Karbala Journal of Physical Education Sciences

The aim of the research is to prepare skill exercises with dynamic and high intensity lactic lactate in developing performance tolerance and the effectiveness of offensive performance, to identify the effect of skill exercises with dynamic lactic tactics in developing performance endurance and the effectiveness of offensive performance, to identify the effect of skillful exercises with high intensity intervals in developing performance endurance and the effectiveness of offensive performance, And to identify the advantage of differences between research groups in the development of endurance performance and the effectiveness of offensive performance. The research population was determined by the players of Karbala governorate schools of football for futsal at the ages of (15-18) years. (6) players per group. The researchers concluded that the skillful exercises with dynamic lactics had a positive role in developing the performance endurance and the effectiveness of the offensive performance of the players of the futsal education team.

The study aimed to identify the effect of the training method in learning the handball overhead passing and shooting from the jump skills for middle school students. The research hypothesized that the training method has the best effect on learning the handball overhead passing and shooting from the jump skills for middle school students. The researcher used the experimental approach (equal groups design (pre- and post-test). The research population included the outstanding students of the second stage of the middle / high school for girls - Karbala for the academic year (2019-2020), and they numbered (75) students, and the research sample amounted to (60) students, and the data was presented, analyzed, discussed and processed statistically using the spss statistical bag, and through the results The researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is the superiority of the experimental group that used the training method in learning the handball overhead passing and shooting from the jump skills for middle school students over the control group in the post tests

The research aims to prepare skill physical exercises by applying two forms of the hierarchical training method, namely the opposite and the ascending method, and to identify their impact on developing some physical and skill variables among the players represented in the explosive ability and strength characterized by speed, scoring and handling skills. As well as indicating the preference of any of the two forms of the hierarchical method mentioned above in developing the variables under consideration. The researcher assumed that there is a positive effect of the two forms of hierarchical training method on the variables that were discussed, with the preference of the opposite hierarchy over the ascending hierarchy. The sample of the research included Al-Ghadriya Sports Club players who applied for football in the holy governorate of Karbala. The players were divided into three groups, two experimental groups and a control group. While the control group was training in the method approved by the team coach, the first experimental group was trained in the opposite hierarchical method, and the second experimental group was trained in the ascending hierarchical method. In the dimensional results of the groups in favor of the two experimental groups. A significant advantage of the training group in the opposite hierarchical style appeared over the group of the ascending hierarchical method in the variable of strength characterized by speed, while preference was noted for the ascending hierarchical group in the variables of explosive ability, scoring and handling skills.

The research aims to identifying the relationship between speed power and the ball thrust and flight angle of the shooting skill from jumping in handball for advanced players. The researcher used the descriptive approach through correlative relations for its relevance to the nature of the research problem, the sample was chosen in a deliberate way which it consisted of 16 players, who are the players of the Kufa Club who participated in the Premier League for the year 2022. The research concluded that there is a moral significance between the speed power of the arms and the angle of flight for the sample individuals. The study recommended emphasizing the linking of resistance training with skill exercises for hand game, in order to reach a greater benefit from the training.

The study aimed to prepare protective exercises using some auxiliary tools and to identify The effect of protective exercises for the arms in the development of some physical abilities of the national wheelchairs basketball team players. The researchers used the experimental approach by designing one experimental group for its suitability to the nature of the problem to be studied. The research sample was determined by the national team basketball players on wheelchairs, and they were chosen in a deliberate way, and their number was (10) players. The researchers concluded that the protective exercises prepared by the researchers had great effectiveness in developing some physical abilities and that the application of the exercises did not have any negative impact on the national wheelchairs basketball team players.

