Karbala Journal of Physical Education Sciences

The study aimed to identifying the degree of differences between the hypothetical mean of the goal-orientations scale and the average response of the students in the scale to know the goal-oriented in gymnastics, knowing the relationship between the students’ goal-orientations and the level of their achievement, as well as their achievement and achievement level in volleyball.The researchers applied the descriptive approach in the method of correlational relations for the purpose of reaching the results of the research, as the research population was identified from the third stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mosul for the academic year (2021-2022), whose total number is (194) male and female students, and the research sample was It was limited to (67) third-year students, represented by two divisions (A and B). The data was processed using the statistical package program (spss) to reach the results, which are enjoy a sample r esearch with goal orientations at a high level. The goal orientations that the students aspire to reach in the future have no correlation with the degrees of their achievement in gymnastics and volleyball.

The research aims to prepare exercises for muscle sensory receptors (PNF) and to identify the effect of exercises for neuromuscular facilities (PNF) in developing some physiological indicators for people with special needs in weightlifting. The researcher used the experimental method in a one-group style with a pre and post test for its suitability to the nature of the research and to reach the goals. The research sample was chosen by the intentional method. They are disabled (amputation in the lower right limb below the knee), and their number (4) is four quadrants, who are homogeneous in the degree of injury (first degree A) according to the medical technical divisions of the disabled with amputations, and the time of their discharge from the hospital is close, and close In ages and from the lifters who are committed to the exercises for the exploratory experience and the main experience. He reached conclusions, the most important of which was that training using PNF neuromuscular facilitation exercises had a positive impact on some physiological indicators of the research sample members. After the results that were reached by the researcher, he recommends paying attention to the PNF neuromuscular facilitators exercises in order to improve the physiological, energetic and physical aspects. Paying attention to physiological indicators, their status and needs in training curricula to raise digital levels.

The research aims to prepare exercises for muscle sensory receptors (PNF), and to identify the effect of exercises for neuromuscular facilities (PNF) in developing the work of the lower limb for people with special needs in weightlifting. The researcher used the experimental method in a one-group style with a pre and post measurement for its suitability to the nature of the research and to reach the goals. The research sample was chosen by the intentional method, and they are disabled (amputation in the lower right limb below the knee), and their number (4) is four quadruplets, who are homogeneous in the degree of injury (first degree A) according to the medical technical divisions of the disabled with amputations, and the time of their discharge from the hospital is close, and close In ages and from the lifters who are committed to the exercises for the exploratory experience and the main experience. He reached conclusions, the most important of which was that training using PNF neuromuscular facilitation exercises had a positive impact on the work of the lower limbs of the research sample. After the results that have been reached by the researcher, it is recommended to pay attention to PNF neuromuscular facilitation exercises. Conducting tests for the players from time to time before starting work in the application of exercises, because this will give full details of the physiological and physical aspects.

The research aims to prepare cluster-style exercises for futsal players, to identify the effect of cluster-style exercises in the transitional speed and legs explosive ability and shoting accuracy index for futsal players. The experimental approach was used by designing two equal groups (control and experimental) with a pre and post test, in order to suit the nature of the research problem. The research population was determined by the futsal players who are officially registered in the Popular Mobilization Sports Club for the season (2021-2022), and their number is (15 players). Two groups (controller and experimental), and each group has (5) players, and (3) players were used for the exploratory experiment, and (1) player was excluded due to injury. Cluster exercises helped develop the transitional speed of futsal players. The researchers concluded that the cluster-style exercises had a significant impact on the development of biomotor abilities (the explosive ability of the two legs, and skill (the shoting accuracy index).The researchers recommended the need to use (the-cluster-style exercises) for different age groups, whether they are young, young, or advanced, and with skills other than the skills studied. rates of development.

