Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

An experiment was carried out test salt tolerance of three grape (Vitisvinifera L.) seedless cultivars ( Crimson seedless , Princess and Summer Royal) in vitro , according to effects of NaCl on plantlets growth indicators for the selection of the most salt-tolerant cultivar . Plantlets were cultured in liquid MS medium provided with 5 concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100 .150 and 200) mM for 21 days in culture room. At the end of experiment ,growth indicatars plantlets survival percentage, plantlets damage index , number of leaves , plantlets dry weight, and root dry weight system were calculated .Adding sodium chloride to
the growth medium caused reducing the plantlets survival percentage, vegetative and root growth indicators ( average number of leaves , plantlets dry weight, and root dry weight system,) and increasing the degree of plantlets damage with increasing the concentration of sodium chloride salt in growth medium up to 200 mM. There were a significant differences in response of grape cultivars the addition of sodium chloride salt to growth medium. Results showed that Crimson seedlessand Summer Royal were more salt tolerant compared with Princess. No significant differences were noted between Crimson seedless and Summer Royal in survival percentage , degree of plantlets damage and root dry weight .There were a significant differences between interaction treatments in which Crimson seedless plantlets grown in freeNaClmedium gave higher values in the Survival percentage of plantlets, average number of leaves , plantlets dry weight, and root dry weight, and less degree damaged, while the lowest values were in the plantlets of interaction treatments between (200 mM and Crimson seedless , Princess and Summer Royal) in the survival percentage of plantlets, number of leaves , shootdry weight , root dry weight .
Key Words : grape plantlets , invitro , salt stress

Today human being is facing an environmental crisis formed as a result of repeated poor management of the environment and the non-programmed growth for human population ,this would threaten human health and his existence as a kind.so this study was conducted to demonstrated the role of education and environmental awareness to members community in reducing and minimizing environmental pollution as well as, to illustrate the importance of the environmental tax law in reducing of the environmental pollution.The current study included theoretical part about concepts of environmental awareness, education and the concept of the environmental tax law, while the second axis included the field study involved analysis and discussion of the answers form questionnaire survey that was distributed to college students and it was consisted of several questions about most prominent reasons that led to the deterioration of the environmental situation in the country and the most important factors of which to be carried out in order to protect the environment with a statement of the role of family, school and university to devote and prevalence of environmental awareness.
The sample of this study composed 336 students from the college of science for women, college of arts, college of physical education, and college of pharmacy for the academic year (2013-2014),the completed answerers has been collected, analyzed by using arithmetic mean and the percentage.Most of the students' answerers indicated that there weakness in environmental awareness and environmental education among the member of society, this explain to the weakness of the family, school and university in fulfilling its role in environmental protection awareness and their lake application to environmental tax law, our study concluded that increase environment population in our country as a result of the weakness in the role of the educational system, and the school curriculum was missed to the environmental education, as well as to the reduced contribution by the family, school and university in enhance awareness and environmental education among members of society.

The study was carried out at the laboratories of the collage of Agriculture \ University of Kirkuk in 2013-2014 season for the purpose of testing the extent of the resistance of some types of local & Non local Tree Sapwood to the fungal infection (Aspergillus niger,Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium oxalicum). The loss in the Specific Grafity ( SG ) of the seven forest tree Sapwoodadopted as an indicator of the infection extent and also relied on the ratios of Chemical component for the fixation of fungal growth on woods . The result showed that the Specific Grafity of the Sapwood for (Pinus brutia , Pinus eldarica, Quercus agelops, Quercus infectoria,Salix acmophylla ,Melia azadirachta and Acer cineracens) were (0.420, 0.434, 0.682, 0.618, 0.455, 0.482, 0.651) resbectivly before the fungal infection . These values has decreasedbecause they were influenced by all the factors studied , which were ( wood type and Fungis ). The results also apeared that wood types of trees which containing a high percentage of extracts showed good resistance to fungal infection , the lowest value of loosing in Specific Gravity wasin Pinus brutis ( 0.072 ) and the largest value in the Quercus agilops (0.190). However, all fungal types has an effected on Specific Gravity for the Sapwood . Aspergillus niger showed a greater impact on the infected woods , when the losses ratio was ( 0.141).