The aim of the research is to prepare educational units with the cognitive conflict strategy and identifyng its effects in the performance of creativity and overcoming positions of the offside trap for football players aged 15-17 years, and to identify the priority of influence between the cognitive conflict strategy and the method used in the performance of creativity and overcoming positions of the offside trap for football players aged 15-17 years. The researcher used the experimental approach. The sample included the Football Talent Center players, aged 15-17 years. The research concluded that the cognitive conflict strategy and the strategy followed by the coach were effective in increasing the players’ ability to perform performance of creativity and overcoming positions of the offside trap for football players aged 15-17 years. The cognitive conflict strategy showed a significant development for the players of the group experimentation in the performance of performance of creativity and overcoming positions of the offside trap for football players aged 15-17 years

The study aimed to identify the relationship of organizational citizenship behavior with job affiliation among technical supervisors in sports and school activities departments. For the research population, it included the technical supervisors in the sports activity departments (specializing in physical education) in the central and southern regions, (115) supervisors, and their percentage constituted 100% of the total research population. The study procedures, the researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey and relations style for its relevance with the nature of the research, as the researchers distributed the two scales of the study after making the proposed modifications by specialists to the sample of construction and numbers of (100) technical supervisors, which constituted 86.91% of the total research community, and after collecting Results and statistical treatments for the two scales. The researcher concluded that the technical supervisors in the sports activity departments of the central and southern regions enjoy (organizational citizenship behavior) and (job affiliation). The study recommended increasing interest in organizing specialized programs and courses in the field of (organizational citizenship behavior) and the need to provide sports activity departments with benefits and incentives for technical supervisors with outstanding performance

The aim of the research is to an educational program according to the design of the mobile learning environment and its effects in (physical - kinesthetic intelligence) and the accuracy of backhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute), to identify an educational program according to the design of the mobile learning environment and its effects in (physical - kinesthetic intelligence) and the accuracy of backhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute), and identifying the preference of differences between the experimental and control group in in (physical - kinesthetic intelligence) and the accuracy of backhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute). The researchers used the experimental approach the control and experimental groups by designing. The research population included the students of Al-Amal Institute (for the deaf and hard of hearing) in the Karbala governorate, aged (13-15) years, and their number was (21) students. Dividing them into two groups, control and experimental, where each group included (8) students. The researchers concluded that the use of the educational program designed has achieved a remarkable development for (physical - kinesthetic intelligence) and the accuracy of backhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute) in the governorate of Karbala, and the superiority of the members of the experimental group that was applied the educational program on the members of the control group in the post tests. The researchers also recommended the necessity of applying the educational curriculum according to the design of the mobile learning environment in some types of multiple intelligences (physical kinetic intelligence) and the accuracy of backhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute) in all their institutes

The research aims to identify The effect of using cooperative learning strategy throughout peer method in learning some basic handball skills, and to identify the effect of both the cooperative learning strategy throughout peer method and the followed method in learning some basic handball skills for the third stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Sulaymaniyah for the academic year 2021-2022. The researchers used the experimental design with two groups (control and experimental) with tests tribal and dimensional. The research population was chosen deliberately and their number was (30) students, while the research sample was chosen by the systematic random method and it consisted of (10) students for each group and their percentage was (66.66%), the researchers used the statistical bag (spss) to get The results, where some results appeared, including the use of the cooperative learning strategy throughout peer method, which led to an improvement in the level of performance of skills (passing – dribbiling - shooting) in handball to a greater degree than the method followed by the teacher, and the researchers recommend the need for the attention of handball teachers in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences using some basic handball skills

The aim of the research is to prepare exercises through a complex training style (plyometrics - weights) in developing the speed characteristic of the legs and some basic futsal skills of young players, to identify the effect of complex training (plyometrics - weights) in developing the speed characteristic of the legs and some basic futsal skills of young players, and to identify the differences between the results of the pree and post tests and for the control and experimental groups in developing the speed characteristic of the two legs and some basic futsal skills of young players. The researcher used the experimental approach with the design of equivalent groups (control and experimental). The research population was determined by the young players of the Basra Oil Club team, who numbered (22) player. (20) players was selected as a sample. The sample was divided into two groups, a control and an experimental group, which numbered (10) players for each group. The most important conclusions were that the complex training (plyometrics - weights) is of great importance in developing the speed characteristic of the two legs and some basic futsal skills of young players by increasing the required strength. It was recommended to rely on complex training (plyometrics - weights) because of its great importance in developing the speed characteristic of the two men and some basic futsal skills of young players by increasing the required strength

