journal of the college of basic education

Effective time management is one of the essential skills middle school students need to face academic, psychological, and social challenges. Time management enables students to organize their efforts, prioritize, and achieve their goals efficiently. It also helps them balance academic demands and daily activities. Students with weak time management skills are less able to solve problems, control or manage their affairs, and cope with the pressures they face. They are also less efficient and effective in completing assigned tasks.
The current research aims to:
1. Identify time management among middle school students.
2. Develop an educational program based on Stephen R. Covey's Seven Habits to improve time management among middle school students.
3. Determine the effectiveness of an educational program based on Stephen R. Covey's Seven Habits in improving time management among middle school students. A set of hypotheses were derived from this study, including:
1. There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) in the mean scores of the experimental group (scientific-literary) in the pre- and post-tests on the time management scale for middle school students.
2. There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) in the mean scores of the control group (scientific-literary) in the pre- and post-tests on the time management scale for middle school students.
3. There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) in the mean scores of the experimental group (scientific-literary) and the control group (scientific-literary) in the post-test on the time management scale.
To achieve the objectives, a time management scale was constructed. Content, apparent, and construct validity were verified. The discriminatory power of the items was calculated. Reliability was verified using the test-retest method, which was 0.77, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.73, a good and reliable reliability coefficient. An educational program based on Stephen R. Covey's Seven Habits was developed to improve time management among middle school students. The program consisted of (16) sessions. The apparent validity of the program was determined after it was presented to a group of experts and arbitrators.
The research results showed:
1. There were statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the experimental group (science, literature) on the time management scale between the pre- and post-tests, in favor of the post-test.
2. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the control group (science, literature) on the time management scale between the pre- and post-tests.
3. There were statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the experimental group and the mean scores of the control group on the time management scale in the post-test, in favor of the experimental group for both the science and literature streams.
In light of the results, a number of recommendations and proposals were formulated, including:
1. Incorporating the sessions of the educational program prepared by the researcher and utilizing them in group counseling programs and using them by school counselors to improve students' time management.
2. Studying the effectiveness of an educational program based on Stephen R. Covey's Seven Habits in developing leadership skills among middle school students

The current research aims to identify the level of self-regulated learning among university students, as well as the significance of statistical differences in self-regulated learning based on the gender variable (male, female) and the academic specialization variable (scientific, humanities). To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a Self-Regulated Learning Scale consisting of 42 items, each with five response options: (Completely applies to me, Always applies to me, Sometimes applies to me, Does not apply, Never applies to me).
The researcher extracted the psychometric properties of the scale, including item discrimination and various types of validity (logical, face, and construct validity). Reliability was assessed using the test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient
The tool was applied to a randomly selected research sample consisting of 300 third-year students from the morning studies at the University of Kirkuk, with 150 students from scientific colleges and 150 from humanities colleges.The statistical methods used in the research included: Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, one-sample t-test, independent samples t-test, and arithmetic mean.
The results of the study revealed that students possessed a high level of self-regulated learning. No statistically significant differences were found based on gender (male, female) or academic specialization (scientific, humanities)،In light of the research findings, several recommendations and suggestions were formulated.

This research aims to explore the level of future-thinking among university students, as one of the important cognitive and behavioral foundations for interacting with the academic and social environment. Future-thinking is an organized mental process that enables individuals to envision future possibilities and plan to confront them with flexibility and awareness. This contributes to developing their ability to make wise decisions and adapt to the rapid changes in the university and living environment. The research also seeks to reveal the extent of students' awareness of the factors influencing their vision of the future and the role of university education in building their future-thinking skills. The study adopted a descriptive approach, using a questionnaire specifically designed to measure the dimensions of future foresight (the first dimension: awareness of trends, the second dimension: future and proactive thinking, the third dimension: scenario building, and the fourth dimension: flexibility and adaptability) among a sample of (300) male and female students from the University of Kirkuk. The results showed that university students had an average level of future foresight ability, indicating no statistically significant difference between the average scores of males and females, and the presence of statistically significant differences according to specialization in favor of scientific specializations. It also showed that students with higher future awareness were characterized by better ability to plan, make decisions, deal with ambiguity, solve problems, analyze, and experiment.
The researcher recommended the necessity of integrating future foresight into university programs and curricula, and promoting a culture of foresight through academic and advisory activities, given its impact on developing students' abilities to predict and plan, and to build clear visions for their professional and personal futures.

The aim of this research is to identify the supervisory behavior of primary school teachers and to determine any statistically significant differences in supervisory behavior based on gender (male/female) and on years of service (1-5, 6-10, 11 and above). The study sample consisted of 300 male and female teachers. . The researchers developed a tool to measure supervisory behavior. The scale initially consisted of (48) items, and after establishing validity, applying statistical analysis to the items, and determining reliability, the scale in its final form consisted of (45) items. After the final application and using statistical methods, the results showed that the sample had a high level of supervisory behavior, and there was no difference according to the gender variable, and there was a difference in the years of service variable in favor of the category (11 and above). Based on the results, the researchers presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current ressarch aims to identify:
1-The level of Self Efficacy among secondary school students
2-The level of Self Efficacy among secondary school student according to gender variable (males-females)
3-The level of Self Efficacy among secondary school student according to the specialization variable (literary-scientific)
The current research community consists of secondary school students the academic year2024/2023 . The research sample was (300) from high school students.
In order to achieve the research objectives of the Self Efficacy, the research
. And the scale became in its final form (36) paragraphs.
The researcher used statistical methods (t-test for one sample, t-test for two different samples, Pearson and Wackronbach correlation coefficient).
The researcher reached the following results:- 1- The secondary school students have an average level of in Self Efficacy analytics.
2ـ There are statistically diff Self Efficacy in the I, according to the change of sex, (males – females), in favor of females.
3ـ There are no Self Efficacy differences in the according to the change of specialization, (literary – scientific).
In light of the results reached, the researcher formulated a number of recommendations and proposals

Islamic education is considered one of the important foundations for building an Islamic society. It works to develop the individual Muslim personality in an effective and positive manner. It relies primarily on the ethical and behavioral concepts and values, as well as the purposeful education provided by the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah. It reinforces a Muslim's sense of belonging to his religion and his homeland, and strengthens his awareness of Islamic heritage and its moral and social obligations, which align with the needs of society and do not conflict with the fundamental principles of Islamic law. Islamic education, whose foundations are based on the provisions of the Qur'an and the Sunnah, works to achieve integration between the spiritual and intellectual aspects in a comprehensive manner that encompasses the spiritual, cognitive, moral, and behavioral aspects of the Muslim personality in a balanced and disciplined manner. In all of this, it is consistent with the human nature with which God created people, and does not contradict or deviate from it. Rather, it is compatible and harmonious in a way that preserves human dignity and pride, preserves identity, develops character, and achieves the desired worldly and eternal happiness, which is the aspiration and goal of every human being in this life.

