Journal of Misan Researches

The current research aims to identify:
Mathematics teachers' perceptions of cognitive learning theories. In order to achieve the goal of the current research, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the basic study sample consisted of (78) teachers and schools, which constitutes (20%) of mathematics teachers in Misan Governorate for the academic year (2022-2023) and they were chosen randomly. The researcher considered a research tool, a questionnaire to identify the perceptions of mathematics teachers about cognitive learning theories, and it consisted of (33) paragraphs distributed on (4) fields, and then the researcher applied the research tool in a final and analyzed its results using a set of statistical methods, including (frequencies and ratios Percentile, T-test for two independent unequal samples, Chi-square test (x²), Alpha-Cronbach’s coefficient for calculating stability, Pearson’s coefficient), and the results showed: that male and female mathematics teachers had strong perceptions of cognitive learning theories, and the researcher returns that For several reasons, including the fact that most of the mathematics teachers in secondary and middle schools show that they have beliefs and knowledge about cognitive learning theories, and this confirms their adoption during their teaching. In light of the research results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions

Art permeates the environment and enters its familiar and unfamiliar components with a vital entry to the data of nature and to the cultural and social gains and achievements of man in terms of culture and arts. Achieving this, rather, he carries out a process of breaching the fragments of the natural environment, adding special treatments and formulations to it, and crystallizing them for us to present them in aesthetic patterns. And due to the vital and aesthetic importance of this subject, the researcher sought to address this in her current study tagged (the environment and its relationship to the open visual display in contemporary composition) in four chapters, through which the researcher completed the requirements of the study: The first chapter included (the methodological framework): the problem of our research was established according to the following question (What is the aesthetic value of the environment and its role in the visual display of contemporary plastic arts?), Then came the importance of research and the need for it to shed light on the important aspects for which the researcher established this study. The environment and its relationship to the open visual presentation in contemporary formation. As for the limits of the research, the temporal borders were between (2000-2022 AD), and the spatial borders: the continents (Asia, Europe, America, and Africa), and the human borders: contemporary plastic artists. As for the second chapter (the theoretical framework), it included two sections: the first topic: the nature of the environment and its philosophical concept: the second topic (types of the environment and their relationship in the artistic work) and the theoretical framework ended with a set of indicators, the third chapter (research procedures), which includes the research community: it included works and Research sample and research methodology: In the light of the research objective and the data included in the theoretical framework, the descriptive approach was adopted to analyze the content. The researcher also adopted the observation tool, the indicators of the theoretical framework, and then the analysis of the research sample. As for the fourth chapter, the results, conclusions, proposals and recommendations

This study aims to identify the following :
Evaluating the pictures of science books for the primary stage according to the elements of technical formation. As for the community of this study is all the pictures of science books for the first grades of the primary stage in the Republic of Iraq for the academic year (2021-2022), and the research sample is consisted of a set of pictures for the first three stages of primary school, namely the first, second, and third according to the scientific method (the stratified random method). To achieve the goal of this study, the researcher compiled a list of criteria that included technical configuration items. After reviewing the sources, studies, researches, images and the educational forms (the educational media), and their validity was confirmed after being presented to the jury members, so the list consisted of (5) main areas: (shape, line, color, texture, and space).
These domains consisted of (23) indicators, and to ensure the stability of the evaluation, the researcher used the evaluation method in agreement
with the external evaluators by using the Holstey equation. The stability coefficient between the two evaluations(95%) As for the researcher and the first evaluator (92%), and the researcher and the second evaluator (90%) and the stability coefficient between the first and second evaluator(88%).
The researcher uses (the explicit idea) as an evaluation unit in this study. For the purpose of extracting the results, the researcher uses the frequencies and percentages of the elements of technical formation. The results concluded that the main field (Fig. A) is the most frequent and recurring field in science books for the primary stage, where the frequency reached (183) and its percentage (92%) in the first grade, while the results of the second grade with a frequency of (117) and its percentage (94%), and in the third grade, its repetitions (92) and its percentage (88%), followed by the main field (Space) in the second order in order of frequencies and percentages, where the repetitions in the first grade reached (91) and a percentage of (76%), and the second grade has a frequency of (71) and its percentage ( 71%), and in the third grade with a frequency of (66) and its percentage (79%).
While, in the main field ( line) the third in order, where the repetitions for the first grade reached (110) with a percentage of (73%), and for the second grade with a frequency of (94) and the percentage of (75 %), the third grade (75) and its percentage (70%).
The fourth main field (color) and the repetitions of the first grade (78) and its percentage (65%), the second grade with a frequency of (73) and its percentage (73%), and the third grade with a frequency of (63) and its percentage (75%).
The fifth major field (texture) and the repetitions of the first grade (113) and its percentage (75%), the second grade with (99) and its percentage (79%), and the third grade with (86) and its percentage (82%).

