AL Ghary Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences

The industrial sector occupies the forefront in the structure of the national economy of both developed and developing countries, which seek to achieve advanced economic levels. Which qualifies it to be among the emerging industrial countries, but Iraq is one of the least developed countries in the world, and that the industrial sector in it is still backward, and suffers from severe weakness, and the deterioration of all its industrial facilities, as a result of the difficult conditions that this sector was exposed to during The past decades are represented by wars and destruction, the deterioration of the security and political situation of the country, the exposure of its facilities to acts of destruction and looting, the obsolescence of equipment and production lines, their failure to keep pace with technological developments, and the growing role of administrative and financial corruption in the country, which negatively affected its weakening, its inability to compete in local markets, and its weak productivity. . In order to evaluate the performance of the industrial sector, it is necessary to determine the reality of its industrial facilities by analyzing some economic indicators based on the data published by the Ministry of Planning / Central Statistics Organization, Department of Industrial Statistics for the period (2004-2018). The study showed through the analytical presentation of indicators, standards Adopted in the performance evaluation, the low efficiency of the performance of the industrial sector in Iraq during the study period, and it did not witness a great development, and was not at the required level in supporting the national economy, meeting the local demand for industrial goods and products, and the low percentage of its contribution to the gross domestic product

The importance of the research lies in being an important attempt to find out the reality of poverty in Iraq through some indicators and to develop appropriate proposals to get out of this phenomenon, and Iraq has recently witnessed a wide increase in poverty rates until poverty has become a problem that threatens the economy and society, which necessitates governments Following financial and economic policies to combat it and eliminate it by stimulating government spending on the health, education and service sectors. The results of the research revealed the ineffectiveness of the economic policies followed, especially in the financial aspect, and that they are still below the level of the normal relationship in the nature of the impact of their performance. From the increase in financial and then actual allocations as a result of the implementation of the general budgets of the Iraqi state, which was negatively reflected in the level of health products and the Iraqi per capita share of them from 0.061% in 2004 to 0.061% in 2019, as well as what was revealed by the results of the social and economic survey in Iraq after 2012 An increase in some indicators and a decrease in others, so that it is considered uneven among the Iraqi governorates.

Iraq is one of the oil-producing countries that depend on the oil resource to finance the budget and the economy. Oil revenues constitute large proportions of total public revenues, often reaching more than (90%). However, the fluctuations in oil prices, the wars waged by the previous regime, and the increase in public spending, were reflected in the increase in public debt rates since the eighties of the last century. The accumulated debt has had direct and indirect effects on most economic variables, including inflation rates, given the close relationship between public debt rates and inflation in most countries of the world, especially the developing ones. The relationship between public debt and inflation in Iraq during the period (2004-2020) was tested using the ARDL model. The results showed the weak impact of public debt, both internal and external, on inflation rates in Iraq during the study period, which indicates the limited impact of public debt on inflation and the linkage of the latter with variables other than public debt in terms of exchange. rates, given that Iraq is highly dependent on imports. To meet the domestic demand for various types of goods and services.

Although public expenditures are a tool used by the state in managing public administration and satisfying public needs, it is one of the financial policy tools of any country, that is, through which the state intervenes in economic and social life, and through it the government’s performance is evaluated through studying and analyzing the structure of the public budget. It is also noted that public expenditures in Iraq after 2006 have taken increasing paths in preparing the operating budget until the present time, and to correct the imbalances in the sectors of the Iraqi economy, which depends on oil revenues in preparing the general budget and directing investment spending towards real development in accordance with its policy aimed at diversifying the Iraqi economy And work to the extent of benefit from resorting to following the budget programs and performance in Iraq.

This study aims to study the impact of economic exposure on the current account in Iraq by applying autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) to cointegration using annual data for the period from 1990 to 2019. The bounds tests suggest that the variables of are bound together in the long-run when current account is the dependent variable. As for the diagnostic tests for the validity of the standard model, as a whole, all results confirmed the validity of the used model and that it has not the problem of heterogeneity, as well as the serial autocorrelation of the residuals, and that the parameters are stable in the long term.

