Sport culture

The research is important because it will help determine how certain volleyball skills - offensive and defensive - are related to motor reaction speed. Due to the nature of the research and its topic, the descriptive approach was applied in the form of correlational relationships, and the research sample, which consists of thirty fourth-year students at the College of Religious Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa for the academic year 2023-2024, was deliberately selected. Conclusion: Discovering a strong relationship between motor reaction speed and the ability to hit the volleyball. Discovering a strong relationship between volleyball talent in sending from above and motor reaction speed. Suggestions: Focus on the variable of motor reaction speed, which directly affects the ability of volleyball players to implement offensive and defensive capabilities.

The aim of this research is to identify the effect of the mini-match method on starting speed and passing accuracy in football at the age of (11-12) years. The researcher used the experimental approach by designing the individual experimental group using pre- and post-measurement. The sample was selected from talented football beginners at the Specialized Center for Giftedness. Sports in Baghdad (18) Beginner, The researcher carried out all the required research procedures, and after processing the results, the researcher reached no conclusions, the most important of which is: The mini-match method has a major and effective role in improving the starting speed and passing accuracy in football. The experimental research group also showed clear superiority in the post-tests and for all variables, In light of these conclusions, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including: adopting the mini-match method in the training units for talented football beginners, with the necessity of introducing the mini-match method in the training units that aim to train physical abilities, including speed in its various forms.

The research aimed to identify the effect of specific exercises using the cross-sectional method in developing some physical abilities and the accuracy of shooting by jumping high with handball for students. The researcher followed the experimental method by designing the individual experimental group, and the research sample was randomly selected from third-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Dijla College. The university has 16 students, The homogenization process was carried out for the members of the research sample, in addition to the researcher adopting tests of some physical abilities and testing the accuracy of aiming by jumping high with a skilled handball that suits the research sample, with the use of specific exercises in the cross-sectional method were applied to the research sample after conducting the pre-measurement and after completing the implementation period. Exercises: Post-measurement was conducted, and in light of the results that were processed with appropriate statistical methods, several conclusions were reached, the most important of which are: Specific cross-style exercises played a major role in developing some of the physical abilities and accuracy of high-jumping handball shooting for students. In addition, these exercises brought about a clear improvement through the percentages achieved for the variables investigated. In light of these conclusions, several recommendations were formulated, the most important of which are: Emphasis on the use of cross-style specific exercises during the educational units for students in the third stage, as well as allocating specific time for cross-style specific exercises in the educational units to develop the special physical abilities associated with handball skill performance.

The research aimed to prepare a measure of mental health for female students in adolescence aged (13-14) years, as well as to identify the nature of the relationship between practicing sporting activities and mental health among female students. The researcher followed the descriptive approach using both survey and correlational methods, and the research sample was chosen randomly. There are (60) female students out of the research community of (150) female students, The researcher used two measures of practicing sports activities and mental health, and after collecting, extracting, and processing the data with appropriate statistical means, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: the validity of the measure of mental health among female students in adolescence aged (13-14) years, in addition to the existence of a significant correlation between practicing Sports activities and mental health among female students in adolescence aged (13-14) years, In addition to the existence of a significant correlation between practicing sports activities and mental health among female students in adolescence at the age of (13-14) years, and in light of these conclusions, the researcher made several recommendations, including: the necessity of conducting periodic and continuous tests to measure the practice of sports activities and mental health among female students in... The stage of adolescence, in addition to emphasizing the role of practicing sports activities to improve the psychological health of teenage students to overcome the psychological problems they encounter during this important stage.

The research aimed to identify the effect of the learning team's strategy in developing the volleyball refereeing ability of female students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups (experimental and control) with a pre- and post-test. The research population was determined by fourth-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls, University of Baghdad, the number of them is (84) female students, and the research sample was chosen randomly from the research community with (30) female students divided equally into two experimental and control groups. The pre-test of control ability was conducted after implementing the (12) educational units, for a period of (6) weeks. (2) One educational unit per week. The time of the educational unit is (90) minutes. After completing the implementation of the educational units, the post-test was conducted, and the results were extracted and processed using appropriate statistical methods. Considering this, the researchers concluded several conclusions, including: The learning team strategy has a major role in developing female students’ volleyball refereeing ability. The experimental group also showed a clear and significant superiority over the control group in the post-test of volleyball refereeing ability, As a result, the two researchers recommended several recommendations, including: the necessity of adopting a learning team strategy and introducing it during educational units to develop the volleyball refereeing ability of female students, as well as the necessity of using a volleyball refereeing ability test to determine the reality of this variable among fourth-stage female students on a regular and continuous basis.