This study aims to know the level of practicing the skills of classroom questions by primary school Arabic teachers.To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher has adopted a descriptive survey method. The sample of the study comprises 40 male and female Arabic teachers from Maysan province in the study year 2021-2022. The Sample has been chosen randomly. The researcher constructed a checklist, as the instrument of the study, to collect data to know the level of practicing the skills of classroom questions by primary school Arabic teachers. The instrument is thirty-item checklist of three main domains. The domains include the skill of formulating classroom questions, the skill of raising classroom questions and the skill of receiving the pupils' answers. A jury of experts at social sciences and general methods of teaching checked the validity of the instrument. The researcher administered the final version of the checklist to the sample , The researcher revealed the following findings:
• The level of practicing the skills of classroom questions by primary school Arabic teachers is intermediate; the weighted mean is 1.85 and the percentile weight is 0.62

Listening is one of the most important skills that a child must learn and acquire in the primary stage because it is an important stage Through it the child learns knowledge and information, and the children vary in learning this skill, some of them learn it easily, and another group needs a longer time and publicity to acquire this skill. Developing this skill in the early grades, because it is the basic stage, because listening is not only a means of communication with others, but through which the child learns some other skills such as (reading - writing - speaking) and other skills. Hence, the researcher turned to the research (active listening) because it is one of the important topics in learning the language, whether it is Arabic or foreign, as well as the teacher's knowledge of the learner's acquisition of skills and success in their practice

The current research aims to know the level of science teachers'practice of scientific and engineering practices and comprehensive concepts according to (NGSS) standards. On eight axes, which are the practice of asking questions, using models, implementing a survey, interpreting data, using mathematics, computer thinking, building interpretations, engaging in arguments, obtaining and evaluating information, and to treat data statistically, the researchers used percentage, standard deviations, and weighted means. After analyzing the data, the researchers concluded that the level of practice Science teachers, their teachers of scientific and engineering practices and comprehensive concepts were moderately but not achieved. Based on this result, a set of recommendations were made, including training science teachers on modern programs that would link science with other subjects by placing them on the training list by the ministry, directing the attention of officials in The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research The importance of standards (NGSS) and necessary to take into account When designing science curricula in general, the Ministry of Education must provide schools with the financial capabilities in terms of equipping them with the means, equipment and tools to keep pace with developments in the fields of

:The current research aims to identify
* The degree of possession of Arabic language teachers in the intermediate stage of e-learning skills from their point of view .
The researcher adopted the descriptive survey method. Because it is the appropriate method to achieve the objectives of the research, when the researcher identified the original community, the basic sample of the current research was randomly drawn; Therefore, she decided to choose the exploratory sample in an intentional way, so the research sample was represented by (25) male and female teachers of the Arabic language in the province of Babylon , and to achieve the goal of the current research, it was necessary to have a measurement tool (e-learning skills), and after reviewing the literature and previous studies related to the topic of the research, the researcher built a measurement tool, as the questionnaire’s paragraphs were formulated and their number reached (39) skills, and it was verified From (honesty and stability) to the e-learning skills scale, the researcher used the appropriate statistical and computational means; To achieve the goal of the search .
The current research reached the following results:
1- The degree of mastery of Arabic language teachers with skills related to computer use competencies was moderate, with an arithmetic mean of (2.7) with a relative weight of (55.75%).
2- The degree of Arabic language teachers' mastery of skills related to Internet use competencies was weak, with an arithmetic mean of (2.10) and a relative weight of (52.56%).
3- The degree of mastery of Arabic language teachers with skills related to the competencies of managing electronic courses was moderate, with an arithmetic mean of (3.16) and a relative weight of (97.05%).
In light of the research results, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including:
1- Organizing training courses for Arabic language teachers to develop their e-learning skills.
2- Encouraging teachers to participate in scientific and technological seminars and to submit research for the development of their opinion..
3- Granting financial and moral rewards to e-course coordinators who use e-learning skills in teaching through virtual classes effectively.