This research aims to identify the effect of a rehabilitation program on improving the functional efficiency of the spine in students with scoliosis. The researcher used an experimental approach with a single-group design, as it was suitable for the nature of the research. The sample consisted of (15) students with scoliosis from Saad Bin Abi Waqqas Preparatory School. Among the most important results were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in back muscle strength, spinal flexibility, and curvature angle, favoring the post-test. This indicates the effect of the rehabilitation program on improving the functional efficiency of the spine in students with scoliosis. The most important recommendation is to use the rehabilitation program to improve efficiency.

The current study aims to identify rumination among university students, while identifying statistically significant differences in rumination according to the variables of gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific - humanities). The Seriki (2010) Rumination Scale, translated by Hassan (2018), was adopted, which consists of (42) items. The apparent validity of the scale was verified by presenting its paragraphs to a group of arbitrators, as well as extracting the discrimination coefficient and correlation coefficient for the paragraphs of the scale. Thus, the scale in its final form consisted of (42) paragraphs. The reliability of the scale was calculated using the retest method, which reached (0.80), and using the Cronbach’s alpha method, it reached (0.79).
After extracting the validity and reliability of the rumination variable, the researchers applied the scale to the basic research sample consisting of (300) male and female students. After collecting the information forms, the data were processed statistically using the t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The researchers reached the following results:
1. University students do not ruminate.
2. Individuals of both genders do not ruminate.
3. Individuals (the research sample), by specialty, do not ruminate.

The Effect of Using the "Inside and Outside the Circle" Strategy on Eighth-Grade Female Students and Their Inclination Towards Social Studies.
In this study, the researchers employed an experimental methodology, relying on a two-group experimental design (experimental group and control group). The study population consisted of eighth-grade female students in the Directorate of Education in Benaslawa for the academic year (2024-2025). The main sample of the study included (46) female students, who were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group, which studied using the "Inside and Outside the Circle" strategy (23) students, and the control group, which studied using the regular learning strategy (23) students.
The researcher prepared (14) teaching plans: (14) plans for the experimental group using the "Inside and Outside the Circle" strategy, and (14) plans for the control group using the regular learning strategy. The experiment lasted for (7) weeks during the first semester of the academic year (2024-2025).
After applying the research tools, collecting and analyzing data using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, the researchers reached the following results:
1. The experimental group outperformed the control group in increasing students' inclination towards social studies.
2. The use of the "Inside and Outside the Circle" strategy has a positive effect on increasing and raising the eighth-grade female students' inclination towards social studies.

Competencies are defined as the skills and knowledge acquired by the teacher that become part of his or her behavior, contributing to the development of his or her skills and abilities to achieve the Ministry of Education's objectives, which positively impact students' academic level and increase their intellectual and creative scientific experiences. Competencies are considered “a tool that enables the individual to think effectively about various activities, and represents a solid foundation that can be applied and used to understand surrounding phenomena.”
(Suhaila Mohsen Kazim, 2003, p. 28).
Competencies center on an individual's ability to effectively achieve specific results, with an emphasis on optimal use of time, effort, and expenditure. They also focus on building the individual through participation in seminars and courses held to develop students' thinking in accordance with modern-day requirements. With regard to sustainable development, it is a modern concept that emphasizes the comprehensive upbringing and education of students.This relied on developing comprehensive thinking and experience, not just knowledge, while preserving heritage within the global community. Education in this context contributed to preparing progressive students for advancement and success in academic life at the global level.
(Sarea Sedki and Mushira Mutawa, 2009, p. 11) Competencies

Mineral wealth is one of the most important pillars that can contribute to the development of industrial activity in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, as it provides a fundamental base for many industries through the diverse raw materials and primary materials it offers. These resources are also considered an important pillar for scientific research and technical development in the fields of exploration, extraction, and processing. The region is characterized by the diversity of its mineral resources (metallic and non-metallic), making it rich in significant investment potential that has not been adequately exploited to date. Hence the importance of this research, as the study area is rich in ores and mineral raw materials necessary for developing industrial activity. The research also contributes to providing a reliable knowledge framework regarding the distribution of mineral resources and their potential, thereby enhancing strategic planning and decision-making for developing the industrial sector in the region. The research aims to study the reality of the industrial sector in the Kurdistan Region by analyzing the impact of natural factors on the distribution of industrial facilities and their spatial spread patterns, and highlighting the importance of mineral resources and their role in supporting industrial activity and enhancing its productive capacities. To achieve the study's objective, the research was divided into three main axes. The first axis addresses the theoretical framework of the study, including an introduction to the study area with reference to relevant concepts and terminology. The second axis focuses on the available natural resources in the study area, while the third axis highlights the most important minerals actually being exploited and their use in industry. The study concluded with findings indicating that the study area in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq is characterized by geological and topographical diversity that allows for the presence of metallic minerals such as iron, copper, lead, and zinc, and non-metallic minerals such as limestone, gypsum, and marble. This diversity reflects the importance of mineral resources in supporting industrial planning and enhancing the productive capacity of the industrial sector in the region, with the necessity of considering geographical and geological characteristics to achieve sustainable economic development.

This research aims to study the semantic structure and rhetorical style in Bediüzzaman Said Nursi's "Isharat al-I'jaz fi Mazan al-Ijaz," analyzing them in light of modern linguistics and demonstrating their impact on the foundation of jurisprudential and legal principles. The research employs a critical analytical, descriptive-analytical, and comparative methodology. The research revealed the distinctiveness of Nursi's approach, characterized by its conscious integration of linguistic analysis and legal foundations. He employed modern linguistic theories, such as semantic fields, displacement, and context, in analyzing the Qur'anic text. The research also demonstrated how Nursi contributed to the renewal of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) by presenting an applied model for deriving general legal principles through the study of semantic structure and rhetorical framework. The research is divided into four main chapters. The first addresses the theoretical and methodological framework, the second analyzes the semantic structure, the third examines the rhetorical framework, and the fourth focuses on the impact on establishing legal principles and renewing jurisprudence. The research reached significant conclusions that affirm the originality and modernity of Nursi's approach, demonstrating that his efforts represent a bridge between tradition and modernity, combining traditional authenticity with a contemporary vision and making a prominent contribution to the renewal of Qur'anic and legal studies. The research recommends paying close attention to Nursi's approach in contemporary Qur'anic studies, employing the linguistic method in renewing Islamic jurisprudence, and conducting further comparative studies with Western methodologies in text analysis.