The research aimed to identify the effect of the five-year learning cycle model (5E's) in developing students' volleyball refereeing performance. The researcher followed the experimental approach by designing the individual group with pre- and post-tests. The research was conducted on a sample of (24) students representing the fourth stage students in the College of Education. Physical and sports sciences - Al-Isra National University, The researcher verified the process of homogeneity of the sample and then conducted the pre-measurement of the refereeing performance in volleyball, and applied the educational units, which totaled (8) units, for a period of (8) weeks at a rate of (1) one educational unit per week, and after that, the post-measurement of the same variable was conducted. On the experimental group (research sample), and through the results achieved, the researcher reached conclusions Several of the most important of which were that the five-year learning cycle model (5E's) had an effective and significant role in developing the volleyball refereeing performance of the members of the research sample, in addition to the fact that the research sample achieved clear superiority in refereeing performance in the post-measurement compared to the pre-measurement, In light of this, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including: the necessity of adopting the five-year learning cycle model (5E's) in the educational units for the volleyball subject related to refereeing performance, in addition to conducting continuous periodic tests for students in the variable of volleyball refereeing performance.

The research aims to prepare preventive exercises in the boot camp style to enhance the efficiency of the ankle joint and reduce its injuries for young triple jump players, and to know the effect of preventive exercises for improving the efficiency of the ankle joint. The researchers assumed statistically significant differences between the pre-and post-tests in the research variables. The experimental approach was adopted to suit it, and the research sample was chosen from young triple jump players. The preventive approach prepared by the researchers was applied to the sample, and it included preventive exercises in the boot camp style with and without tools. The researchers concluded that preventive exercises in boot camp style have an effective effect in enhancing joint efficiency. The ankle by increasing the muscular strength of the legs, and exercises contributed to enhancing agility and balance. The recommendations stated the need for cooperation between the trainer and the rehabilitation specialist when developing the training program.

The research objectives were the following:
- Preparing a rehabilitation program for lateral curvature spine deformity for students aged 10-11 years.
- Identify the extent of the impact of the rehabilitation program in bringing about a change in the lateral curvature deformity of the spine for students aged 10-11 years.
- Identifying the extent of the impact of the rehabilitation program on some movement variables for students with lateral curvature deformity of the spine at the age of 10-11 years.
The research sample: (83) schools out of (243) primary schools for boys were visited on the left coast out of (146) schools and the right coast out of (97) schools affiliated with the city center of Mosul for the academic year (2022-2023) for the purpose of detecting the presence of lateral deformities of the spine. (Scoliosis deformity) (of the functional type, not structural) using the (holding the stick up) test (as a preliminary diagnosis) to identify this type of deformity. Postural distortions, as the test was conducted on (3145) students aged (10-11) years. The results of the initial detection resulted in the presence of (53) students, who represented the research community. As for the research sample, it was represented by (18) students after excluding (35) students for many reasons, including the lack of approval from parents for their children to participate in the experiment and the weak financial aspect of some of the families of the students included in this type of deformity, which reflects negatively on their lack of commitment to the rehabilitation program. Then the researcher presented the research sample to some specialist doctors (**) to confirm the infection with this type of deformity, if the students from the research sample were confirmed to have this type of deformity based on the clinical and radiological diagnosis (X-RY). The research sample constituted (33.96%) of the research community.

In this study, the researcher decided to prepare special exercises and their impact on learning the skill of performing in artistic gymnastics for juniors. Knowing its effect on motor abilities in artistic gymnastics for juniors. The researcher adopted the experimental method (by designing two equal control and experimental groups with a pre- and post-test) for its suitability in solving the research problem. The research population was determined by (10) Amanat Baghdad Club players, whose ages range between (9-13) years, which is the approved youth category in the Federation. Central Gymnastics, Then the researcher chose his sample with (8) players who were divided by lottery into two control and experimental groups, each group numbering (4) players and two players as an exploratory sample. The research sample represented (80%) of the research community. After conducting the research experiment and presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, the researcher concluded the following.

