Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

The current study was carried out to investigate some immunohistopathological effects of
bovine bile salts against Salmonella typhimurium. In laboratory animal thirty albino rabbits
of both sex that ages ranged between (10-12) months were divided randomly into three
groups ,the first group immunized orally by 0.5ml (5mg/ml) and the second group
immunized orally with 0.3ml (3mg/ml) of bile salts in zero time after two weeks the same
doses repeated against Salmonella typhimurium, then delayed type hypersensitivity test was
made on these groups and compared with the third group "that had been inoculated with 0.5
ml of sterile PBS as a control group at day 27 post immunization using soluble bile salts. At
day 30 half number of animals from each group were scarified. Then challenge dose by 1ml
of salmonella typhi were injected intraperitoneally (I/P) for the remaining half of all study
groups ,then after three days they scarified. Samples of blood were collected from each group
to ELIZA analysis for determine the level of IgG in serum in order to obtain their tissues for
histopathological .The results showed that marked necrotic lesion, together with blood vessel
congestion accompanied by hyperplasia with hypertrophy goblet cell of intestine and
thickness of splenic capsule due to mononuclear cells (MNCs) infiltration. While the
immunized groups with bile salts revealed presence of granulomatous lesion in liver with
lymphoid hyperplasia and slight megakaryocyte proliferation in spleen. Finally, the results
showed that the bile salts was highly immunogenic against Salmonella typhimurium and its
toxins and this may be related to the fact that the one of component of bile salts deoxy cholic
acid in their structure which has the ability of destroyed effect on salmonella and their toxins
in the rabbits tissues.
Keywords: Salmonella typhimurium, Bile salts, Rabbits, ELISA.

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of oil, water extract and hexane
extract of garlic plant, as well as the use Penicillium croylophilum (Direckx) as bio-control
agent against pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn) causing black scurf disease in potato
under field condition .the pathogenic abiltu test for R. solani on radish seeds conformed high
pathogenictiy with a germination percentage of 2%. The percentage of germination of radish seeds was 99% for the treatment of P. corylophilum and 100% for the control treatment
without pathogenic R.solani. This indicates the high pathogenicity of the pathogenic R.solani
one hand and the non-pathogenic bio – control agent for the plant from the other hand . The
study demonstrated the high antagonistic ability of P. corylophimlum against R. solani in the
double implant technique where the antagonism degree for P. corylophimlum was 1. The oil
and hexane extract of garlic plant at a concentration of 15,000 ppm inhibited of R. solani
pathogen growth in the PSA where the pathogenic percentage was 100% and 81%
respectively. Field experiments demonstrated high efficiency of P. corylophilum garlic oil ,
and hexane extract severally in reducing the percentage of infection and its severity in the
fungal pathogen R. solani which reached 13, 28, 20, 30, 18 and 29%, respectively, which
replected on the tubers weight rate for potato plants reached 510, 390 , and 370 g
respectively, with an increase in tuber weight rate in the treatment of P. corylophilum alone
compared to the control treatment, which reached 643and 600 g respectively.
Keywords: Rhizoctonia solani , Pencillium corylophilum , Allium sativum , Solanum
tuberosum.

The research was conducted in the Horticulture and landscaping Department /Agriculture
College/ university of Baghdad / Jadiriyah in spring season of 2016. It’s aimed to study the
effect of Nitrogen fertilizer in the behavior of the three inbred summer squash.. The Split Plot
Design is used major Design and use RCBD Design to distribution the treatments with three
replications . in this research use three inbred summer squash its code S1, S2 and S3 with the
addition of four levels of Nitrogen fertilizer (Urea) 0.25,50 and 75 kg N/dounm and its code
(N0, N1, N2 and N3). compare the means of the replications by using less significant
difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. The results showed no significant between inbred
summer squash in male and female and sexual ratio of flowers . the level of nitrogen 25 kg
N/dounm increase male flowers to 26.56 male flower. Plant-1 while the the level 75 kg
increase female and sexual ratio of flowers amount to 15.11 female flower. Plant-1 ,0.89 respectively . Also results showed inbred summer squash (S3) increase average of fruits
number and total yield plant . the effects of nitrogen fertilizer the level 75kg increase fruits
number 5.80 ) fruit . plant -1 ) and total yield plant (1.131Kg)
Key word: summer squash ,Inbred ,Nitrogen fertilizer