The importance of this research lies in improving the level of learning, particularly basic offensive skills in volleyball, by developing the correct educational model that enhances the level of learning and its success. The Van Hiele Model contributes to developing learners' logical thinking and stimulating their mental and motor abilities by constructing an organized sequence for the learning process that links theoretical knowledge with practical application. The research problem was: The level of performance in implementing basic offensive skills in volleyball requires an advanced educational level that links the intellectual aspect with the practical application of each skill. Without this, the educational level is limited and progress toward the better is not achieved. Therefore, the research requires the use of an educational teaching model that addresses this problem and works to improve the level of basic offensive skills, such as the Van Hiele Model, which is considered an effective educational model and contributes to improving the learning process and skill performance of female volleyball students. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of the Van Hiele model on learning some basic offensive volleyball skills for female students. The experimental approach was used, and the research sample was female fourth-grade students at the Girls' High School for Excellence - Basmaya. After applying the model, the most important conclusions were reached: The Van Hiele model has an impact on the learning and development of some basic offensive volleyball skills for female students. It was recommended to adopt the Van Hiele model due to its impact on the learning and development of some basic offensive volleyball skills for female students.

This research is considered one of the valuable researches of Dr. Henry
Fleisch, which was translated by Dr. Abdel Sabour Shaheen and published in the Journal of the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo in 1968 AD.
This research presented the most important Arabic works of the ancients on the science of phonetics, which was included in their writings, starting with Sibawayh, all the way to Ibn Jana in the secret of making inflections. The research touched on the contradiction of the modern phonetic lesson in the process of describing the exits of sounds and the production of letters, the opinions of the ancients and the moderns, and the opinions of the ancients and those of Sibawayh. In the two functions of loudness and whispering, movement according to the ancients and moderns, the idea of movement according to Ibn Jinni, movement between the Western and Arab perception in terms of length and type, saturation of movements, production of linguistic sound, movement and its arrangement, vowels and syllables, discontinuity of vowels, and other topics within the folds of this research. In our critical reading, we will focus on researching two demands: the first: the phonetic syllable, and the response to what Henry Fleisch said and his denial of the Arabs’ knowledge of the phonetic syllable. The linguistic material in Arab books recorded for us Arab scholars’ definitions of the phonetic syllable. The phonetic syllable, in its general sense, is one of the fruits of the ancient prosody lesson, the opposite of what Henry Flesch went to him.
As for the second request, the interruption of the vowel sounds, it was in response to Flesch’s opinion, which said that these three letters, which are mobile, differ from that, as the output of the alif changes completely, so that the output of another letter becomes the hamza, one of them in the state of silence is the alif, and the other in the state of movement is the hamza. As for the yā’ and waw, their exits remain the same, whether they are silent or vowelized, and it is proven that the real reason is due to the nature of the Arabic phonetic syllable, which is averse to stopping at long vowel sounds, which was the reason for creating a syllabic lock, which is the sound of the hamza, or as it was called before, the hamza of stopping and The tendency of Bedouin tribes to have closed syllables in the case of waqf.

The current research aims to identify the culture of e-learning in the College of Basic Education at Salahaddin University from the perspectives of teachers and students. To this end, two questionnaires were prepared: the first for teachers, consisting of (24) items, was administered to a random sample of (80) male and female teachers with different academic degrees (35 male and (45) female teachers). The second questionnaire, consisting of (24) items, was administered to a random sample of (150) male and female students (70 male and (80) female students) in the fourth year from all scientific and humanities departments at the College of Basic Education. The study followed a descriptive-analytical approach, and the statistical program (SPSS) was used to analyze the data.
The study reached the following conclusions:
1. The reality of e-learning in the College of Basic Education, from the perspective of faculty members, was moderate.
2. . The reality of e-learning in the College of Basic Education, from the perspective of students, was moderate.
3. There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≥ 0.05) in the reality of e-learning in the College of Basic Education from the perspective of faculty members based on the variables (academic rank, years of service, and specialization). However, there are statistically significant differences based on the variable (gender), in favor of males.
4. There are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≥ 0.05) in the reality of e-learning in the College of Basic Education from the perspective of students based on the variable (gender). However, there are statistically significant differences based on the variable (specialization), in favor of academic specialization. Based on these results, the study presented a number of recommendations and proposals, most notably:
1. Conduct periodic training courses for faculty members and students on how to integrate e-learning into teaching practice.
2. Establish an independent department for e-learning at the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

The importance of the research lies in the fact that human relations relate to interaction with individuals in all types of fields, and this interaction is generally seen in work organizations, as individuals are linked by a kind of structure and formal system, in order to achieve a specific goal, through interconnection, harmony, and cooperation among them.
Among the research, the studies conducted by social scientists prove beyond doubt that religion is not an obstacle to civilizational progress, but rather that all divine religions stimulate, inspire, and call for civilizational development.
The research concluded that the civilization of Islam is a comprehensive civilization, an intermediate civilization, and has a firm foundation, as it granted women’s rights, regulated the relationship of orphans and the poor, honored knowledge and honored the mind, and did not forget the integrity of the heart. This character gave it a special dimension in its difference with Western civilizations, and it differed greatly with them.

The waste management process is one of the important issues that have taken great care, as it is directly related to human health and environmental safety, from here our research came to learn about waste, its sources and methods used in its management, through its collection, transportation and final disposal methods, and the effort exerted by municipal centers in the municipality department Al-Rasheed. Our research came in three sections; The first was devoted to the theoretical framework and included; The research problem, the research hypothesis, the research objectives, the spatial and temporal limits of the research, and the definition of the search terms. The second topic was devoted to the theoretical framework, while the third topic was devoted to the practical aspect and analysis of the data provided to us by the Hygiene Department in the Al-Rasheed Municipality Department. The research concluded by mentioning a number of results that came out of the research.