This study was conducted at the poultry from Department of Animal science College ofAgriculture / University of AlQasim Green , for the period from 17/10/2014 to 29 /11 /2014. Followed by labortorial work.The research aims to study the best lycopene concentration that added to the diet deeras heat strees for quail 300 unsexed quail chicks were used and reaved on litter from 1-8 days of age and then moved to batteries. Lycopene was added to chicks diet from 8 - 42 days of age. Chicks were randomly distributed in to 5 treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 and lycopene levels added to the diets were 0, 150, 200¸ 250 and 300 mg lycopene / kg feed respectively .the results of the experiment showed significantly increase (p ˂ 0.01) in weights and carcass ration for lycopene tratments in comparison with control, Highly significant (P˂0.01) increase for lycopene tratments in liver weight, as well as a significant improvement (P˂0.05) in heart weight and gizzard during the duration of the experiment, as well as high moral (p ˂ 0.05) in the preparation of bacteria (Lactobaclli) while¸what a significant decrease (p <0.01) was happened in bacteria (Colifrom). This study concluded that lycopene addition to the diets of quail works to increase the percentage of carcass and the percentage of some edible internal organs.

The study was conducted in veterinary general company Labortory\Research and Labortory branch belong of to the Ministry of Agriculture\public health and food safety for 3\4\2014-1\10\2014 to study the beefimported Luncheon meat in Baghdad city by evaluting some chemical,qulity and bacterial properties.The data obtained revealed the following results: The chemical analysis of markts Luncheon beef meat indicated that Low percentage of Moisture and protein ,High percentage of Lipids ,and high percentage of Ash and crbohydrate which do not follow the allowance limits of markets Luncheon beef meat.The Quality tests results showed the theTotal Volatile Nitrogen was higher than the allowance limits,while the nitrate, Myoglobin concentration, Thiobarbituric acid, and Free fatty acids were at the allowable limits from standard specification. Microbal tests results indicated that some samples continued few growth bacteria which was within the allowance limits from Luncheon beef meat. The results showed that it is necessaryfor the processing of all meat types including the canned onset p be subjected into pericdic assessment in order to provide meat with good mutried value,suitable for consumption,thusprotectingpublichealth. .

Research was conducted in the laboratories of Unit palm tissue culture micropropagation in the College of Agriculture / University of Kufa during the period 2014-2015, including factorial experiment in a complete randomized design to study the effect of sodium chloride NaCl concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5)% in cells callus growth of four varieties of wheat (Hashemia, Abu Ghraib, Abbaa 99 and Iraq) which derived from the cultivation of mature embryos in-vitro under salt stress. Fresh , dry weight , rate of absolute growth , callus salt tolerance index and the percentage of dry matter of the callus were adopted as an indicator to determine callus capability of these varieties to sustain salt stress. The varieties were differed among themselves significantly where Hashemita var. was superior in (fresh weight of callus and the dry weight of callus) when the highest average was (0.0850 g and 8.09 mg), respectively.
Control treatment achieved the highest average in (fresh weight of callus, dry weight of callus, absolute growth rate and the percentage of dry matter in the callus) which were (0.1059 g, 9.61 mg, 17.93 mg / day and 9.44%) respectively, The parameters were decreased sharply and significantly with increasing salt concentrations in the medium.The interaction between varieties and salt concentrations had a significant effect and the interaction of (Hashemita x control treatment) gave the highest average for (fresh weight of callus, dry callus weight, absolute growth rate and the percentage of dry matter in the callus) which were (0.1297 g, 16.63 mg, 20.53 mg / day and 12.35%), respectively.

The experiment was carried out at Azawia- Babylon during spring and autum season of 2014 to study growth and yield of squash hybrids (Fadwa&Ardendo174) withseven fertilization treatments with peatmosswhich were: (no fertilization,local peatmoss,imported peatmoss, local and imported peatmoss,local peat moss treated with poultry suspension, imported peatmoss treated with poultry suspension,local and imported peatmoss treated with poultry suspension)in a split plot design usingRCBD with three replicates.Results showed the"Fadwa" cv significantlywhenimported peatmoss treated with poultry suspension in germination rate, stem diameter and leaf area, while the "Ardendo174" cvsignificantlywhen imported peatmoss treated with poultry suspension in rate of early,medium and late yield (13.84, 6.75), (27.38,13.96) and (18.40,6.08) ton/ hectar for both seasons

Local wood sawdust, as a surrogate for the current expensive adsorbents of removing Direct red 89 (DR89) and Basic Blue 41(BB41) dyes from aqueous solution was investigated. concerning the factors affected on the adsorption efficiency such as contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH of solution have been studies. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of DR89 and BB41 dyes was increased with the increase of the initial dye concentration and the optimum dye concentration was 10 mg/L for each dye. The contact time required to reach equilibrium was 40 and 10 minute for DR89 dye and BB41 dye, respectively. Was the optimum pH 2 for adsorption of DR89 dye and pH10 for adsorption of BB41 dye. Adsorption isotherm data showed that adsorption can be fitting to both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. The results of thermodynamic parameters study showed that the adsorption process of both dyes onto sawdust surface are spontaneous. The enthalpy values ΔH found that adsorption was endothermic for DR89 dye adsorption and exothermic for BB41 dye.

