This challenge includes ways to combat and prevent violent extremism at the same time. Iraq witnessed many challenges after 2003, represented by the dominance of private interests at the expense of national identity, and the increase in hate speech and extremism at the expense of moderate discourse in its political and religious aspects. On this basis, the need for many national treatments to confront violent extremism emerged, starting with the family, which takes upon itself the responsibility of raising the individual and instilling the spirit of cooperation, respect for others, and acceptance of other opinions.

The study was based on an analysis of the natural characteristics of the region and an analysis of the hydrological characteristics of the basin. The results showed the presence of four geological formations. The topographic study showed that the elevations of the region ranged between (139-258) meters. The slope was analyzed according to the Zink classification, and it was found that there were four main types of slope in the study area, while the southern direction was the widest in terms of slope area, as it reached 6.91 km². The region is characterized by a hot, dry climate in the summer, with marked fluctuations in rainfall in the winter, which impacts the hydrological systems. A set of mathematical equations was used to calculate the hydrological characteristics of the valley, and the results showed that: The deceleration time was 3.2, the concentration time was 1.6, the discharge time was 0.4, the discharge volume was 3.4, and the flow velocity was 6.2. Meanwhile, the gradual rise in the flood flow was 1.1 and the gradual decline was 2.3. These results contribute to understanding the behavior of surface runoff within the valley, which enhances efforts to manage sustainable water resources in the region.

This study addresses the Kli Salat Valley Basin, Iocated in northern Iraq, in the eastern part of Erbil Governorate and the northern part of Sulaymaniyah Governorate, The aim of the study is to estimate the volume of surface runoff in the basin using the American model developed by the U.S Soil Conservation Service, known as the (SCS-CN) method, which is one of the most widely used methods for estimating surface runoff volume, this is due to the presence of several indicators, including the relationship between hydrological soil types and land cover classes used to assess the nature of the basin's surface in terms of permeability and elevation, The study relies on Geographic Information Systems(GIS), remote sensing techniques, and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which provide various scientific and mathematical methods for analyzing satellite imagery and integrating them to extract hydrological characteristics of surface runoff in the basin, Applying the (SCS-CN) model to the Salat Valley Basin revealed that it possesses hydrological conditions capable of generating runoff during rainfall events, Therefore, it was found that the basin experiences significant volumes of surface runoff.

This study statically investigates the temporal variation of rainfalls in Baghdad governorate over a period of 81 years (1937 - 2018) using the Cumulative Deviation approach. The results reveal a volatility and a significant decrease in rainfall amounts. These changes are mainly linked to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and greenhouse gases caused by human activities, that have contributed to global climate change. The study highlights the impact of these shifts on Baghdad’s hydrological patterns, particularly during the 1990s. The effects on water resources, agriculture, and infrastructure in the region are also examined.

Preparing the Generation of Victory and Empowerment (Gaza as a Model)This research highlights the importance of preparing a generation equipped for victory and empowerment by cultivating a holistic personality rooted in faith, awareness, and transformative capability. Gaza is presented as a living example of successful generational preparation, where spiritual education, political awareness, and resilience have enabled the community to withstand immense challenges.

The present study focuses on the semantic and cultural losses that occur when translating Arabic legal contracts into English. It discusses the meaning loss that happens because of the lack of some specific words in the target language and the cultural level that occurs because of the unfamiliarly of the TL culture with the Source Language cultural terms. The study has three aims: First, carrying out a translation assessment to the contracts translated to English in order to know the extent of the semantic and cultural losses resulted from the translation process. Second: Finding the reasons behind the semantic and cultural losses in the translation of the Arabic contracts into English. Third: Investigating translation strategies to avoid semantic and cultural losses in translating contracts. To achieve the above-mentioned aims, two hypotheses have been proposed: First: Cultural loss is likely to be more difficult to avoid than semantic loss in translating legal texts and contracts and Second: Adoption of some translation strategies can alleviate and avoid semantic and cultural losses in translating Arabic contracts into English. The results of this study show that semantic loss result from cases of mistranslation and literal translation whereas cultural losses result from the lack of cultural equivalence in the TL. It is recommended that translators of Arabic legal texts must exert efforts to avoid semantic and cultural losses by adopting some translation strategies.