The research was carried out to test the effect of spore suspension of Isaria
fumosorosea in some biological performance of the Myzus persicae in laboratory. The
results showed significant effect on the percentage of mortality, with rates of 51.8,
58.3 and 69.5% for the nymphs stage, while it recorded 46.9, 52.8 and 61.6% for the
adult stage and for the concentrations 1 × 10 4, 1 × 10 6 and 1 × 10 8 spores / ml
respectnely, compared with 16.7 and 12.3% for nymphs and adults respectively in the
control treatment, The results Showed decrease in adult productivity where it
decreased from 6.67 nymph / female in control treatment to 3.67 nymph / female at 1 ×
10 4 spores / ml. Female productivity in other concentrations was not calculated
because of sufficient number of insects did not reach the adult stage.

This study was conducted in the lath house of Horticulture and Landscape Department
College of Agriculture-Baghdad University to study the effect of Calboron at six levels C0
(control), C0+N (control +N), C1 (1 gm L-1), C2 (2 gm L-1), C3 (3 gm L-1) and C4 (4 gm L-1) and Hascon m10 fertilizer at six levels H0 (control), H0+N (control +N), H1 (1 ml L-1), H2
(2 ml L-1), H3 (3 ml L-1) and H4 (4 ml L-1) on vegetative and flowering growth on Viola
cornuta with RCBD experiment , and plants sprayed until drip point after two months from
planting in 5 times every 15 days between each spread and applied N at 100 mg.L-1 with
three times every 20 days for all treatment except control treatment . Result can summarized
as follow: C3 treatment was surpassed in most characters, increased in dry weight of
vegetative growth and number of branches and leaves increase as 545>83% , 700%,
681.81% respectively compared with control treatment and the quantity of absorbed
elements increased to 0.0403 , 0.834 , 23.91 , 5.42 , 0.182 , mg plant-1 for Mn, K, N, Ca and
B respectively. The fourth level of Calboron C4 (4 gm L-1) increased flower number and the
absorbed quantity of P to 33.5 flower.plant-1 and 0.231mg plant-1 respectively . The plant
respond to the first level of Hascon m10( H1) (1 ml L-1) more than the rest of the treatments
while increase the fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth and the number of branches ,
leaves , flower to 2.14 gm, 0.70 gm , 4 branches , 75 leaves , 27.66 flower plant-1 respectively
and the absorbed elements quantity enhanced to 0.0557, 0.254, 0.546, 15.39, 3.77, 0.196 mg
plant-1 for Mn, P, K, N, Ca and B respectively . The fourth level of Hascon m10 H4(4 ml L
1) increased the flower width to 2.90 cm.
key word : plant nutrition , pansy.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding different levels of
dietary Marjoram (Origanum vulgarae) powder supplementation in some immunological
characteristics and microbial gut of broiler reared for 42 days . Four hundred and fifty one
old day chicks of Ros 308 were randomely divided into five treatments (90 chicks per
treatment) with three replicates (30 chicks per replicate). Chicks were fed on starter and final
rations with 23 and 20 % crude protein and 3027 and 3195.3 Kcal / kg diet respectively, in
addition to the five levels of Marjoram powder 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 % to diet as T1, T2, T3,
T4 and T5 respectively. Results revealed the following :- The T3 group was significantly exhibited higher (P<0.05) follicles Fabricia relative
weight and its index as compared with T1 group . Antibodies level against Newcastle and
gumboro virs was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T5 group was well in comparison with T1
group . Average total E.coli count was significantly low (P<0.05) and Lactobacilli count was
significantly higher (P<0.05) in duodenum for supplemented groups (T2, T3, T4 , T5) as
compared with T1 group.
In conclusion , supplementing different levels of Marjoram (Origanum vulgarae) powder
to highest growth of lactobacilli bacteria in duodenum will highest antibodies levels against
Newcastle and gumboro virs .
Key words:- Marjoram , immunological , microbial gut , broiler.