This study presents an in-depth analytical reading of Surah Al-Ma'un, by deconstructing its verses and extracting their linguistic, educational, and social connotations. The study aims to shed light on the doctrinal and moral dimensions addressed by the surah, focusing on the relationship between worship and human behavior. The study examines the Quranic descriptions of those who deny religion and the characteristics of false believers, through a careful analysis of the words and concepts contained in the surah, such as "al-Ma'un," "al-Sahun," and "al-Mura'un." The study concludes that Surah Al-Ma'un represents a unique Quranic model that links the validity of worship with sound social behavior, emphasizing that true faith is demonstrated by compassion for orphans, feeding the poor, and providing good to people, not merely performing religious rituals without spirit or sincerity.

The study aimed to identify the extent of the impact of digital media on the religious behavior of young people. To achieve the research objective and solve its problem, a descriptive analytical approach was used. Data was collected and analyzed to describe the impact of digital media on the religious behavior of young people. The study concluded that the role of digital media in Iraq is high, from the perspective of the research sample. The arithmetic mean value reached 4.115 with a standard deviation of 0.770. The study also found a statistically significant effect of digital media on the religious practices of young people in Iraq at 0.05, and a strong direct correlation between the two variables. It showed that every time the level of digital media increased by 1%, the level of religious practices of young people in Iraq increased by 0.249%. Therefore, the study recommends the need to work on increasing the capacity of digital media to publicize the efforts being made to achieve religious awareness in society.

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive geographical analysis of the phenomenon of domestic violence in Baghdad Governorate, given its increasing rates and profound impact on individuals, families, and society. The study addresses the spatial distribution of domestic violence and the factors influencing it across the various geographical areas of the governorate. The study relies on a descriptive analytical approach, using a mixed methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods, including analyzing statistical data on domestic violence cases and conducting interviews with experts and victims. The primary objectives of the research are to identify the spatial patterns of domestic violence, understand its geographical determinants, and develop a spatial information system to support decision-makers in formulating effective strategies to combat this phenomenon.

After 2010, the African continent witnessed a significant rise in competition among international and regional powers, notably Russia and Turkey. This study aims to examine the Russian-Turkish competition in Africa after 2010 by analyzing its motives, tools, areas, and consequences on African countries. The research focuses on the diplomatic, economic, and security policies adopted by both Russia and Turkey, with particular attention to key conflict zones such as Libya and the Horn of Africa. The study concludes that the Russian-Turkish competition in Africa is complex and multidimensional, sometimes intersecting with cooperation in supporting African state sovereignty and combating external interventions, while political, economic, and military influence remains the main axis of the rivalry.

It aims to study the relationship between knowledge management and self-efficacy among graduate students, and also seeks to identify statistically significant differences between these two variables according to variables such as gender and specialization. 200 male and female graduate students were selected using a random method. The researcher used two scales: the first to measure knowledge management (20 paragraphs), and the second to measure self-efficacy (40 paragraphs). The validity and reliability of the tool were verified, and appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The results showed that graduate students enjoy a good level of knowledge management and self-efficacy, with no statistically significant differences between the variables studied (gender and specialization). The results also showed a direct relationship between knowledge management and self-efficacy. The research concluded with a number of recommendations and proposals

This study will address "Poverty and Suffering in the Poetry of Badr Shakir al-Sayyab." The Iraqi poet Badr Shakir al-Sayyab is considered one of the most prominent pioneers of the free verse movement in the Arab world, and his poetic experience is an honest reflection of the social and political reality he experienced. His bitter personal experience with poverty, which began in his village of Jikur and continued throughout his life in the city, served as a primary source of inspiration for his poetry. For al-Sayyab, poverty and suffering were not merely a passing subject; rather, they were a philosophical and existential axis that connected the self, society, and the universe. This research aims to analyze the manifestations of poverty and suffering in al-Sayyab's poetry, revealing their psychological, social, and philosophical dimensions, with a focus on how he transformed this harsh experience into refined artistic material. The manifestations of poverty are manifested in al-Sayyab's poetry in a tangible and sensual manner, transcending simple description to touch upon the essence of reality. These manifestations can be divided into material poverty and hunger. Al-Sayyab depicts hunger not only as an individual condition, but as a collective condition that dominates the lives of the poor. Images of the "starving," the "naked," and the "poor children" clinging to their last breath recur in his poetry. The poet uses powerful symbols such as "bread" and "water" to express the daily struggle for survival. As for the suffering of work and toil, Al-Sayyab pays special attention to the plight of workers and peasants, who toil under harsh conditions without reaping the fruits of their labor. He describes their exhausted bodies, their chapped hands, and their sense of injustice. He links their suffering to the absence of social justice, giving his poetry a revolutionary dimension against oppression.

The research demonstrated that the balance in representation between women and men stems from the problem of male dominance in leadership positions in general. Some may view this dominance as a logical consequence of women's absence from decision-making positions in Islamic parties or organizations. The research emphasized the development of genuine women's projects stemming from the real need for social, cultural, and educational movements. These projects are being adopted by Islamic institutions and genuinely supported to ensure their sustainability.The importance of the research lies in changing women's perceptions of the concept of social participation with men. Islam prescribed the hijab not for women to remain at home, but rather to prepare them for an important role in society. The research concluded that the contemporary Islamic project has transcended the debates of absolutes and restrictions regarding women's responsibilities and tasks, in terms of movement, society, and politics.

The descriptive and analytical approach was adopted. The research sample consisted of 12 public schools in the Al-Rusafa II Directorate, comprising 30 geography teachers and 150 students with learning difficulties. The researcher used questionnaires to collect data, developing two questionnaires for teachers and students. The first questionnaire covered three topics: personal information, concept mapping strategies, and the role of teachers and administration in using concept maps and working with students with learning difficulties. The student questionnaire covered four topics: personal information, the availability of necessary tools for teaching geography, concept mapping strategies for working with students with learning difficulties, and the students' benefit from concept mapping strategies. The most important findings were as follows:
- Geography teachers used concept maps to implement educational tasks for students with learning difficulties.
- Teachers implemented concept mapping strategies while being aware of the needs of learners with learning difficulties, employing teaching skills appropriate to their needs to ensure the success of the teaching and learning process.
- Teachers utilize their abilities, knowledge, and experience through the use of concept mapping strategies to empower their students in geography. This strategy aims to equip learners with geographical scientific concepts and foster their scientific, intellectual, and creative skills.
- No statistically significant differences were found at the 0.05 level of significance related to the variable of years of experience. Based on these findings, the researcher offered several recommendations and suggestions, including: - Educators and supervisors should monitor learners with learning difficulties at all educational levels to encourage the use of concept maps to reinforce and solidify their knowledge.
- Teachers should be encouraged to complete training courses on how to implement modern teaching strategies to enrich the teaching process, particularly in geography.

