University of Anbar Sport and Physical Education Science Journal

The research aimed at designing a questionnaire for the purpose of revealing the organizational culture and its impact on the technical supervisors in the directorates of sports and school activity in Iraq, and identifying the reality of their organizational culture. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method. The research community included the technical supervisors in the directorates of sports and school activity in Iraq, and their number was (279) technical supervisors represented by (20) directorates and after excluding (3) directorates (Salah Al-Din, Al-Anbar, and Nineveh) for security conditions and the difficulty of reaching them, their number was (33) technical supervisors and according to this, the number of the sample became (246) technical supervisors who form (88,17%) of the original research community.
The researchers concluded that the questionnaire of the organizational culture was valid and effective for measurement, and that the supervisors of the sports and school activity were characterized by an organizational culture in terms of values, beliefs, and communications. They recommended that the organizational culture questionnaire should be used to determine the level and efficiency of the supervisors of sports and school activity, and that to pay attention to the organizational culture in terms of values, beliefs, and communications, and providing the technical supervisors with the awareness to do so.

The current study aimed at identifying the application of the standards of quality and academic accreditation of the administrative system in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences. The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method. The research sample included the faculty members in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences. The study tool was prepared by the researchers after reviewing a collection of literature, research, and references related to the research subject and concerned with the standards of quality and academic accreditation in higher education. The validity and reliability of the form has been calculated and the researchers used the appropriate statistical means.
The main results of the research were that the standards of the administrative system for quality make it easy to be applied and they provide ample room for decision makers to devote their efforts to improve performance.
The two researchers recommended the need to include the standards of the administrative system in quality and academic accreditation in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences, the subject matter.

The research aimed at identifying the effect of the analytical and holistic methods in the acquisition of the skillful performance of free swimming and the preference of these two methods in the acquisition of the skillful performance of free swimming and the preference of the used methods and the method adopted by the teacher.
The researcher used the experimental method. The research sample included (21) students who were selected in a deliberate manner and they do not know how to swim from the original community of (55) students from the division (A, b). The sample was divided into three groups and the number of the members of one group was (7) students who were selected by lot. The researcher took into consideration the homogeneity and evenness of the sample which was selected from the first stage of the academic year 2015-2016.
The researcher concluded that there were statistically significant differences between the analytical method and the holistic method and in favor of the analytical method in teaching the free swimming and statistically significant differences between the two experimental groups of the research and the control group and in favor of the two experimental groups. He recommended the necessity to use the analytical method in teaching the free swimming.

The study aimed at identifying the effect of proposed exercises to develop the motor response and explosive force of the muscles of arms and accuracy of performing the skill of serving among the beginners of table tennis. The study was conducted on (6) players of the Ashti Table Tennis Club for beginners in the province of Sulaymaniyah. The pre measurements of the research sample were carried out after the variables under study were selected by the researchers according to the correct scientific methods followed. Subsequently, the proposed and prepared exercises were applied for (8) weeks with (3) training units per week, then the post tests were carried out in the same way as in the pretests. Afterward, the data and results were collected and processed statistically and presented with a table, analysis of their results, and then discussing them in scientific form based on the scientific sources.
The researchers concluded that the proposed exercises led to the development of the motor response, agility, and the explosive force of the muscles of the arms, and accuracy of performing the skill of serving among the table tennis beginners in the sample of the research. They recommended adopting these proposed exercises to raise the level of variables under study by table tennis beginners to get them to advanced positions.

The research aimed to identify the strength of visual focus and the accuracy of the performance of offensive technical skills and the relationship between the strength of visual focus and the accuracy of the performance of offensive technical skills and to identify the decline in the strength of visual focus with the accuracy of the performance of offensive technical skills in volleyball for Premier League players. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method and the standard score to suit the nature of the research and its objectives, while the research community included players of elite clubs in Iraq, numbering (6) teams for the season (2015), and the total community reached (79) players and (44) players were excluded between those who were prepared in their teams and libero players and the exploratory experiment sample, and those who were unable to attend, so that (35) players remained as the main experiment sample and represented a percentage of (44.303%). The researcher concluded that there is a significant correlation between visual vision and the skill of offensive technical sending and between visual vision and the skill of offensive technical crushing for Premier League volleyball players. He recommended adopting special exercises in visual vision for the skill of sending from jumping (flotter) and special exercises in Visualization of the smashing skill of Premier League volleyball players.