The current study aimed to know the nature of the relationship and the effect between fear marketing, which is one of the modern topics in marketing thought, emotional balance and psychological security of the customer, by reducing the severity of fear marketing that customers were exposed to during the Corona crisis. The application was carried out in (Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital, Al-Hakim General Hospital and Martyr Hassan Hallous Hospital) and took into account the opinions of a sample of diverse medical staff and what are the means that are used in the face of health risks resulting from the Covid 19 epidemic, and the study identified its main question on the field side ((Whenever There was interest by hospital workers, the study sample, in the emotional balance and psychological security of the customer whenever this led to the reduction of fear and panic marketing, and this study contributed to addressing a field problem as a result of the epidemic that killed the whole world.The importance of the study focused on the cognitive importance of the study variables and the field importance of the sample. The questionnaire was used as a main tool in data collection, as (270) questionnaire forms were distributed to a sample of workers in these surveyed hospitals, and (172) questionnaires were collected with a retrieval rate of (64%) and they were excluded (20) questionnaire forms are not valid for analysis, and the number of valid forms was (152) that were analyzed using many statistical tests including n statistical software .

The research aims to demonstrate the role of harmony in the workplace in achieving the sustainability of the human resource in the organization in question. The research relied on the descriptive approach through the distribution of a questionnaire for the opinions of a sample of workers in private hospitals operating in the province of Najaf, which numbered 194 viewers, through the results of the data The harmony and cooperation among individuals working in private hospitals made the sustainability of the human resource in the long run, and providing the organization through practical results with results, hypotheses, conclusions and recommendations and giving knowledge, cooperation and harmony more that are commensurate with private hospitals, and the results of the research indicate that harmony in the workplace can From the sustainability of the human resource in the long term, as well as to study the importance of the fact that there is a dearth of previous studies on the subject of sustainability of the human resource and an attempt to determine the knowledge of the relationship between the research variables (harmony in the workplace and sustainability of the human resource).

The amnesia of organizational memory during the work of business organizations and the failure to benefit from their organizational learning in a short time, made the position of the strategic profile more important than ever before in retrieving the organizational memory.

The main objective of the research is to know the role of the strategic profile in maintaining organizational memory and the relationship and impact statement. Then it is possible to know the determinants of the occurrence of organizational forgetfulness in organizations and how to get rid of it.

As the Zahra Hospital in the Al-Najaf Governorate was the organization under consideration, the two researchers surveyed the opinions of a number of its employees, and the research sample reached (50) responses upon which the analysis could be conducted. A set of descriptive and inferential statistical tests and methods were conducted on the obtained data, using the (SPSS v.26) program.

The research came out with a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the health institution’s interest in having a strategic profile will contribute to preserving the organizational memory by demonstrating the relationship and impact between the two variables of the research. The research came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is to increase the management’s interest in Al Zahraa Hospital, the research community, in the concept of the strategic profile, and to make organizational learning processes and knowledge retention among the priorities that must be implemented in its field work.

The study aimed to determine the relationship of the influence of the independent variable business intelligence on the variable re-engineering banking operations, in the private banks investigated. The importance of the study was represented by addressing two important variables to determine the extent of the possibility of survival and continuity of the work of private banks, which are business intelligence and re-engineering banking operations, as the accumulation of knowledge has an effective role in achieving a work environment capable of keeping pace with everything new in the field of bank work and achieving its goals in a manner It included the achievement of high performance through the application of business intelligence techniques in a manner that ensures the enhancement of the possibility of re-engineering banking operations, and for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the study, and answering its questions, the descriptive analytical approach was used, to reach the results, and the study was taken from private banks in the city of Baghdad as a community. (92) questionnaires were distributed to individuals working in a number of private banks, and all the questionnaires were retrieved and all of them were valid for analysis, and the study adopted the questionnaire as a main tool, in addition to the interviews conducted by the researchers with a number of members of the sample surveyed, and after collecting data and information and processing it statistically, the study found To a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: The impact of business intelligence on the re-engineering of banking operations.

This research aims to analyze the effect of strategic insight in avoiding strategic drift in a sample of private commercial banks in Baghdad Governorate. The importance of the research lies in the scarcity of research that dealt with strategic insight and its role in avoiding strategic drift in a sample of private banks. This research is considered one of the first studies that address a real problem that affects organizations, which is strategic drift. The questionnaire was used to collect information by (155) One of the administrative leaders working in banks. The results produced by the research sample revealed the existence of an effect of strategic insight in avoiding strategic drift. The research concluded that there is an inverse relationship between strategic insight and strategic deviation, and there is also an effect of strategic insight in strategic drift. The research recommended the need for administrative leaders in banks to pay attention to the techniques of insight. Strategy and its adoption as a philosophy. To enable them to avoid strategic drift.