This research examines teaching methods in science education between modernity and tradition, aiming to analyze the different approaches used in teaching science, both traditional and modern, and their impact on the development of the educational process. The study addresses various teaching methods, such as inductive, dialogic, cooperative, and discovery learning, alongside traditional methods focused on lecturing and listening. The research also discusses the role of technology and modern educational media in enhancing teaching methods. The results indicate that combining traditional and modern approaches can strike a balance between maintaining traditional learning foundations and enhancing learning effectiveness in the technological age. The research recommends training teachers to use modern teaching methods that aim to enhance student interaction with scientific content and deepen their understanding of complex scientific concepts.

This study highlights the educational aspect in Islam and its role in shaping the contemporary Muslim, particularly in light of the numerous changes affecting Muslims and their religious lives today. All divine revelations have conveyed one ultimate truth — the greatest truth in existence — namely, the oneness of God (Tawhid). However, the methods and approaches of calling to this truth have varied from one prophet to another and from one nation to another, according to the diversity of human temperaments, thoughts, and circumstances.
The final divine message, Islam, also adopted diverse methods in presenting this eternal truth, taking into account human nature and its innate inclinations. Among the most influential educational methods in Islam is the approach of encouragement and deterrence (Targhib and Tarhib), which plays a vital role in shaping the individual’s behavior. It appeals to one’s emotions, nurtures innate goodness, motivates righteous deeds and obedience, and deters wrongdoing and sin, thus achieving true happiness in both this life and the hereafter. The study comprises an introduction, a main chapter, and a conclusion, with the main chapter divided into two sections:
1- Education through Qur’anic Dialogue.
2- Education through Encouragement and Deterrence.
The research concludes with the most significant findings derived from the study.

The current research aimed to evaluate the content of the first-grade ethics textbook from the perspective of subject teachers and to identify its most prominent strengths and weaknesses. A descriptive-analytical approach was used, and the sample consisted of (200) subject teachers. A questionnaire consisting of (37) items was administered, distributed across four axes. The results showed that the evaluation of the content of the first-grade ethics textbook in terms of (the suitability of content and objectives, organization and presentation, moral education methods, and form and artistic production) from the perspective of subject teachers was high for the questionnaire as a whole and for its dimensions. The dimension (form and artistic production) ranked first, while the dimension (activities and assessment) ranked last. The most prominent strengths of the first-grade ethics textbook were (the book's inclusion of general human values (honesty, cooperation, respect)), while the least prominent was (the use of examples from the local environment). The most prominent weaknesses were (the weak connection of some lessons to contemporary ethical challenges (such as technology and social media)), while the least prominent was (the repetition and lack of diversity of some topics).

The aim of this research is to shed light on the role of public administration in promoting financial inclusion and how this role contributes to achieving social justice in Iraq. This research relies on a descriptive and analytical approach, which enables the study of the administrative phenomenon of interest through its statistical description and interpretation. With the aim of reaching an accurate scientific understanding of the nature of the relationship between public administration, financial inclusion, and social justice in the Iraqi context, the research reached many results, including a high level of public administration performance in Iraq, the presence of an average level of implementing financial inclusion in Iraq, and the presence of an average level of achieving social justice in Iraq from the point of view of the study sample members. With the aim of reaching an accurate scientific understanding of the nature of the relationship between public administration, financial inclusion, and social justice in the Iraqi context, the research reached many results, including a high level of public administration performance in Iraq, the presence of an average level of implementing financial inclusion in Iraq, and the presence of an average level of achieving social justice in Iraq from the point of view of the study sample members.

The drug phenomenon is a global challenge that requires a comprehensive and integrated legal response. This research aims to review and analyze the legislative frameworks for combating drugs at the local Iraqi and international levels. The research focuses on highlighting the interaction between national laws and international agreements, shedding light on criminalization and punishment mechanisms, and preventive and therapeutic measures. The research also addresses recent developments in legislation that seek to achieve a balance between strict control and human rights.

The aim of the current research is to identify organizational citizenship behavior and its relationship to job performance among workers in the Sports Activity Department of the Second Rusafa Baghdad Education Directorate, as the researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method and correlational relations, as the researcher adopted two scales that had been used previously for studies that dealt with the two variables of the current research.
These standards were applied to the research sample selected from the research community, which is represented by employees and supervisors working in the Sports Activity Department, who number (25) employees. After completing the field procedures for the research and processing the data statistically, the results of the research emerged, from which the researcher drew several conclusions, including:
1-The organizational citizenship behavior among workers in the Sports Activity Department of the Second Rusafa Education Directorate is good, as shown by the results of applying the scale to the examined sample.
2- There is a highly significant correlation between organizational citizenship behavior and job performance among workers in the Sports Activity Department of Rusafa Secondary Education
According to these conclusions, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including:
1- Benefiting from the results of the current research and applying them to the rest of the directorate’s departments and their employees. .
2- Conduct similar studies related to organizational citizenship behavior and its relationship to other psychological and administrative variable

The current research aimed to identify the reality of extracurricular activities among primary school students in mathematics from the perspective of teachers and supervisors, and to reveal whether their views on the reality of these activities differ based on gender, academic qualification, or years of experience. The researcher employed a descriptive methodology to understand the reality of implementing these activities, applying a questionnaire to a sample of (230) male and female teachers and supervisors. The results revealed no statistically significant differences in the reality of implementing activities attributed to the gender variable, while there were statistically significant differences regarding the academic qualification variable. As for the years of experience variable, results favored those with less than 10 years of experience. The researcher recommended that the Ministry of Education hold training courses on how to employ activities in their schools

The research attempts to highlight the importance of science while not neglecting to state that understanding scientific progress is a difficult matter, as it is one of the foundations upon which the renaissance has been built, in the development of all fields of science at all levels، The research also emphasized that Islamic values make society a divine society, criterion for piety. Everyone fears God Almighty in secret and in public, and there is no corruption in a divine society،The importance of the research lies in the fact that sustainable development contributes to enhancing environmental awareness among students by providing them with opportunities to participate in educational and training activities that enhance their practical and theoretical skills، The research demonstrated that enhancing practical skills for sustainable development contributes to enhancing students' practical skills by providing educational and training opportunities.The research concluded that values are the Islamic moral standards that guide the lives of individuals and society, and by following them, the highest goals can be achieved.