The study aimed to identify agility and its relationship to the shooting from high jumping skill among the handball players in the specialized school, where the researchers hypotheses that there is a significant correlation between agility and the accuracy of the shooting from high jumping skill among the handball players in the specialized school. The researchers used the descriptive approach for its relevance to the nature of the research problem, and the research sample was chosen in a deliberate way, represented by the players of Al-Taawun Sports Club in the Specialized Handball School of in Habbaniyah, who numbered (30) players. The temporal period was for the period from 1/2/2022 to 27/2/2022, after which the tests of the experiment were conducted for the research sample, and the results were drawn, tabulated and processed statistically. The reserchers concloud that the high level of agility positively affects the accuracy of shooting, but the most important thing that researchers recommend is to take advantage of the results of the study by coaches of specialized schools of handball clubs, as well as for coaches to conduct periodic tests for players to determine their physical and skill levels.

The aim of the research is to an educational program according to the design of the mobile learning environment and its effects in (Visual intelligence) and the accuracy of forhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute), to identify an educational program according to the design of the mobile learning environment and its effects in (Visual intelligence) and the accuracy of forhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute), and identifying the preference of differences between the experimental and control group in in (Visual intelligence) and the accuracy of forhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute). The researchers used the experimental approach the control and experimental groups by designing. The research population included the students of Al-Amal Institute (for the deaf and hard of hearing) in the Karbala governorate, aged (13-15) years, and their number was (21) students. Dividing them into two groups, control and experimental, where each group included (8) students. The researchers concluded that the use of the educational program designed has achieved a remarkable development for (Visual intelligence) and the accuracy of forhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute) in the governorate of Karbala, and the superiority of the members of the experimental group that was applied the educational program on the members of the control group in the post tests. The researchers also recommended the necessity of applying the educational curriculum according to the design of the mobile learning environment in (Visual intelligence) and the accuracy of forhand strick performing of Table tennis for students (deaf-mute) in all their institutes.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the scientific stations strategy in learning volleyball underhand serve and serve receive skills for simple disabilities students, and to identify the priority effect between the strategy of scientific stations and the strategies used in volleyball underhand serve and serve receive skills for simple disabilities students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups (control and experimental) with a pre- and post-test, which is what it sees fit and matches the specifications of its research and the achievement of the objectives of its study. The research population included students with simple disabilities at the Imam Hussein Autism Institute in the Holy Karbala governorate, ages (10-12) years for the academic year (2021-2022), and they numbered (150) students, and a sample of (30) students was chosen by the simple random method as a basic experiment sample and formed what (20%) were divided into two groups (control and experimental), which included the control group (15) students and the experimental group (15). In light of the results of the research, the researchers concluded that there is no real difference between a group of normal students and slightly handicapped students with regard to their practice of volleyball. The researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the strategy of scientific stations by teachers at the Institute for People with Simple Disabilities because of its effective role in developing basic volleyball skills.

The research aims to prepare the super set exercises for the single and opposite muscle group for bodybuilders, and to identify the differences between the pre and post tests in some aspects of muscular strength and the humeral circumference of the two research groups, to identify the differences between the post tests in some aspects of muscular strength and humeral circumference in the two research groups. The researcher used the experimental approach, and the research community was determined in a deliberate way of bodybuilding players in the gym (Empire Power Gym) at ages (22-24 years), and they numbered (15) players, and (12) of them were selected as a sample for research, with a percentage of (80). %) of the total population, and they were randomly divided into two experimental groups, (where the first experimental group applies exercises in a superset style to one muscle group of the humeral muscles, and the second experimental group exercises in a superset style to the anti-humeral muscle group), and the duration of the training curriculum was (8) Weeks by (2) training units per week, thus the total number of training units became (16) training units, and the researcher reached the following conclusions: The single muscle group and the anti-humerus had a positive effect in developing the maximum strength and endurance of the arms and the humerus circumference, the second experimental group outperformed the first experimental group in the post test in the investigated variables represented by (the humerus circumference and the maximal strength of the arms).