An experiment was carried out at Horticulture and Forest Station in Mahaweel-Babylon government at the seasons 2015 and 2016, 7 years old. Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Crimson seedless were used. The experiment included three factors the first factor was three levels of algae extract Alga Alzuhoor (0, 5 ml.L-1, 10 ml.L-1) the second factor is three levels of liquid organic fertilizer (Munesh Alzuhoor) (0, 75 ml.L-1, 150 ml.L-1) and the third factor is shortening of growing shoots and non-shortening. A factorial experiment was done in Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. Means were tested by using LSD at 5% probability level.
Results showed that spraying algae extract (Alga Alzuhoor) at the concentration 10 ml.L-1 gave the best growth vegetative traits and leaves minerals content for both seasons 2015 and 2016. However, that treatment had superior yield of 9.482 and 10.033 kg for both seasons respectively. Fertilizing the soil with liquid organic fertilizer (Munesh Alzuhoor) gave significantly higher results for both seasons in growth characteristic leaves minerals content (N, P, K) and carbohydrates in the canes, and maximum yield of (10.566 and 11.097 kg) for both seasons respectively, whereas shortening every 20 days gave the best results, it gave (9.315 and 9.946 kg) yield in both seasons 2015 and 2016 respectively compared with (5.274 and 5.618 kg) for the control treatment in both seasons respectively. The interaction was significant where spraying with algae abstract (10 ml.L-1) with (150 ml.L-1) fertilizer and shortening the branches every 20 days with spraying at concentration of (10 ml.L-1) applied with (150 ml.L-1) fertilizer gave superior effect compared with others. The interaction among the ground fertilizer and foliar application with shortening the branches (A3 + B3 + C2) for both seasons gave the best results in growth characters, leaves N, P, K content, and carbohydrates percentages in the canes, also surpassed interaction in both quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the yields in season 2015 (18.584 kg) the results season in 2016 has fully demonstrated all the results of the previous season.
Keywords: algae extract, ground feeding, shortening of growing shoots, Crimson Seedless

The study includedwas using parial Dihyrid cross between ten genotypes which were (Shuaa,
Boraq , Emal , Samir , Warkaa and Al- khair) with some advanced lines wihch were (JH24, JH21, JH29 and JH7-1). Study of traits, duration from planting till 75% flowering , number
of days planting till maturity , plant height , flag leaf aear , number of tillers/m2, number of
Spikes/m2, fertility ratio , spoike length , number of grains in the sipke , weight of 1000
grains yield and biological yield . Mean squares of the crosses and General and specific
combinig ability were differed significantly at 1% prob . level for all the traits , the ratio
between components of variance of Genral combing ability and componeats of specific
combining ability was less than one for all the traits , the crosses were distinguished in its
perfor mance , for exam ple the cross (shuaa x JH24) in number of tillers and number of
spikes per plant traits (22 and 18) respectively , and the cross (Bouraq x JH24) in singel plant
yield and the cross (Emal x Al-warkaa) in flay leaf aerea and number of sipke grains traits
and the cross (Al-khair x JH29) in duration to 75% flowering and the duration to maturity.
The two crosses (Shuaa x JH10 and shuaa x JH24) in heterosis as deviated on mid and best
parents in eleven traits and the two crosses (El-warkaa x JH29 , JH29 X Al-khair ) in eiqht
traits and the two crosses (Boraq x El-khain and Emal x JH10) in seven traits . Effects of
General Combining ability showed good in desired direction , where the parent (Boraq) was
significant for seven traits (number of spike in the plant , number of tillers , weight of 1000
grains , single plant yield , fertility ratio , flay leaf aerea and biologcal yield) also the parent
(JH29) for seven traits included (number of days from planting to 75% flowering the
duration to the maturity , spike length , number yield and biological yield ) .Dominance
genetic variance values were higher than additive genetic variance values for all the traits
unless weight of 1000 grains and grains yield traits , the mean dgree of dominace was larger
than one for all the traits .Hertability values in broad sense were heigher , and lower in
narrow sense for all the traits .
Key words: DIALLEL CROSSES ,GENERAL COMBINING ABILITY

This Study was conducted by choosing four different purelines according to sensitivity and
resistance from tomato plant for root knot Nematode Meloidogyne caused by Meloidogyne
javanica the(SH-I-7/B , SH-14 A , SH-Sel- 19cat , SH-inb-6) . Six full-dialed and 6
recipracol have been resulted from different crosses scheme. All genotypes (purelines and
hybrids) which contained 16 genotypes have been tested for sensitivity and resistance to root
knot disease.The pureline SH-I-7/B and SH-14 A have shown less sensitivity than
commercial variety (super merimande), while the SH-Sel- 19 cat and SH-inb-6 purelines
have showed more resistance for the same disease, even after 60 days of contaminating their
roots by (J2) with 5000 mature .Kg soil ‘ no root knots were formed. The action of resistance
genes for this disease was controlled by adding gene action and dominant genes' impact seem
to be equally. All known genes which expressed resistance for this disease are high likely to be quantitative genes which means more than one gene could control this trait for this
disease.
Key Words: Root knot nematode , Meloidogyne javanica , Genetic- parameters , tomato
hybrids

