Iraqi Journal of Humanitarian, Social and Scientific Research

Conclusion: The scholar Al-Nubakhti talked about many Islamic sects that appeared in different periods of Islamic history. He was one of these Ghailan sects, so he mentioned about them (it is a sect attributed to Ghaylan bin Muslim al-Dimashqi Abu Marwan, and they are the Murji’a of the people of Levant. Ghaylan studied under the hand of Hassan bin Muhammad bin al-Hanafiya in Al-Madinah and studied jurisprudence at the hands of Al-Hassan Al-Basri in Basra. Several narrations were mentioned in the description of the Jahmiyyah, including what Al-Shahristani said (Ghailan used to say by destiny, the good and the bad of the servant, and in the residence that it is valid without a desire, and everyone who was standing by the Book and the Sunnah was deserving of it, and that it is not proven except by the consensus of the nation These opinions agreed with the opinions of the Nawbakhti in describing this sect and its opinions. And that Ghaylan al-Dimashqi spoke of the Qadariyyah, so it was known as the Qadariyyah nations as well.

The decline in the scientific level of students, especially in recent years, is a problem experienced by the educational institution. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the factors affecting this decline and because of the many factors affecting this decline, we used factor analysis in an attempt to reduce these factors and reduce them in the least number to reduce complexity whenever possible . To completion of the picture we studied this decline from the point of view of lecturers and students .One of the most important conclusions reached lack of a suitable atmosphere for study in the home - overcrowded students lead to low student achievement - lack of development of teaching staff from the throwing them in the sessions and workshops outside the country to increase their efficiency.

The books of men, especially Imami Shiites, included many scholars and jurists from the companions of Imam Ali al-Hadi (peace be upon him), which deserve research, study, and shed light on them, to highlight such personalities who served the Imamate doctrine through their works, among them Muhammad bin Uruma Abu Jaafar al-Qummi, who was accused of exaggeration. And he is innocent of that, according to the testimony of Imam Ali al-Hadi (peace be upon him) himself, and he was mentioned in the books of Shiite scholars and companions of Sunni men, so the researcher had to introduce him to a study dealing with Muhammad bin Uruma, who lived with several imams, narrated from them, and classified in the thought of Ahl al-Bayt. Therefore, it was this research that uncovered this personality, with a statement of his biography and the opinions of the two difference in it.

Background: The two endocrines dysfunction: thyroid problem and diabetes complication has gained great attention for endocrinologist. These two endocrines are a common metabolic clutter, and critical cause of dismalness and health threats worldwide. Patients with diabetes have the next predominance of thyroid disarranges when compared with common population. Several studies make attention that altering thyroid function complicates the management of diabetes and associated consequences.
Aim of research: The objective of the current research was to discovery the predominance of thyroid problem (dysfunction) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and correlated with high risk of type2 diabetes. Materials Methods and subjects: Across sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 at the center which is specialized for endocrinology and Diabetes. 220 patients diagnostic with Type 2 DM or recently detected cases were included and compared with 60 apparently healthy groups in this work.
All the patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by examines thyroid hormones "triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)". These parameters were analyzed by Electrochemiluminescent assay (ECLassay).The advantages of this system include high sensitivity, large dynamic range, non-toxic , stable conjugate 12 month and precisely controlled. The relationship of predominance of thyroid clutter with sex male/female distribution, age (30>70) distribution, hemoglobin A1C, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, body mass index(BMI), usage of oral antiglycemic agents and insulin, and thyroxin for hypothyroid and Neomecazol for hyperthyroid patients. The interpretations were taken and measurably analyzed.
Results: The patients in this study range in age from 30 to 70 years old. Thyroid indicators were abnormal in 26.35 percent of Type 2 DM patients in our study. Hypothyroidism was the most common condition (19.54 percent), followed by hyperthyroidism (6.8%), with 162 euthyroid patients. Thyroid abnormalities were found to be more common in females (19.44 percent) than in males (6.86 percent), with a significant Pvalue <0.05. The results of this investigation revealed a significant relationship between hypothyroid parameters and BMI, with a pvalue of 0.05. In T2DM compared to control groups, there was no significant association between thyroid hormones and diabetes duration (Pvalue >0.05)
.Conclusion: Thyroid disorder has a higher predominance and can occur in type 2 diabetic patients, implying that people with type 2 diabetes should have their thyroid function evaluated on a regular basis.

The research aims to know the level of possession of teaching staff in Iraqi higher education for teaching patterns and their attitudes towards the use of modern education technology. To achieve this, the researcher chose the descriptive approach for its suitability to the current study, as the researcher built two tools, the first is a questionnaire consisting of four domains to measure the level of teaching staff's ownership of teaching styles, and the second is a questionnaire consisting of (24) items to know their attitudes towards the use of modern education technology. The research sample consisted of (64), male and female teachers - the College of Basic Education for the academic year (2022-2023), and one of the most important results reached by the research is that most of the teaching staff have teaching patterns and their parents have knowledge of the types of teaching patterns, and the results of the second tool showed that there is The tendency of most teachers towards the use of modern education technology. In the light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended the importance of conducting studies and educational programs for teaching patterns and linking them to modern educational technology for the different educational stages.

This research deals with a study (measuring superstitious thinking among university students (according to the educational level of parents (educated - uneducated)) and aims to identify the measurement of the level of superstitious thinking among students of the College of Education for Girls. As well as identifying statistically significant differences in superstitious thinking among the research sample on According to the educational level of the parents (educated - not educated). The research sample consisted of (70) students who were chosen in a stratified random manner from among the students of the College of Education for Girls / University of Al-Qadisiyah. And its stability, the scale was applied to the research sample, and the results showed that the research sample possesses a high level of superstitious thinking. There are statistically significant differences in the level of superstitious thinking among female students according to the educational level of parents (educated - and uneducated) in favor of uneducated parents.