The research aimed at identifying the emotional maturity of the players of the national volleyball team, as well as identifying the relationship between the emotional maturity and the accuracy of performing the defense skill about the field in volleyball-sitting. The researchers hypothesized that there is a significant relationship between the emotional maturity and the accuracy of performing the defense skill about the court in volleyball-sitting. They used the descriptive approach in the method of associative relationships as a research methodology and its field procedures. The research sample was (15) players who are the players of the national team of volleyball-sitting for the season 2015- 2016.
The researchers presented and discussed the results they reached and they concluded that there is a positive relationship between the field of emotional maturity and the accuracy of performing the defense skill about the court in the volleyball-sitting. The researchers recommend the need that the trainers should pay attention to develop the emotional maturity because of its positive impact on the accuracy of performing the defense skill about the court in volleyball-sitting.

The research aimed at knowing the motivation of individuals towards the lesson of physical education and its relationship with the academic excellence among students in the second intermediate stage and also knowing the differences between two samples of students belong to one level of education through the difference of the level of the academic excellence. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach and then the experimental approach because of their appropriateness to the subject of the research. The research community included all the female students of the second intermediate stage and their number reached (90). The researcher took a sample represented by the division (A) and the number was (30) female students who represent the experimental group that is subject to the lesson of physical education. As for the division (C) whose number was (30) female students who represent the control group as the researcher excluded them from the lesson of physical education. The researcher studied the records of female students during the school year (2016-2017). A questionnaire was used to obtain the results through the statistical processes.
The researcher concluded that the motivation towards sport has proved that it has a prominent role in the academic excellence where the practitioners of physical education are more superior than non-practitioners. The lesson of physical education has a prominent role in the educational process and the motivation towards exercising the lesson of physical education has a role in the development of dimensions (healthy and gaining fitness mental and the academic excellence social and moral psychological and the social harmony external encouragement) by the practitioners of the sports activity. The researcher recommended that all schools teachers and students be encouraged to adhere to the physical education lesson because of its importance to develop the academic level scientific excellence developing all psychological social mental and health dimensions exposing the tendencies and desires of students and encouraging them to practice them preparing the teachers and establishing the courses to develop their skills and sports abilities to develop their lessons in their schools.

The research aimed at identifying the effect of the manifold method in improving the learning of the skill of the smash of the players of the National Center for the Care of Sports Talent of volleyball. The researchers used the experimental method of the control and experimental groups, and the number of (14) players were divided into two groups, control and experimental, and each group consisted of (7) players. After the application of the pretest of the skill, the educational units (24 units) were applied on the experimental group with four units per week and after the completion of the main experiment, the post test of the skill was conducted.
The researchers concluded that the educational units of the method of the manifold discovery and the method used by the National Centre for the Care of Sports Talent are effective in increasing the ability of players to learn the skill of smash in volleyball in varying degrees. Also, the manifold method has proved to be effective in learning in general and it can be used to learn the skill of smash in volleyball. The questions designed by the researchers for the manifold method of discovery contributed to raising the educational level of players about the skill of smash.

The aim of the research was to identify the willpower of the players participating in the Iraqi Northern Region League (2013-2014), and to identify the differences between the players. The research was conducted on a sample of advanced players participating in the Premier League, namely the Peshmerga, Erbil and Shaqlawa teams. The total number of the sample was (40) players who were chosen intentionally. (30) players were chosen for the main experiment and (5) players for the purposes of the exploratory experiment. The descriptive approach was used and the willpower scale was used) built by (Mohammed) Muwaffaq Al-Diou (J). The most important conclusions were the emergence of significant differences between all dimensions of the scale. As for the recommendations, they are to pay attention to modern psychological variables, especially advanced players in group games.