A field experiment was conducted at field of one farmers in the province of
Babylon - district of Mahaweel - Bida area 30 km north of Babylon during winter
season of 2014 - 2015. To study response of wheat seeding rate to planting pattern
changing and its impact on grain yield and its components, the experiment was
arranged as a split plot in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three
replicates , Treatment of planting pattern (broadcasting and broadcasting transfer to
furrow) occupied the main plots , while, The seeding rates (80, 120 and 160 kg ha - 1)
were put in the sup - plots . The results showed that planting pattern ( broadcasting
transfer to furrow ) gave increase in the number of spikelet per spike, number of floral
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ISSN 2072-3875
per spike , dry weight of spike (g), number of spikes per square meter, and grain yield
(kg ha-1), 22.09, 61.09, 4.52, 397.44, 34.44 and 6027. 33 respectively. While seeding
rate 120 kg ha-1 gave the highest dry weight of flag leaf (2.03 g), dry weight of the
spike (4.54 g) and grain yield ( 6411.82 kg ha - 1 ). The interaction was significant
between the planting pattern and seeding rates in the number of spike , dry weight of
the spike and length of the spike. Although there was no significant interaction in the
grain yield (kg ha - 1), there was a clear numerical superiority of the combination of
planting pattern (broadcasting transfer to furrow) with seeding rate ( 120 kg ha - 1 ) , in
a grain yield 6630.50 kg ha - 1 .It may be conclude from the research that the best
planting pattern ( broadcasting transfer to furrow) with a seeding
rate of 120 kg ha - 1.
keyword: Wheat , planting pattern , seeding rates , grain yield and its components.

Factorial experiment felid was conducted in Diyala province in Baquba city of during
autumn season 2016, on cucumber plants(Cucumis sativus)var.Gazar in exposed felid. to
study effect two factors: effective Microorganisms (EM) with two levels (with and without),
and spray with three types plant extracts with, Euphrates poplar extract, wild berry extract
and castor oil extract and control spray with distal water, with used Random Complete
Block Design(RCBD) with three replications and every replication include eight
experimental unit. Adding EM showed increased in all studied characters but did not reach to
the level of significant except in potassium absorption character in leaves it was significant
significant(P≤0.05). The treatment of effect of castor oil extract was improve
significant(P≤0.05) in all vegetative characters of Cucumber as well as wild berry fruits extract was improve significant(P≤0.05) in nitrogen absorption character and Euphrates
poplar extract was improve significant(P≤0.05)in per plant yield , number of plant fruit and
the production in the hectare.
Kay words: Cucumber,. Extract plant, bio fertilization

the study aim was to know the effect of carbaryl insecticide on the Biochemical
properties of Carassius auratus gibelio. The current study was done in the lab of Ichthyolegy
college of Veterinary Medicine - Al-Qassim green University for the period between
1/2/2017 and 14/2/2017 on Prussian carp fish , whose weights ranged from 15-20 gm. Fish
were randomly divided into four group, each group contain 10 fish andT1 considered as
control group while the other three group (T2,T3,T4) dosed (2.5,5,7.5)mg/l of carbaryl
insecticide respectively. The results showed significant decrease in the blood glucose level
in all treated compared to control treatment. The Total protein, albumin, and Globulin was
at the highest level in control group compared of other groups showed significant decrease
in all groups compared with control group. while the liver enzyme Aspartate
Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
showed significant increase in dose decremental comparing with control group
Keyward: Carassius auratus. carbaryl insecticide, Biochemical properties.