It aims current research to identify the level of loss of meaning in life and the level of burnout among university students, as well as recognize the significance of differences on according to type (Zkor- female), as well as detect correlation between the two variables, in order to check it has the researcher to build the loss measure meaning in life as the number of paragraphs was finalized (30) items, and adopted a burnout prepared by the scale (Maslak 1996) as the number of paragraphs was finalized (22) items, has been confirmed _khasaisma Alsekoumtrah was applied instruments on a sample of (175 ) students were randomly selected from the three faculties at the University of Mustansiriya, namely, (Faculty of Science and Faculty of Arts and Faculty of Education), for the academic year 2022-2023 and the research showed the following results:
1. The research sample of university students do not have a sense of loss of meaning in life.
2. There were no statistically significant differences between (male and female) in the loss of meaning in life.
3. The research sample of university students have a burning myself.
4. There are significant differences between (male and female) in the burnout in favor of males.
5. The results of the statistical analysis there are no significant correlation between the loss of meaning in life and psychological combustion depending on the sample as a whole.

This study examines the twenty-first-century skills of primary school history teachers. A descriptive research approach was used to achieve the study's objectives, and the primary research sample consisted of 250 male and female teachers from a research community. consequences.Primary school history teachers possess twenty-first-century skills, according to the results. There was no difference between men and women in the results.Teachers of history at the primary level should have twenty-first-century skills.

The study deals with analyzing the types of speech act in the Little Women by Louisa May Alcott, which is a novel of four sisters living with their mother in a simple poor home. The aim of this study is to identify the types of illocutionary acts that produced by the characters in the Little Women by Louisa May Alcott based on Searle’s speech act classification. They are representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative.

The current study aimed to find out (disclosure of self-love among middle school students). The study population consists of (3005) middle school students, and the research sample consisted of 60 students from schools affiliated to Hamzah district for the academic year 2021-2022 and for morning studies. The current research is to identify: the concept of self-love among middle school students. As well as identifying the self-concept of middle school students according to the specialization variable (scientific - literary). The sample and the absence of statistically significant differences in the research sample according to the variable of specialization (scientific – literary(.

The current research aims mainly to reveal the role of typographic design and multimedia in developing the logo design for satellite channels. A visual identity for the channel, and the typographic design has an important role in developing the satellite channel logo design process, as it helps the designer achieve formal and color compatibility between the elements, thus contributing to the formal organization of the internal logo elements. Multimedia also plays an important role in the process of developing the satellite channel logo design, as it works To add aesthetics, attractiveness, skill and interaction in logo design, as the importance of the role played by multimedia in the process of designing the logo of satellite channels is due to the many technological capabilities that multimedia possesses through the use of its basic elements of text, audio, image, graphics and video when produced in the media to be influential in the receiver.

The objective of the formulation of this study, It shows the fact that the researcher and critic link his literary and artistic anthology to aspects of traditional life, myths and customs of groups, Once they are unable to interpret a literary text, While the subject of this study comes in highlighting the extent to which literary genres benefit from folklore and research on religious beliefs such as hymns and magic talismans, Or oral arts such as folk song and religious praise, performance such as folk dances, or expressive such as tattoos, plastic and craft arts, or visual arts, performing arts, and others, Thus, we look for a way to taste it and present it at the level that befits it, This research appears with its innate dramatic and spontaneous content, And its artistic template that conveys the thought of nations from generation to generation, and the culmination of human experiences and knowledge, and his feelings, And his feelings expressed by the idea of lexical harmony between races and arts

This research deals with the idea of silence literature according to Ihab Habib Hassan (1925-2015). Silence literature for him is a metaphor for an expression of a language that embodies the tensions of modern man. The literature of silence is not a harbinger of the death of the soul. Silence literature (a type of literature) is a concept he borrowed to explain modernity and postmodernity. Silence literature was part of the culture in the nineteenth century, and in the twentieth century it became an essential element in art visions. Hassan was interested in philosophy through the theory of knowledge, as silence does not mean the absence of meaning, but rather it is a positive phenomenon. Combining them generates a new type of new realistic belief.

The study aims at revealing the effectiveness of using mixed mode learning strategy on the third intermediate school students by testing the following hypothesis:
There is no statistical significant difference at 0.05 between score means of the test group who were exposed to the mixed mode teaching and the control group who were exposed to the regular one mode teaching in the subject of physics.
The study were limited to the third intermediate school students affiliated to Diwaniyah Directorate of Education during the first term of the academic year 2021-2022. The test was conducted on the students of Al-jazaer intermediate school for boys. The sample size is 67 students in total. 35 of whom constitutes the control group compared to 32 students who are in the test group. The study considered the variables under question. The researcher set 28 teaching plans using mixed mode teaching strategy. The test included valid and reliable 40 items to verify the outcomes. The test lasted for 14 weeks; three classes to each group, the test and the control group. After performing statistical tests, it was found that students with mixed mode teaching got higher scores in physics subject than the scores of the one mode teaching.

The study aimed to identify the rigidity and compatibility of teachers of physical activity, and whether the teachers enjoy solidity and stop being able to bear the burden of the educational process and interaction with the youth category. physical at Al-Mustansiriya University, and after researching in Arabic sources, dissertations, master's and doctoral dissertations, the researcher derived the Cobaz psychological hardness scale translated by (Mukhaimer) and the psychological compatibility scale prepared by the researcher Ali Kazem. The existence of a high degree of hardness and compatibility among the sample of the research, and the results of the statistics showed that women have a greater degree of hardness and psychological compatibility, so the researchers recommend the necessity of researching the psychological variables and paying attention to the psychological aspect.

The Church has played an important role in making American foreign policy at various stages since the founding of the United States, as it bestowed “sacred qualities” on the lifestyle and politics, considering that Americans are the “chosen people of God” who carry the message of peace and democracy and are charged with spreading it in the world. “Christianity is the new mission It is based on the overlap between God and the American system representing religion, and this means that the dualism of religion - politics has ruled the United States throughout its history, and this appears from the influence of religion on the behavior of voters and their choice of candidates who are more loyal and an expression of this fact.

In our time, the phenomenon of divorce and separation has increased, and that this poses a great danger to society because divorce and separation lead to the disintegration of families and thus the disintegration of society, as there are subjective factors that lead to an increase in the phenomenon of divorce, so I will divide this research into two axes, the first axis is the concept of separation The judicial separation based on harm. The second axis is the conditions for judicial separation based on harm and its legal effects.