The representation theory and character theory are very important in the group theory, A combination of (n×n) not-solitary matrices on F area this combination reaper a group under process of matrix multiply purport the general linear group of status n on area F, tick GL(n,F). The kernel of a homomorphism of GL(n,F) to F* is the special linear group and tick by SL(n,F) is the determinant of these matrices, and this homomorphism. Thus SL(n,F) comprise all matrices of determinant 1 which is the subgroup of GL(n,F). The projective special linear group betoken by PSL(n,F) which is the agent out SL (n,F) by its centre. The Artin directrix (Ar.di.) for the groups PSL(2,23) and PSL(2,29) from written the rational valued characters (r.v.ch.) of the rational representations (r.r.) as a linear combination of the induced characters (in.ch.) for these groups considered in this work.

Tuberculosis remains a major threat to general health in the world, affecting both pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and tuberculosis outside the lung (EPTB). This study aims to analyze tuberculosis properties in Diyala Governorate, Iraq during the period from January 2017 to December 2022. The study included 1,751 patients whose data were collected from the chest diseases clinic in Diyala.
The results showed that the female percentage (56%) was higher than males (44%), and that the most affected age group was over 65 years (22%). Pulmonary tuberculosis was more common than tuberculosis outside the lung. He also recorded the highest infection in 2017 (19.67), with a gradual decrease in the following years. The relapse rates were higher in pulmonary tuberculosis, while the results of treatment were 83%positive.
The results indicate the continuous need for monitoring, early detection and treatment to reduce the impact of tuberculosis on public health in Diyala

In this study, it is clear that the most common types of bacteria that were isolated and diagnosed from patients who were coming to Al-Sharqat General Hospital in Salah al-Din Governorate, which is represented by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, at a rate of 165 Staphylococcus included about 73 samples of the total compared to other types of bacteria that have a major role in causing many different diseases, such as wound infections, burns, blood poisoning, and other diseases that threaten the lives of patients in hospitals and health centers, as the presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was recorded in areas of various wounds, which are represented by wounds resulting from surgical operations of various types and simple and medium wounds, as the percentage of the presence of S.aureus bacteria reached 49 samples out of 73 samples of Staphylococcus samples at a rate of (67.1%), followed in second place by the presence of Staphylococcus epidermids bacteria, as its presence rate in wounds reached (16) samples out of a total of 73 samples At a rate of (21.9%), while the presence of S.saprophyticus bacteria in wounds was at a rate of (5) samples out of 73 samples, at a rate of (6.8%), while S.hemolyticus bacteria was the least present in the types of staphylococci, at a rate of (3) samples, at a rate of (4.1%), as these types of bacteria were diagnosed from other types by using Gram stain and observing the spherical shapes of the bacteria and their presence in the form of clusters gathered in positive purple color. After that, the Catalase test and the Coagulase test were performed, which distinguishes and differentiates between these types of bacteria, as the Coagulase test distinguishes S.aureus bacteria from other types of staphylococci that are negative for this test. After that, the antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for S.aureus bacteria, as (10) antibiotics were used at different concentrations, and these bacteria showed great resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, which are represented by Penicillin antibiotic (99%) and methicillin antibiotic (96%). These antibiotics are represented in the Penicillins family, followed by Cefotaxime antibiotic (81%). This antibiotic belongs to the Cephalosporins family within the third-generation antibiotics. While the bacteria were highly sensitive to Meropenem antibiotic, S.aureus bacteria were resistant to this antibiotic (6%), as this antibiotic belongs to the Carbapenems antibiotic family, followed by Vancomycin antibiotic, as S.aureus bacteria were resistant to this antibiotic (8%). This antibiotic belongs to the Glycopeptides antibiotic family. As for Amikacin antibiotic, the bacteria were resistant to it (43%), Gentamycin antibiotic (20%), and Streptomycin antibiotic (12%). These antibiotics belong to the Aminoglycoside antibiotic family, while their resistance to Ciprofloxacin antibiotic was (44.2%). This antibiotic belongs to the Fluroquinolones, while its resistance to Azithromycin was (60%). This antibiotic belongs to the Macrolides family, as these bacteria showed great resistance to these antibiotics, which explains the reason for the spread and ferocity of these bacteria, which is due to their resistance to many different antibiotics