The experiment was conducted in the Lath house of the Technical College of
Almussiab for the period from March to November 2016 to study the effect of spraying 4
different levels of potassium (Potassium Nitrate) were (0, 5, 10 and 15 gm (K). L-1) and 4
levels of nutritious fertilizer (Aminofert) (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml.L-1) on the growth of local
mandarin. The factorial experiment was designed according to the completely Randomized
Design CRD with three replicates. Means were compared according to the Least Significant
Different test with 5% probability.
Foliar application of K (potassium nitrate) in concertation of (15 gm(k). L-1) gave the
highest averages in all parameters studied of growth (stem height, stem diameter of bud,
number of leaves, leaves area, leaf content of chlorophyll and the Percent of dry matter of the
vegetative and roots system) with an increasing percentage of 54.01, 48.21, 62.84, 235.3,
27.46, 16.36 and 23.39% Respectively compared with control treatment that gave the lowest
averages.
There were significant differences between the levels of Aminofert fertilizer, which
spraying treatment (4 ml. L-1) gave the highest averages in all studied growth parameter of
growth studied above with percentage increase rates of 62.27, 30.26, 40.37, 113.7, 11.44,
20.00 and 19.49% respectively compared with control treatment which gave the lowest
averages. The interaction treatment (15gm(k).L-1+4 ml.L-1) has significantly increased all of
the studied parameters compared with control treatment. While overlap treatment (without
spraying) gave the lowest averages in all characteristics studied.
Keywords: potassium nitrate, Aminofert fertilizer, Mandarin, Citrus

A field experiment was carried out to compare 10 bread wheat cultivars that were induced by
different breeding methods in Babylon province in seasons 2013 and 2014. Randomize
Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used and the results were analyzed as combining
analysis of variance method. The results showed that Al-Iraq wheat cultivar was superior
upon other cultivars in grain yield (Kg.ha-1) and its component and also superior in resistance
to strip rust and brown leaf rust and quality characters. This study indicates that using gamma
radiation has better effect to induce cultivars that have high production, best quality
characters, and resistance to rust diseases.

This study was conducted at the Research Station of the College of Agriculture, University of
Anbar, to evaluate the effects of different manure sources (Poultry manure, Sheep manure
and Cow manure), used as organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer (Urea 46%N) on the
growth , contents of chlorophyll, carbohydrate and nutrients of maize plants (Zea mays L.).
Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three
replications having five treatments: control (without any fertilizer), sheep manure (SM): 32
ton ha-1, cow manure (CM): 32 ton ha-1 and poultry manure (PM): 18 t ha-1 and chemical
fertilizer (CF) 300 kg N ha-1. Poultry manure showed significantly higher values of all
recorded parameters followed by sheep manure, whereas cow manure showed little or
insignificant differences, compared with CF. Poultry manure exceeded CF in almost all
recorded parameters of growth (plant height, number of leaves, leaf surface area, and
biomass production) and the content of chlorophyll, carbohydrate and nutrients N, P and K
concentrations in maize leaves. The advantages in using animal manure were ascribed to
more availability and uptake of nutrients throughout the growing season, improved soil
organic matter and other soil properties favoring biomass production rather than CF
application. The study showed that poultry manure was the best alternate source to urea
fertilizer for growth and development of maize plants at the rate of 18 t ha-1under the
conditions of this experiment.
Keywords: Maize, Animal manures, Urea, growth, chlorophyll, carbohydrate, mineral
nutrients

The qualitative and quantitative variations of the rotifera community was studied monthly
for a period from October 2015 to September 2016 at three selected stations in eastern
Euphrates drainage canal in the Al-- Qadisiyhia (Diwaniya) province. The results of
this study were recorded 28 species of rotifera and seven of them were reported as dominant
species over other species in study stations including a Monostyla closterocerca, Polyarthra
dolicoptera, Brachionus calyciflorus (Long .splne), Euchlanis delatata, Keratella
cochlearis,Notholca acuminate and,Rotaria citrinus . In the present study a number of genus
appeared in more than one species such as genus Keratella in 4 species and genus Brachionus
in 3 species and each of Euchlanis and Monostyla appeared in 2 species only .
The results showed that the highest monthly density was recorded in the station 1, which
amounted to 2925 individuals / m3 in September 2016 and less density at the station 2 and
reached 375 individuals / m 3 in July 2016
Key words: Rotifera ,Eastern Euphrates, Qadisiyha province

This study was conducted at the Poultry Farm in the Department of Animal Production -
College of Agriculture - AL-Qasim Green University to study the effect of adding different
levels of olive leaves (Oleaeuropea L.) powder to the ration in some blood parameters of
broiler Ross 308 for the period from 14/3/2015 to 18/4/2015. 120 broiler chicks Ross 308
one day-old were used in this study and randomly assigned into four treatments (by 3
replicates per treatment and 10 chicks per replicate), and the treatments were as follows: First
Treatment (control) without adding olive leaves powder into the ration; olive leaves powder
was added by 500 mg / kg feed in the second treatment; olive leaves powder was added by
750 mg / kg feed in the third treatment; and for treatment four, olive leaves powder was
added by 1000 mg / kg feed. The experiment included a study of the following characteristics: Red blood cell counts (RBC), hematocrit (PCV), and hemoglobin
concentration (Hb). The results showed significant increase (p <0.05) in the number of red
blood cells (RBC), packed cell vellum (PCV), and hemoglobin (Hb) in the olive leaves
powder treatments compared to control treatment.
keywords :olive leaves powder , blood parameters , broiler.