Achieving outstanding performance in volleyball largely depends on psychological factors, especially during critical competitions. The significance of this research lies in utilizing an innovative device based on a Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) sensor to measure players' immediate stress levels during matches, enabling precise real-time monitoring and analysis of psychological states. The study aims to evaluate the impact of the device on reducing stress levels and improving the psychological and physical performance of volleyball players The study sample consisted of 16 players from Iraq’s Premier Volleyball League for the 2024-2025 season, purposefully selected and divided into two groups (experimental and control). The results demonstrated that the experimental group using the device outperformed the control group, as the device effectively reduced stress levels during matches, positively influencing their performance. The findings confirmed that using the device as an innovative training tool is more effective than traditional methods for managing psychological stress The research recommends regular use of the device to assess stress levels during training and competitions, leveraging the real-time data it provides to design customized training programs focused on mental relaxation and psychological training techniques, contributing to improved player performance and increasing their chances of success in competitive environments.

The study aimed to identify some types of force and their relationship to the accuracy of performing a crushing attack with volleyball for young players. The researcher used the descriptive approach because it represents the optimal method in studying correlational relationships. The research population and sample: The research population represents players of football clubs in Iraq participating in the game league for the year (2024). The study sample is youth players in Maysan Governorate volleyball clubs, who number (24). A batsman and they were chosen intentionally. After collecting the test data, the researcher processed the data statistically using the statistical program (SPSS 27) to obtain the results of the study and put them in tables. It is revealed through statistical analysis. The results showed a significant relationship between some types of strength (the explosive strength of the arm and the speed characteristic of the legs) and the accuracy of the offensive performance of the crushing blow among young volleyball players. Emphasizing the importance of players applying physical exercises specific to some types of strength in educational units due to their relationship to developing the offensive performance of the smash shot in youth volleyball.

The aim of the research was to prepare TABATA exercises for basketball players under 18 years old. And to identify the effectiveness of Tabata exercises in developing endurance and performing some complex offensive skills in basketball for players under 18 years old. The researchers used the experimental method with an experimental design with a pre-test and post-test for two equivalent groups (experimental and control) to suit the nature of the research. The research community was determined by young basketball players under 18 years old belonging to the Imam Al-Muttaqin Club for the 2023-2024 training season, numbering 12 players. The sample was selected using the comprehensive inventory method and the sample was divided into two groups (experimental and control) with 6 players for each group. The researchers prepared several exercises to develop endurance and some complex offensive skills.

The study aimed to prepare multi-axes strength training and identify the effect of these training on some special abilities and the accuracy and speed of the smash serve for young volleyball players. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups with pre- and post-tests, as this design is appropriate to the nature of the research problem. The research sample was young volleyball players of Al-Namanya Sports Club, numbering (12) and representing (75%) of the total community. After reaching the final results of the study, the researchers concluded: Multi-axes strength training develops the physical abilities of volleyball players and the ability to control body parts during the actual performance of the smash serve, in addition to the kinetic link and transfer of force between body parts and exploiting force according to the required goal, i.e. achieving economy of effort without wasting force. The researchers recommended adopting multi-axes strength training because of its benefit in showing balance and kinetic guidance and achieving effective serve with high impact and scoring points through performing the smash serve. Other researchers are trying to benefit from applying multi-axial strength training in other skills of the same game or in other games.