تفرض طبيعة البحث في ميدان التعليم العالي وطبيعة الظاهرة العلمية ان تتوافر في الباحث جملة من الكفايات التي تقع على اعضاء المؤسسة ان يهتمون بتدريبه عليها يساعدهم بتكوين باحث علمي قادر على توظيف تلك الكفايات بالشكل الذي يسهم في اخراج بحث علمي يتسم بالدقة والتميز، ولكن واقع البحث العلمي يفرض العديد من العقبات التي تواجه البحوث وتحدمن فاعليتها اضافة الى وجود فجوة كبيرة بين معرفة الباحثين بأهمية ومتطلبات البحث العلمي ، حيث ان هنالك مازال العديد من البحوث تعاني من ضعف الاعداد وكيفية اختيار المنهجية التي تتلاءم مع المشكلة المراد دراستها وتشخيصها وصعوبة التوصل الى النتائج الدقيقة وعدم معالجة المشكلات بصورة صحيحة وسليمة

هدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة ( أثر استراتيجية ( KUD ) في اكتساب عمليات العلم لدى طالبات المرحلة المتوسطة في مادة العلوم ) وللتحقق من هدف البحث وضعت الفرضية الصفرية الاتية :
*لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05 ) بين متوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة التجريبية الاتي سَيُدرًسن على وفق استراتيجية (KUD ) ومتوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة الضابطة الاتي سَيُدرًسن على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار عمليات العلم .
وقد اختارت الباحثة التصميم التجريبي ذا الضبط الجزئي (مجموعة تجريبية ومجموعة ضابطة) ذات الاختبار البعدي لاختبار عمليات العلم . ومثل مجتمع البحث طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط في المدارس المتوسطة والثانوية الحكومية الصباحية للبنات التابعة للمديرية العامة للتربية في محافظة ذي قارــ قسم تربية ذي قار، للعام الدراسي (2021 ـــ 2022).. واختيرت اعدادية الرباب قصدياً لتكون عينة للبحث، وتم اختيار شعبتين بصورة عشوائية لتمثل احداهما المجموعة التجريبية والاخرى المجموعة الضابطة. واستبعدت الباحثة الطالبات الراسبات من المجموعتين، وبهذا اصبح عدد عينة البحث (64) طالبة بواقع (33) طالبة في المجموعة التجريبية و (31) طالبة في المجموعة الضابطة

تفرض طبيعة البحث في ميدان التعليم العالي وطبيعة الظاهرة العلمية ان تتوافر في الباحث جملة من الكفايات التي تقع على اعضاء المؤسسة ان يهتمون بتدريبه عليها يساعدهم بتكوين باحث علمي قادر على توظيف تلك الكفايات بالشكل الذي يسهم في اخراج بحث علمي يتسم بالدقة والتميز، ولكن واقع البحث العلمي يفرض العديد من العقبات التي تواجه البحوث وتحدمن فاعليتها اضافة الى وجود فجوة كبيرة بين معرفة الباحثين بأهمية ومتطلبات البحث العلمي ، حيث ان هنالك مازال العديد من البحوث تعاني من ضعف الاعداد وكيفية اختيار المنهجية التي تتلاءم مع المشكلة المراد دراستها وتشخيصها وصعوبة التوصل الى النتائج الدقيقة وعدم معالجة المشكلات بصورة صحيحة وسليمة . ان توافر كفايات البحث العلمي ليس مجرد مقارنة جهود يقوم بها باحث بجهود باحث اخر ، وانما توافرها يقوم لأغراض متعددة يمكن من خلالها تهيئة الظروف التي تساعد على تقدم الباحثين واصبحت هاجس المهتمين واصبح الباحث محور رئيسا وهو القاعدة الاساسية التي تقوم عليها المنظومة التعليمية المتكاملة وكذلك يكون دوره في تطور المجتمع وتخطيء الصعوبات التي تحول دون تقدمه