The research aimed to identify the relationship between the horizontal distance of the ball from the longitudinal axis at the 90 degree angle of the shoulder joint and the angle and speed of the ball's launch when performing a three-point jump shot in basketball. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method to suit its suitability to solve the research problem. The research sample was selected from the players of the Iraqi national team for the year 2016, numbering 6 players who are good at shooting from three points and constitute (40%) of the research community of (15) players. They were identified after a survey of the coaching staff as they are more knowledgeable about the capabilities of their players. The researcher concluded that the horizontal distance of the ball from the longitudinal axis at the 90 degree angle of the shoulder joint affects the values ​​of the ball's launch angle and has an effect on accuracy. He recommended that coaches should pay attention during training or educational units so that the player does not perform the skill incorrectly and maintains an appropriate horizontal distance from the longitudinal axis at the 90 degree angle of the shoulder joint.

The aim of the research was to prepare harmonious exercises performed in various forms and to use the experimental method due to its suitability, method, research, nature and problem of the research. The experimental research sample consisted of (8) players from Al-Wahda Club, who were selected by lottery to implement the proposed experimental method. The researcher concluded that the use of harmonious exercises in various forms in the special preparation stage had an effective impact on developing the research variables. He recommended the necessity of using compound harmonious exercises in different forms and spaces in training units for indoor soccer players of all age groups.

The aim of the research was to identify the obstacles facing the training of physical education teachers. The study sample consisted of physical education teachers in Baghdad Governorate - Karkh / Mahmoudiya Education Department. The sample size was (147) male and female teachers, including (101) male and (46) female physical education teachers. The researcher used the questionnaire tool (by Dr. Hatem Jabr 2009). The researcher used the descriptive analytical method, as it is one of the most appropriate methods for the nature of the problem. The researcher concluded the validity of the questionnaire in studying the obstacles facing the training of physical education teachers. The teachers' opinions agreed on the existence of obstacles in their training as teachers with the necessity of developing curricula for training by choosing the appropriate time and providing the material capabilities for training. He recommended the importance of practical education (field training) through effective follow-up and evaluation and addressing the comprehensive quality in training for teachers when developing the training curriculum.

The research aimed at building and applying the emotional arousal standard of the premier league players in volleyball for the sport season 2015. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method. The research community was determined by the volleyball players participating in the Elite League and their total number reached (168) players who were selected in a deliberate manner to be the total research sample (100%) of the research community. They were randomly divided into three samples to be the sample of the emotional arousal standard which is the sample of the statistical analysis to modify the achievement motivation standard itself, exploratory sample, and the main sample of the application.
The researchers concluded that the volleyball players need to reduce their emotional arousal because of the negative effects on the performance and achievement in the training and sport competition and they need to raise the motivation of achievement to improve their performance in the training units and the consequent superiority in the sports competition. They recommended the attention to the psychological preparation of the players as it is an important necessity for success in competitions, and treating the emotional arousal, and allocating training units for this purpose, and using the specialists in sports psychology from the academic staff to develop the programs which can increase the achievement motivation for the endeavor to satisfy the needs among players.

The research aimed to prepare ball possession exercises within specific areas and their effect on some physical abilities and to identify the differences between the pre- and post-tests for the experimental and control research groups in some physical abilities and to identify the differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests in some physical abilities of young football players. The researchers used the experimental method, as the research sample amounted to (26) players. (3) goalkeepers and (3) players were excluded due to injury. (6) players were selected to conduct the exploratory experiment, and they were divided into two equal experimental groups (10) players and the control group (10) players. The pre-tests were conducted, and then the curriculum was applied for a period of (12) weeks at a rate of (3) training units per week. The curriculum was used in the special preparation period and in the two methods of high-intensity and repetitive interval training. The researchers took into account the principle of gradualness and undulation with the load. After collecting the information, it was processed statistically using (SPSS). The researchers concluded that ball possession exercises within specific areas had a positive effect on some physical abilities of football players, so it was recommended that Conducting periodic tests to determine the players' training status.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of thinking styles of the second-stage female students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences and the relationship between thinking styles according to bodily-kinetic intelligence and the accuracy of shooting from high jumping in handball. The researchers assumed that there are no significant differences in the level of thinking styles according to visual-spatial intelligence and there is no significant correlation between thinking styles according to visual-spatial intelligence and the accuracy of shooting from high jumping in handball. The research sample included (31) female students from the second stage (A, (B) in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls in the intentional manner using the descriptive approach. They concluded that there is a strong correlation between thinking styles and visual-spatial intelligence and its positive impact on psychological and cognitive aspects. The level of visual-spatial intelligence has a positive impact on the performance and accuracy of shooting in handball, especially shooting from high jumping. Handball teachers were recommended to stay away from traditional methods in teaching female students basic skills and to use intelligence tests in testing female students in addition to skill tests.

