Karbala Journal of Physical Education Sciences

The aim of the current research is to prepare educational units according to curve system ( Sereis and Lunithal ) model in the most important motor abilities and learning the dimensional stroke of the badminton for students, designing tests to measure the motor abilities and skills of the badminton for students, identifying the effect of the curve system ( Sereis and Lunithal ) model in the most important motor abilities and learning the dimensional stroke of badminton for female students, and identifying the preference of the effect between the system curve method according to (the model of Sereis and Lonital) and the method used in the most important motor abilities and learning the dimensional stroke of badminton for female students. The researchers used the experimental approach in order to suit the nature of the research problem to be solved and to achieve the objectives of the study and by designing equal control and experimental groups with the pre and post -tests. The research population included (73) female students of the second stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kerbala(55) and the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the Al-Safwa College University(18) for the academic year (2019 -2020). Appropriate tests were conducted for the study and the results were obtained that were statistically treated by the statistical package (SPSS). Through presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, the researchers concluded that the designed tests have the ability to give objective measurements in the motor abilities and performance of the frontal distancing strike skill, as well as the educational units according to curve system ( Sereis and Lunithal ) model have a positive effect on the superiority and upgrading of the experimental group students in developing the motor abilities dimensional stroke of the badminton for students. The researchers recommended making use of the designed tests and the necessity of applying this model in the field of learning badminton and other games

The aim of the research is to prepare spaced compound exercises in developing repeatability of speed for basketball players under 18 years old, to identify the effect of the spaced compound exercises in developing repeatability of speed for basketball players under 18 years old.The researchers used the experimental approach (equivalent groups design) for its suitability and the nature of the problem. The research community identified basketball players at the National Center for Sports Giftedness in Diyala Governorate, whose ages range from (16-18) years, and whose number is (17) players for the 2019-2020 training season. The research sample was randomly selected by (12) players. The exercises were applied for a period of (8) weeks in the special preparation phase to develop the ability to repeat the speed of the players. One of the most important conclusions reached by the researchers is that the compound exercises with specific distances prepared by the researchers helped in developing the ability to repeat the speed.

The aim of the research is to prepare a harmonic abilities program throughout aqueous medium to developing the explosive ability and defensive skills of the specialized school of handball players. The research assumed that there is a positive affective for the harmonic abilities program throughout aqueous medium to developing the explosive ability and defensive skills of the specialized school of handball players. The researchers used the experimental design with one experimental group to suit the nature of the problem studied. The researchers identified the research community with the (18) players of the specialized school of handball in the holy Kerbala governorate, with ages (10-12) years old, and (9) players were randomly selected as a sample for the research. The group is training on the harmonic abilities program throughout aqueous medium. The researchers concluded that the training program for the harmonic abilities program throughout aqueous medium has a positive effect in developing the explosive ability of some defensive skills among the members of the research sample, as well as that the harmonic abilities program throughout aqueous medium contributed to the development of explosive ability skills and some defensive skills clearly.

The strategy of empowering workers has been applied and proven effective in many organizations, and has entered the actual implementation department of some organizations in developing countries that have taken the path of administrative reform as an approach to them, but it did not take its way into application in Iraqi institutions, including sports institutions. Hence, the aim of the research is to identify the administrative empowerment of the heads of sports clubs from the point of view of football supervisors and players in the governorates of the Middle Euphrates. The research hypotheses that there is a good level of administrative empowerment among the heads of sports clubs from the point of view of the supervisors and football players in the governorates of the Middle Euphrates. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method, while the research population included supervisors and football players in the central Euphrates governorates, and the number of survey sample members was (20) supervisors and players, and the number of members of the main application sample was (200) supervisors and players. The ability of the administrative empowerment measure that was prepared and applied in measuring the administrative empowerment of the heads of sports clubs in the central Euphrates governorates in football

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the two methods of cardio and intervening exercises on some biochemical variables of the fitness center trainees for the ages of 25-30 years, to identify the effect preference of the two methods (cardio and intervening) in some biochemical variables of the research sample. The research population was determined by the trainees of the fitness centers in the holy Karbala governorate at the ages of (25-30) years, and (16) trainees from the (Queen) Center for Fitness were selected as a sample for the research, and the researchers divided the sample equally into two experimental groups, each group comprising (8) Trainees, the first group trained in a cardio-style, while the second group trained through intervening exercises. The researchers concluded that cardio-cardio exercises and intervening exercises have a great impact on the biochemical variables of the trainees, and that the overlapping exercises with cardio exercises have a greater effect than cardio exercises in the biochemical variants of the fitness center trainers.