Afield experiment was conducted at Hussainyah township of kerblal , Iraq in the summer season of 2013 to study the effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid GA3on growth and yield of three Sorghum bicollor (L.) cultivars(inqath,rabeh,kafeer) . The design of the experiment was factorial experiment R.C.B.D. with three replicates . The experiment consisted of two factors .The first factor included three sorghum varieties and the second factor included GA3 concentrations ( 0 , 50 , 100 , 150 mg.L-1 ),The result showed that : rabeh gave highest values of the leaf number panicles weight and grain yield they were ( 10.417 leaf plant-1 , 108.6 gm and 11.20 t.ha-1 ) respectively . Spraying with 100 mg.L-1 of GA3 improved significantly 1000 grain weight ( 30.86 gm ) and the spraying 150 gm.L-1 GA3 improved significantly grain yield ( 9.91 t.ha-1) and it was no significant different when spraying with gibberllic acid conceutrantion 100 gm.L-1 The interaction between GA3 concentration and cultivars was significant in the plant height and 1000 grain weight . It can be concluded that , spraying 100 mg . L-1 of GA3 concentration led to significant increase in grain yield .

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the oil waste in raisers phenomenon of chlorination and its role in heavy elements in the soil of Samawah oil refinery. After preliminary laboratory procedures, test results showed increase the amount of heavy elements such as lead, nickel and cadmium in the soil pedonsthat affected by oil residues compared to non-affected soil pedon. As a result of drought and perhaps the role of the disability caused by aromatic and aliphatic compounds to the petroleum residue that gets geometrical arrangement and the process of crystallization of magnesium hydroxide within the inner layers of Clay minerals (1:2) expanding Montmorillonit and Vermiculite by transforming them into metal chlorite because of the Brucite layerdeposition and the occurrence of chlorinationphenomenon. This was confirmed the result of X-ray diffraction existence bloated chlorite on site which consists of Montmorillonit or Vermiculitemetals whenaffected pedons soil horizons in the waste oil, without his presence in the comparable soil of Pedon which was in similar environmental conditions to those pedons soil accept of the wastessoil.

This study aimedtoobtain theoocytes fromthe buffalos ovaryand maturing them In Vitro andstudying allthe hormonal changes. Collected(38) ovariesare collected from the20femalebuffalowho had slaughtered in the massacreof the Babylon provincefor the period from14/05/2014to 20/12/2014. The results showedthat there was a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) of ageonthe total number ofoocytes,whilethe effect ofageon the number ofgoodandmatureoocyteswas not significant ( P≥ 0.05) However , there was a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05)ofagein the proportion ofmatureoocytes.There was a significant (P≤ 0.05) effectofageon the level ofestrogen andprogesteronehormones , whileno significant difference ( P≥ 0.05) in the level of FSH and LH hormones was found. The results of the study showed that there was no significant difference( P≥ 0.05) between the absence of the corpus luteum and the total number of oocytes , while there is higher proportion of the good and Mature oocytes with the presence of the corpus luteum, The results of the study showed that the presence of corpus luteum was not significantly (P≥ 0.05) affects the level of studied hormones a( FSH, LH, EstrogenE2 and Progesterone P4) respectively .

In this study, a new design valve was used to estimate the total phenols and antioxidant
activity based on continuous flow injection analysis was developed for the assessment with
Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) reducing capacity in several types of food products using gallic
acid as the standards. Solution for mixing of sample and reagent were tested (continuous flow of
FCR, merging zones, and intercalated zones approaches); lower reagent consumption and higher
determination throughput were attained for the merging zones approach. The application of the
proposed method to pure compounds and wheat extract provided results with detection limit was
0.05 mg L-1 for both standards, and the determination frequency was about 55 h-1, good
repeatability was attained (RSD < 2.48%, n = 10) for gallic acid, whereas 120 h-1, (RSD 0.65, n
= 10) for ascorbic acid. Highest total phenols in wheat extract was (2.50 mg/g GAE, 2.0 mg/g
GAE) for using FIA-FCR, FIA-UV detection respectively. Development of FIA-DPPH, FIAFRAP
system were applied for determination of radical scavenging activity RSA%, contents of
antioxidant compounds as well as, the reducing power activity RPA% of obtained wheat extract
has been investigated. Radical scavenging activity was found to exhibit IC50 value for extract
concentration of 7.6 μg/mL DPPH, 1/IC50 0.329 μg/mg TP GAE. The reducing power RP was
99.9 mg RP / g wheat. All investigated methanolic wheat extract possess reductive capabilities.