The study aims to prepare training or practicing water volleyball in different formations to maintain the performance endurance and skill of defending the court for regular volleyball players. The second is to identify the effect of training or practicing water volleyball in the transitional period to maintain the performance endurance and skill of defending the court for volleyball players. Regular. The first is to prepare training or practicing water volleyball in different formations to maintain the performance endurance and skill of defending the court for regular volleyball players. The second is to identify the effect of training or practicing water volleyball in the transitional period to maintain the performance endurance and skill of defending the court for football players. Ordinary plane. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal control and experimental groups with pre- and post-tests to solve their problem. The research community consists of advanced volleyball players from Salah al-Din Governorate clubs (Al-Sharqat Club, Al-Dhuluiya Club, Ak Su Club), numbering (36) players. The researchers chose the research sample in a deliberate manner, which included Aksu Sports Club players for the season (2023/2024), whose number is (12) players, constituting a percentage of (33.33%) of the total population. The researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that Water volleyball has a positive effect on maintaining performance endurance and court defense skill for regular volleyball players without a drop in level among the experimental research sample. As for the transitional period without training, it had a negative impact on reducing the level of performance endurance and the skill of defending the court for ordinary volleyball players among the members of the control research sample.

The research aimed to prepare special skill exercises using optical techniques for young volleyball players, and to identify their effect on the distribution of attention and the accuracy of performing the skill of handling from above in volleyball. The researcher assumed that there were statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the two groups experimental and controlled research on the distribution of attention and the accuracy of performing the skill of handling from above in volleyball among young players. There are statistically significant differences in the results of the posttests of the experimental and control research groups for both the distribution of attention and the accuracy of the skill of handling from above for young volleyball players For the benefit of the experimental group, special skill exercises were adopted through the design of the equal experimental and control groups, on a sample of (12) players who were intentionally selected by (70%) of the youth players participating in the youth league. After determining the tests and preparing the exercises, the It was applied over a period of (6) consecutive weeks at a rate of three units per week, and after completing the experiment, the results were processed with the (SPSS) system, so that the conclusions were that applying special skill exercises using optical techniques contributes to improving the distribution of attention and developing the performance of the skill of handling from above in volleyball among young players, the researcher recommended the need to adopt the application of special skill exercises using optical techniques to distribute attention and perform the skill of handling from above in volleyball among young players. Attention must be paid to developing special skill exercises to distribute attention, which aim to develop the performance of the skill of handling from above in volleyball. Among young players, other skills and other psychological variables.

Abstract: -
The technique of breaststroke is of great importance in maintaining the speed of the swimmer during swimming, as the exchange of push with the legs and the tension with the arms and the optimal timing of this process has a great role in maintaining speed as well as the position of the center of gravity of the body and the angle of the trunk and many kinematic variables that also have an impact on the nature of performance in swimming. Thus, the importance of the research is an objective attempt to identify the kinematic variables whose results can be used in the practical part in the field of training. The aim of the research was to identify the percentage of the contribution of some kinematic variables in the achievement of a 100 meters breaststroke by the swimmers of the Iraq youth team. The imposition of the research, there are significant differences with statistical significance between the kinematic variables that contribute to the completion of the 100 meters breaststroke for the swimmers of the Iraq youth team. As for the research community, the researcher followed the descriptive approach in the survey method to suit the research problem and achieve its aim, as for the research sample, they were selected in the intentional way, numbering 8 swimmers from the breaststroke swimmers of the Iraqi youth team. As for the main experiment, it was conducted on (8) breaststroke swimmers, and the aim of the basic study was to record a time of 50 meters breaststroke , the first and second for swimmers, the sample of the study and record the biomechanical variables under study. After applying the main experiment, the researcher processed the data statistically through the spss system , and the researcher reached the results that stipulated that there was a direct significant correlation between (the distance of thrust in the horizontal legs, the angle of the knee joint, the angular speed of the ankle joint, and the time of the slip) and the 50 meters there is an inverse significant correlation between the variable of the horizontal wheel muscle of the toe and the time of the first 50 meters. There is a significant correlation between the speed of the ankle joint, the angle of the knee joint, the the object speed of the femoral joint, the pulling distance of the collected arms, slipping, tension time, the withdrawal time and slipping of the hands, the horizontal wheel of the joint of the center of gravity of the body, the angle of the femoral joint, the vertical speed of the toe joint, the vertical speed of the ankle joint, the wheel of the intake of the knee joint, the angle of the elbow joint between the time of 50 m second. There is an inverse significant correlation between (the horizontal wheel of the toe joint, the vertical wheel of the ankle joint, the angular speed of the knee joint) and 50 m seconds.