The importance of the subject emerges through the study of judicial oversight over the work of the executive authority, and this role granted to the judiciary expands with the discretionary power granted to the administration, so that judicial oversight is legitimate oversight in the sense that all acts issued by the public administration are completely subject to the law, and narrow with the restricted power granted to the administration Thus, judicial oversight over the work of the public administration is appropriate.As for the theory of role of law, it is considered a departure from the principle of the rule of law (the principle of legality), which allows the administration to act outside the control of the judiciary, and perhaps this theory is one of the most important theories invented by French jurisprudence.

The current research aims to know the impact of the global café strategy on the achievement and motivation towards the social subject among the first intermediate students, and the sample consisted of (60) students, and (30) students were distributed to each group for the experimental and control groups. (The history of the emergence of ancient civilizations, the civilization of Mesopotamia, the civilization of the Nile Valley) for the subject of sociology, the researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control for the purpose of the experiment, and the researcher prepared two research tools:
1) An achievement test of the multiple-choice type, consisting of (30) objective items, according to the table of specifications, and its validity and reliability were confirmed.
2) The measure of motivation towards the subject is finally composed of (22) items, and its validity and reliability have been verified.
The data was treated statistically and included statistical means ((arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test)) and after processing the data, the following research results resulted:
1) There is a statistically significant difference between ((the global café strategy)) and the ((traditional group)) in the achievement variable in favor of the experimental group.
2) There is a statistically significant difference between ((the global café strategy)) and the ((traditional group)) in the variable of motivation towards matter in favor of the experimental group.
In light of the findings, the researcher recommends the following:
The researcher recommended the need to familiarize teachers of social studies with ((the global café strategy)) and to move away from the methods of indoctrination and imposing ideas to help them reach information on their own, and as a complement to the aspects of the current research, she suggested conducting a number of studies aimed at knowing ((the global café strategy)) in other variables and stages of study .

The current research aims to: 1- To identify job anxiety among university professors.
2- Identifying job anxiety among university professors by gender (male - female).
3- Recognizing the effectiveness of the teaching performance of university professors.
4- Recognizing the effectiveness of teaching performance according to academic degrees (PhD, MA).
5- The correlation between job anxiety and the effectiveness of teaching performance among university professors.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher used the analytical descriptive approach, as the research community consisted of all faculty members at Sumer University for the academic year (2022-2023), and the research sample reached (100) male and female teachers, with (55) male teachers, and (45) ) of females, and the researcher designed a questionnaire to measure the level of job anxiety among university professors. It consisted of (30) items distributed over four areas: (relationship with superiors, relationship with colleagues, relationship with students, work environment), And a questionnaire to measure the effectiveness of their teaching performance consisted of (22) items distributed over three areas (lecture planning, implementation, and evaluation), and after the researcher used the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) to process the data statistically. The results revealed that there is a correlation between the level of job anxiety and the effectiveness of the teaching performance of the university professor, and a number of recommendations and proposals were presented in the light of the final results of the research.

This research aimed to the effectiveness of skill formal thinking of physics among scientific fifth-class students, the community contained scientific fifth-class students in Qadisiyah government for the academic year 2019-2020, research sample consist of (85) students, randomly selected from eight schools, The search tool is the test , consisted of (25) by items , The researcher insure validity and reliability of tool, researchers concludes many results .

Human societies based on pluralism and cultural diversity are due to the divergence and diversity of the basic backgrounds of this diversity, and they can be dealt with consciously when contradiction turns into integration, collision into coexistence, and fanaticism into tolerance. Diversity, multiplicity, and difference in the universe is a tangible reality, and there is divine wisdom in this diversity, so God created man as a creature different from other creatures that carries some characteristics and excels over them with reason. These characteristics made humans differ in their moods, interests, aspirations, and ideas, hence the diversity and cultural difference in society It is based on diversity under one state, and Iraq is a country of religious, sectarian and ethnic diversity. This phenomenon was not unique to Iraq, rather it is as old as Iraq. Each component of the Iraqi people has its own intellectual, political, heritage and linguistic history. Muslims are not foreign to Iraq, nor are Christians. Nor other boredom and bees. Likewise, the Arabs of Iraq were not strangers to the Iraqi body, nor were its Kurds, nor left it, nor any of the nationalities that participated in its formation. It depends on providing these two essential principles, i.e. freedom on the one hand, and justice on the other hand, provided that we understand that freedom here is not the freedom of an individual, nor is social justice here the half of this and that of the sons of Iraq from the wealth of Iraq, but rather the freedom of a greater existence, the freedom of components, Ethnic, religious and sectarian components, related to the cultural, spiritual, religious, heritage and linguistic composition of these components, as Iraq turns into a seemingly diverse mosaic, all nationalities, all religions and all sects exercise their rights freely, with guaranteed freedom and self-confidence, just as justice here sometimes requires fairness to a sect or An entire religion or nationality, because unfortunately there is sectarian and national injustice. How can peaceful coexistence and social peace be achieved in a society with multiple religions, diverse cultures, and diversified ideas? This is what I will try to answer in this study.

The plastic and cinematic artistic image is considered one of the most influential visual means that penetrates all divides and in its various forms and expressions. It established a visual language that affects us as viewers and is affected by what is around it, so that at times it becomes the image of power and its mirror, and at other times the image is our authority in the sense that it is our window on the world and the world’s window on us. And it represents our inner experience that influences and is represented as a revealer of reality, and everything that was hidden becomes apparent, and for this reason they consider it one of the most dangerous and most effective means. It multiplied without forgetting that it stripped us.” In the sense that the artistic image historically is like a mirror of peoples and a mirror of power that reflects human life and issues in all its details and details. Therefore, power invested it and the artist invested it to create an image that presents itself as an evocation of a certain reality, or an image of power in its various forms and types, whether it is Religious, political and social authority, or the artistic image is the authority and serves as the conscious person who presents himself as a revolutionary who helps peoples to liberate themselves from all forms of restrictions and oppression. Strange and marginalization is an image that formulated its authority over the recipient to educate him and enlighten his insight. The image, in its various expressions, has always been between two positions, presenting itself either as an image of the authority to polish it and impose its ideas, or as the image presents itself as a visual artistic authority that urges people to the need for revolution and rebellion against all forms of injustice, whether social, political or psychological, which means that the artistic image is always and never as an influencer and The affected problem prompts us to ask the following questions:
What is the relationship of the artistic image to power? Was the role of the artistic image confined to documenting the practices of the authority, or did it transcend it to become the authority?
- How did the artistic image present itself and how did it establish its authority? If the artistic image was an image of authority, to what extent did it succeed in establishing its authority?
And other questions that come to mind, which we will try to answer in this study.