The aim of this experiment was to know the effects of different levels of magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers and their interaction on growth and yield of wheat in two different soils. The study included a biological experiment (planting in plastic pots) involved four magnesium levels: 0, 30, 60, and 90 Kg.h-1; as magnesium sulfate, four levels of phosphorus: 0, 40, 80, and 160 Kg.h-1; as triple superphosphate fertilizer and two different soil texture: clay loam (S1) and sand (S2), were used. The wheat cultivar was Ibaa99 and Complete Random Design was used including four levels of both magnesium and phosphorus and two soils with three replicates.
The results were as the followings:
Increasing the level of Mg addition led to a significant increment in all wheat growth and yield studied indicators: plant height, yield of straw and grains, total yield, and the weight of 100 grains; 90 Kg Mg.h-1 achieved higher increment, in previous indicators, , 14.71, 11.60, 26.31 g.pot-1 and 3.32 g, respectively. So Significantly, increasing added P led increment in all plant indicators at 80 Kg P.h-1 in which were, 19.41, 16.07 and 35.49 mg.pot-1 and 3.42 g for, straw and grain yield, total yield and the weight of 100 grains, respectively.

A field experiment was conducted in Diyala province to study the influence of irrigation water quality and soil texture in field water's infiltration. The treatments of study were three different textures namely, first texture was loamy sand soil, second texture was loamy clay and third texture was silty clay, five different saline water were used (0.76, 4.00, 8.00, 12.00 and 16.00) dS.m-1.Also, three equations were used for conformity measures which were ( Kostiakov ( 1932) , Kostiakov – Philip , and Philip (1957d )) by using the statistical system ( SPSS ) was used to estimate equations factors, standard error and regression coefficient. Double ring infiltrometer was used to measure field infiltration value (infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration ) . The design of experiment was factorial experiment with use of Randomized Complete Block Design ( RCBD ) with three repetitions. was The result shoed that soil texture had an effect on infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration , they were increased in the loamy sand soil comparative with other two soils .The increasing percentage was 93% , 79% respectively as compared with silty clay soil which give the lowest rate. The irrigation water quality effect on filtration water when the increasing of water salinity makethe soil structure better. The increasing percent in infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration rate was 20% and 41 % respectively in salinity water treatment of 16 dS-1 compare with salinity water treatment 0.76 dS-1 while the lowest percent infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration rate in salinity water of treatment 4 dS-1 with low percent 10% , 9 % respectively compare with salinity water of treatment 0.76 dS-1.Kostiakov- Philip gave the best accordance between the infiltration values that measured in field and counted in the equations followed by Kostiakov ( 1932 ) and Philip(1957d) and for all the soils studied.

Thetrial was conducted at Babylon city in the spring season of 2013 . The experment consisted of the salicylic acid was added with tow concentrations (78,155)mg.L1- and Boron with (100)mg.L1- besides the control for themThe experment was conducted by Randomized complet Block design with three replication at factorial experiment.Number of pranch , chlorophyllcontent,stem diameter ,Plant high , fruit wight, number of fruit , yield and percentage of nitrogen , phosphore and protine were determined . the resoltwaseshow:The Boron element non significant effected on the traits But interaction it with salicylic acid was significant effected on often traits except :planthigh,plant diameter and phosphore also the salicylic acidsignificant effect on there traits except:plant high ,plant diameter, fruit weight and phosphore.

This study was carried in some of the Middle Euphrates areas in the provinces of Babil, Najaf and Karbala, for the purpose of knowledge seporatedprevailing sand and the weathering status exposured by it the minerals within the studied area. Sites for eight pedonats were chosen and the surface samples between tow pedonats was identified using satellite image of the moon for Landsat 7 and these sites were the University of Babylon, alkifl, alshla mosque, Alhaidariya, agricultural city of Al-Hussein, Karbalaa University, alhindia Horticulture andHilla, which were identified its coordinates using a GPS device, thepedonats of the study were characterizedand the soil samples were obtained from each vista for laboratory analysis. Laboratory sideinvolerd estimate minerals separated soft sand, however in desktop side, the GIS9.3 program was used to draw a map that show the distribution of each minerals in thestudied area through the use of Kriging property.The results showed that the sovereignty of the minerals separated heavy sand was ofOpequse, chlorite , Biotite, however, light minerals sand sovereignty wasfor mineral quartz, calcite, evaporites, The weathering guide values were low throughout the study area.