The aim of the research was to identify the obstacles to the practice and spread of women's boxing in the universities of the Middle Euphrates. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method because it is appropriate for the nature of the study. The research community consisted of fourth-year female students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of the Middle Euphrates (Babylon, Karbala, Najaf, Diwaniyah), numbering (120) students. The sample was selected randomly from fourth-year female students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences - the universities of the Middle Euphrates. A scale of obstacles to the spread and practice of women's boxing was built, consisting of three axes with 38 paragraphs. One of the most important conclusions reached is that economic obstacles played a prominent, important and first role in women joining this sport, and this is natural given the circumstances that this category is going through..

The research aims to identify the degree of psychological alienation and the degree of motivation for achievement for football players of short stature in Kirkuk Governorate The researcher assumed a statistically significant correlation between the level of psychological alienation and the motivation of achievement, and the researcher used the descriptive approach in a survey method and correlation relations for their suitability to the nature of the research and the research community was determined by national team players Kirkuk for short stature in football, and the number of (23) players was excluded (3) players for undergoing the exploratory experiment, where the number of members of the main sample (20) players, and the researcher used the questionnaire form psychological alienation and the questionnaire form motivation achievement The researcher concluded that there is a positive correlation between alienation and motivation achievement for football players of short stature, and in the light of which the researcher recommended the study of psychological alienation and motivation of achievement by coaches and the introduction of players in psychological and counseling courses and conduct similar studies for the variables of the research and connect them

The research aims to identify:
1- The most used brain control patterns among female students who practice and do not practice sports at the College of Education for Girls, University of Mosul.
2- Differences in the use of brain control patterns between female students practicing sports and non-practicing students from the two majors (scientific/humanitarian) at the College of Education for Girls, University of Mosul.
The researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method because it is compatible with the type of study and its objectives. The research sample was selected using a comprehensive, intentional enumeration method. The research included female students from the College of Education for Girls for the academic year (2023-2024), who numbered (150) students. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the brain control patterns questionnaire prepared by (Novel, 2007), where the questionnaire consisted of (36) paragraphs, each paragraph containing three phrases, each phrase referring to the left style, the right style, or the integrated style, and the data was processed statistically using the ratio Percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, alpha coefficient, and one-way analysis of variance using the statistical program (spss) to analyze the data. The researcher arrived at the following:
1- The dominance of the right pattern over the left and integrated patterns of brain control patterns for female students who practice and do not practice sports.
2- There are significant, non-significant differences between the answers of groups of students who practice and do not practice sports specialization (scientific/humanitarian) in the College of Education for Girls.

The importance of the research lies in studying this concept, which plays an important role in improving performance and the ability to face challenges and pressures of competition, which prompted researchers to study it and consider it an effective contribution to developing the psychological aspects of handball players and achieving the goals of the game.
The problem of the current research lies in the lack of a standardized tool in the Iraqi environment that measures psychological immunization in the field of sports (to the best of the researchers' knowledge) in terms of potential sources of psychological immunization, which prompted researchers to conduct this research and standardize the psychological standardization scale for players of the Premier League handball clubs in order to put it in the hands of researchers and use it as a tool to identify the psychological immunization of players. The aim of the research is to standardize the psychological immunization scale for players of the Premier League handball clubs. The research areas included: Human field: Players of the Iraqi Premier League handball for the sports season 2022-2023. Their number is (249) players. Temporal field: 3/1/2023 to 26/6/2013. Spatial field: The stadiums on which the players conduct their training and competitions.
The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The research community included (249) players, and the research sample consisted of (150) players. The sample was selected by simple random method from the players of the Premier League handball clubs. Then, the psychological immunization scale consisting of (33) statements was applied to the standardization sample from 5/5/2023 to 1/6/2023, then the sample answers were corrected and the statistical package (SPSS) was used to extract the scientific foundations of the scale, and to find the Z and T degrees of the scale, then find the levels. The researchers concluded, based on the standardization results, to use the Z and T degrees as a criterion for the psychological immunization scale. The researchers recommend using the current scale as a scientific means of measuring psychological immunization as well as in conducting similar studies to measure the level of psychological immunization.