Caring for female students is one of the important things that must be taken into account and given priority by providing them with experiences and providing them with knowledge that enables them to pave their way of life in the right and correct way, and to make them important energies in society capable of leading in all aspects of life. While the most important goals were to build a measure of psychological fluency for students of the College of Education for Girls - Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, the problem was raised through the following question: What is the reality of psychological fluency for students of the College of Education for Girls - Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences? (119) students, while the number of paragraphs was (12) paragraphs, and the most important conclusions were that the students had good psychological fluency, while the most important recommendations were paying attention to the psychological fluency of the students because of its great positive role in his life.

This study analyses the teaching of public administration and the views of Delta State Public Administrators about Public Administration education and training in Delta State University, Abraka. The study adopted cross-sectional research design and the field research was conducted in Delta State. The data for this study was collected through a survey administered personally by the authors of the study in Delta State in summer of 2022. 250 questionnaires were administered to senior public administrators in the state and local governments. Out of 250 questionnaires administered only 173 responses were received given us a 69.2% of response rate; the data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0. The study showed among others that Delta State’s public administrators have fairly good educational qualifications and background, majority of those interviewed was not trained public administrators. Thus, a lot of Delta State’s public managers do work in areas that they were not trained for. This explains while they are not motivated, unproductive and highly insufficient. This deficiency breeds corruption in the civil service. The study concludes that in order for Delta State to transform it present public bureaucracy into an inward-looking and possibly self-serving organisation, it is very essential that each and every management functions is redefined with the staff orientation in perspective. There is future need for performance high standards, competitive salaries and sustained opportunities for training and the retraining of public servants as well a strong commitment by the government to conduct research in critical issues concerning public administration and the citizens of Delta State in general. Thus, the study recommends among others that Delta State government should provide staff development and performance standards that emphasize courteous treatment and involving recipients in case planning are important first steps.

Bow and arrow has a peculiarity from the types of the sports as the game needs high physical and psychological skills and abilities. Since sports training is always looking for ways to help players achieve the best results, the researcher tried to reach ideas to develop the players' physical skills, so the problem of searching to reach the best carpenter at the level of the Arabs was focused on not focusing on the use of old and duplicated means and exercises that do not send the spirit of renewal and meaning traditional training patterns Using rubber ropes as a new method, players can use rubber ropes to strengthen the muscles of the arms. Despite the development in the levels of the players of the national bow and arrow team, they did not reach. To the extent commensurate with the size of the challenges in the external championships, the importance of searching for new means in the training units came to change the routine of the units that the players are used to and stimulate the muscles with new instructions that the researcher is one of the players of the national team for more than twenty years and then she worked as a coach and supervisor for the team For the women's team as they are practitioners of this game using rubber ropes as a new method Special training to develop physical abilities as these studies aimed to prepare exercises with rubber ropes and then find out whether these exercises affected the accuracy of aiming by calculating the difference between the pre Thus, the researcher concluded that there is a difference and in favor of the post-test, the recommendations came with the need to pay attention to rubber rope exercises and any new exercises that increase the players' technical and skill abilities and improve the physical and psychological abilities of the players are included in the plans of the coaches in their training units and post test statistically and from the difference between the averages of the calculation in the test results it is clear that there is an effect of these exercises in developing the accuracy of aiming

This historical study leads us to know the role played by the Beni Senus region of the state of Tlemcen, western Algeria, during its historical stages, shedding light even on a small part by defining the name and its geographical framework, in addition to that the administrative framework of the region, and addressing their historical origins and roots, especially since This region was like most of the regions of the homeland in general and the historical Fifth Province in particular, which France faced many difficulties to control, as it is considered one of the reasons that prompted us to research this subject is the lack of independent and in-depth studies that enable us to understand what happened in the region, and thus shed light On new data instead of those data that have become known to the public and the private, and by that we mean the official history that we have followed since independence in the stages of our academic stages.

This study deals with a very important issue because it relates to the fate of human art, which is being compared in international salons to the work of a robot. Therefore, we tried to identify the essential differences between human intelligence and artificial intelligence, by observing the values and standards on which pure artistic work is built, in order to shake off the confusion that surrounds this issue in order to Determining whether the work of artificial intelligence is comparable to human creativity or if it does not amount to being a work of art in the first place.

The aim of the current research is to identify the amount of higher thinking skills among the fifth scientific grade students in the subject of biology.The research community consisted of all fifth graders, the research sample consisted of (421) students who were chosen randomly from the study community ,and to achieve the objectives of the reaearch, an achievement test was built to measure higher thinking skills and based on the content of the first four chapters of the book of biology for the fifth grade science, which consisted of 28 paragraphs of the type of multiple choice in its final form after Ensure its virtual validity and stability using the QODAR method Richardson (21-KR).the results showed the percentages of students higher-level thinking skills according to estimates, as12% showed high-level thinking skills, 55% showed medium-level, while 33% of students showed low level of higher order thinking skills.

