Journal of Baghdad College of Economic sciences University

In the current time, greening business became very important in all organizations as applied approach to deal with their target markets. Hence, universities in different countries of the world have adopted a strategic method in dealing with the environment, sustainability and green -orientation in their businesses. However, the results of this orientation that it became a scale and reliable criteria for measuring green orientations in the universities, and across their different practices that are subject to examination and evaluation to gain a competitive position with other universities in the world.
In this research, it will be indicated in the theoretical framework for the meaning greening business as new strategic philosophical orientation which has became dependable in different organizations, and determine the reasons that pushed the organizations to adopt green orientations in their businesses, and the benefits achieved as a result of that, as well as the adoption of the concept of environmental sustainability. The researcher will devote the practical side to review in details the measurement of green metric world university ranking (GMWUR) and what can this measurement achieve in terms of advantages and competitive objectives for universities which adopted it. As well as, present a conclusive summary of the research findings and the proper recommendations for greening the universities' business and achieving competitiveness.

The study searches for the knowledge value added achievement indicators in the Iraqi private banks environment through the owned knowledge resource competencies of Managers and experts that which enables them to achieve it, as a real foundation for this value which depends on the extent of their knowledge and skills in the banking business which was required to track through the positivism philosophy (objective) and deriving the hypothesis of the research in accordance to the deductive approach from the theoretical framework, providing the supposed solution to the problem of the research which assimilate in the extent of the contribution of the competencies of the knowledge resource in achieving added value to the knowledge of the Iraqi private banks, depending on the analytical method for the analysis of the research sample respondents total of (114) director in three banks (the Middle East, commercial Gulf bank, North bank), the questionnaire was distributed to all three banks directly and was analyzed by a set of statistical means adopting (SPSS, 22) statistical package ,the results of the analysis confirmed the availability of added value to the knowledge in good percentages showing that these percentages increase By knowing the impact of the competencies of knowledge resource in achieving it, across the multiple regression model, and technical competencies that are related to the technological capabilities have the most significant effect in achieving knowledge value added, the research recommendations for the three banks taken as a sample in this research was the importance of introducing knowledge as a platform or as a working program and to invest in the intellectual capital and creating a creative culture that encourages and motivates creativity as well as strengthening the technical Competencies for all managers and experts.

The Foreign Trade is the one of the important Economic Scatters Specially in the Development country from increase rates of growth National Income &achieve the Structural changes in National Economy & achieve Important Production &Consumer goods Research beginning from appear role of the Foreign Trade from especial Economic appointments in condion of Iraq like in old period. When the Foreign Trade achieved high development and increase in the National Income The Research aims to identification Foreign Trade and importance & policies of it. We showed theories Foreign Trade Practices to measurement & analysis economic appointment whose Related to Foreign Trade in 50th, 60th, 70th, 80th, 90th and 2000 to 2002 & measurement ratio of Economic Bare to the National Economy & importance Exports & Inports from National Income and Measurement of Iraqi Balance of Trade with oil &without oil and knowledge the Surplus & Deficit in Iraqi Economy .The Personal Mean of National Income & Development of Personal Mean of Exports & Imports in Iraq.

The private medical laboratories, which are part of the health care system is of great importance in providing the possibilities of detection of diseases by conducting laboratory and the work of this laboratory is the main foundation upon which the physician in diagnosis and because of "the great importance of the laboratories of medical emerged the need to provide support to them whether government support or not government, which would enhance the possibilities and techniques of medical laboratories and by providing bank loans to these laboratories, it is defined that any banking business in which the ratio of risk and to shed light on the credit risk that result when granting loans to the laboratories of medical for the researcher analysing this risk through the use of scientific mechanism is (5C's) and dealing with all of the elements of personal and capital, capacity and security and the circumstances of the client student loan Find out has a set of conclusions including Possession of all the owners of qualified laboratories that support the process of obtaining the loan and that reduce the likelihood of obtaining a credit risk when granting the loan.Find out and a set of recommendations including Both call "from the banks and the Ministry of Health in Iraq to provide support to the laboratories and the pursuit Aali development of the reality of medical laboratories through the provision

Research aims to determine the effect of the total elements of strategic information systems (individuals, software, procedures, networks, and database) on a total strategic performance dimensions (financial, customer, internal processes, learning and growth), and identify the elements of information that prevent the impact on the completion of systems performance strategic to achieve the objectives of the bank.
Using two types of questionnaires, the first related to the elements of strategic information systems, the second is dedicated dimensions of strategic performance. As well as the statistical methods used in the description of individual research sample and determine correlations between variables and the effect in order to draw conclusions, also have been treated using the computer through a statistical analysis program SPSS V14.
Results shows the availability of opportunities total positive elements of strategic information systems (individuals, software, procedures, networks, and database) in the majority of the dimensions of strategic performance axes (financial, customer, internal processes, learning and growth), respectively. But this effect not significant in some elements of strategic information systems (procedures, individuals) in the majority of strategic performance dimensions.