Circular training is one of the important training method in developing the physical, motor and skill capabilities and abilities of players and is used in different ways. This training is based on different age groups for several reasons that are distinguished and specialize in circular training as well as being suitable for these age groups. Helps develop basic skills for young players. The research aims to identify the effect of skillful exercises through circular style in developing some basic skills in youth football. The researchers used the experimental approach with two equal groups, and the research population was the Karbala governorate of youth football clubs. The researchers concluded that the exercises used had a positive effect in developing some basic skills in youth football.

The aim of the research is to predict the level of arbitration in some mental and emotional capabilities using the (FENA) system for first class referees in volleyball, to identify the peripheral perception results using the (FENA) system for first class referees in volleyball, and to identify the percentage of the contribution of mental and emotional abilities in terms of peripheral perception using the (FENA) system for first class referees in volleyball. The researchers used the descriptive method and the survey method. The research population was the first-class referees of the Iraqi Super League in volleyball for men (2018-2019) season and their number was (70) referees, and (4) referee for the pilot survey. The researchers concluded that the peripheral perception variables are arranged according to the emotional skills of volleyball referees depending on the contribution ratios according to the average reaction on the left side, the total of the omitted reaction, and the average reaction, as well as the peripheral perception variables are arranged according to the mental skills of the volleyball referees depending on the percentages of the contribution according to For the average reaction on the left side, the sum of the reaction on the left side, and the total reaction time on the left side.

Mini-game training in football is one of the exercises loved by players, which takes place in narrow spaces and with a certain number of players, and this number may be equal or varying according to the ruled goals, and this helps to develop the speed of movement response as well as possession of the ball for young players. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of mini-game training developing kinetic response speed and possession of the ball for young soccer players. The research hypotheses that there was an effect of mini-games training in developing kinetic response speed and possession of the ball for young soccer players. The researchers used the experimental approach, and the researcher identified the research population the youth players from Karbala clubs, the sample involved the Iraq sports club of (20) players, the sample was divided into two experimental groups (10) players and a control group (10) players. The researcher concluded that the mini-games exercises are significant differences between the pre and post tests and in favor of the post test of the experimental group in developing kinetic response speed and possession of the ball for young soccer players.

The aim of the research is to identify the importance of sports investment and its impact on increasing the material potential and its reflection in the development of sports clubs as a source of self-financing that contributes to raising the economic and sports side of the players and workers. The researcher use the descriptive method by survey. The research sample involved (50) individuals who are members of the administrative and technical institute of some sports clubs in Baghdad, and among the most important results there are no objective and clear plans for sports investment in sports clubs. The current investment legal legislation does not allow sports clubs to maximize their financial resources, the lack of financial allocations in the clubs Sports has led to the cancellation of a number of sporting events and did not help in upgrading the economic aspect of the players, the administration of sports clubs relied heavily on the financial grant provided by the state to cover their own expenses. Administrative bodies to legislate laws for sports investment, and to overcome obstacles facing investors in the sports field to increase financial capabilities.