This study aims to find out the effect of irrigation with different qualities of water and the addition different levels of sulfur in some recipes calcareous characters and growth of wheat crop Class Sham 6 Triticum aestivum L .. As the experiment was carried out using soil mixture and placed in plastic pots and watered with three types of irrigation water with conductivities Electrics (0.30, 1.35,6.80) dsc.M-1 .and add sulfur was added in four levels (0, 100 200 400) Melgm.cgm -1 soil before approximately a month from planting. The results showed a decrease in water conductivity with salinity while apparent density also raised and fell of plant height, weight of 1000 grains, and holds dry matter yield with increasing salinity, while increased water conductivity values and decreased apparent density values and decreased each of plant height, weight of 1000 grains, and dry matter yield as well with increasing the level of sulfur added. The highest value recorded for aquatic conductivity was 2.78 cm -1 . h when irrigated with fresh water and sulfur level of 400 Melgm.cgm -1 while the lowest, value of the apparent density was by 1.20 g. Cm -3 and the highest high by recorded was 54.15 cm, while the highest dry matter yields was 39.75 g when irrigation with rider water and the adding sulfur level by 400 -1 Melgm.cgm Also got the highest weight of 1000 grain at the same level by 28.12 g.

The experiment was conducted in the lath house inCollege of Agriculture / University of Karbala for the period from 15 / 2 / 2013 to 15/ 7 /2013 to study the effect of concentrations of seradixpowder to Stimulate cutting of fig varieties (Wazeri and Black Diyala) to rooting and improve some of the root qualities and vegetative of seedlings produced. Seradix used with three concentrations (0.8,0.3,0%). Factorial experiment was conducted randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates by (10) cutting for each treatment. The results showed superiority of varietyWazeriupon Black Diyalasignificantly in most of the root and vegetative characters (the percentage of rooting and average lengths of the roots and dry weight of the root and the lengths of shoots and leaf area) .The results also showed that the treatment of the cutting withseradix concentration 0.8% achieved the best results and moral superiority to the rest of the concentrations in (the percentage of rooting and the rate of the roots lengths and lengths of shoots, number of leaves and leaf area). The interaction between the variety and the concentrations of seradix showed significant differences in most of the studied characters.Thevariety Wazeriwith treatment concentration of 0.8% was significantly increased for giving the highest rate.

Research aims to study the most important factors affecting the profit function and eco-nomic productive function as well as the estimate of productivity function cost. Cross-sectional data used in a random sample included 55 farms of Muqdadiya Region ,Quantitative analysis results for estimating profit function.Show that amount of output pa-rameters great importance in profit compared to the rest of the price variables and average production costs.As for estimating the economic productive function stated that results of study showed allorgatima double model was the most convenient for the relationship adopt-ed in the study. Also the total production elasticities amounted to 0.96 which it used in the second stage of the productive function, as for estimating the total cost function, it was that stated cube model was the most suitable for the relationship adopted in the study.As result adopted get the optimal size for wheat production at 48.04 tons by 54.58 dunum, Inaddition study showed that measuring the technical competence , economic and price in wheat produc-tion amounted 53% , 75% , 39% respectivty. Profitable efficiecy of crop was accounted by the actual size of production and optimization of 0.93 and 1.56 respectivty.

This study was conducted on an private orchards at Aldora, south of Baghdad .during the period from 2005 to 2009 ,to study the probability of rooting the stem near the head of six Iraqi cultivars: Zahdi, Khadrwi Mandly, Bream ,Khestawi, Asta-Umran and Teberzal .Two mg/l of IBA was used to enhance rooting along with 2 ml/l fungicide(Pafestien) and 10% waxing agent (parafine) for blocking wounds and reducing the lose of water . The response obtained for rooting was differ among to the cultivar Khadrawi cv. gave the highest percentage 75% ,while the percentage for Zahdi and Bream cvs were 50% each. Whoever no rooting obtained with both Khestawi and Teberzal cvs. The success of transplanting was highest for Zahdi, Khadrwi Mandly and Asta-Umran cvs 100% according to rooted trees and Zahdi, Khadrwi Mandly cvs 50% according to the total number of date palm trees used . the percentage obtained with Asta-Umran cv was 25% each but transplanting was failed with Khestawi, Bream and Teberzal cvs our conclusion is that IBA,waxing and fungicide were crucial for success of rotting and transplanting .Also the numbers and kind of roots were important for success transplanting. Where success transplanting need a good root system on the head of date palm , as in the Zahdi and Khadrawi Mandally and moderately in the Asta-Umran, whover the Bream more time to made a good quality of roots before cutting and transplanting. Also in the term of the gong of root and diameter both Zuhdi and Khadrawi Mandally were give highest average among the other cvs. rates of two traits mentioned above.