The current research aims to know the degree to which first-grade teachers practice assessment methods for learning, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive (survey) approach. Determining learning objectives, collecting evidence about students’ learning, effective classroom questions and feedback, self- and peer-assessment, and to treat data statistically, the researchers used percentage and weighted means. To a small degree, and based on this result, a set of recommendations were presented, including the necessity of training teachers to employ assessment strategies for learning in classroom practices, through training programs, as well as continuous follow-up by the supervision and school administrations for this aspect in order to improve the level and performance of teachers, and enrich The teacher's guide and educational content with activities and modern assessment methods that help the teacher to use assessment for learning in addition to enhancing Students’ self-evaluation skills and peer assessment through those activities, which are often pleasant and simplified for students, and spreading the culture of assessment for learning among students, teachers, and parents before starting to apply them, with the need for gradual application

The current current research Analyzing and evaluating electronic tests for the subjects of Hadith and Literary Criticism for the Arabic Language Department in the College of Basic Education according to the levels and to achieve the objectives of the search for a descriptive criterion in both parts of the survey. In a group of experts and specialists in the field of curricula and teaching methods, and to find the stability of the tool , She also gave it to another analyst and asked him to analyze it according to the specified criterion for analysis, and then the researcher found the percentage of agreement between her and the other analyst, using Cooper's equation. In the College of Basic Education for the academic year (2020-2021), it focuses largely on the first three levels of Bloom's pyramid, which are remembering, understanding and applying, and we find that a small percentage of electronic test questions focus on the level of analysis, installation and evaluation

The current research aims to know the difficulties that non-specialized students face in the English language from the point of view of the teachers of the subject. And the researcher adopted the stratified random sample, where the number of the sample members was (52) professors.
The researcher prepared the research tool, which is a questionnaire consisting of (27) paragraphs to know the difficulties that non-specialized students face in the English language. ), the statistical methods (frequencies, weighted mean, standard deviation, percentages, Elfa-Cronbach equation to calculate stability, and Pearson correlation coefficient) were used. To a significant and verifiable degree, the results were arranged in the professors’ questionnaire as follows:
- There are problems related to the learner in the three universities (Maysan - Al-Mustansiriya - Babylon) to a large extent and the axis came first.
- There are problems related to the content in the three universities (Maysan - Al-Mustansiriya - Babylon) and to a large extent the third axis came.
- There are problems related to the calendar in the three universities (Maysan - Al-Mustansiriya - Babylon) to a large extent and the axis came in second place.
Based on these results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, including the use of the results of the current study in strengthening the strengths and focusing on the weaknesses and finding solutions to them. Provide suggestions from them to improve the curriculum

The current research aims at analyzing and evaluating the electronic test questions for grammar in the light of the cognitive levels. And specialists in the field of curricula and teaching methods, and to find the stability of the tool, the researcher took a sample of electronic test questions, which the researcher analyzed according to cognitive levels twice, with a time difference of (4) weeks, to find the researcher’s agreement with herself over time. She also gave it to another analyst and asked him to analyze it according to the specific criterion for analysis, and then the researcher found the percentage of agreement between her and the other analyst, using Cooper's equation, and the most important findings of the research are, that the questions of electronic tests of modern literature materials for the Arabic language department in The College of Basic Education for the academic year (2020-2021), focuses largely on the first three levels of Bloom's pyramid, which are remembering, understanding and applying, and we find that a small percentage of electronic test questions focus on the level of analysis, installation and evaluation

The research aims to identify criteria for evaluating the teaching performance of social teachers in the light of NSTA standards and evaluating the teaching performance of social teachers in light of NSTA standards according to each criterion In order to achieve the objectives of the current research.
, the researcher followed the descriptive approach (referring to work), because it is the appropriate approach to the nature of the research, and the basic study sample consisted of (32) male and female teachers and by (16) male and (16) female teachers of social sciences in Maysan Governorate (District). Architecture) for the academic year 2021-2022 and they were selected in a simple random way .
Where the researcher prepared the current research tool (note card) and its purpose is to know the extent to which social teachers practice (NSTA) standards, and it consisted of (30) paragraphs distributed on (9) main criteria, which are (content, nature of sociology, investigation, social context, teaching skills Curriculum, evaluation, occupational safety, professional growth). The tool was presented to a group of experts and arbitrators specialized in educational sciences and general teaching methods, before distributing it to the research sample to take their opinions and observations and find the apparent validity and logical analysis of the paragraphs, and then the researcher applied the research tool finally and analyzed their results. The use of some statistical equations