The aim of the research is to prepare Sakyo exercises (S.A.Q) in some aspects of attention and talking skill for advanced football players, to identify the effect of Sakyo exercises (S.A.Q) on some aspects of attention and talking skill for advanced football players, and to identify the priority effect between Sakyo exercises and the exercises prepared of some aspects of attention attention and talking skill of advanced football players. The researchers used the experimental method by designing equal groups (control and experimental) with pre- and post-test. The research community consisted of the players of the Karbala Reserve Club, with a rate of (35 players). The research reached conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a positive effect of the selected exercises in developing some aspects of attention, types of speed, some aspects of attention and talking skill, and for the two research groups (experimental and control), but in varying proportions. The experimental group that adopted the Sakyo exercises showed a clear superiority over the members of the control group in all the post tests. The researchers recommended the need to use Sakyo exercises in some aspects of attention and talking skill, and the need for coaches to pay attention to players, including the advanced category in mental abilities

The aim of the research is to identify the biomechanical indicators affecting the performance of the movement of the stock and to prepare exercises in the style of instantaneous force according to what is required by the skillful performance of it. The researchers used the experimental method by designing equal groups. The research population was determined by the young fencing players who were categorized within the last local championship held by the Iraqi Central Fencing Federation, in which (28) players participated. Biomechanics through video imaging and analysis to diagnose and treat errors, and then prepare special exercises aimed at developing and improving the values of kinematic variables and tactile accuracy for the two stabbing movements. The researchers concluded that the experimental group achieved a better improvement over the control group in the values of all biomechanical indicators examined in the post test, and this is a good indication of the effectiveness of special momentary strength exercises. The researchers recommended the need to focus on the foundations, conditions and mechanical principles in designing and building exercises in the vocabulary of the training curriculum according to the conditions of motor performance of the skill to be trained, and emphasizing the use of special exercises for their positive role in improving the values of biomechanical indicators of the body and then improving the level of physical and skill performance.

The aim of the research is to identify the kinematic indicators affecting the performance of the stabbing movement and to prepare exercises in the style of instantaneous force according to what is required by the skill performance of the stabbing movement. Within the last local championship held by the Iraqi Central Fencing Federation, in which (28) players from various Iraqi clubs participated. The research concluded that the experimental group achieved a better improvement over the control group in the values of all the biomechanical indicators investigated and the tactile accuracy of the stabbing movement of young fencers in the post test, and this is a good indicator of the effectiveness of special momentary strength exercises. The researchers recommended the need to focus on the foundations, conditions and mechanical principles in designing and building exercises in the vocabulary of the training curriculum according to the conditions of motor performance of the skill to be trained, and emphasizing the use of special exercises for their positive role in improving the values of biomechanical indicators of the body and then improving the level of physical and skill performance.

The study aimed to prepare a measure of emotional maturity in the skill of the Arab Leap for artistic gymnastics for students, build a cognitive achievement test in the skill of the Arab Leap for artistic gymnastics for students, to identify the skill performance of the Arab Leap for artistic gymnastics for students, to identify the percentage of the contribution of emotional maturity and cognitive achievement in predicting the skill performance of the Arabic Leap, and finding predictive equations for the performance of the Arabic leap skill in terms of emotional maturity and cognitive achievement. The research community was determined by the third stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Karbala for the academic year (2021-2022), and their number was (106) students. He summarized the results to obtain predictive equations that are (y = a + b 1 x x 1 + b 2 x x 2), (y = 5.550 + (0.017 x 3) + (0.069 x 4) = 5.877 non-standard), (y = b 1 x x 1 + b2 x x2 ), ( y = (0.229 x 3) + (0.146 x 4) = 1.271 standard)

The research aims to prepare educational units using Karen's educational model in learning some basic football skills for students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups with a pre- and post-measurement. The research community was determined by the students of the first stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Karbala, the morning study for the academic year (2021-2022), which numbered (88) students. Simple sampling by (40) students, and selection of the main sample for research by (32) students. The researchers reached conclusions, the most important of which is the effect of the units prepared by the researcher according to Karen’s educational model in developing basic football skills for students, because they were suitable for the sample and varied with its exercises, tools and methods used. One of the most important recommendations is to pay attention to modern teaching models that carry with it methods based on behavioral and constructivist theories and meaningful learning that contribute to raising the level of students and developing the educational process.