The aim of the research was to study comparatively some biomechanical variables of motor performance between the skill of scoring by jumping from a standstill and rotation. The researcher assumed the existence of statistically significant differences between the skills of scoring by jumping from a standstill and rotation for the variables. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method. The research sample consisted of (6) players intentionally from Al-Karkh Sports Club for basketball for the 2014-2015 season out of (12) players. He concluded that there were significant differences between the values ​​of some biomechanical variables for scoring by jumping from a standstill and rotation in the preparatory stage, with significant differences between the values ​​of some biomechanical variables for scoring by jumping from a standstill and rotation in the main stage. He recommended the necessity of having a specialist in mechanical motor analysis in the sports field in order to analyze sports skills and provide coaches with technical points related to technical performance, while educating coaches to use motor analysis in the training process and the position through sound scientific foundations, the most important of which are mechanical foundations.

The research aimed to prepare exercises with training aids to develop rapid strength to achieve the javelin throw for the disabled of short stature category (40, 41). The researcher used the experimental method to solve the research problem while the research sample reached (3) players qualified for the Rio 2016 Olympics from the disability category of short stature (41, 40) and they represent 100% of the research community. The researcher conducted the pre-tests and the main experiment by applying the exercises for the training aids prepared by the researcher which lasted for (6) weeks at a rate of (3) weekly units. Then he conducted the post-tests under conditions similar to the pre-test as much as possible and used the SPSS system to process them statistically and concluded that the exercises with the aids used had an effective impact on achieving the javelin throw achievement by obtaining the sample members the gold medal for the athlete Kofan Hassan and the silver medal for the player Waldan (Nizar). The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting the exercises applied in the research due to their importance in reaching the achievement. High.

The aim of the research was to identify the importance of neuromuscular coordination for the foil player, while revealing the extent of the effect of these exercises in improving the speed and accuracy of performing the direct attack. The researchers assumed that there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in improving neuromuscular coordination in favor of the experimental group, and that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in improving the speed and accuracy of performing the straight attack with the foil weapon in favor of the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the research problem, and they determined the research community intentionally from the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Tikrit University - the third stage for the academic year 2015-2016, numbering (30) students. The research sample consisted of (4) students, and this sample was divided into two groups (experimental and control) by drawing lots, with (2) students for each group. They concluded that there is a significant correlation between neuromuscular coordination and the accuracy of performing the direct straight lunge skill. They recommended the necessity of linking neuromuscular coordination exercises with exercises for learning offensive and defensive skills with the foil weapon in order to achieve the best results in the educational unit. And training.

The aim of the research was to prepare a motor curriculum using the (X-BOX) technique and then identify the effect of the motor curriculum using the (X-BOX) technique on motor anticipation in the experimental research sample. The researchers used the experimental method with a strict control method, an experimental group + a control group on the research sample that was deliberately selected from players aged (15-16) years, numbering (44) boxers divided into (11) weights, meaning that one group includes (11) weights and (22) boxers. After conducting the equivalence between the experimental and control groups in the motor anticipation test, a motor curriculum was applied using the (X-BOX) technique and the motor curriculum was started over a period of (8) weeks, as the number of units reached (24) training units, at a rate of (3) units per week, in the special preparation stage. After completing the curriculum, post-tests were conducted. In light of processing the results reached by the researchers, it was concluded that the motor curriculum using the (X BOX) technique proved its efficiency in developing motor anticipation, as The experimental group that used the (X BOX) technology outperformed the control research sample in the motor prediction test. Therefore, the researchers recommend working on investing in the XBOX technology during training and learning in boxing and various sports.