The current research aims to identify the reality of electronic tests in government colleges and private colleges in the province of Maysan according to proposed criteria, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher followed the descriptive approach by the comparative causal method in which the comparison between different groups is made in some variables. 350) teaching and teaching in private government colleges for the academic year 2021-2022, the researcher prepared the research tool (the questionnaire) to achieve the goal of the research, which consisted of 9 paragraphs, and presented the tool to the arbitrators and experts in educational sciences and general and specialized teaching methods before applying it to the research sample to take their opinions And finding honesty, stability and logical analysis of the paragraphs, then applied to the research sample in its final form and after data collection and statistical analysis using the (spss) program, the Excel program, and the statistical methods used (relative importance, percentage, arithmetic mean, discriminatory power, Pearson correlation coefficient), (Seberman-Brown) coefficient, and after analyzing the data, the researcher reached a conclusion, and in light of that, she presented a number of of recommendations
Holding specialized courses to provide teachers with electronic test design skills, as well as holding educational training courses on the field of education and its requirements and for the new roles that teachers and students should play according to its patterns and mechanisms, and seeking to establish cooperation relations and exchange experiences with sisterly and friendly institutions and countries to benefit from their experiences in this field

تسعى المؤسسات التعليمية باستمرار نحو رفع جودة التحصيل الدراسي وتأهيل المعلمين لمواكبة التطور الحاصل في مختلف جوانب النشاط البشري لكن هذا لا يؤتي ثماره إلا من خلال الإعداد الجيد للمعلمين وبناء صورة اجتماعية جديدة تلائم المسؤولية الجسيمة الملقاة على كاهله والتي تزداد ثقلاً أمام تحديات ثورة المعلومات والاتصالات والسباق المكثف نحو امتلاك المستقبل و من الواضح أن عملية إعداد الجيل للمستقبل هي جزء أساسي من وظائف التعليم العلمي في المجتمع وإلى مدى نجاحها في أداء وظيفتها فهي تساعد على تحقيق أهداف المجتمع وتلبية احتياجاته

Analysis of the content of the human geography book for the sixth literary grade according to the standards of the American Geographical Society.
As for the research community, it included the content of the human geography book for the sixth literary grade, which is scheduled by the Ministry of Education in the Republic of Iraq for the academic year (2021-2022)., the research sample includes (162) pages subject to the analysis process and constitutes a percentage of (94.18%) of the research community.
The researcher followed the descriptive approach research based on the criteria of the American Geographical Society, which is scheduled to be taught in the academic year (2021-2022), which includes (6) areas: (The world of Spatial aspect, places and regions, natural systems, human systems, environment and society, uses of geography), and these areas consist of (18) criteria and (70) indicators,,,, to ensure the stability of the analysis, the researcher used the method of analysis in agreement with external analysts and using Cooper's equation The reliability coefficient between the two analyzes reached (97%), while between the researcher and the first analyst (92%) and the researcher and the second analyst (91%), and the coefficient between the first analyst and the second analyst (88%). The amplitude is enough to give a specific meaning and its smallness, which reduces the possibility of its inclusion in several directions, compared to units greater than it is for a subject unit. Data processing is (frequencies, percentage and Cooper's equation)and the study reached the following results:
1-when analyzing the content of the human geography book for the sixth literary grade according to the standards of the American Geographical Society ,it was found that the level of achievement of these standards in the content as a whole was available at a varying rate

Listening is one of the most important skills that a child must learn and acquire in the primary stage because it is an important stage Through it the child learns knowledge and information, and the children vary in learning this skill, some of them learn it easily, and another group needs a longer time and publicity to acquire this skill. Developing this skill in the early grades, because it is the basic stage, because listening is not only a means of communication with others, but through which the child learns some other skills such as (reading - writing - speaking) and other skills. Hence, the researcher turned to the research (active listening) because it is one of the important topics in learning the language, whether it is Arabic or foreign, as well as the teacher's knowledge of the learner's acquisition of skills and success in their practice

The current study aims to know the level of English language teachers' practice for the principles of active learning in teaching (English for Iraq) book.
to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach where the research sample consisted of (50) teachers; teachers of English language in Maysan governorate for the academic year (2021-2022) and the sample was chosen by randomly, the researcher prepared the research tool, which is a note card. It consisted of (41) paragraphs distributed on four main axes, namely (planning, teaching, activities and teaching aids, evaluation).
The tool was presented to a group of experts and referees in educational sciences and general teaching methods before distributing it to the research sample to take their opinions and observations, to check the apparent validity and logical analysis of the paragraphs. The researcher applied the final draft and analyzed their results.
The following result is:
- The degree of English language teachers' practice of each of the axes of the principles of active learning in teaching the book (English for Iraq) ranged between (large) and medium