The aim of the research is to prepare special exercises for young football players according to data analysis from smart monitoring devices, to identify the effect of the exercises in developing the accuracy of soccer scoring, and to identify the virtue of affecting the accuracy of soccer scoring between the exercises according to data analysis and between the exercises prepared by the coach. The researcher used the experimental research method with a pre and post measurement. The research community included the young football players in Al-Kut Club in Wasit Governorate, who numbered (24) players within the first division league for the sports season (2020-2021), and the research sample was chosen randomly by (20) players. The research concluded that the researcher’s use of scientific tools, including the smart ball, which helped in providing accurate information about the players’ levels contributed to the organization of appropriate training vocabulary, which achieved positive results. Also, training using the smart ball affected improving the sense of the speed of the ball when performing the direct free kick skill. The researchers recommend the need to use smart monitoring devices in teaching and training basic football skills, especially kicks of various kinds, and providing smart monitoring devices in clubs, in the National Center for the Care of Sports Talent for Football, sports forums of the Ministry of Youth and Sports and specialized football schools.

The study aimed to build a scale of job affiliation for members of basketball sports federations from the point of view of coaches in Iraq, and to identify the level of job affiliation for members of basketball sports federations from the point of view of coaches in Iraq. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method due to its suitability and the nature of the current study. The research community and its sample included the basketball coaches for the first-class league in Iraq, which numbered (105) coaches, where they were distributed to three samples of them for the exploratory experiment, the construction of the scale and its application. The statistical package (SPSS) was used for the statistical treatments. The conclusions included that the members of the sports sub-federations of the basketball game enjoyed a job affiliation. The researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the measure of job affiliation among the members of the sports sub-federations of basketball from the point of view of the members of the sports sub-federations, and emphasizing the evaluation of job affiliation on a continuous basis to identify the strengths and weaknesses in this performance, as well as the need to apply the basic principles of the mutual leadership of the members of the sub-sports federations in basketball Basketball is a supervisory and administrative procedure that ensures that sports institutions advance their administrative and sports situation.

The study aimed to build a scale of reciprocal leadership among members of sports federations in basketball from the point of view of coaches in Iraq, and to identify the level of reciprocal leadership among members of sports federations from the point of view of coaches in Iraq. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method due to its suitability and the nature of the current study. The research community and its sample included the basketball coaches for the first-class league in Iraq, which numbered (105) coaches, where they were distributed to three samples of them for the exploratory experiment, the construction of the scale and its application. The statistical package (SPSS) was used for the statistical treatments. The conclusions included that the members of the sports sub-federations of the basketball game enjoyed the reciprocal leadership. The researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the measure of mutual leadership among the members of the sports sub-federations of basketball from the point of view of the members of the sports sub-federations, and emphasizing the evaluation of the mutual leadership on an ongoing basis to identify the strengths and weaknesses in this performance, as well as the need to apply the basic principles of the mutual leadership of the members of the sports sub-federations in basketball Basketball is a supervisory and administrative procedure that ensures that sports institutions advance their administrative and sports situation.

The aim of the research is to prepare Sakyo exercises (S.A.Q) in some types of speed and scoring skill for advanced football players, to identify the effect of Sakyo exercises (S.A.Q) in some types of speed and scoring skill for advanced football players, and to identify the priority effect between Sakyo exercises and the exercises prepared of some in some types of speed and scoring skill for advanced football players. The researchers used the experimental method by designing equal groups (control and experimental) with pre- and post-test. The research community consisted of the players of the Karbala Reserve Club, with a rate of (35 players). The research reached conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a positive effect of the selected exercises in developing some aspects of attention, types of speed, some aspects of attention and talking skill, and for the two research groups (experimental and control), but in varying proportions. The experimental group that adopted the Sakyo exercises showed a clear superiority over the members of the control group in all the post tests. The researchers recommended the need to use Sakyo exercises in in some types of speed and scoring skill for advanced football players, and the need for coaches to pay attention to players, including the advanced category in mental abilities.