The purpose of this tagged scientific study is to know the techniques of artificial intelligence as the independent research variable, represented by four sub-dimensions: "machine learning, deep learning, and expert systems, artificial neural network", in strategic leadership as the responsive variable for research, represented by six sub-dimensions: Vision, Innovation, Flexibility, Acceptance of Risk, Diagnosing Opportunities, and Growth. The research was conducted at Al-Najaf International Airport, as a research community, from which a random sample of human resources comprising (314) people was selected, and their opinions were surveyed according to a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, and non-parametric statistical tools were used. The statistical software (SmartPLS v3.3.3) was used. The result of the research was the existence of a correlation and impact between artificial intelligence techniques in the response variable strategic leadership, and the study reached conclusions, the most important of which was found that decision-making processes at Najaf International Airport depend mainly on the processes of retrieving data and information from them through a database and electronic and paper archives with it, except It is not at the required level in line with the environmental challenges whose adoption contributes to predicting the occurrence of potential risks and problems, in an effort to prevent them before they occur. Human resources, as well as enhancing their capabilities with development programs related to spreading the culture of innovation in the organization, in order to enhance leadership effectively and sustainably.

The current research deaIt with one of the most prominent topics that appeared recentIy، which was the excIusive interest of many economists، and the study incIuded the impact of the Corona virus on the banking operations of the banking sector in lraq·

The research probIem was represented by deIving into the impact of the Corona pandemic and its repercussions on the banking operations of the banking sector، as well as its repercussions on the external environment، which reflected negatively on the work of the banking sector·Mishkhab Branch، Al Rafidain Branch، Al Amir District، Al Rafidain Bank، Al Ghari Branch) The study relied on the questionnaire as a tool for data collection، and(110)questionnaires and(99) were retrieved and distribute to the owners and wokers of the researched banks·

The study included a main hypothesis showing the effect relationship، and the statistical program(SPSS V·23)SmartPLS) was relied on to analyze the data and extract results of the relationships·

The research reached a set of results، the most important of which is a correlation and influence between the research variables، and the impact of banking operations by the Corona pandemic، and among the most important conclusions reached by the research is the bank bearing additional costs as a result of the Corona pandemic، and the researched banks reliance on the capabilities of human resources to overcome crises

The research aims to identify the philosophy of organizational agility and measure the level of its application in the General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Najaf branch, and analyze the elements of organizational agility within the company, and determine the requirements and ways to apply organizational agility as well as its obstacles and ways to improve them in line with the reality and environmental conditions in which the company lives, where agility is considered The organizational is one of the important strategies in the work supported by the speed of sensing and response to adaptation and alignment with the company’s environment and that the power of sensing, speed of response and flexibility in adapting to it. A company ready to reach this level, it needs an active and important role that organizational agility plays in a possible transformation in the behavior of human resources when performing tasks so that they are more ready to work. Therefore, the agile company is the one that can meet the requirements of its customers with the speed of response to achieve those requirements through careful research and continuous sensing in the work environment to take advantage of the emerging developments in the external and internal work environment that smile with uncertainty and entanglement, provided that sensing is accompanied by the organization developing the level of response with that Changes through the development and re-design of operations as well as the redistribution of organizational resources and reshaping of the organizational structure, which in turn enhances the development of the organization’s capabilities to survive and continue in the business world to achieve goals. The descriptive analytical method was relied on, and the study tool was a questionnaire consisting of 16 paragraphs to monitor the reality of the application of organizational agility within the company, Najaf branch. It was divided into three main axes. The questionnaire was applied to the sample of employees, which amounted to 90 employees of the General Company for Agricultural Supplies. Of which 74 are valid questionnaires for analysis, have already been used in statistical analysis, and the program SPSS.Microsoft.ExcelV.25) and smartpls) has been used for the purpose of data processing and to ensure the validity of the hypotheses of correlation and influence and to come up with the most important conclusions. The researcher reached to accept the two main hypotheses of correlation and influence, and he recommended the necessity of the company's adoption of organizational agility and its dimensions for the purpose of achieving strategic readiness. The study reached several results, the most important of which is the reality of organizational agility in the General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Najaf Branch, which was high, showing that the company has organizational agility.

This research aims to reveal the extent of interest of the researched organization represented by (the Directorate of Civil Status, Passports and Residence in Najaf), with the research variables (comprehensive leadership and strategic clarity), as well as testing the relationship and influence between them. Analyze the data, which were collected based on the questionnaire form.

It was presented to the arbitrators in the field of business administration and as indicated in Appendix No. (1), it included (39) paragraphs distributed among the research variables and their sub-dimensions, as an intentional sample of (160) department and division managers was chosen, and distributed to them to answer the paragraphs of a questionnaire The research and retrieved (135) questionnaires valid for statistical distribution, with a response rate of (84%).