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of situational embarrassment of both types among middle school students aged (16-18) years, to identify the reality of the offensive skill performance of basketball among middle school students at ages (16-18) years, and to identify the nature of the correlative relationship between situational embarrassment and the skillful offensive performance of basketball at the ages of 16-18 years. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method to cope with solving the research problem and achieving its objectives. The research population was determined by the fifth year middle school students in Al-Zubair Prep for Boys, whose number is (80) students representing (4) classes, and one class was chosen randomly, their number (20), and they constitute (25%) of the original community. The most important conclusions were that the students were distinguished by two types of situational embarrassment, namely, high attitudinal embarrassment and low attitudinal awkwardness. The research recommended the emphasis on giving psychological exercises that address the standing embarrassment while learning the basic offensive skills of basketball under study, and the emphasis on learning using sports psychology in learning high attitudinal embarrassment, as it has a more impact on learning the skills under study.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of exercises similar to playing according to the distributed style in learning some skills of soccer for second grade intermediate students. The research assume that the exercises similar to playing according to the distributed style has a positive effect in learning some skills of soccer for second grade intermediate students. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research with the design of one group with pre and posttests. The research population was chosen by the intentional method, which is the second-grade intermediate students. As for the research sample, it amounted to (20) students out of (51) students. In light of the findings of the researchers, they concluded that similar exercises to play have a positive effect on acquiring basic football skills. Repetition of some exercises led to the acquisition of some basic skills and thus their fixation and development. The research recommended the necessity of applying exercises similar to playing in other games for different stages.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using the Schematic Approaches in teaching some complex offensive skills for students. The researchers used the experimental approach by designing the equivalent control and experimental groups with the pre and post tests. The research sample consisted of (86) students in the fourth stage, divided into three classes, namely (A.B.C), As for the research sample, it amounted to (20) students, divided into two groups, a control group and an experimental group, The research concluded the superiority of the experimental group that worked using the Schematic Approaches in teaching some complex offensive skills for students

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between Concentration of attention and the accuracy of shooting from different distances for Salah El Din club junior players in hand ball, to identify the relationship between Concentration of attention and close shooting accuracy and correction from the 7-meter throw of Salah al-Din club junior players. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the correlational method. The research sample consisted of 20 players from the Salah El Din Sports Club in handball which participating in the Iraqi league for the 2013-2014 season. The researchers concluded that there is a clear weakness in the Concentration of attention among the members of the research sample due to the few values obtained after the tests, and due to the small time and training age of the members of the research sample.

The aim of the research is to design optical cones device, to prepare special exercises using optical cones device, and to identify the effect of the training approach in developing some harmonic abilities of the research sample. The researchers assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and post tests of the experimental research sample in developing the harmonic capabilities. The researchers used the experimental approach to suit the nature of the research. The research population included the players of the Giftedness National Center for Sports and their number (32) players, and the researcher approved in selecting the sample age (15-16 years). The results of the research showed the great importance of training on non-traditional devices, as it represents a qualitative leap in training methods, which increases the desire for boxing in training, as it shortens the way to reach goals and develop capabilities, In addition, the special exercises simultaneous with the use of the manufactured luminous cones device is very important in developing the harmonic abilities by acquiring the required organization, high coordination and tabulation of movements, as well as the increase in coordination between the nerve cells sent from the brain to the muscles and between the working muscles.

The study aimed to prepare a standard for evaluation of the professional and administrative competencies required for a university lecturers in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences from the students ’point of view at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Maysan, and it also aimed to uncover the variables that could have an impact on the judgments issued by students on the professional competence required of for a university lecturers. The researchers used the descriptive approach .The sample of the study consisted of (190) students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Maysan. The researcher used the professional and administrative competencies scale, which includes (6) axes for the competency scale, with (75) items distributed over the six dimensions. By using (Ka-2) and the (T) test, the following conclusion was reached. The professional competencies required for a university professor from the students ’point of view revolve around six major competencies: (personal qualities, lecture performance, preparation for it, the human aspect, evaluation and external activities, academic level and professional and administrative skills, Motivation methods), and there are differences in levels among college students for the professional and administrative competencies required for a university professor, and all tend to require specific requirements for the professional and administrative competencies of the university lecturers

The research aims to prepare a recreation program with small games and apply the psychological skills scale, to uncover the differences between the control and experimental groups in psychological skills between the pre and posttests, and to uncover the differences between the two groups in psychological skills between the two post-tests. The researcher assumed that there are significant differences between the control and experimental groups in psychological skills between the two post-tests and in favor of the experimental group. The research population included students of Al-Warka Secondary School for Boys, and the sample was chosen randomly, as it reached (20) students, and the sample was divided into two groups. Control and one experimental, at a rate of (10) each. After presenting and discussing the results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, among which is that the small games program of the experimental group has achieved a better development in psychological skills than the traditional approach followed by the control group, which indicates the positive effect of small games in improving the process of psychological skills