Two experiments were applied in accordance with completely randomized design (CRD)
with five replicates, to determine the effect of saline and magnetization water on seedling
growth of two wheat genotypes (Hashimia and Tammoze 3) and two rice genotypes (Jasmine
and Amber 33). After washing the grain with running water , sterilized, then washed with
sterile distilled water, planted in Petri dishes (10 grains in each dish). Seven days after
germination , they were treated with 4 treatments with normal or magnetized of river and
saline (1.5% NaCl) water. The intensity of magnetization was 1000 gauss with fast flow of
100 ml.second-1. One month after germination, the data were calculated. The results showed
that irrigation with magnetic river water led to increase fresh and dry weight and the relative
growth rate , while it caused a reduction in the effectiveness of APX and CAT enzymes in
seedlings of wheat and rice. Irrigation with salted water caused a significant reduction in
fresh and dry weight , and the relative growth rate ,while it led to increase the effectiveness
of APX and CAT enzymes in wheat and rice seedlings. Irrigation with magnetized salt water
led to increase dry weight and the relative growth rate of both crop seedlings compared to
irrigation with salt water, while it led to reduce the effectiveness of APX and CAT enzymes.
Keywords: wheat, rice, river water, saline water , magnetized water

Two pot experiment Were Carried out during spring and fall growing seasons, at the
Department of Agriculture and Landscape, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbela.
Spring experiment started on 10th March,2016 whereas fall experiment started on 6th
September ,2016 in order to study the effect of genotype, ethephon, boron and there
interaction on morphological traits of summer squash plant.
Completely Randomized Design was adopted as a factorial experiment i.e. 2×4×2 for
genotype ethephon and boron respectively with 3 replicates genotypes and summer squash
were local Mullah Ahmed and hybrid. Ethephon concentrations were 0, 50,100 and
150 mg.l-1. Boron concentrations were 0 and 30 mg.l–l. Ethephon was sprayed of 4-5 leaf
stage corresponding to 25/4/2016 and 5/10/2016 for spring and fall growing seasons
respectively. Boron was sprayed at 6-8 leaf stage coincided with 2/5/2016 and 12/10/2016
for spring and fall seasons respectively. The experiments were ended on 3/7/2016 and on
3/12/2016 for spring and fall season respectively. Stem length, leaves number , leaf area and
vegetative dry weight were measured. Data were subject to the statistical analysis and means
were compared by using least significant difference test at 0.05 probability level. Result
could be summarized as follow:
Genotype local achieved higher values of stem length and leaves no. in both growing
seasons, leaf area and shoots dry weight during fall season only. On the other hand, the
hybrid gave higher values of leaf area and shoots dry weight during spring season. Ethephon
treatment with 150 mg.l-1 gave higher values of leaves no. Leaf area and shoots dry weight
during both growing seasons. Whereas, the highest values of stem length was taken from the
control treatment in both seasons.
Thirty mg.l-1 boron gave higher values of leaves no, leaf area and shoot dry weight
during both growing season. Mean while stem length was higher in the control treatment in
both season. The interaction between genotype and ethephon showed a significant effect on
leaves no. during fall season and leaf area during spring season. Genotype and boron
interaction had a profound effect on the stem length and leaves no.in both seasons; leaf area
in fall season and shoot dry weight during spring season. The interaction between ethephon
and boron affected leaves no., and leaf area during both. growing seasons. A part from one
case i.e. stem length during fall season, leaves no., leaf area and shoot dry weight were
significantly affected by the interaction between genotype, ethephon and boron.