The study aimed to prepare anaerobic exercises using unbalanced ping-pong floors for players aged (14-16) years, and to identify the effect of anaerobic exercises using unbalanced floors on anaerobic abilities and some bio-kinetic abilities and the index of accuracy of the front and back strikes in table tennis for players aged (14-16). Year, to identify the preference of differences between the experimental and control groups in the variables investigated. The researchers used the experimental method in the manner of the two equal groups (experimental and control) for its suitability in achieving the research objectives and solving the problem. 26) jumpers. The researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which were: Anaerobic training with unbalanced floors has a clear impact on the development of anaerobic capabilities (maximum anaerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity) and some biokinetic capabilities (response speed, balance and coordination) and the index of accuracy of the forehand and backhand table tennis, the amount of development of anaerobic abilities (maximum anaerobic ability and anaerobic capacity) and some biokinetic abilities (response speed, balance and coordination) and the index of accuracy of the forehand and backhand table tennis in the experimental group was greater compared to the control group, the use of unbalanced floors contributes significantly to adding the factor of suspense and excitement and increase the players’ turnout towards training .

The study aimed to prepare anaerobic exercises using unbalanced ping-pong floors for players aged (14-16) years, and to identify the effect of anaerobic exercises using unbalanced floors on anaerobic abilities and some bio-kinetic abilities and the index of accuracy of the front and back strikes in table tennis for players aged (14-16). Year, to identify the preference of differences between the experimental and control groups in the variables investigated. The researchers used the experimental method in the manner of the two equal groups (experimental and control) for its suitability in achieving the research objectives and solving the problem. 26) jumpers. The researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which were: Anaerobic training with unbalanced floors has a clear impact on the development of anaerobic capabilities (maximum anaerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity) and some biokinetic capabilities (response speed, balance and coordination) and the index of accuracy of the forehand and backhand table tennis, the amount of development of anaerobic abilities (maximum anaerobic ability and anaerobic capacity) and some biokinetic abilities (response speed, balance and coordination) and the index of accuracy of the forehand and backhand table tennis in the experimental group was greater compared to the control group, the use of unbalanced floors contributes significantly to adding the factor of suspense and excitement and increase the players’ turnout towards training .

The study aimed to identify the level of psychological stress for students practicing and non-practising sports activities, as well as knowing the level of violence they have. College of Physical Education, as well as there is a statistically significant relationship in the level of violent behavior between practicing and non-practicing students (50) non-practicing students of sports activities representing the departments and colleges of Al-Mustansiriya University, they were chosen in a random way. Violence and when conducting the statistical processor using the program (spss), the results of the research resulted in a statistically significant correlation between the level of psychological stress and the behavior of violence.

The aim of the research is to find the simple relationship and the percentage of contribution between the accuracy of carrying the skill performance and each of the bio-kinetic abilities investigated and building a predictive model to know the accuracy of bearing the skill performance in terms of the bio-kinetic abilities with high rates of contribution to this performance. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the style of correlational relations for its suitability to solve the research problem and to verify the research hypotheses. And they identified the research community from the Karbala youth team players for taekwondo, which numbered (24) players "and according to the weight categories approved by the International Federation, and from them the researchers used the community of origin in their experience and the amount of (24) players", they chose from them (12) players for the exploratory experiment. The influential relationships of motor abilities were limited to the accuracy of carrying skill performance in (agility, balance), and the extracted predictive model proved its efficiency according to the statistically applicable standards.

The aim of the research is to prepare functional exercises using rubber ropes with different resistances and electrical activity for young players in handball. The researchers used the experimental method. The research population was the players of Najaf Governorate clubs for the junior handball category (Kufa - Najaf - Central Oil) for the season (2021-2022), and their number is (48) players. To reach the results of the research after processing it statistically to achieve the objectives of the research and the researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the use of functional exercises with rubber ropes and electrical activity before performing stretching exercises had a role in increasing blood flow and removing accumulations and waste in the affected area, relieving pain and preparing the affected area, which made it easier for the player. The patient can move and perform exercises freely without feeling pain. The most important recommendations included the necessity of emphasizing the use of functional exercises with rubber ropes with different resistances with the therapeutic method (electrical activity) side by side in all hospitals and physiotherapy centers.