The research aims to activate the role of audit committees in for-profit companies, given their positive impact in the modern business environment, with the presence of agency theory, the separation of ownership from management, and conflicts of interest between the various parties of corporate governance. It also aims to ensure that all parties are aware of their rights within the company, and emphasizes the importance of improving the quality of financial reports issued by management, given its importance in improving profits and, consequently, overall performance. The research also aims to highlight the importance of using modern systems in the work of audit committees, particularly those based on transparency, independence, risk-based analysis, and good governance. These systems, such as data mining technology, ensure effective monitoring of company operations and enhance investor and stakeholder confidence. Good governance and accountability systems promote transparency and accountability among auditors. Continuous risk assessment involves adopting a risk-based audit approach, monitoring developments in the external environment, whether legislative, economic, or technological, and attempting to keep pace with these developments. These systems enhance auditors' efficiency by developing their technical and analytical skills, focusing on legal compliance, verifying the institution's compliance with legal and regulatory systems, and periodically reviewing internal compliance policies. Effective communication with stakeholders and ensuring the submission of periodic and clear reports to the Board of Directors. To achieve this, a descriptive study was conducted based on previous studies and the use and descriptive analysis of the data obtained. A set of results were reached, perhaps the most important of which is that the use of modern financial systems, such as data mining, improves the performance of audit committees in operational performance, and that timely detection of errors saves time in completing operations, which companies desperately need to make decisions that, in turn, increase corporate profits. The results also showed that the auditor's lack of complete independence negatively impacts the quality of his performance in preparing his opinions on financial reports. This, in turn, leads to a lack of transparency and credibility of the disclosed information, which leads to a lack of confidence in the reports and the auditor's work. The study recommended a set of recommendations that focus on improving the quality of performance.

Through our research on music and singing in Persia (a study in the light of artistic evidence), it becomes clear to us that music and singing were considered one of the manifestations of the ancient civilization of Persia, as it dates back to the era of the Elamite civilization, passing through the Achaemenid and Parthian civilizations, and the Sasanian civilization, which represented the golden age of music and singing. Music had several uses, including religious and military, and in celebrations of feasts and rapture councils of kings and the general public, in which many musical instruments were used, such as trumpet, flute, jingo, tambour, drum, and other musical instruments, each according to the type of occasion in which the melodies were played, and musicians and singers had an important place The kings of Persia were granted an important position among the classes of Persian society, and Persian history recorded the names of the most famous authors of ancient Persian music, such as: Negisha, Barbad and Sarkhs.

Dreams have always been an obsession that haunts many people and urges them to find an interpretation for them, as they are a shortcut to penetrating the veils and anticipating the unseen. Man has always emphasized the difference in his cultures about the truthfulness of the messages that dreams carry, so he made them gods that reveal to him what they want through those dreams. The priests and the ancient philosophers, although they are the unlived reality of human life, but it became directed to most of his actions, but this reality changed with the advent of Islam. Islam on the basis that the Muhammad an message to its owner, the best prayer and peace, was at the beginning of its matter a vision, then the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) singled out the vision after that with many hadiths that we will mention, and from this section the conviction of Muslims was reinforced that the vision is only one of the doors of the unseen Which God grants to whomever He wills of His servants, so it has become a means of expressing it, and he travels for them from a far place, and there is no difference in that between the ruler and his subjects. We have the depth of that history. There is no opposition movement, no covenant rule, no leadership as a leader of the soldiers, nor were the visions fabricated and incorrect, but who cares about that as long as it is intended to convince the listeners that what happened is a metaphysical matter revealed by those visions to consolidate his law, so it is clear that the chambers of the Umayyad court It was filled with many visions, most of which revolved around the transfer of power to who is more acceptable in the eyes of the successors of that covenant

This paper focuses on the concept of poetic formulation and its defects, especially on the integral part of the literary text in general and the poetic one in particular. Almushakala is pronouncing against that pronouncing it appropriately, because it is accompanied by an investigation or appreciation, just as the problem in the Arabic language means compatibility, similarity, and symmetry between two things, so one of them runs the course of the other, and if that meaning is not achieved, art responds, so it goes. Critics and rhetoricians reject this type of exit because of the violation of the rules of poetry and what it carries of poor casting and incompatibility in the general picture of the literary formulation.

The topic of this research revolves around witnessing in divorce in the light of Sharia and the law, and there is no doubt about it that the legal rulings are fixed and endowment that do not change or transform, and the subject of witnessing in divorce is a purely religious and endowment subject. For him, he opened a chapter for him, or contracted a chapter or a book for him, so some of them made it a mandatory condition in divorce, and some of them went to make it an obligatory condition in it, similar to the Personal Status Law, which only touched a little bit, so through this we try to spread the dispute over The Qur’an is from the interpretation and interpretation of the interpreters, in addition to the Sunnah of the Prophet, and the jurisprudence of the scholars, their opinions and their deductions on the subject that is in our hands.

The leading cause of illness and mortality for women around the world is breast cancer, therefore current study conducted to specify at which age should the women in Iraq subjected to screening program for early detection of breast cancer.Screening program in Iraq include ( Clinical examination ;Ultrasound of the breast and Mammography).Patient and Method:This is a cross-sectional study of 84 patients during a period of two years extending from first of march 1995 to the 28th of February 1997,The sample study for patients presented to the surgical department at Baghdad, Al-Yarmouk and Al Kadmya Teaching Hospitals. The patients complaint of breast problems (breast mass, nipple discharge, mastalgia) and subjected for triple assessment (clinical examination, ultrasound and mammography) as well as excisional biopsy for histopathological examination. Results :Mammogram total number of 84 patients with various types of breast masses. They had a mean age of 20-60 years as shown in (table 1). Appositive family history of malignancy was obtained in (14.3%) of the study sample and (7.1%) were lactating females .of 84 pathologically confirmed cases, 41 patients had fibroadenomas, 15 patients were proved to have breast malignancies, 12 with fibrocystic changes, 7 had breast abscesses, 4 had breast cysts, 2 patients had duct ectasia, and another 2 had inarticulate mass, the remaining patient proved to have intra- mammary lymph node.The final diagnosis used the information available from clinical exam, mammography and excisional biopsy. The most common diagnostic category was fibroadenoma (48.8%) followed by malignancy (17.9%) and fibrocystic breast changes (14.3%).Mammography detects 14 cases (87.5%) of truly malignant breast lesions and only two cases (12.6%) were false positives. The final diagnoses of these two cases were (one case as abscess & the other as fibrocystic changes). In our series, mammography was more sensitive (93.3%) in detecting malignant breast. 41 patients with proved breast cancer occurred in age range between (33–60 years old) with a single woman 33 years old has breast cancer with strong family history of breast cancer (her mother at the age 46 year old and her aunt at age of 57years old) , other cases ranges between (46-60 years old). Benign breast disease distributed between age range (17 – 46 years old females) with fibroadenoma between age range of (17–37 years old) and fibrocystic changes between (21–32). Abscess occurred in age group (24–46). Conclusion:97.6% of breast cancer occur in the 4th decade of age and above and the risk increase with increasing age. While it is possible for the breast cancer to occur in the 3rd and even 2nd decade of age but there are strong predisposing factors such as family history and genetic factors ,also mammography is a good method for screening patients for breast cancer especially in women above the age of 40 years old with sensitivity of 93.3% let it the most reliable method of detecting breast cancer in advanced ages.