The organization desire to be in the priority of the successful organizations comes through searching of the buying behavior and customer decision making , adding to that , the studying of the factors which effects on buying decision making in order to achieving organization success and outgeneraled , because of customer buying behavior affected by several factors. So the current research concerned with factors which can be effect the customer and buying behavior and (Hyundai) car buying decision making.
to achieve the study objectives, the research designed a questionnaire that include (31) items to collect primary data, the research sample consisted of (235) persons. on the light of that, data were analyzed and hypotheses were tested by using statistical package for social sciences (spss), and to achieve the study objectives several statistical methods were used, the study concluded several findings as followers:
1. There is a contribute on of the factors which effects on (Hyundai) car buying decision making .
2. There is a correlate and effect between the factors effects on decision making and (Hyundai) car buying decisions .
In the light of this, the researcher was made a number of suggestions.

This paper aims to try to shed light on the application of total quality in the institutions of higher education management mechanisms, particularly in light of the challenges that have become faced by the latter as a result of global changes which imposed a system based on science and development and technology, citing in this context, the most prominent steps the Japanese experience and theire results

Iraq accounting practices have been influenced by disparate political systems, starting with the British. As a result, its accounting system has been influenced by the British, the Russian accounting system and the Egyptian accounting system. When the Arab Baath Socialist party took control of Iraq in 1968, it looked for the means to enable central control of the economy. To do so, the government established the Iraq National Oil Company (INOC) to dominate all oil and gas resources in Iraq, and it launched the National Unified Accounting Plan (NUAP) which later developed into the Unified Accounting System (UAS). After 2003 The Iraqi oil industry has changed from central government control of oil and gas production by one local company, Iraq National Oil Company (INOC), and currently to one where foreign companies are allowed to invest and operate in Iraq alongside the national company. IOCs such as Exxon Mobil, Shell, Bp, Total, CNPC, ENI, Gas Prom, Statoil, LUKOIL, KOGAS, JAPEX and TAPO are now operating in Iraq. The problem are facing both of Iraq and foreign companies is the differences between accounting systems. These differences will impact the accounting treatments and financial reporting in relation to oil and gas industry

The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between the good governance and the expenses on education, with a sample of 13 states of MENA region over a period between 2002 and 2011 by using the panel data models ,the results of this study show the existence of a significant and negative correlation between Voice and accountability, Regulatory Quality indicators and expenses on education , While the study revealed the existence of a significant positive correlation between the index of government effectiveness and the educational expenditure, Moreover the results also indicated that the indicators: control of corruption, political stability, and the rule of law were all the same positive impact on education spending, but it is not statistically significant, suggesting that; the promote of quality of governance in MENA countries is still known very low levels in the , especially for accountability, participation as well as fighting corruption.
Therefore, the MENA countries must undergone radical reform of its educational system, encompassing more productivity of its educational system, by focusing on high quality of education rather than focusing on the quantitative aspect of education.

This study in general, intended to make an attempt in clarifying the role played by the securitization banking technique in the occurrence of the global financial crisis (2008), so this research came up within a descriptive analytical template, through which has been clarified all different basics, concerned within the concept of securitization banking, that illuminate and emphasize its relationship with the occurrence of this crisis.
This investigation has appeared to demonstrate the responsibility of the securitization banking technique in the incidence of the global financial crisis (2008). In conclusion, it endorsed the need for the application of this technique which is grounded on an objective evaluation of the guarantees based on it, under an appropriate work environment subjugated by the adequate supervision and control

Organizational creativity is one of the fundamental pillars for the success and building organizations in the era of globalization, when touched by customers (guests) from the extrapolation of the expected competitive current and future needs of great importance among those in organizations. So the researcher focuses its efforts in the study of these two variables, the researcher sought to determine the levels and types of creativity and quality of service at the hotel respondent and to clarify the nature of the relationship and the impact of the first variable in the second variable. The researcher found to a number of conclusions and recommendations, and was one of the most important conclusions (presence splash relationship significant differences between radical innovation and quality hotel services , the highest of the influential relationship of creativity out) One of the main recommendations (emphasis on the importance of feedback to the process of creativity Organizational radical to assess the creativity and know how satisfy the needs and desires of customers ( guests) changing )

This study aimed to identify the role of the quality of information in achieving effective decision-making in the Directorate of Health Affairs in Taif. For the purpose of this study a questionnaire is used to measure the dimensions of the independent variables, quality of the information {time, form and content dimensions}, and the dependent variable - the effectiveness of decision taking {Decision Time, ease of execution and acceptance of the decision}.The study was conducted on a sample of employees in the Directorate of Health Affairs in Taif. The total sample size of (149) people, has been chosen the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program {SPSS}. After data analysis and testing hypotheses at The study found a number of results :-
1) There is a high level from the point of working in the Directorate of Health Affairs in Taif in the process of achieving effective decision-making staff of view.
2) There is a statistically significant effect of the dimensions of the independent variable, quality of the information {time, form and content dimensions} in achieving effective decision-making.
3) There are significant differences in the perceptions of the respondents in the Directorate of Health Affairs in Taif, differences due to the variables (age, educational qualification functional experience), While there are no differences due to the variable functional level.
In light of the results that have been reached, the study provided a set of recommendations concerning the process of achieving effectiveness of decision-making at the Directorate of Health Affairs in Taif.