The study aimed to design an innovative device to train anaerobic exercises for the research sample, prepare anaerobic exercises with the innovative device to develop lactic acid and lactic dehydrogenase enzyme for the research sample, and to identify the effect of anaerobic exercises used with the device on lactic acid and lactic dehydrogenase enzyme for the research sample. The researchers used the experimental approach throghout experimental and control groups ( pre and post test) design. The number of the exploratory sample was (5) players, and the number of the main application sample (16) players. The study concluded with the contribution of anaerobic (lactic) training to the development of the efficiency of vital regulators, lactic acid and the enzyme lactic dehydrogenase through the following: an increase in the strength of the hydrogen ion liberated as a result of the accumulation of lactic acid and a decrease in the concentration of HCO3- after the effort in the two tests, - Increasing the efficiency of hemoglobin as a bioregulator by increasing the binding of hemoglobin Hemoglobin with hydrogen. The researchers also recommended the use of the innovative device by the researcher in the anaerobic training of young boxers, and the adoption of the exercises used in the study within the components of the training load (intensity, size, comfort) when training lactic endurance, as it contributed to the development of biochemical variables for young boxers.

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of functional discipline in terms of the ethics of the teaching profession among teachers of physical education from the point of view of school principals, and to develop a predictive equation for functional discipline in terms of the ethics of the teaching profession for teachers of physical education from the point of view of school principals. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach in the correlative relationships approach . The research sample included (135) teachers and teachers in secondary schools in the General Directorate of Karbala. Through the procedures and data processing, the researchers reached the following conclusions, which is the development of a predictive equation for functional discipline in terms of the ethics of the teaching profession for male and female teachers of physical education from the point of view of school principals, as well as the absence of a real difference between the group of teachers and the group of female teachers in functional discipline, intellectual excitement and ethics of the teaching profession. The study recommended the necessity of adopting the standards prepared as scientific research tools in measuring the functional discipline and ethics of the teaching profession among male and female teachers of physical education, and the need to develop axes of the ethics of the teaching profession among male and female physical education teachers because of their contribution ratios in functional discipline.

The research aims to identify the reality of muscular compatibility and to identify the relationship between muscular compatibility and the performance of some basketball defensive compound skills for young players. The research sample consisted of (20) players from Al-Hilla Club and Al-Tadamon Club, and they were chosen randomly. Through the results it was possible to reach conclusions that the muscular compatibility is related to a significant relationship with some basketball defensive compound skills for young players. In light of the conclusions, the researcher recommends that basketball coaches in the Iraqi league should pay attention to defensive skills, develop special exercises, and pay attention to developing the special endurance of young basketball players

The research aims to prepare exercises in the Barlov style and to identify the preference of these exercises in some physiological indicators and the achievement of 1500m running for young. The researchers used the experimental approach through one equal experimental group with post and pre-test design. The research sample involve ( 16) youth runners from the clubs of the Karbala governorate choosen randomly, and one of the most important research procedures was to determine the measurements of the physiological variables, and the researcher used the parametric statistical methods. The most important conclusions that, the Barlov style exercises contributed to the development of physiological variables (blood oxygen saturation, the percentage of lactic concentration in the blood after effort, the heart rate after the effort, and the achievement of running 1500m). Likewise, the Barlov style exercises clearly contributed to the development of the percentage of oxygen saturation and the percentage of lactic acid concentration in the blood. After the effort and the heart rate after the effort, the Barlov exercises clearly contributed to the development of the achievement of the 1500m running youth. The research recommended the necessity of adopting the exercises prepared in the development of the variables . In addition to the necessity of conducting a study for the use of Barlov exercises on other activities and runs that depend on the production of energy systems using the lactic system (400m, 800m, 1500m, 3000m).