The research aims to design two rehabilitation programs to improve the functioning of the shoulder joint after repeated dislocation of the two research groups. The hypotheses were that there was a significant difference between the post-tests of the two experimental research groups in the research variables under study and in favor of the post test. Of the club players who had injuries (repeated dislocations) and their number was (8) and their percentage was (5.97%) from the research community. The researcher concluded that the rehabilitation program led to an increase in the range of motion of the affected joint, and the researcher recommends using the rehabilitation program when rehabilitating the affected shoulder joint with frequent dislocations, paying attention to all the muscles working on the shoulder joint and not focusing on some muscles but not others

The research problem centered on helping coaches to choose appropriate training programs for youth in football, which are actually based on solid scientific foundations and accurate physical and physiological tests to develop the functional state of some cardiac indicators and the accuracy of scoring from stability for young football players. The study aimed to design two different training programs to develop pulse, pulse pressure, and accuracy of scoring from stability and to know their effectiveness on these variables, as the first program included compound exercises in a half-court, while the second program included free play with a half-court. The two researchers used the experimental approach, and the research sample was two experimental groups consisting of (32) young players with (16) players for each group. The first group implemented the first program (compound exercises), and the second applied the free play program. The researchers concluded the preference of the first program in developing research variables and recommended by adopting the program and applying it to other samples, games and various events

The research aims to identify The effect of e-learning in achievement and development of cognitive motivation among second-grade intermediate students through Geographic and History subject. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher chose an experimental design with partial control of the two research groups and rewarded the students of the two research groups with a set of variables. The scientific material subject to the research experiment was represented in the first three chapters of the Geographic and History subject books to be taught for the second intermediate grade. As for the two research tools, they were represented by the achievement test prepared by the researcher. From (40) test items of the multiple test type and its apparent validity and content were verified, and the cognitive motivation scale consisting of (26) test items was also verified, and its apparent validity was also verified and after the post-test of both tools and by processing the data statistically, the results showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group with both tests. This education enjoys an organized scientific methodology that helps students acquire knowledge in addition to using e-learning more suitable for teaching Geographic and History subject.

The aim of the research is to prepare specialized exercises for players of the ages of 15-17, as well as to identify the effect of specialized exercises on the development of anaerobic-phosphates ability, motor velocity, and the performance of simple and combined attack with a fencing weapon for players ages 15-17. The researchers used the experimental method with two experimental groups of pre and post test for its suitability to solve the research problem, and the research community was identified with the youth players ages (15-17) years and their number (16) players, carrying out specialized exercises over a period of two months, and then conducting the post-tests, and after collecting the results, they were statistically treated. The researchers concluded in the conclusions that the specialized exercises helped the development of the anaerobic-phosphates ability of the experimental group, as well as that the specialized exercises helped the development of the motor speed of the two legs of the experimental group. Therefore, the two researchers recommend: investing in specialized exercises that have been prepared in developing other physical and motor capabilities in the sport of fencing, and paying attention to biomechanical capabilities, physiological variables and skill performance through preparing special exercises and exercises to increase excitement and suspense among fencing players

The aim of the research is to prepare mixed flexibility and special compatibility exercises in developing some basic skills for basketball players under (20) years, and to identify the effect of mixed flexibility and special compatibility exercises in developing some skills under (20) years. The researcher used the experimental approach designed with the control and experimental groups to suit the solution of the research problem and achieve its objectives. The research community was neutralized by Al Menaa Sports Club in basketball players under (20) years old. (12) players, a basic formation for the team, and in light of it were divided into two groups (control and experimental) and the number of each group (6) players. The most important conclusions are that mixed flexibility and special compatibility exercises are important in raising the level of basic skills for basketball players under (20) years old.

The aim of the research is to prepare mixed flexibility and special compatibility exercises in developing some basic skills for basketball players under (20) years, and to identify the effect of mixed flexibility and special compatibility exercises in developing some skills under (20) years. The researcher used the experimental approach designed with the control and experimental groups to suit the solution of the research problem and achieve its objectives. The research community was neutralized by Al Menaa Sports Club in basketball players under (20) years old. (12) players, a basic formation for the team, and in light of it were divided into two groups (control and experimental) and the number of each group (6) players. The most important conclusions are that mixed flexibility and special compatibility exercises are important in raising the level of basic skills for basketball players under (20) years old.