Law studies

First of all, The principle of freedom of contract is traditionally justified by the power of the will and its authority to create contracts and arrange their effects, as this freedom is essentially based on the principle of the authority of the will, according to which the will is free to conclude legal action and arrange the effects that arise from it. However, this principle soon became corrupt and Weakness in light of modern trends. The adoption of this principle has diminished on a large scale in the field of civil transactions, to the point that the parties are no longer allowed to conclude whatever contracts they wish, or arrange whatever effects they wish, due to the restriction imposed by the laws in force on the will of individuals in Society, and only a small amount of freedom remains in which it can exercise its authority to promulgate legal actions and arrange their effects.

This study presents a comparative analysis of appeals against administrative judgments, focusing on their legal conditions and grounds under national legislation and selected comparative legal systems. The research highlights the role of appeals as a fundamental guarantee for protecting rights and upholding the principle of legality, while analyzing legislative and procedural differences among

In the field of criminal law, it is not possible to criminalize an act or impose a penalty on an act without the existence of a legal text that specifies this. From this standpoint, it was necessary to find the principle of legality, which results in legislation being the sole source of penal law and it is not possible to resort to analogy in criminalization and punishment,

The constitutional order in Britain tend to give majority the jobs of political and administrative to Executive Authority, but it is subject to Parliamentary oversight.
The principle of Highness the Parliament does not prevent the government's ability to contribute in the Legislation

The legislation agreed to compel the witness to appear and compel him to testify (with the exception of those who may not be heard as witnesses) through speaking, swearing an oath, and being truthful. These duties, when carried out by the witness voluntarily or by coercion by the court

The trial courts in general are the ones who have jurisdiction to decide on the subject matter of the case and apply the law to the dispute before it. Therefore, the Federal Court of Cas

Judicial jurisprudence is one of the important legal solutions to address the shortcomings of legislation. Human societies have known throughout their long history many cases in which the judge finds himself facing a legislative vacuum, in addition to civil legal texts that are difficult for the judge to apply due to their ambiguity or contradiction

The risk of juvenile delinquency represents a serious social phenomenon that constitutes a violation of the juvenile's character, health, psyche, and right to a proper upbringing, which would lead him to crime. This phenomenon has increased due to social change in Iraqi society and the absence of the role of social institutions in preventing juvenile delinquency

All those concerned with the protection of human rights and public freedoms strive to give more protection to these rights, and among these rights is the right of individuals to obtain work appropriate to their physical and scientific capabilities, and to ensure that there are no future conflicts between workers and the employer for whom they work. International labor and Iraqi national legislation

The rule of criminal procedure transformation is considered one of the important rules and has a wide impact on procedural laws، and it is no less important than the theory of nullity which is the basis of this rule، and the importance of these theories is mainly due to their connection with criminal procedures that affect the life of society in protecting its rights and freedoms.

this research dealt with the legal regulation of the rights of unknown parentage at the international، global، and regional levels، both direct and indirect، and the role of committees formed under those agreements، especially those concerned with children\'s rights، as well as a statement of the Arab and Islamic regional position on this subject، and I reached several results Among the most important of them: The international and regional human rights documents and the

: The national judge has an important role in resolving disputes with a foreign element. This role is more difficult than the role played by the judge in resolving national disputes in all branches of private and public law, In disputes that fall within the scope of the branch of private international law, he must study the incident and adapt it, then subject it to one of the categories established in his national law, then attribute it to the applicable law. The matter becomes more

This study sheds light on an important dimension of human security, which is food security, which is concerned with ensuring that the individual obtains sufficient and healthy food as a human right, and thus food security will be addressed by focusing on the most important procedures, the most important methods working to ensure its achievement

In light of the fact that divorce is widespread in Iraqi society, and the growth of this phenomenon in a way that clearly threatens the entity of the family and society, we must acknowledge the necessity of combining all efforts at the social, cultural, legal and religious levels, in order to find solutions that contribute to reducing its risks and limiting its negative effects on the family and society.3

The legal legislator in contemporary democratic legal systems, and exclusively in the countries under comparison, has granted the legislative authority an important and prominent role in the dominance of the influence of the executive authority

Disputed rights are private sales that may be dealt with on the basis that the disputed right is a potentially existent financial right. The Iraqi legislator and comparative laws have made it so that if a lawsuit is filed against a disputed right or a serious dispute is litigated regarding it, the legislator has specifically prohibited the purchase of a specific category of persons. Therefore, the purchase of disputed rights by these persons is void under specific legal texts, as the legislator prohibited judges, lawyers, and those of a degree mentioned in the text from purchasing any right within the jurisdiction of the court in which they practice their work. All of this came as an exclusive example, meaning that the prohibition does not include experts in the courts, translators, police officers, and others. The legal texts also restricted the category of lawyers with a special text to deal with the disputed right if he is the one who is defending it, and he does not have the right to purchase even if the dispute occurred outside the court in which he is pleading. The legislator gave the debtor the right to file a lawsuit and the expenses and interest due on it to recover the disputed right if he wanted to express his desire to recover and exercise all his legal rights by returning the price.

Corruption is a serious scourge that has emerged on the international and local scene. The definition of corruption, according to the provisions of the United Nations Convention, can be concluded as the commitment by an employee in the public or private sector, whether nationally or internationally, of one of the crimes, such as bribery, embezzlement, influence peddling, abuse of office, money laundering, illicit enrichment, and other forms of corruption.

The tremendous development in the field of communications has turned the world into a small village. Through the Internet, hundreds of daily operations can now be performed, which required long working hours before the advent of the Internet, which may take days or even months in some cases. Thus, this led to a departure from the general rules. In contracting, which forced the legislator to regulate these cases, through the Council of Judicial or Electronic Contracts, or what was termed contracting