Linguistically, the term women (Arabic: “al-nisāʾ”) is the plural of woman (“imraʾah”). The word al-nisāʾ is derived from the root nasāʾa, meaning delay or postponement, and it later came to denote women in general. Terminologically, it refers to the female among the descendants of Adam who has reached the stage of maturity.
The word righteousness (ṣalāḥ) linguistically stands as the opposite of corruption (ṭalāḥ), signifying the soundness and uprightness of one’s condition. In terminology, its meaning does not differ from its linguistic sense, as it denotes moral rectitude and the avoidance of evil.
As for the status of women, Islam has honored and safeguarded women’s dignity after they had long been oppressed and deprived of their rights. Islam established piety (taqwā) as the sole criterion for superiority between men and women. The woman’s role complements that of the man in building a righteous Muslim family. She is the first school in shaping the child’s character and behavior, preparing a virtuous generation that carries the message of Islam.
In this research, I have highlighted illustrious examples of righteous women in the Qur’an, such as Asiyah, the wife of Pharaoh, Maryam (Mary), the daughter of ʿImrān, and Khadījah bint Khuwaylid (may Allah be pleased with them). I have also shed light on their noble educational and moral stances, as they serve as exemplary models for Muslim women across generations.

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland responsible for the synthesis and secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (thyroid hormones), which play a key role in regulating metabolism as well as development and growth, Thyroid disorders a disease affecting the thyroid gland, resulting from an abnormality resulting from excessive or insufficient activity. This steady aimed To evaluate the level of immune factor Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and thyroid hormones; Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxin (T4) in thyroid patients. Material and method This study was conducted by collecting (50) blood samples from thyroid patients and (50) individuals as a control group, aged between (30-65) years. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured using ELISA, and thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, and T4) were measured. Samples were collected from April 2024 to September 2024, Patient data (age, gender, smoking, family history) were collected, Results The results showed that the highest infection rate was in the age group (<=50) as it reached (50%), and the highest infection rate was in males as it reached (60%), and the highest expression rate of ((IL-6) was in the age group (>=60) as it reached (21.2198 ± 7.4022, 33.4202 ± 7.43473) respectively, and the results showed a significant difference in the expression of (IL-6) in females as it reached (16.2766 ± 6.87162) in patients compared to control (3.4363 ± 1.20474) (p≤0.001), The results also showed a significant difference in the expression of (TSH), which reached (5.3053 ± 7.84264) in patients compared to healthy people (2.3450 ± 1.98495) (p≤0.01). The results also showed a significant difference in the expression of (TSH) in patients, which reached (7.3205 ± 9.63679) in females. The results also showed a significant difference in the expression of (T3) in patients in all age groups (p≤0.05), The results also showed a significant difference in T3 expression across different age groups (p≤0.05). Regarding T4 expression, the results showed a significant difference in T4 expression among patients (6.7440 ± 1.42115) compared to healthy controls (7.9500 ± 3.08097) (p≤0.01), The results also showed a significant difference in )T4( expression across different age groups (p≤0.001). Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed using using spss version 25.
Conclusion
The current study showed that the highest incidence rate was in the age group (<=50) and the highest expression rate of (IL-6) was in the age group (>=60) and there was a significant difference in the expression of (IL-6) in females compared to the control group. The study showed a significant difference.
The study also showed a significant difference in TSH expression in patients compared to the control group. There was also a significant difference in TSH expression in female patients. The age groups of patients also showed a significant difference in T3 expression in patients across all age groups.

Bioethics form a basic part of medical research and experiments. This field has been solidly established in modern and postmodern eras in order to avoid the past transgressions that were done against participants in medical field. This paper aims to discuss the intersection of bioethics and racism in Ann Patchett’s A State of Wonder. This novel presents the journey of American doctors who venture into Amazon forests in order to research the fertility qualities of native people there.

In the ever-evolving world of e-commerce and digital transactions, credit card fraud has emerged as a significant challenge. Traditional fraud detection techniques are often inefficient due to their inability to handle vast amounts of data in real-time. This report explores the development of a hybrid fraud detection system using neural networks (NN) combined with firefly optimization algorithms. The NN provides a robust mechanism to detect fraudulent patterns in data, while firefly optimization enhances the detection efficiency by optimizing the weights and structure of the NN. This hybrid approach improves the accuracy, detection speed, and generalization capability in identifying fraudulent credit card transactions.

Before World War I, being a soldier in Britain was often seen as a last resort—a fate many considered little better than prison, looked down on by both working and middle-class families. This research explores how soldiers fell so far in public regard by the early 20th century, and how that changed when the horrors of the Great War (1914–1918) shattered old illusions.
Amid that tragedy, a powerful voice emerged: Wilfred Owen (1893–1918), a soldier-poet who rejected the myth of "glorious" war. Instead, he wrote with raw honesty about its pity, pain, and the deep anger felt by those on the front lines. Soldiers weren’t heroes in his eyes—they were ordinary men deserving of compassion, not scorn.
This study focuses on Owen’s moving work, especially two poems that cut through wartime propaganda: Dulce et Decorum est and Insensibility. We’ll explore: How war poetry evolved in the 20th century, challenging ideas like "honor" and exposing the brutal reality of injury and loss. Owen’s life and craft—why he became one of the most important voices of World War I. Close readings of his poems, revealing how they humanize soldiers and lay bare the true cost of conflict. Ultimately, Owen’s legacy reminds us that behind every war statistic is a person worth remembering—not as a symbol, but as someone who suffered, felt, and deserved our empathy.