يعيشُ العالم اليوم تقدماً كبيراً للمعرفة والعلوم المرتبطة بالإنسان مما دفع أكثر المجتمعات إلى إدخـــــــــال التغيرات الجذرية الملموسة فـــــي سيـــــــــاستها, وبرامجها, وطرائق تعلمها من أجل مسايرة هــــــــــذا الركــــــــب , ولا ريـــــــب في أن التطورات المعرفية اسهمت وتسهم على فرض تغيرات على قطاعات وانظمة الدول عموماً والنظام التربوي والتعليمي بشكل خاص وهذا يُحتم على المؤسســــــــات التربوية والتعليمية مسؤولية أعداد وتأهيل أفرادا لهم القدرة على مواجهه تحـــــــديات العصر ولا سبيل لمواجهه تلك التحديات إلا من خلال نظام تعليمي يتماشى معَ المعايير المتعارف عليها عالمياً من أجل تكوين ثروة بشرية تمتلك معارف , ومهارات , وقيم تلائم طبيعة العصر الحالي

يكاد يجمع المؤرخون أن ادب الاطفال يوجد حيث توجد الطفولة, وهو جزء لا يتجزأ عن باقي احتياجاتها المادية والنفسية والروحية فكلما يحتاج الطفل الى الطعام والشراب، والى الرعاية والحنان، فانه في حاجة ماسة الى ما يثري فكره، ويسعد روحه ووجدانه، واذا لم يستوف الطفل الاحتياجات المادية والمعنوية، يكون عرضة للمعاناة والاضطرابات لأنها جزء من فطرته، وقد كانت الأم من قديم الزمان تدرك احتياجات طفلها بالفطرة، فتقدم له ما يرفه عنه ويثري خبرته ويتوائم مع طبيعته، خاصة وأن أدب الاطفال في السنوات الأولى كان من واجبات الاسرة، الجدة أو الأم وغيرهم من افراد المنزل ولذلك كان خاضعا للاجتهاد الشخصي والتقليد

The study aimed at identifying the level of numerical sense at the sixth primary grade studies at the Maysan Governorate Center and to gain the studenty for numerical sense skills. The researcher follows the descriptive research approach and the study community is all sixth primary grade students at the center of Maysan Governorate and registered in government primary schools affiliated with the Directorate of Missan Education. The study sample has been received from (380) schoolgirl To achieve the objectives of the study, a mandate test was built to measure numerical sense in the light of the four numerical sense skills (skill of numerical sense, mental account skill and awaiting approximate and skillful confirmation of the answer), results were reached The most important of the findings we found no statistically significant difference at a significant level (0.05) between the average and the arithmetic ancestral at the sixth primary grade studies in testing numerical sense skills in the first three chapters Sixth primary

The current research aims to identify: The extent to which the performance of Arabic language teachers is evaluated according to effective listening skills. The sample was chosen randomly. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a note card that included Hammed Sobh (3) main themes and included (32) paragraphs and on a three-way scale (good, medium, poor), and its validity (apparent sincerity) was. It was confirmed by his presentation to experts and arbitrators in educational sciences and general teaching methods. The stability of the observation card The researcher used the external observers and using the Holste equation, the stability coefficient between the observers was (0.90), while between the researcher and the first observer (0.89) and the researcher and the second observer (0.88), and the stability coefficient between the researcher and herself (0.91) and for the purposes of extracting the results the researcher used the following statistical methods : (Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test for two independent samples, t-test for one sample, one-method analysis of variance, weighted mean, weight percentile, Holstey equation, chi-square). :
-The research sample individuals (Arabic language teachers) have a good performance level above the hypothetical average in employing effective listening skills .
-The emergence of a statistically significant difference according to the gender variable, as the Arabic language teachers showed a higher level of female teachers in employing active listening skills in its three stages .
-The level of academic achievement (diploma, bachelor) did not affect the level of employing effective listening skills in the performance of Arabic language teachers. e. Expert years play an important role in the post-listening level of active listening skills employment, especially those who are at least (15) years old.