Sixteen of Awassi sheeps and twenty two of local goats belong to the Department of
Animal Production/ College of Agriculture/ University of Al-Qadisiyah have been used in
this study during birth season of the year 2013-2014 till weaning in which the effect of dam
age, its born sex, type of birth and measurement period on the level of blood and
biochemical parameters and their relation with partial and total milk production during
lactation.
The overall mean of daily and total milk production is 499.968 g and 45 kg in the sheep
and 540.563 g and 48.654 kg in the goats during lactation period of 90 days respectively, the
statistical analysis does not show significant differences between them.
The overall mean of the hemoglobin and the paced cell volume is 9.118 g/100 ml and
29.188% in the sheep and 7.881 g/100 ml and 24.348% in the goats respectively, sheep
have surpassed the goats significantly ( P<0.01) .
The overall mean of the protein , sugar and cholesterol is 6.082 g / 100 ml , 26.802 and
87.527 mg / 100 ml in the sheep and 6.253 g/ 100 ml , 25.706 and 95.057 mg / 100 ml in the
goats respectively , in which goats have surpassed the sheep significantly ( P<0.01) in
cholesterol only .
The overall mean of aminotransferase enzymes AST and ALT has reached 148.562 and
26.919 IU/L in the sheep and 147.121 and 21.560 IU/L in the goats respectively, in which
sheep have surpassed goats significantly ( P<0.01) in ALT only. Significant influence of the
studied factors vary on these parameters.
The relationship type between these parameters and the partial and total milk
production during the measurement periods through correlation coefficients has also been
identified , as well as determining the best prediction equations of partial and total milk
production through these parameters .
Key words : BLOOD AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS , MILK PRODUCTION ,
SHEEP , GOATS

The experiment was carried out in a private field at Duhok government , Sumail
district , Sartank village, to study the effect of planting date (10/8 and 31/8) and Humic acid
(0 , 25, 50 ml-l) on the flowering growth and N, P and K concetration of three summer squash cultivars ( Alexandria F1, Khatoon F1 and Ardendo 174 F1) .The experiment was
arranged in the field in a factorial experiment split –split –plots in Randomizal Complete
Block Design(RCBD) with three replicats . The studied were ,number of leaves per plant ,
the total leaves aria plant-1 , cholorophyll content , number of male and female flowers , sex
ratio, the concentration of N, P and K and the concentration of protein. The main result
could be summarized as following the planting date 10 / 8 was superior in all of the studied
parameters .The cultivar Ardendo 174 F1 was superior in the female and male flowers plant-1
, a less ratio in sex ratio , the spraying of 50 ml-l of humic acid gave a highest K
concentration , the interaction between the planting date at 10/ 8 with Ardendo 174 F1
cultivar gave a significant increase in some parameters expect for the number of leaves per
plant and concentration of P and K . The interaction between the planting date 10 / 8 with
the 50 ml -l of humic acid was a superior in the parameters of number of leaves per plant ,
total area of leaves plant-1 and chlorophyll content . The interaction between 25 ml -l of
humic acid with the Khatoon Fi cultivar was superior in the total area of leaves plant-1 , the
number of female flowers plant-1 and a increas in the N, P and K concentration . The triple
interaction treatment among the factors , 10 /8 , 50 ml-l of humic acid with Ardendo 174 F1
gave a significant effect on the number of leaves per plant , and chlorophyll content , the
interaction among planting date 10/ 8 , 25 ml-l of humic acid with Khatoon F1 cultivar gave a
highest number of female flowers and K concentration
Key words : plant date , Humic acid , cultivars , summer squash , element .

The experiment was conducted at the plant tissue culture lab of the College of Agriculture,
University of Baghdad, from September, 2015 to September, 2016 to study the effect of
some culture media components on the production of two cultivars of potato microtubers in
vitro. Explants (vegetative buds excised from two cultivars of potato, Burren and Riviera)
were surface sterilized with sodium hypochlorite at 1.5% and cultured on basal MS to obtain
plantlets. Plantlets were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA and GA3 at 0.5 and
0.4 mg.l-1 respectively for shoot proliferation. Shoots were divided into 2-3 node-long cutting
and cultured on MS medium to promote the formation of microtubers Shoots were cultured on MS medium supplemented with four concentrations of Kinetin (0, 1, 3, and 6 mg.l-1) in
combination with KNO3 at 0.5X, 1.0X, 1.5X, 2X ) of the recommended concentration of
KNO3 in MS medium to increase the number and diameter of microtubers. Results showed
that Riviera cultivar cultured on MS medium supplemented with Kin at 6 mg.l-1 and KNO3
at 1.5X significantly increased the number of microtubers to 4.30 microtuber.plant-1, tuber
diameter to 8.70 mm, fresh weight to 0.40 g , dry weight percentage to 29.99%, and starch
percentage to 22.72% while Riviera cultivar cultured on MS medium supplemented with two
concentrations of Kin at 0 and 1 mg.l-1 and KNO3 at 2 X gave the most significant
potassium percentage of 2.64%.
Keyword: Microtuber formation , Solanum tuberosum L .,Kinetin