Phishing denotes a series of cyberattacks in which an attacker utilizes deception and disguise to obtain the victim's sensitive information online. Phishing has a historical precedent, with its inaugural documented instance being in 1995, when hackers impersonated American Online (AOL) personnel to deceive AOL customers into disclosing their usernames and passwords [AOHell]

In the realm of power, even the absence of a chair can inspire revolutions where form collapses and meaning rises from the fragments. This is where political theatre breathes. Transforming the chair into a third space in Eugène Ionesco’s The Chairs and Ammar Seif’s The Chair reveals the legitimacy of power, which is rooted in the memory of violence and the absurdity of discourses. Both plays use the performative body (seating movements, gestures) to criticize the political systems. The present study uses Modern and Postmodern theatre to examine the fragmentation of forms and political discourse, revealing how artistic structures can become mirrors of the crises of the time. While Edward Soja's concept of third space analyses the fragmentation of theatrical structure to examine the chair as a political symbol, Judith Butler's theory of identity performativity highlights the significance of the repeated acts of sitting and rising as expressions of the dominant regime. This study of theatrical structure as a mode of performing power, identity, and resistance in modern and postmodern drama. Grounded in comparative analysis and the theoretical perspectives of Edward Soja, Judith Butler, and Michel Foucault, the study is informed by the following questions: How does space reform itself as a third space of ideological contestation and per formative disclosure in The Chair and The Chairs? How are the repeated physical comportments of characters, especially their sitting and standing, embodied enactments of discipline, desire, and subjection? How do postmodern and absurdist structure elements serve the political critique and aesthetic disruption in the plays? Despite the different contexts (Iraqi/European), the techniques are similar, employing meta-theatre to break the illusion and integrate it with the stenographic space (as a site of conflict). The present study tackles postmodern aesthetics of fragmentation, deconstructing political discourses through aesthetic formation, and providing a model for reading Arab theatrical texts through global theoretical lenses.

This paper analyses the crafting and deconstruction of masculinity in both David Mamet (2014) in Glengarry Glen Ross (1984) and Jacques Derrida (2014) in Sweat (2015), by means of a dialectic theory of G.W.F. Hegel and deconstruction theory of Jacques Derrida. Based on the three-step form of argument, thesisantithesissynthesis, proposed by Hegel, the paper explores how dichotomies like success and failure, dominance and impotence, and external appearance and internal truth, are harnessed in the ideological and affective conflicts that men characters in each of the two plays engage in. These tensions are the dialectical motors of the story and of the characters. Derrida reflects upon and undermines dualisms such as power/ weakness, solidarity/ isolation, and success/failure. It is shown that hegemonic masculinity is a performative and non-fixed entity in the milieu of late capitalism. Hegel’s model makes redress with a dialectical synthesis (Aufhebung), Derrida’s différance does not close the issue, it reveals that masculine identity is not static, revealing constant postponing and disease of male identity. Through the logic of Hegelian resolution alongside Derridean undecidability, the book shows how the masculine subjectivity of each play is determined by economic instability, the performance of language, and systemic forces that make it inherently unstable. The work raises the following questions: What does the representation of masculinity look like in Glengarry Glen Ross and Sweat through the lenses of Hegelian dialectics and Derridean deconstruction? What inconsistencies between societal notions of maleness and characters' inner lives arise in dialectical conflict? Parallel to the continuation of the Marxist contention that we bear the duality of looking and doing as subjects and workers, we can lead to (2) then: In what way do performative modes of language and ideological fissure the crisis and transformation of masculine masculinity in capitalist labor processes? The study concludes that both plays portray masculinity not as a stable identity, but as a fractured, performative construct shaped by capitalist pressures and social expectations. In Glengarry Glen Ross, masculinity is revealed as a fragile performance of dominance tied to material success, while in Sweat, it emerges as a contested site of racialized and class-based struggle. Through deconstructive analysis, the thesis reveals how masculinity is produced, destabilized, and ultimately undone by the very systems that claim to define it.

A brain tumor requires highly discriminative segmentation and classification of the tumor in order to provide effective treatment. Three categories of brain tumor segmentation (BTS) exist fully automated, semi-automatic and manual. Both tumor segmentation in therapy, treatment planning, and diagnostic assessment have frequently relied on the deep learning (DL) approach to automate the process. It is founded on the U-Net paradigm that has recently demonstrated a superb performance in multimodal BTS. The study retrieves a literature review with the application of U-Net models to the BTS. It is a general method of training a new U-Net model on brain tumor segmentation. The procedures of this DL method have been explained to allow the derivation of the desired model. These involves collection of the dataset, pre-processing, selection/ or development of structure of model, transfer learning (optional) and image enhancement (optional). The performance and structure of the model are the two most essential measures that are used to assess the literature. Based on the findings of the review, there is a direct relationship between model accuracy and the architectural complexity of that model; therefore, it will be a future challenge to produce increased accuracy using a less complex design. There are also futures trends, alternatives, and challenges.

The purpose of this research is to explore the experiences and difficulties that Kurds living in the United Kingdom (UK) face when trying to learn Kurdish language. An online questionnaire is utilized to gather the data. Regarding the participant, Any Kurdish who is 12 years and over and a resident in the UK can participate.
The researcher believe that this project will give a valuable insight into the experiences of language-learning for Kurds who live in the diaspora (outside of the Kurdish regions of Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan) We are interested in exploring the issues, difficulties and factors which contribute to either a generally positive or negative experience of learning Kurdish. The aim of this research is to analyze students‟ perception for learning Kurdish language in terms of different variances. This studying is made in Nergiz Kurdish school in Sheffield/UK. the students in the school who born in UK whilst their mother tongue is Kurdish but they need to improve their Kurdish language.

This paper presents the research on the changes in the relation between social media language and the grammatical competence of adolescents in formal settings in English. With the huge impact of such platforms as TikTok, Instagram, and WhatsApp on the communication patterns of everyday life, the preferences of young consumers of such applications are the abbreviated language, informal grammatical language structure, and visual content like emojis. Such habits lead to the fear of loss of their command on the formal grammar, especially in the learning institutions where the written English used is the professional one.
The study takes a theoretical and descriptive reading where primary areas of grammar under threat of getting influenced digitally will be covered, which are, structure of the sentence, punctuations, consistency in tenses of a verb, orthography, and subject-verb agreement. It is based on the language acquisition theories which incorporate the Input Hypothesis by Krashen and the concept of Noticing Hypothesis by Schmidt explaining the effect of informal input based on social media to affect the internalization of the formal grammar rules in the adolescent stage.
Although according to certain empirical research no negative effects of texting and digital writing on grammar are evident, not to mention potential positive effects on metalinguistic awareness, still educators claim to be facing digital language features in some areas of academic work. These are lost punctuations, uniform capitalization, use of slangs or abbreviations in the essays and assignments.
The research makes the following conclusion: the social media cannot be considered the negative phenomenon as such however, its increasing prominence in the life demands a moderate pedagogical reaction. Among the recommendations are the explicit teaching on the aspect of register-switching, the incorporation of the issue of digital literacy into the curriculum, as well as reinforcement of fundamentals associated with grammar. Nevertheless, by closing the digital fluency - academic proficiency gap, educators can ensure that the students build the ability to function in different linguistic contexts without compromising the capability for formal written expression.