The current research aimed to answer the following question:
Is there a statistically significant difference between English language teachers in the level of their professional competence according to the variables (gender, years of service)?
In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the study sample consisted of the basic study of (70 ) teachers, which constitutes (64%) of the English language teachers of both sexes (males / females) in government schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education in Maysan Governorate. For the academic year (2021-2022), they were selected by a simple random method. The researcher prepared tool for research that was represented by the professional competence scale and its purpose was to identify the level of professional competence of English language teachers, The scale consists of (30) items.
And the researcher presented the tool to a group of experts and arbitrators to take their opinions and observations and to find honesty, stability and logical analysis of the paragraphs and the results showed the following:
-English language teachers have a great deal of professional competence in the process of teaching with their students As result, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, including: Adopting the professional competence scale in the current research 1as scientific standards in preparing English language teachers according to specialized training courses or seminars

تعرف النفس البشرية بأنها ذات طابع معرفي تواصلي تميل إلى الاندماج مع الآخرين والتعايش معهم لتلبية احتياجات متعددة في مجالات الحياة المختلفة وخاصة في مجال التعليم.
لذلك فإن الإنسان بحاجة دائمة للتفاعل والتواصل مع المجتمع المحيط به من أجل التأثير والتأثر بهم والتعاون الذي يشعره بدوره الإيجابي والفعال من أجل الارتقاء في عصر الثورة المعرفية والمعلومات، وتظهر ملامح عملية التواصل في تعليم الناس ما ينفعهم بصورة جلية إذ أن التواصل من أبرز الأدوات التي يستعملها الإنسان لتساعده على التكيف مع متطلبات الحياة كما في قوله تعالى: ((وَلَقَدْ وَصَّلْنَا لَهُمُ الْقَوْلَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ)) (سورة القصص، الآية: 51)

The current research aims to identify:
Teaching practices of mathematics teachers from the point of view of supervisors and managers. In order to achieve the goal of the current research, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the basic study sample consisted of (156) supervisors and managers, with (78) supervisors and (78) managers in Misan governorate for the academic year (2022-2023) and they were chosen by random method. The researcher considered a research tool, a note card to identify the teaching practices of mathematics teachers and teachers from the point of view of supervisors and principals, and it consisted of (40) paragraphs distributed over (4) axes, and then the researcher applied the research tool definitively and analyzed its results using a set of means Statistical ones (frequencies and percentages, T-test for two unequal independent samples, chi-square test (x²), Alpha-Cronbach coefficient for calculating stability, Pearson’s coefficient), and the results showed: The teaching practices followed by mathematics teachers and teachers From the point of view of the supervisors and principals, it was high based on the findings of the research, and the reason for this may be the intensive follow-up by the supervisors and the school administration for many classroom matters and their follow-up on a timely basis, and this may also be due to the educational interest in modern theories in the role of the student in the educational process and urged teachers to communicate with their students and interact with them in the classroom, and the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions

This study is based on assumption that embargo has been one of the measures taken to prevent threats to international peace and security. However, it has been proven that these measures have not been effective in preventing international conflicts. In contrast to the Charter of the United Nations, such measures have been aimed at achieving political goals that serve interests of the international great powers

This study attempts to monitor the emergence of the concept of intersexuality and to present a brief presentation of the emergence of intersexuality in the ancient Arab lesson, and among contemporary critics in the West and East. We also found in our study that the forms of intersexuality have varied among the poets of the Iraqi ninetieth generation, since the tributaries of knowledge that I found were rich in their employment. The Quran references and poetry that have contributed to the strengthening of the texts because they allow for evasion to form a poetic image surprise the reader and attract him towards revealing the visions contained in the text

The current research aims to build proposed criteria for evaluating the Arabic language book for the first intermediate grade from the point of view of teachers, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive research method. The total research sample consisted of (200) male and female teachers.
Initially, the researcher prepared an exploratory questionnaire to find out the proposed criteria for evaluating the Arabic language book for the first intermediate grade from the point of view of the teachers. It was presented to an exploratory sample of (100) male and female teachers, after which the researcher prepared the final questionnaire, which she formulated according to the answers of male and female teachers. Re-application, as the degree of its stability reached (85.0), then the final questionnaire was presented to the original sample consisting of (100) teachers and schools. In the intermediate stage, and in light of the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.