The administrative investigation is one of the guarantees that the law decided for the employee in the face of the disciplinary authorities, and it is an important measure that the administrative authority resorts to in order to know the violation committed by the employee and to determine the appropriate punishment that must be imposed on him. Therefore, one of the most important things that affect the administrative investigation is the validity of the procedures surrounding the investigation in order Ensuring the rights of the employee on the one hand and ensuring the application of the law on the other hand, as the administrative investigation is of great importance in securing the interests of the employees who are included in the investigation and affects their legal positions, as the administrative investigation has serious and very important results that affect the legal status of the employee, and it is known that the administration is enjoying With its discretionary authority in conducting the administrative investigation, which may lead to the imposition of administrative penalties that lead to prejudice to the benefits and rights enjoyed by the employee, so it was better and safer that this investigation be surrounded by all the guarantees that prevent the appeal of his administrative procedures, especially the defect of lack of jurisdiction that may affect the procedures of the administrative investigation. Starting from the formation of its committees and ending with the issuance of the administrative decision. The Amended Law of Discipline of State and Public Sector Employees No. (14) of 1991 clarified the formation of the investigation committee, its knowledge, its competence, and the nature of its recommendations.

The Prevalence and recurrence of the case of dissoluting parliament of Syria became usual and inevitable due to the instability of the general situations especially the political ones whether during the French mandate era or the eras of the military coups which rocket Syria. It is claimed that the activity and effectiveness of the parliament reflects the extent of stability that the state has undergone which is a clear indicator of a state of balance , compatibility ,harmony and understanding between the elected parliament and government on one hand and shows the strength of the mutual relationship and expresses the high trust between them on the other hand. However, the lack of appropriate public atmosphere and the instability of work. In addition, we should not undermine that the lack of development, modernization and the governments disregard to the laws and regulations as well as the ruling of some disqualified parliament members has negatively affected the real role of the parliamentary councils in Syria which eventually fostered their dissolution.

The study aimed to identify some of the mental abilities and the accuracy of shooting in basketball among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, as well as to know the relationship of some mental abilities to the accuracy of shooting in basketball among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. They are students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year 2021-2022, and their number is (40) students, where the percentage of the sample from the community reached 100%. Attention and shooting accuracy by jumping with basketball among physical education and sports science students.

There were many real reasons behind the Roman occupation of the Maghreb, by extending their influence and direct authority that came through stages, according to the plan of the wisest members of the Roman Senate in its circles, and the fall of the Kingdom of Mauritania in the year 40 AD was the last episode in which the Romans applied and closed all the countries bordering on the White Sea average.
This research aims to shed light on the Maghreb countries in the Roman era (146 BC - 429 AD) the reasons and reasons, as the series of wars that took place between the Carthaginians and the Romans were behind the opening of the Maghreb field to the Romans.

This paper aims to present a special family of Chebyshev polynomial (SFCP). The SFCP have been defined and their important properties are discussed. Then, the derivative of the state variable in the dynamic constraint of quadratic optimal control problem is approximated by SFCP with unknown coefficients. The operational matrix of derivative together with the dynamical constraints is used to approximate the control variable directly as a function of the state variable. Finally, these approximations are substituted in the performance index and necessary conditions for optimality transform the original quadratic optimal control problem to a quadratic programming problem. The resulting performance index optimal value shows that the proposed method provides a good treatment with fast convergence. The effectiveness of the presented method is illustrated by solving some numerical examples. The obtained results reveal that utilizing SFCP gives an efficient solution and it may exactly converge to the analytical one with minimum number of SFCP.

Our tagged research aims (literary origins of magical realism) To reveal the knowledge of magical realism and its importance, And the reasons for its emergence, and the most important pioneers who wrote about it An attempt to get to know its nature, literary style, and charming aesthetic Its construction and formulation, and the tributaries from which it descended, and to the To what extent has it been able to occupy an important place in the literary arena? And stand on its manifestations in the imagined text, and its potential To compose a text with distinctive fossils, making it his product Attractiveness and influence on the recipient

The Russian Federation and Turkey are two large countries, not only in terms of power in its broad sense, but also in terms of ability in the sense of mutual influence between them on the one hand, and influence in the relations of conflict and cooperation in the surrounding area close to it on the other hand, and this area close to it is characterized as an environment full of conflicts and conflicts, some of which have their roots Until the days of the Cold War, and the subsequent radical change in an image the world had not known of unilateral hegemony of the United States of America over all the joints of the international movement and the control of most of the decisions, agreements and treaties issued as a result of this movement, and then the spread of fundamentalist terrorism in the Middle East in particular, and the arrival of NATO on the Russian borders, which prompted the countries to think and work on creating a new image in international relations by moving towards approaches and commonalities between them, the Russian Federation seeks to take its role as a major country in the international community, because it occupies an important and influential area, which is the northern part It is from the Eurasia region, and it is linked to the continent of Europe, Central Asia and East Asia, as well as being a European country with an Asian depth. Turkey is an emerging regional power with demographic weight, characterized by a strategic location that contributed to the multiplicity of international circles (European, Western Atlantic, Middle Eastern, Central Asia and the Caucasus - Islamic, Balkans, Black Sea) and hence the importance of its foreign policies and movements at the regional and international levels, From what was mentioned above, it becomes clear that the two countries belong to a similar environment, not only geographically, but also politically and economically, and therefore such a relationship has a great impact on the regional and international levels, and despite all the conflicts and competition that exist in the region, no one can ignore the role Russia in Central Asia and the Caucasus as a real power and an active player in the region, especially with the return of Russia to play an active role in the affairs of the region. This is how the features of the Russian-Turkish rivalry became clear. As each party began working to reformulate its network of regional and international relations in a way that serves the realization of its interests in the region.