The aim of the research was to prepare exercises in a complex manner to develop some types of strength in teaching technical stages and improving achievement in the triple jump for juniors and to identify the effect of exercises in developing some types of strength in teaching technical stages and improving achievement in the triple jump for juniors. The researchers assumed that there are statistically significant hypotheses between the pre- and post-tests of the research group in strength training and teaching technical stages and achievement in the triple jump and statistically significant differences for the pre- and post-tests of complex strength training in teaching and improving achievement for the research sample. The researchers used the experimental method and the research sample included jumpers from the National Center for Sports Talent Care, Ministry of Youth and Sports for the year 2016-2017 for juniors in the deliberate manner. The researchers concluded that the complex exercises that were used within the components of the proposed training curriculum and set to perform and develop the stages of effectiveness and develop types of strength showed effectiveness as well as the effectiveness of the programs or exercises that were used in the proposed training curriculum according to the performance of the complex exercises He recommended adopting the results of the studied variables to benefit from them with the results of the jumping athletes and diversifying the use of modern programs and methods appropriate to develop the achievement of the event.

The aim of the research was to prepare physical and skill exercises to develop some basic skills and physical abilities of indoor soccer players and to identify the effect of physical and skill exercises in developing some basic skills and physical abilities of indoor soccer players. The researchers assumed that there were statistically significant differences between the results of the physical and skill tests before and after the experimental and control research groups and statistically significant differences between the results of the physical and skill tests after the experimental and control research groups. The researchers used the experimental method with the pre- and post-test. The research sample consisted of indoor soccer players from the Police Sports Club representing the experimental group and the Air Force Sports Club representing the control group. Their number reached (40) players representing 100% of the research sample. They used the statistical package (SPSS) and concluded that the superiority of indoor soccer players who train with skill and physical exercises together in improving scoring and suppression skills and players who train with some of them, and skill and physical exercises play a role in this superiority. They recommended that attention be paid to Sports clubs to develop coaches' expertise in selecting and implementing exercises based on the results of this study.

The research aimed to identify the effect of psychological alienation on the performance of jump shooting. The researcher used the descriptive approach using a survey method on the players of the Iraqi national basketball team for the year (2015-2016), numbering (12) players. The alienation scale forms were distributed and received after ensuring that all players had completed filling out their forms accurately. Then, the players of the national basketball team were selected based on the skill of jump shooting. The researcher concluded that there is a correlation between psychological alienation and the level of performance of the skill of jump shooting in basketball, and the effect of the phenomenon of alienation on the players of the Iraqi national basketball team, due to the circumstances of the lack of incentives and support for the players of the national basketball team, which affects the high level of psychological alienation they experience.

The aim of the research is to find out the effect of the integration method (intensive random in learning some freestyle wrestling grips and the retention rate for both the followed method and the intensive random in some grips. The researchers assumed that there are significant differences in learning between the experimental group and the control group in some freestyle wrestling grips and in favor of the experimental group compared to the control group with significant differences between the results of the retention test for the experimental group and the results of the control group in some freestyle wrestling grips and in favor of the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research and the research community consisted of third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala for the academic year (2015) - 2016) and their number is (100) students. By drawing lots, the research sample was determined from (20) students representing (the control group as well as the experimental group and a group for the purpose of exploratory experiments). Students from the control group and the experimental group, repeaters, those with injuries, those absent from two or more educational units when implementing the main experiment, and distinguished students in the game of freestyle wrestling with players in the exploratory experiment were excluded. The researchers concluded that the method The intensive (random) integration method is more effective in learning some wrestling grips. The intensive (random) integration method achieved better retention than the method followed in some wrestling grips. It was recommended to follow the intensive (random) integration method in learning other wrestling grips as one of the successful educational methods in teaching and learning, with the integration of modern learning methods that lead to greater retention of learning.