This study was carried out in the Tuwaitha research station/Seed Technology Center/Ministry of Science and Technology to assess 61 aerobic rice genotypes introduced from International Rice Research Institute IRRI in Philippines where the same genotypes were planted in 7 different environments in the two countries China and India during the agricultural season 2009. Genotypes + Genotype x Environment (GGE) were used to evaluate two characters which were early flowering and grain yield (t/ha). The results showed that genotypes (2, 3, 4, and 10) were stable and superior in grain yield (t/ha), early flowering, and suitable in H environment (India).

To know the effects of different levels application of magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers and their interaction on growth and yield of wheat in two different soils texture. The study included a biological experiment (planting in plastic pots) involved four magnesium levels: 0, 30, 60, and 90 Kg.ha-1;as magnesium sulfate , four levels of phosphorus: 0, 40, 80, and 160 Kg.ha-1; as triple superphosphate, and two different soils texture: clay loam (S1) and sand (S2), were used. The wheat cultivar was Ibaa99 and Complete Random Design was used including four levels of both magnesium and phosphorus and two soils with three replicates.
The results were as the followings:
Significantly, both Mg and P contents increased in straw and grain by increasing added Mg and their higher increment was at 90 Kg.mg ha-1 in which were 2.04 and 4.22 g.Kg-1 plant dry mass of P concentration and 4.23 and 2.65 g.Kg-1 plant dry mass of Mg concentration for straw and grain, respectively.So Both Mg and P contents had increased in straw and grains with increasing added P and the higher P absorption value was at 160 Kg P.ha-1 of 2.16 and 5.04 g.Kg-1 plant dry mass for P content and 3.97 and 2.52 g.Kg-1 plant dry mass for Mg content of straw and grains, respectively.

A field experiment was carried out during the autumn season of 2014/2015, in the Organic fertilizer and Mashroom Planting preparation project at Alhusainiya township/Karbala province in clay loam soil to study the effect of four levels of organic fertilizer (date palm leaves compost) which were 0 , 20 , 40 , and 60 ton h‾¹ and three centrationcon of humic acid which 0 , 1.5 , and 3 ml L‾¹ and their interaction on some soil characteristics and yield qualtity characteristics of potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.) Alla´a alddin variety.The experiment was included 12 treatment using RCBD design with 3 replications and the treatmentts were distributed randomzy on the experimentes units , and use LSD test to compare between means under 0.05 level . The results has summarized the study, including the following:Asignificant differences between organic fertilizer levels on the effect on some soil caharcteristics after planting , in to reducing the bulk density means and increase available nitrogen , phosphorus , and potassium in Soil . The 60 ton h‾¹ was suporior sygnificant when gave lower mean values of bluk density reached to 1.02 mecagram m‾3 ,and increase the means of NPK when reached to 144.86 mg kg‾¹ , 38.33 mg kg‾¹ , and 170.40 mg kg‾¹ respectively , while humic acid was suporior at the level 3 ml L‾¹ when gave lower mean value of bluk density reached 1.13 mecagram m-3 ,and gave higher values for then means of NPK reached to 130.72 mg kg‾¹ , 30.53 mg kg‾¹ , and 142.20 mg kg‾¹ respectively . The interaction between treatments showed that treatment C4H3 suporior for gaving lowest mean value of bluck density and highest mean to the soil content of NPK compare to the control treat ment. Significant differences was found between organic fertilizer levels for the effect on yield qualtity charaeristics such as number , weight of tubers , and marketing yield quantity of tubers , the 60 ton h‾¹ gave higher mean values for the characteristics above when reached to 6.43 tuber. plant‾¹ , 96.86 gm and 624.86 gm. plant‾¹ respectively .In addition, level 3 ml L‾¹ of humic acid was significatly gave higher means for the the some characteristics above when reached to 6.35 tuber. plant‾¹ , 89.75 gm , 572.45 gm. plant‾¹ respectively, However, the interaction treatment s showed that C4H3 was superior for gaving highest means for the yeild markketing characteristics above.