The study seeks to know the extent of the impact of the writer's ideology on his vision of literature, its role and function, and its reflection on the literary work, subject, content and constructive. Distinguished novelistic works whose treatment and solutions vary, and the importance of the novel stems from its ability to present a set of major problems, and to address them in a way that parallels them in its problematic and artistic level. This means that the intellectual and ideological direction of the novel is the basic direction in the creative process, and it is the supreme goal of creativity.The ideological sources of the novelist Jabra Ibrahim Jabra are clearly evident in his novelistic discourse, and the most important of these sources is the Christian, social and political source; Therefore, the study was required to be divided into three sections: the first section under the title (the religious source), the second section under the title (the social source), and the third section under the title (the political source).

The study aimed to find out the effect of electronic games on the behavior of primary school pupils and its relationship to their social status and academic achievement. The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the tool was a questionnaire: The study sample consisted of (55) parents from whom the questionnaire was filled out, and the study found that there is an effect Negative on the academic achievement of students at this important school stage in the life of students, which is considered as a cornerstone of their educational attainment and the growth of their mental and intellectual abilities due to neglect of school duties and their preference for games over interest in their lessons and duties, and this indicates a clear and dangerous indicator of the decline in academic achievement of students at this stage Because of electronic games.

Müller's Hamletmachine offers a descriptive look on the Marxist establishment in Germany after World War II, and the historical activation with a reference. Hamletmachine tackles the text of Hamlet as an expression to social emancipation against political agendas. Through the process of recreation, Müller expands in narrating and applying valuable events that overlie with resonances to political and social realities. As a personal experience, Müller affirms his ideology as a dramatic impact for expressing a self-journey that enhances a sense of contumacy against an authoritative environment.

The purpose of criticism was and still is to identify the elements of aesthetic identity that distinguish literary discourse from others, This expresses the concept of poetics from Aristotle to the present day, Poetry is a critical terminology In which he wrote a lot about it, it means in general (laws of literary discourse), To get acquainted with these laws, we chose to research a topic (The structure of the poetic language of Youssef Al-Sayegh’s poem The Winds of Bani Mazen as a model), This research comes as an attempt to open new readings Create questions and contribute as much as possible to the study of the issue of the structure of poetic language in a way that helps in analyzing it and answering its core questions

This study aimed to know the use of teaching methods among university faculty members in Iraqi universities and to determine the requirements for their use in some universities. To achieve this goal, the researcher chose the descriptive approach and used a questionnaire, by referring to previous studies and the theoretical framework. The questionnaire consisted of (30) items and analyzed SPSS statistical data. Through the use of Chi-square to measure the validity and reliability, and its validity and stability were verified by appropriate scientific methods. The study was applied to a random sample that was chosen by the stratified method from the faculty members working at the University of Al-Qadisiyah, where the number of the study sample was (80) members, males (40) and females (40). One of the most important findings of the study is that the most common effective teaching methods practiced by faculty members in universities are the method of discussion and dialogue, the teaching method based on educational techniques, and the least common effective teaching methods are the programmed teaching method, the field method, and the teaching method based on concept maps. The method of teaching based on cooperative learning, and the practical (experimental) teaching method. And there is a rather high positive trend among faculty members in some universities towards practicing effective teaching methods.
There are a number of necessary requirements that faculty members in universities see as necessary in order to use effective teaching methods in the educational process, including: the availability of modern equipment and technologies in the classrooms, the provision of technical support and continuous maintenance for them, and the appropriate size of the classrooms for the number of students.There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (5%) among university faculty members in universities in the degree of practicing effective teaching methods, as well as in their attitudes towards practicing them due to the difference in the type of college, teaching experience, or academic degree. The researcher recommended a number of recommendations that he hopes will contribute to strengthening the attitudes of faculty members towards the practice of effective teaching methods, the most prominent of which are: updating the method of teaching some university courses, especially general requirements courses, to the method of teaching through the computer in the form of electronic courses or through The Internet, working to remove the obstacles that prevent its practice, rotating teaching courses among faculty members, and adopting a system that motivates them to practice effective teaching methods.

There is a question, in the Arab critical mind, about the stylistic frameworks specific to the ember of Arab poetic modernity, which began with poetry, without a critical warning whistle. And when criticism was preoccupied with the forty years of free poetry distributed between its masters and its angels, the modern Arab poet was preoccupied with his poetic identity, and which methods fit his new industry.

The research is based on an opinion mentioned by the late Dr. Abdul Amir Al-Ward (1933 AD - 2006 AD) quoting Abu Abdullah Siraj Al-Din Abdul Latif bin Abi Bakr Al-Sharji Al-Zubaidi Al-Yamani (747 AH - 807 AH) that each school of thought has an independent scientific direction that is completely independent from the other school and not There is a difference between schools of grammar, morphology, and language only, but it is much broader, and it is a scientific difference between curricula and trends. They are the schools of Kufa and Basra, which the Muslims destroyed at the beginning of their era of conquest in the first Islamic century. The research was divided into two main axes. The first axis talks about the emergence of Islamic cities in the first Islamic century, the tribal structure of all of Egypt, the emergence of sciences in it, the approach adopted by all of Egypt, and what was popularized and appeared in it of sciences. He also talked about the main cities that were the scene of the emergence and spread of Islam as Mecca and Medina, and then Damascus and the Levant and the study and sciences therein, which represent the general character of the Islamic state, on which the transmission direction was based. The second axis talks about the conclusions and conclusions that the researcher draws from texts and historical events, and the role that each school presented, along with the results that evaluate the conclusions

The current research aims to identify: "The effectiveness of the strategy of successful organization in acquiring historical skills among students of the fourth grade of literature in history" To conduct the experiment, the number of the sample (experimental and control) was (64) students, with (32) students for each group.In a random way, Division (C) was chosen, an experimental group that studies the strategy of successful organization, and the control group studies in the usual way.The scientific subject was also identified and the goals formulated. In line with the aim of the research, the researcher prepared a measure of historical skills consisting of (16) skills, and for each skill a question was prepared with three alternatives. In the light of the research results, the researcher recommended the need to use the strategy of successful organization in historical skills. The researcher also presented a set of recommendations and proposals, most notably conducting studies similar to the current study on other educational stages. for both sexes. As well as identifying the effectiveness of successful organization in other dependent variables such as creative thinking, self-confidence, attitude towards material, and others.