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a significant health burden, particularly in vulnerable populations like hemodialysis patients who often face impaired immune function and increased exposure to healthcare environments. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of demographic, biochemical, immunological, and microbiological characteristics across healthy controls, hemodialysis patients, and non-dialysis patients with confirmed UTIs. The objective was to delineate distinct clinical and laboratory profiles, including antimicrobial resistance patterns, among these cohorts.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed involving three groups: 35 healthy controls, 35 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, and 35 non-dialysis patients diagnosed with UTIs. Data encompassed demographic details (age, sex, residence), biochemical parameters (creatinine, blood urea, fasting blood sugar), and immunological markers (IL-6, IL-8, IL-17). Microbiological assessment of urine samples from patient groups included bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests/Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variable comparisons, Chi-square tests for categorical associations, and Pearson correlation for relationships among quantitative variables. Data visualization utilized bar charts, box plots, and heatmaps.
Results: The hemodialysis group showed significantly elevated mean levels of serum creatinine (9.22 ± 0.75 mg/dL), blood urea (150.94 ± 20.75 mg/dL), and fasting blood sugar (143.71 ± 64.20 mg/dL) compared to both control and UTI groups (p < 0.001 for all). Immunological profiling revealed significantly higher mean IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17 levels in both hemodialysis and UTI groups compared to controls (p < 0.001). Demographically, the hemodialysis group was older (mean age 48.69 years) and predominantly male, while the UTI group was younger and largely female. Recurrent UTIs were universally reported in hemodialysis patients (100%) and common in the UTI group (62.9%). Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen in both patient groups, but the hemodialysis cohort exhibited a broader diversity of pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, notably to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin, was observed across both patient groups. Strong positive correlations were found between creatinine and blood urea in all groups, and among IL-6, IL-8, and IL17 in patient groups.
Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients present a distinct and complex profile characterized by profound biochemical derangements, heightened inflammatory states, and a diverse spectrum of bacterial infections with significant antimicrobial resistance. These findings underscore the critical need for tailored monitoring, infection control, and antimicrobial stewardship strategies specifically designed for dialysis populations, taking into account their unique clinical and immunological vulnerabilities.

This paper develops a machine learning system which creates forecasts about equation runtime duration. The solution aims at simplifying resource utilization forecasts and scalability assessment for computational programs. The proposed method utilizes standard supervised learning algorithm linear regression to create predictions regarding runtime from sent equation lengths. Python code production involves generating random data followed by runtime equation resolution timing and linear regression model development which utilizes input size as the model independent variable while using expected runtime as the dependent variable. The analysis indicates that the developed model achieves proper runtime prediction capabilities across various input data ranges. The research evaluates the potential of this application method to help select algorithms and determine their complexity scales. Machine learning techniques used for runtime estimation enhance computing environments by enabling improved performance analysis and decision-making through machine learning predictors in combination with algorithm scaling methods and runtime estimation and performance assessment capabilities.

This paper presents the design and simulation of a 24 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Transmitter radar (TX FMCW) system with a 2x1 microstrip array antenna specifically for use in aimed at drone detection. Modern radar technology is required for efficient surveillance and monitoring due to the growing use of drones in many industries. To obtain a small and light form factor that may be incorporated into drone detection systems, the suggested antenna design makes use of microstrip technology. The effectiveness of the design is validated through CST Studio and Altium Designer simulation programs. Simulation results demonstrate that the antenna provides high gain (10.37 dBi) and sharp beam (236 degrees), a favorable radiation pattern, ensuring enhanced detection capabilities over extended ranges. A 250MHz bandwidth was sufficient to accommodate the operational requirements of FMCW radar, providing reliable signal transmission. The design is validated by simulation results, including interference simulations, which show that the radar can meet the requirements for operational efficiency in real-world situations. Combining the improved antenna design and TX FMCW Radar with the receiver and signal processing algorithms is an essential next step in putting a complete drone detection system into place.

Electroncesefelography (EEG) is a powerful brain signal analysis tool widely used in neurological disorders, brain-computer interface (BCI), cognitive monitoring and biometric authentication. Despite its importance, EEG signal noise, low signal-to-show ratio (SNR) and inter-subject variability, advanced reserve so-up, functional extraction and classification techniques are necessary. This article presents a comprehensive, systematic review of EEG signal therapy, discusses pre-prosaic methods, functional extraction techniques, classification methods (traditional machine learning, deep learning and hybrid models), discussions and future research directions. A broad comparative analysis of existing methods is involved.