This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of Syzygium aromaticum and Juglans regia ethanol extracts against Fusarium solani causing cotton seedling damping-off on PDA and under greenhouse condition.Toxicity the concentration, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/mg of S. aromaticum extracts in growth of fungus pathogen, and was tested the concentration5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 mg/mg of Juglans regia . Results showed that S. aromaticum ethanol extract was mor effective than J. regia extract. The inhibition percentage of pathogenic fungal growth was found to be 76.6 , 84.4 with the concentration o.5, 1 mg/mg and found to be 100% with the concentration 5, 10, 15, 20 for the Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract while the inhibition percentage was found to be 43.3, 57.7, 70, 73.3, 100, 100% for the Juglans regia ethanol extracts at the concentrations respectively .However; in the green house, the treatment seed with Syzygium aromaticum and Juglans regia ethanol extracts at 2.5 and 30 respectively was led to significant reduced the percentage of pre and post emeraence damping off compared with control treatment. The percentage of seedling damping off pre and post emerging were reached 12.5, 20.7 respectively with Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract , while it reached 20.7, 37.5 respectively with Juglans regia ethanol extracts , compared with 41.7, 50% respectively for the control treatment, which indicate that the active compound in the extracts controling of this pathogen.

This study was planed to compare between different types of probiotics in two level used in common carp fish food to study it's effect 0n biochemical parameters which included the blood picture and the activity of the ALT, AST and ALP.A same ration was fed for 84 days to nine fish groups (15 fish/each) with initial weight 22.44 ± 2 gm/fish and the intact ration was fed to the 1st fish group as a control. The biominimbo probiotic was added 1gm/1kg ration for the 2nd fish group and 2 gm/1kg ration for the 3rd group. 0.5 and1 gm of the poultry star®me per 1kg ration was used to feed the 4th and 5th fish group respectively. The ration of the 6th fish group included 6 gm of the Iraqi probiotics and the 7th group ration included 8 gm of the same probiotics. 3 and 5 gm of the commericial dry yeast was added to the 8th and 9th fish group ration respectively. The blood picture analysis indicated that the compact cells and the hemoglobin concentration of the probiotic fed fish in group 4,5,2 and 3 were significantly (p<0.05) grater than that found for the other groups. The Heterophil/Lymphocyte was scored significantly (p<0.05) higher in the 8th and 9th fish groups than the others. Blood serum protein and globuline of the probiotic fed fish group were found positively significant (p<0.05) grater value than the control, and a significant (p<0.05) supereority in serum albumin was found in favor of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th fish group aganest the control. The control group fish showed a greater ALT, AST, ALP activity than the others, while the AST and ALP activity was higher in 5th group than the others.

This study was conducted in private apricot orchard in In Sab al Boor city in Baghdad during 2013 /2014 growing seasons to investigate the influence of fertilizer and spray with plant growth regulators Brassinolide and seaweed extract (Marine Fert) on 7 years old trees of “Zanjelli” apricot cultivar. The first factor is five types of fertilizers (B); with out application (B1), application 15 gm.tree-1 of biofertilizer (Phosphorene) (B2), application 15 gm.tree-1 of biofertilizer (Nitrobeine) (B3), application 15 gm.tree-1 of both (Phosphorene + Nitrobeine) (B4) and application on compound fertilizer NPK with recommended quantity in apricot trees (B5). And the second factor is foliar application with seaweed extract (Marine Fert) with three levels, spray with water only (control) (M0), 2,5 ml.L-1 (M2,5) and 5 ml.L-1 (M5) . The third factor is foliar application with plant growth regulator Brassinolide with three levels, spray with water only (control) (Bl0), 1,5 ppm (Bl1,5) and 3 ppm (Bl3). Each treatment replicated three times with a factorial experiment using RCBD. The number of trees used was 135 trees. The experimental results showed third interactions between study factors had a significant effect in in most of the vegetative growth specially B5Bl3M5 its gave the higher in most vegetative growth characteristics.

Wheat bran protein concentrate was hydrolyzed using pancreatic Trypsin . The results showed highest enzymatic hydrolysis was 17 % on 37c , PH 8, Enzyme concentration 2ml/100 ml protein suspension for 2h , Enzymedhydrolysate separated using gel filtration technique and three peaks were obtained with peptides concentrate (0.234, 0.546, 0.789) mg/ml receptivity. SDS Electrophoresis results showed polypeptide less than 7 K Da. The antioxidant activity for separated parts was evaluated using different assays, such as Cu ion chelation, reducing power, scavenging power against 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reactive oxygen species under in vitro conditions . Wheat bran protein hydrolytes exhibited an effective Cu+2 chelating activity 67.9% and reducing power 87.9% . It also showed a high DPPH radical scavenging activity (75.6 %), which was comparable to that of the synthetic antioxidant, (butylatedhydroxytoluene).