Supply is important because it links the quantities of goods produced with the
corresponding prices the purpose of the research to estimate the function of barley supply in
Iraq for the period 1990-2014. The function was estimated using the Evewis program. The
production of barley was a variable and independent variables included mechanization , the
amount of fertilizer, the cultivated area, the water, the price of the crop by the use of the OLS
method. The linear formula is the most suitable function to pass the statistical and standard
tests, and the barley width is increased by 0.79 as the mechanization increased by one unit,
while the amount of barley increased by 0.14 as fertilizers increased by one unit. The
research concluded that the supply of barley depends on the determinants of the most
important prices, but there are other factors that help increase the supply of the crop,
including the development of livestock.
Keywords: supply function , Barley Crop .

Field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Division belonging to the new University
of Kufa site during the agricultural season 2015-2016, for the period from 27/10/2015 until
03/08/2016 to study the effect of salt water in the air-conditioned magnetically growth and
flowers freesia bulbs Freesia hybrida, used a randomized complete design sectors
randomized Complete Block Design in the experience of the breakaway panels split plots by
two factors first factor is the main (main plot) includes four types of water are (ordinary
water, water conditioned magnetically, water wells, water conditioned well magnetically) the
second factor is secondary (Sub plot) a a bulbs adapted strongly magnetically 1500 gauss for
15 minutes and bulbs is air-conditioned and compared to the averages by testing less
significant difference LSD at the possibility of 0:05 and gave the plants freesia irrigated
conditioned magnetically and cultivated Babesal unusual highest values in the recipe plant height where gave 45.03 cm recipe leaf area gave 27.73 cm 2 while outperformed plants
irrigated with water well and cultivated Babesal conditioned the highest values in the recipe
later flowering valued at 126.43 on prescription Qatar rate Venus worth 5.067 mm has
excelled plants irrigated with water wells conditioned magnetically and cultivated Babesal
conditioned magnetically in the prescription rate ratio of phosphorus amounted to 0.40
mg.kg-1, while outperforming plants irrigated with water wells and cultivated in a normal
Babesal prescription rate of calcium open field where he gave amounted to 75.47 mg.kg-1
.Keywords: freesia bulbs, Water air conditioned magnetically , Magnetization bulbs, water
wells.

A biological experiment was conducted in one of the national research center (Cairo),
Egypt, to study the capability of Fusarium oxysporumto produce Nanoparticle of silver .The
characterization and identification of the properties of silver nanoparticles were developed by
spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy and the results indicated that one peak
developed at 400 nm. The size of the produced particles was ranged between 10 -20 nm and the
shape was spherical. The optimum conditions for producing of silver nanoparticles were 5 and 6
pH values at 3 days of fungal growth period. The antimicrobial activity was investigated in this
study and the results indicated that these particles had activity against the tested pathogensincluding bacteria, yeasts, and fungi where this qualifies these particles to be efficiently used in
treating sewage water or even anti pathogen such as Escherichia coli.
Key words: Biosynthesis , silver nanoparticles ,pathogens, nanotechnology , Fusarium
Oxisporum

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of adding different levels of Amla fruit
powder to the ration on the some Physiological characteristics,Biochemical Parameters and
antioxidant statutes of broiler blood. Used in this study 120 ذ broiler chick ( Ross308). The
chicks were distributed on four treatments (30 chicks per treatment) divided on three replicates
(10 chicks per replicate).the treatment stages as follows: Control group(T1) free from any
addition whereas T2,T3and T4 has added Amla fruit powder at levels 1, 2 and 3 g / kg of feed from the age of 7-42 day. The results showed a significant increase (p <0.05) in the total number
of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) , packed cell vellum PCV and the number of white
blood cells WBC, in the Amla treatments with no significant differences in both Mean
Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular
Hemoglobin Concentration MCHC. Biochemical Parameters of blood did not show significant
differences in each of total protein , albumin and globuline concentration. Whereas significant
decrease found in the level of Triglycerides and cholesterol in Amla treatments compared to the
control group , liver,s enzymes GOT has recorded significant decrease in all Amla treatments.
For the anti-oxidant statute the Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was significantly decreased in
all Amla treatments, and the Glutathione (GSH) levels was significantly improved when
addition Amla to the ration.
Keywords: Amla fruit , albumin , globulin , hemoglobin.