The research tested two main hypotheses based on ready-made statistical programs (Smart PLS and SPSS v.23), and a set of results and conclusions were reached, the most prominent of which was that comprehensive leadership is a basic requirement in the strategic clarity process; Because the decision maker can think with a long-term view and the ability to take note of the environmental variables.

The relationship between comprehensive leadership and strategic clarity is a new construct, and it is one of the factors that affect the nature of employees’ behavior and provide them with an appropriate climate, which contributes to developing organizational performance and avoiding organizational problems.

The results of the research confirmed the necessity of applying comprehensive leadership and its combined dimensions at the level of the organization under study, which by its nature enhances strategic clarity.

The research aims to diagnose the level of influence of the leadership of the fifth level and its repercussions with its dimensions (personal humility, professional will) on sustainable organizational performance in its dimensions (economic sustainability performance, social sustainability performance, environmental sustainability performance). In the Ashur General Company for Construction Contracting, one of the (421) formations of the Ministry of Construction, Housing, Municipalities and Works, a random sample of (200) respondents was selected, as 210 forms were distributed to the employees of the said company, among which 145 were valid for statistical analysis and proved Theoretical results and survey studies that there is a knowledge gap in the adoption of some modern leadership styles, including the leadership of the fifth level to achieve positive results, most notably sustainable organizational performance. The guarantor that can help Iraqi companies achieve sustainable organizational performance Research on some modern methods of leadership represented by the adoption of the fifth level leadership style to achieve sustainable organizational performance.

The results showed the validity of most of the research hypotheses, and based on them, a number of recommendations were formulated, the most prominent of which is the need to adopt the dimensions of the fifth level leadership as it contributes to enhancing sustainable organizational performance.

The aim of the current research is to know the level of direct impact of the relationship between the organizational climate represented by (organizational justice, organizational support, participation in organizational decisions) and job burnout represented by (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, low personal achievement), and then measure the extent of that intensification. Impact or not through the interaction of administrative empowerment represented by (Meaning, Competence, Autonomy, Impact) as a mediating variable in the relationship between the two variables. For the purpose of reaching the results related to the research variables through the questionnaire prepared as a main tool for collecting the primary data related to the research, (55) questionnaires were distributed to the employees working in the traffic complex for vehicle registration and driving licenses in Babil Governorate. The number of retrieved and valid questionnaires for statistical analysis was (43) forms, and the statistical analysis program SPSS v.24 was used to analyze data and extract results related to describing and diagnosing research variables, testing its hypotheses, and verifying data accuracy, content validity and consistency using some statistical measures. The research found a set of results, the most important of which is the presence of direct influence relationships with high moral significance between the organizational climate as an independent variable on the job burnout and its dimensions as a dependent variable, And this effect becomes stronger to explain the variation in job burnout when administrative empowerment is entered as a mediating variable in the indirect influence model, which reinforces the inverse significant relationship between organizational climate and job burnout.

The research aims to study and apply modern cost techniques, especially the techniques of target cost and concurrent engineering with its three dimensions, product design, production process design, supply chain design, because of their important role in improving product quality and reducing the time of designing, manufacturing, assembling and marketing products and performing production processes in conjunction with each other, The research was conducted in Al Diwaniyah tire factory of the State Company for Rubber industries and tires, To achieve this goal, the researchers also relied on the deductive approach in completing the theoretical part and the inductive approach in completing the practical part. the results indicate that there is a necessity for the factory to adopt the research sample of modern financial and cost techniques, especially the target cost and concurrent engineering for its important role in developing and improving product quality and cost reduction.

The research aims to study the relationship and influence between the efficiency of investment decisions and the value of the company, by applying it in a sample of the Iraqi private banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, amounting to (15) banks for the period (2010-2015) with 148 views.

The research variables were quantitatively measured based on the published financial reports of the Iraqi private banks, as well as conducting the approved statistical tests such as the binary test, one-way anova, linear regression, correlation coefficient, T test and F test. ) by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

The most important finding of the research is that there is a collection and analysis of data for making investment decisions in Iraqi private banks, which results in the efficiency of the investment decisions taken, and the decrease in the market value of the Iraqi private banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, and the efficiency of the investment decisions taken affects the value of the company

The research aims to highlight and identify the Time-Directed Benchmarking (TDBM) technique as one of the modern technologies by relying on time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) information to enhance benchmarking procedures between hospitals (research sample) and make them more effective compared to the benchmarking The most important of the conclusions reached is the Time-Directed Benchmarking (TDBM) technique in the health sector, as it helps in conducting a comparison between hospitals in terms of time and cost and working on evaluating their performance in an effective way to know the best performance of hospitals and provide a better health service, in addition to knowing the strengths Weaknesses and work to address them continuously.