An experiment was carried out in special fields for spring growing season of 2013 in Abu-Ghraib (40 km west of Baghdad) to study the effect of the treatments of spraying nutrient setter-2 in qualitative and quantitative characteristics of potato tubers cultivars (Alaska and Safari) . The treatments of spraying nutrient included Setter-2 solution at three concentrations (0.8 , 1.6 and 3.2 ml.L-1) besides control treatment with using Randomized Complete Block Design in split – plot, the cultivars was considered as main-plot and spraying nutrient solution as sub – plot with three replications.The results showed that cv. Safari gave a higher effect than cv. Alaska in almost ofmarkers studied) number of air branches in plant and number of marketable tubers and number of total tubers and dry matter nand starch percentage in tubers) except N% and Ca% levels in tubers while caltivars gave no significant effect in weight of marketable tuber and boron concentration in tubers . Also the spraying with setter-2 nutrient (1.6 ml.L-1) led to give a significant effect in most of parameters studied . It was also noticed that spraying with nutrient solution (0.8 ml.L-1) gave a higher dry matter percentage and starch content in tubers while the level of nitrogen and boron was affected by spraying with nutrient (3.2 ml.L-1) significantly compare to control treatment. However , interaction between experiment factors gave a significant effect in all markers studied .

The study has been performed at College of Science/Babylon university,which contained 25 male rabbits.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of extraction of Lepidiumsativumseeds in the concentrations of some white male rabbits hormones. The In Vivo study include using of the medium effect dose (MED50) for extraction of plant seeds. The mean of MED50 were 33.6, 36.1, and 53.3 mg/kg ofbody weight for tocopherol, phenol, and terpen respectively.The MED50concentrations of tocopherol and phenol caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in concentration of testosterone, prolactin, andluteinizing hormones, and no significant increase(P>0.05) in concentration of follicle stimulating hormone, whilea significant decrease (P<0.05)was found in concentration of follicle stimulating hormone caused by terpen MED50.

Field experiment was conducted during autumn season 2013 in field experiments in Hindia city Kerbela . The experiment was arranged to Randomized Complete Blocks Design split – split plots and three replicats to study the respons of corn for differents levels of nitrogen Fertilization ( N0 ) with out fertilizer , (N 75 ) 75 kgms Nitrogen per hectare , ( N150 ) 150 kgms nitrogen per hectare under three methods of irrigation ( I1 ) ordinary irrigation , ( I2 ) rotation irrigation , ( I3 ) alternative irrigation and there effects on Bohaoth 106 ( V ) and American hybrid 6120 ( H ) genotypes . significant differences ware found between geno types , Nitrogen fertilizer levels, Irrigation methods and there is interaction . Genotype Bohooth 106 was superior upon American hybrid 6120 in the percentage of glutein ( 37. 64 % ), and percentage of protein (10.3 % ) and grain protein content ( 48 . 54 mgm ) and oil percentage ( 3.8 % ) while American hybrid 6120 was superior grain weight( 476. 2 mgm ) and testing weight ( 64.15 Kg / hictoleter ) . fertilizer treatment (150 N/ h ) shows significant for grain weight ( 480.8 mgm ) , testing weight ( 71.01 Kg/ hicoleter ) , percentage for glutein 41.18 % , percentage of protein ( 10.7% ) , grain protein content ( 49.92 mgm ) and oil percentage ( 4.0 % ) comparing to other fertilizer treatments . for the irrigation methods , results showed the of the superiority of the alternative irrigation method ( I3 ) in grain weight ( 486. 7 ) , I3 in grain weight ( 486. 7 ) , percentage of glutein ( 39.07 % ) , percentage of protein 10.1% , grain protein content protein content (49.22 mgm ) , oil percentage ( 3.9 % ) However ordinary Irrigation method I1 was superior in testing weight ( 63.71 kg / hictoleter ) which was not different from alternative Irrigation method . the interaction between ( V× N150 )gav the highest rate In testing weight ( 72.81 Kg/ hictoleter ) . The interaction between ( I3 × N150 ) gav the highest rate in grain weight ( 503.5 mgm ) testing weight ( 71.63 Kg / hictoleter ) , percentage For protein ( 10.9 % ) . The conclusion for this study was genotype Bohooth 106 gave the highest results in grain quality characters with increasing the level of nitrogen fertilizer under alternative rows irrigation system in this study.