The aim of the study is to:
- Evaluation of self-control according to the ball position among volleyball players at Imam University College .
- Evaluation of the accuracy of the smash shot of volleyball players at Al-Imam Private University College .
- Identifying the relationship between self-control according to the ball’s location and the skill of accurate shooting with a smash in volleyball .
The researcher used the descriptive approach because it is suitable for the research problem. The research sample consisted of (24) players representing the Imam College team. The researcher excluded the libero player and the exploratory experiment sample, which numbered 6 players. (12) players were chosen who are good at smashing, which constituted a percentage of ( 0.50 ) . The statistical parameters were in the method of correlation relations for some tests that were applied to the research sample. The researcher concluded the following:
- There is a correlation between self-control according to the location of the ball and the skill of shooting for the smash hit among the players in the research sample .
The research sample members recorded a high degree of ability to maintain body balance during the crushing punching operations through the results they obtained in the test .
The research sample exceeded the significant level in the shooting accuracy test through the results they recorded in this test .

The importance of the research lies in finding a mechanism to evaluate the sustainable organizational performance of sports and school activity departments based on the opinions of technical supervisors, which allows identifying challenges and successful practices and enhancing sustainability in educational work, which positively reflects on the quality of education and thus achieving the goals of sustainable development. The research problem is represented in the weak ability of managers of sports and school activity departments to achieve sustainable organizational performance characterized by efficiency, adapting to changes, and adhering to the principles of good governance. This deficiency negatively affects the quality of sports activities and educational outcomes, which hinders the achievement of educational goals and long-term sustainability. Therefore, the research problem focuses on the following question: Is the evaluation of the sustainable organizational performance of sports and school activity departments in the General Directorates of Education in Iraq effective in classifying this performance to know its level? The research objectives are: Preparing a questionnaire for the sustainable organizational performance of managers of sports and school activity departments, and identifying the level of sustainable organizational performance of managers of sports and school activity departments in Iraq. The research areas include: Human field: Technical supervisors in the General Directorates of Education in Iraq. Time frame: 19/2/2024 to 25/7/2024 Spatial frame: Sports and school activity departments in Iraq. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the problem.
The research community included technical supervisors in sports and school activity departments in Iraq, numbering (304) technical supervisors according to the letter received from the General Directorate of Physical Education and attached in Appendix (1), while the research sample numbered (195) technical supervisors and was divided into a survey sample and a random preparation sample. The preparation steps were carried out according to scientific foundations. The researchers concluded that a positive level of sustainable organizational performance appeared for managers of sports and school activity departments, which reflects higher efficiency in managing activities or achieving goals related to the field studied by managers

The research aims at the following: to identify the effect of special exercises with auxiliary means in improving the skill of shooting by jumping basketball for students and comparing in the post-test on the differences between the experimental and control research groups in improving the skill of shooting by jumping basketball for students.
The researcher used the experimental approach to suit the nature of the research and the research sample consisted of (20) students who are secondary students in Kirkuk education and were distributed into two equal groups by
(10) students per group and was parity between them in the variables that have an impact on the experiment and adopted the researcher questionnaire and personal interview, measurements and tests means of collecting information and consisted of educational curricula (15) educational units by two units per week and the duration of each educational unit (90) minutes Before starting the application of the educational curricula conducted the researcher and the coach of the Kirkuk basketball education team exploratory experiments to identify the obstacles that may face the researcher before starting the implementation of the main experiment and the implementation of the educational curricula began on Sunday And Tuesday of each week, starting on 8/12/2022, and the implementation of the educational curricula was completed on 31/1/202. The researcher used the statistical program (SPSS) (statistical bag)