This summary provides illumination of what was stated in the research titled (Theory of Systems and Efforts of Rhetoricians in the Cases of Pronunciation and Meaning) and reveals the main axes that the research dealt with in determining the precise meaning of the concept of (systems) and a translation between concepts that are close and close to the concept of systems among rhetoric scholars such as Al-Jahiz and Bishr bin Al-Mu'tamir, Al-Baqalani and other rhetoricians and ancients. And then the approach of these views with the modern propositions of Western scholars such as Ferdinand de Saussure, Jomsky and others. To the conclusion in which the research referred to the efforts made by Al-Jurjani in his books (Dala'il Al-I'jaz) and (Asrar Al-Balaghah) in crystallizing and defining this concept.

Content creators: They are an integral part of the producers of ideas, literary, artistic, and live media formulations, and they occupy an advanced position in the movement of intellectual human societies, in all fields of knowledge. The era of advanced electronic technologies added to us new patterns of thinking, and advanced methods of display, in representing reality and expressing it in artistic, literary and media ways based on smart digital technologies. Developments to present everything that would elevate societies and facilitate life concepts in innovative ways. Today, electronic media has become accessible to everyone, in addition to making art and its ability to influence. Therefore, media professionals in their various jobs and tasks must realize this reality, especially digital content makers (electronic media). The creator of the media, artistic and cultural content is that person who possesses the ability and skill to attract the recipient and most of the followers, whatever their culture or scientific and artistic level, and has the ability to keep them following him in modern electronic formats, and publishers of his content among their private and public audiences in addition to Their sure feeling of the importance of the cultural or artistic material that is published, so the content makers must find methods, approaches, applications, modern electronic programs, and a literary and scientific language. In high artistic formats, so that they can benefit their followers. . Today, content makers are the main component of the electronic media industry with its various applications such as YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, and various other websites. Hence, the importance of the study in understanding the role of the content maker, and does it need technical elements, elaborate methods, and specialized sciences such as the art of editing, directing, script writing, sugar screed, and montage? Is it necessary to enter the world of art, music, design and other arts that accompany every electronic intellectual product? Have all these arts been affected by modern electronic developments, making them easy to understand and apply? Is it possible for anyone who has interests in the applied or technical sciences we have mentioned to become an electronic content creator? And how? Hence, the research problem and its questions lie in standing on the importance of the content creator in the electronic media. Is it possible for the content creator to replace the editor, director, and editor in the media and in various ways? Does the content creator really have an impact on the recipients? And why? Can content makers dispense with academic study? What are the alternatives to that? What technology do content makers prefer, especially in the field of electronic journalism? Do we consider the content creator as an alternative to many media terms and concepts, such as editor, editor, director, and other concepts associated with the art of editing? Why does the content creator influence electronic media on a wide range of audiences, especially young people? Why is the content maker as a concept more popular than other media concepts? What is its relationship to the accompanying programs of modern electronic and communication technologies? What is the relationship between journalistic and artistic arts and content makers? Does mastering modern software and smart device applications dispense us with the academic study of media? Have the applications, services and programs provided by the information technology revolution and the freedom of publishing in the electronic press made work in the media more flexible, clear and easy for many, especially content makers? Is it possible to consider this term as the creator of the content of the concepts of the new media language? We will answer all these questions in the body of the research and within the methodological framework of the research

The novel occupies a high position among the literary arts, and it is the closest literary genre to people’s lives, as it can capture society’s problems through the arts it carries, seeking to highlight the crises it suffers from. This made critics interested in the fictional text and its artistic aspects, and semiotic criticism is one of the most prominent critical approaches that makes the text open and not self-sufficient. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach as a tool for studying the text, while the basic approach was the stream of cultural semiotics. For his ability to deconstruct signifiers and delve into the worlds of signs. The research dealt with the study of the semiotics of the title, the semiotics of characters, the semiotics of time and place, and revealing the semiotic patterns hidden behind the text

Thinking about the Qur’an is ever-flowing and does not end at “Rasoo” with a sample. The Qur’an is a permanent miracle with constant contemplation of it. The more we read, the more we need to delve into its depths and discover its secrets. The Qur’an is the best example and the most suitable field for multiple readings, provided that some of the “common things” remain constant. With the opening of outlets for diligent reception, some people may think that this is daring the sacred text, while the Qur’an calls for contemplation or contemplation and reasoning (textuality comes from various sources that are connected by a comprehensive framework, so the text of a thing states it as a text that raised it, revealed it, brought it out, moved it, and reached its end. (The text) is this thing/written written discourse that is confirmed by words and perhaps by other words, in the form of the artificial infinitive. It is (textuality) with a new concept that captures all the possible qualities of the text, from raising, revealing, highlighting, and moving, to show to the eye a substance and to the mind and heart an abstract abstraction, to complete the image of the (subject) the mountain. The most beautiful. The relationship that we found between (text) and (accusative) in the language, and from it we moved forward, since in both of them there is confirmation and elevation, and since the mountain is high, it is a text that deserves text, and since the great verse says: (Do they not look at the camels, how they are created? 17 And at the sky How it was raised 18 and to the mountains, how it was set up 19 So remember, you are only a reminder (20) Al-Ghashiya, that is, how it was established, established, erected, placed, planted, revealed, and raised - and they are in common with (the text) - the balance of connotations added to those common ones in significance: (and he gave him a job/position), as if by an addition (B) (status) The text has a function, and therefore the mountain has a textual position. It is our scattered display of (the mountain) in different contexts, combined, in an architectural building - from the raw materials for its construction - growth, birth, youth, aging and fading. On the basis of this, the mountain speaks in the Holy Qur’an as it is. The mountain is the mountain of the Qur’an and the mountain of its text that speaks its words, and “it is spoken about” in it (the glorious text), but it is the mountain that does not speak for itself, but rather eludes us from it, asking us as recipients of it and from it to speak about it. On behalf of himself, his apparent and his inner self, what he declares and what he conceals, let us act by observing his emerging movements, his occurring and developing transformations, and his emerging, expanding, and flourishing relationships, to create his text hidden within the folds of his textual category.