The present study deals with how RP long vowels and diphthongs have different length variations. Length in this study is used to refer to the time a sound takes when pronounced (sound duration). The importance of the study is due to the fact that very few of EFL teachers and learners are aware of length gradation which characterizes long vowels.
Length differences are dealt with in terms of the phonetic environment a vowel occurs in. Vowel length is made different from syllable length. This study shows that the length of long vowels varies according to the phonetic environment . Therefore, a long vowel can be longer than it is depending on the phonetic environment.
It is found out that stress is one of the causes which affect vowel length. Vowels in stressed syllables are longer than they are when they occur in weakly or unstressed syllables. At the end of the study, a glossary of technical terms with their Arabic counterparts is provided to serve as a mini English-Arabic thesaurus for specialized and interested readers and researchers.

This research aimed to investigate the attitudes of faculty members at the Colleges of Education, Salahaddin University, towards employing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to enhance the effectiveness of the teaching process. It also sought to identify their level of knowledge and awareness of these technologies and to uncover the most prominent challenges they face. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical methodology. The research population consisted of all (698) faculty members in the Colleges of Education at Salahaddin University-Erbil, from which a random sample of (100) faculty members was selected across five colleges. The researchers utilized a questionnaire composed of (30) items distributed across four main domains: Cognitive Attitudes, Affective Attitudes, Behavioral Attitudes, and Obstacles and Challenges. The instrument's validity was confirmed by a panel of experts in curriculum, teaching methods, and measurement and evaluation to ensure the items' relevance to the study's objectives and domains. Furthermore, the instrument's reliability was established through appropriate statistical tests, and an analysis of other psychometric properties confirmed the questionnaire's suitability for field application. The findings revealed that the overall level of faculty attitudes towards employing AI technologies was moderate, with a mean score of (3.42), and the level of awareness and knowledge of AI technologies was also moderate, with a mean of (3.28). The results also indicated statistically significant differences (α ≤ 0.05) in attitudes attributable to years of experience, in favor of faculty with less experience. No statistically significant differences were found based on gender, academic specialization, or college. The most significant challenges identified were the lack of specialized training, inadequate technological infrastructure, and insufficient time for professional development. The study concluded with recommendations for designing specialized training programs, improving the technological infrastructure, and establishing a dedicated center for educational AI at the university.

The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped societies across the globe, not only through its devastating impact on public health but also by destabilizing economies, social relations, and cultural production. Beyond the immediate crisis, it has generated new modes of storytelling, inspiring a growing body of literary works that grapple with themes of vulnerability, resilience, and transformation in the face of systemic disruption. Within this broader context of global post-pandemic imaginaries, Iraqi literature written in English provides a particularly compelling case.
This paper investigates post-pandemic fiction in contemporary Iraqi writing, focusing on how narratives articulate crisis, recovery, and social transformation in a country already marked by
decades of war, sanctions, and occupation. Through close readings of works by Ahmed Saadawi, Sinan Antoon, and Hassan Blasim, the study examines how Iraqi authors engage with trauma, resilience, and the reconstruction of meaning under conditions of prolonged instability. The concept of post-pandemic fiction is redefined here to encompass not only responses to health crises such as COVID-19 but also the long-term disruptions of conflict, underscoring the parallels between global pandemics and Iraq’s systemic ruptures.
Beyond the canonical male voices, the paper incorporates gendered perspectives by highlighting the contributions of Betool Khedairi, Inaam Kachachi, and Helen Benedict, whose narratives foreground women’s experiences of war, displacement, and resilience. It also analyzes the role of the diaspora, showing how writers based in the United States and Europe construct a transnational memory that mediates between Iraqi trauma and global audiences. Finally, the study adopts a comparative lens, situating Iraqi fiction alongside Syrian and Lebanese post-crisis literatures, revealing shared themes of exile, memory, and identity reconstruction.
By integrating these dimensions, the article argues that Iraqi post-pandemic fiction functions as both an archive of collective trauma and an imaginative laboratory for resilience and social renewal. It highlights the capacity of literature to bridge local and global contexts, transforming the Iraqi experience into a universal reflection on crisis, adaptation, and the possibility of new futures.
Keywords: Pa

This paper analyses the contradiction between AI and human emotional language by employing a discoursal approach to Her (2013), directed by Spike Jonze. The article situates the film within broader anxieties about the changing influence of artificial intelligence on human communication, identity, and empathy, and, in doing so, centres language as a mediator between human and machine. Drawing on linguistic theories of discourse analysis, rhetoric, pragmatics, and post-humanist translation theory, the article investigates the (elusive) parameters of language as explored by an AI system that simulates an understanding of emotional belonging and self-reflection. The study addresses the question: How does Her depict language in response to its use to establish attachment between the human (here, Theodore) and the operating system? How does an AI system mimic, or come to overshadow, human language? Finally, how does the translation model help us understand this relationship between humans and AI at the levels of meaning/symbolism and self-interaction? It situates itself within the theoretical framework of narrative and discourse analysis (Labov & Waletzky, 1967) and is critically underpinned by a qualitative language study of speech between the protagonist and AI “Samantha” to focus on the material. It studies spoken language and its linguistic and paralinguistic (nonverbal) properties, arguing that they imply a level of lifelikeness in dialogue. The research also compares these results with current work in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine translation to assess the feasibility, implications, and ethical considerations of such high-level communication with AI. The film indicates that Her’s vision of an AI future is not limited to talking well; we will need a machine capable of emotional language just as much as it creates and understands dialogue. The AI’s sentient words evoke the kind of human bonding, haggling, and leaving behind that make it a manufactured but deeply moving version of human emotion. It raises questions of authorship and affects in effective communication—not only in linguistics, but also in translation studies.