Men civil protection suffered a lot of pressure at work, and as a result of the increasing volume of these pressures result has a state of stress at work, which affects his sense of professional consensus through job satisfaction and working and professional alienation turnover and poor labor relations, which led us to carry out this study which aimed to find out professional stress professional line relationship (work rotation, professional alienation, labor relations, job satisfaction) the men of civil protection, it has been the sample selection deliberate manner.
To achieve the objectives of the study were built questionnaire special occupational stress and a questionnaire special professional consensus, it has distributed questionnaires to 62 man civil protection, and in order to process the data I use the correlation coefficient of Pearson, was the most important results obtained and the existence of a relationship between occupational stress and professional compatibility with the men of the Civil Protection a relationship weak positive.

This study aims to highlight the role of training in the capacity of tourism human resources development as tourist services closely related to the human element in tourism enterprises, and to create a tourist show competitor must prepare and qualify the human element to suit the characteristics of tourism, it has been a field study of a random sample estimated 40 employees in the hotel Guelma state institutions through a questionnaire designed for this purpose, as was the use of statistical analysis (SPSS) program to unpack and analyze the questionnaire

Faculty members are one of the most important elements in improving the educational process, up to and including Excellency and quality output, especially in light of the intense competition between higher education institutions, which is witnessing a huge cognitive and technological revolution, and versatility in modern teaching methods using information and communication technology.
Therefore, it has become necessary for the institutions of higher education to create conditions to improve the quality of the faculty members’ performance through continuous evaluation, improvement, and development, which is reflected positively on the quality of the educational institution and its output.
The evaluation process of the faculty members’ performance helps the educational institution to achieve their desired objectives of that, and because of the importance of the faculty members for the foundation, the researcher prepared this research as an attempt to prove the important and effective role of the faculty member through evaluation from the viewpoint of his students, and stand on the strengths of the work of the faculty member, and thus reflected positively on the entire community, and also to identify weaknesses and the possibility of the existence of solutions with which to minimize the effects and the possibility of working on the converted weaknesses to strengths.

The study sought to explain the relationship between Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation and their impact on competitive advantage, so adopt search in which field Multi Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation as a variable explaining representatives (innovative orientation, proactive orientation, customers orientation, competitors orientation), and competitive advantage as responsive variable and put hypothetical scheme to search reflects the nature of the impact between the Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation toward and the competitive advantage on the other hand , and resulted in a total of the main hypotheses were tested using the statistical data program (SPSS.18) collected through the questionnaire for individuals respondents (employees). The research found a total of the most important conclusions: there effect relationship is of significance to the Entrepreneurial Orientation and market orientation variables in competitive advantage

The legal reserve is considered the oldest instruments of monetary policy (quantitative tools) and used by the central banks dominated the money supply , and money supply have clear effect on macroeconomic variables to, most central banks are using their tools quantity in control of the exchange money supply, including the narrow money supply to influence the variables economy Overall.
Current research has sought to prove the contribution of the legal reserve imposed by the Central Bank of Iraq in the narrow money supply for the period of 2010 until 2011 control.
The search was based on a major premise, and that was recognized by using standard quantitative approach, namely:
"There is a statistical relationship between the legal reserve of the Central Bank of Iraq and the narrow money supply"
The research concluded that the CBI was able to affect the narrow money supply (60% and 82%) for 2010 and 2011 respectively, regression coefficients statistically elevated.

The research variables occupies great importance in the business of the organizations, These variables are mix promo innovative elements and customer satisfaction, the research aims to find out the mix promo innovative impact customer satisfaction in the sector mobile communications companies and specifically Inc. (Asiacell), and consisted study the problem of a series of questions about the nature of the relationship and influence mutual between the variables of the study, and adopted the descriptive analytical method, and within your search random sample included (60) people from the users of company services (Asiacell) mobile communications, and adopted a resolution to collect data and information and treatment was relying on a number of statistical methods to test hypotheses, and the most prominent findings the study is the importance of the promotional mix innovative companies of communication and its impact on customer satisfaction, Vtmthelt The main recommendations need to be aware of the fact that communications companies innovation in the promotional mix elements is one of the keys to success for the customer and it's pleasing to the priorities sought by contemporary organizations.

The aim of our study is to identify and measure whether the governance has an impact on the economic growth in the light of focusing the necessary of making the governance more efficient to detect crises. The study used the panel data analysis on a sample of 12 countries over the period 2002-2011, the results show that the government effectiveness contributes significantly on economic growth but the spread of phenomenon of corruption absorbs an important part of economic resources and the growing up of the separation between the financial and real sphere.