The study aimed to design exercises using a sponge mat and to identify the extent of the effect of these exercises on the level of performance of the skills of receiving and defending the field in volleyball - sitting, as the researchers used the experimental method by designing the control and experimental groups to suit the nature of the research. The research community and its sample consisted of (14) players from the Wasam Al-Majd Club in volleyball - sitting, who are the entire original community and participants in the season (2023_2024). The researchers filmed a complete match for three sets by Two video cameras were used and the match was printed on CDs and distributed to the specialized evaluators, (5) evaluators, to give evaluation grades for the actual level. The researcher used the statistical package (spss) in the statistical treatments (arithmetic mean, median, t value, standard deviation). It was shown through the statistical analysis that the use of the designed exercises, which were designed by the researcher, had a significant impact on the level of performance of the skills of receiving and defending the field in volleyball - sitting, and that the use of the sponge mat had a positive impact on the level of performance of the skills in volleyball - sitting. Also, performing the exercises designed using the sponge mat had a positive impact on increasing the strength of the muscles of the arms and buttocks. Increasing this strength increased the speed of the player's transitional movement, reaction speed and skill performance, and increasing the speed resulting from the effect of increasing the strength in the muscles of the arms and buttocks had a positive impact on the level of performance of the skills (reception and defending the field).

The study aimed to learn about the impact of the recreational programmed on the psychological aspects of achieving psychological compatibility among retirees, and to design a recreational program suitable for retirees, demonstrating the importance of investing leisure time among retirees to benefit them psychologically and physically.
In order to achieve the study's objectives, the quasi-experimental curriculum was used: the approach that is predominantly based on the study of human phenomena as they are in nature without human intervention, or is defined as the study of the relationship between two variables on what they actually are without control of variables.
The study was conducted in Nineveh governorate, through the application of a sports recreational program to a sample of two control and experimental groups. The sample will be chosen from a deliberate manner consisting of 50 retired persons, from Nineveh governorate who were divided into two groups each consisting of 25 individuals.The study reached a set of findings; The main ones are: the absence of statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the level of psychological compatibility of tribal application, and the existence of statistically significant differences between the average scores of tribal and postgraduate applications of the experimental group in the level of personal compatibility of retirees members of the study sample.The study also made some recommendations; The most important are: training pensioners, on how to increase their psychological compatibility, and providing psychological care programs for retirees with the participation of their families.

The study aims to: build a performance quality scale for school sports activity members in Iraq from the point of view of technical supervisors, setting standard levels and grades for school sports activity affiliates in Iraq, the researcher used the descriptive approach in a survey method, and the research community identified technical supervisors from the sports and school activity departments in the General Directorates of Education in the Iraqi governorates, numbering (307) technical supervisors, and the researcher built the scale based on the stages of building the scale scientifically, and the raw data that The researcher processes them statistically using the statistical bag (spss. 24) According to what the results require and serve the objectives of the study, the researcher has reached in his study a number of results, the most important of which are: The researcher reached to build a scale for the quality of performance of members of school sports activity in Iraq from the point of view of technical supervisors, standard levels and degrees were set for the scale.

The current research aims to identify the effect of three-dimensional animation on learning some rhythmic gymnastics skills (body skills + tool skills) under study. The study was conducted. The current research community represents female students of the College of Physical Education - Al-Mustaqbal University - Babylon - Iraq in the first semester of the academic year 2024/2025 AD.
The researchers used the experimental method for two groups, one experimental and the other control, with pre- and post-measurement, due to its suitability to the nature of the research on a sample of (50) female students and (10) female students to conduct the exploratory study. Homogeneity was achieved among the sample members, and the educational program was prepared using three-dimensional animation. The researchers used performance evaluation forms as research tools. One of the most important results reached by the study was: the positivity of the educational program using three-dimensional animation on learning some (body skills + tool skills).
The researchers recommend using 3D animation in teaching other courses of group and individual games, as it has a positive impact on raising the level of performance among female students, as well as training physical education teachers in-service to use 3D animation that works according to modern technology

The research objectives were the following:
- The effect of exercises accompanied by an electronic system designed to stabilize the hip of sitting volleyball players.
-- Identifying the effect of exercises accompanied by an electronic system designed to stabilize the hip on some physical abilities of sitting volleyball players.
The research sample was deliberately selected from the players with mobility disabilities in the sitting volleyball from the Iraqi national Paralympic Committee / Diyala branch for the year (2023-2024) , (16) players representing the entire origin community and (4) randomly selected players were excluded because they represent the pilot study , and thus the number of sample members became (12) players and were randomly distributed into two groups, the first group (experimental) and the second group (control) and in (6) players per group, bringing the percentage of the research sample (75 %) of the total research sample .Pre-and post-tests were carried out, as well as the use of appropriate statistical means.