The aim of the research was to build and apply a scale of creative thinking among decision-makers in the youth and sports directorates in Iraq. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the correlation survey method. The research sample consisted of decision-makers working in the youth and sports directorates and their affiliated forums in Iraq, numbering (521) directors. The researchers used the statistical package (SPSS) to process the results automatically and concluded that decision-makers working in the youth and sports directorates are distinguished by creative thinking through answering the paragraphs and axes of the scale. The researchers recommended the need to pay attention to creative thinking and how to develop or enhance it among the individuals of the research sample due to its effective role through development courses and adopting the scale.

The research aims to prepare complex exercises (physical skill) to develop goal-scoring from a standstill from outside the penalty area and to identify the effect of complex exercises (physical skill) through the results of the pre- and post-tests. The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in the skill of goal-scoring from a standstill in football in favor of the post-test using the experimental method. He deliberately selected his research sample from the players of the College of Physical Education and Sciences of Al-Mustansiriya University team, and their number reached (12) players out of a total of (22) players. The researcher then designed the training curriculum for developing the research's skill capabilities, which was applied to the sample for a period of six weeks at a rate of two training units per week. After that, he conducted the post-tests. The researcher concluded that the use of different training methods within a regular training curriculum contributed to enhancing the strength in the working muscle groups, which contributed to the development of the strength characterized by speed for the working leg muscles, and paying attention to strength training characterized by speed and explosive strength for football players can have a positive impact on the development of fixed playing conditions in football. The foot, including the skill of scoring, and he recommended emphasizing the training of some special physical abilities for football players due to their importance in applying various special skills.

The aim of the research was to prepare two therapeutic approaches using the Bio-Toxpro and Reflexology devices and to identify the effect of the therapeutic approach using the Bio-Toxpro device on some biochemical responses and fatigue indicators and the effect of the therapeutic approach using the Reflexololgy device on some biochemical responses and fatigue indicators among volleyball players. The researchers used the experimental approach in the style of two equivalent groups with a pre- and post-test, which is consistent with the nature of the problem. The researchers concluded that the effect of the two therapeutic approaches appeared in the research variables using the Bio-Toxpro and Reflexology devices and that the good organization of work periods and rest periods, in addition to calming and breathing exercises, has a positive effect on some recovery indicators. They recommended the use of modern recovery methods to reduce fatigue indicators among volleyball players, with attention to recovery periods among volleyball players of all ages.

The aim of the research was to know the extent of the effect of special exercises on some physiological abilities of handball players. The researcher used the experimental method on a sample of Al-Sumoud Sports Club handball players, numbering (20) players. (6) players were selected to conduct the exploratory experiment, and they were divided into two equal groups, the experimental (10) players and the control (10) players. Pre-tests were conducted, and then the curriculum was applied for a period of (12) weeks at a rate of (3) training units per week. The curriculum was used in the special preparation period and in the two methods of high-intensity and repetitive interval training. The researcher took into account the principle of gradualness and undulation of the load. Upon completion of the curriculum, post-tests were conducted in the same way as the pre-tests. After collecting the information, it was processed statistically using (SPSS). The researcher concluded that special exercises had a positive effect on some physiological abilities of handball players. Therefore, the researcher recommends the necessity of conducting periodic tests to determine the training status of the players.

The aim of the research was to prepare cognitive exercises to develop motor abilities among female tennis players and to identify the effect of using cognitive exercises in developing motor ability and its relationship to the accuracy of serve performance among female tennis players and the differences between the pre- and post-tests and the experimental and control groups in motor abilities and accuracy of serve. The researchers used the experimental method where the research community consisted of female tennis players, numbering (6) for the academic year 2015-2016, using cognitive exercises prepared by the researchers and concluded that cognitive exercises had a positive effect on developing motor ability and using cognitive exercises has the same effect in developing the accuracy of straight serve performance among female tennis players. It was recommended to take the results of this study and generalize them and emphasize equipping the courts with modern training methods, due to the positive return they achieve in skill development with the necessity of Emphasis on cognitive training in developing the serving skill for tennis players, as it is important in winning points.