The study aimed to identify the biokinetic abilities to classify and settle junior football players according to the playing lines and to identify the relationship to the biokinetic abilities to classify and settle junior football players according to the playing lines, and to develop an interactive model for football players according to the lines of play in terms of the biokinetic capabilities, and the research hypotheses were there a relationship between the biokinetic tribes of junior football players according to the playing lines. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method and predictive relationships studies. The research population was the football players in Karbala governorate. The selection of research sample came in a simple random, with a (97) players. The results showed that there are positive significant relationships between the variable (biokinetic abilities).The biokinetic abilities showed that there is an effect of sizes in the classification of junior players according to the playing lines.

The research aims to identify the effect of exercises with a rubber rope dummy device in the throwing grip by holding the arm for free wrestling juniors, and to identify the effect of exercises with a rubber rope dummy device in the balance from standing for free wrestling juniors. The researcher used the experimental approach by designing one group with a test (pre- and post-test) on a sample of (7) wrestlers from Karbala team for free wrestling, junior category, and then exercises were carried out with a proposed device for a period of (6) weeks, with (3) training units per week. Using the repetitive training method, the intensity of the exercises was between (90-95%), and the researcher put several conclusions in the light of the results, including that the exercises with a rubber rope dummy device have a positive effect in the throwing skill by holding the arm and holding the balance from standing for wrestling juniors. Several recommendations were developed, including the use of exercises with a rubber rope dummy device in developing the throwing grip by reserving the arm and the balance grip for the junior and other categories.

The study aimed to identify the visual sports vision to classify and settle junior football players according to the playing lines and to identify the relationship to the visual sports vision to classify and settle junior football players according to the playing lines, and to develop an interactive model for football players according to the lines of play in terms of the visual sports vision, and the research hypotheses were there a relationship between the visual sports vision of junior football players according to the playing lines. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method and predictive relationships studies. The research population was the football players in Karbala governorate. The selection of research sample came in a simple random, with a (97) players. The results showed that there are positive significant relationships between the variable (visual sports vision). The visual sports vision showed that there is an effect of sizes in the classification of junior players according to the playing lines.

The study aimed to identify the visual sports vision to classify and settle junior football players according to the playing lines and to identify the relationship to the visual sports vision to classify and settle junior football players according to the playing lines, and to develop an interactive model for football players according to the lines of play in terms of the visual sports vision, and the research hypotheses were there a relationship between the visual sports vision of junior football players according to the playing lines. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method and predictive relationships studies. The research population was the football players in Karbala governorate. The selection of research sample came in a simple random, with a (97) players. The results showed that there are positive significant relationships between the variable (visual sports vision). The visual sports vision showed that there is an effect of sizes in the classification of junior players according to the playing lines.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the of the scientific stations strategy in life satisfaction and learning volleyball seting skill for simple disabilities students, and to identify the priority effect between the strategy of scientific stations and the strategies used in in life satisfaction and learning volleyball seting skill for simple disabilities students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups (control and experimental) with a pre- and post-test, which is what it sees fit and matches the specifications of its research and the achievement of the objectives of its study. The research population included students with simple disabilities at the Imam Hussein Autism Institute in the Holy Karbala governorate, ages (10-12) years for the academic year (2021-2022), and they numbered (150) students, and a sample of (30) students was chosen by the simple random method as a basic experiment sample and formed what (20%) were divided into two groups (control and experimental), which included the control group (15) students and the experimental group (15). In light of the results of the research, the researchers concluded that there is no real difference between a group of normal students and slightly handicapped students with regard to their practice of volleyball. The researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the strategy of scientific stations by teachers at the Institute for People with Simple Disabilities because of its effective role in learning volleyball seting skill for simple disabilities students

The aim of the research is to prepare rehabilitative exercises for athletics runners with simple partial rupture of the posterior thigh muscle for young people, to identify the effect of rehabilitative exercises in developing range of motion and enzyme activity (CAT) for runners with simple partial rupture of the posterior thigh muscle for youth, the researchers used the experimental design with The control and experimental groups due to its relevance to the nature of the research, and the researchers concluded that the use of rehabilitation exercises had great effectiveness in developing strength and elasticity of the muscles, which led to an increase in the range of motion. The researchers recommended the need to emphasize the use of rehabilitation exercises in all hospitals and physiotherapy centers, awareness should be spread Educating the injured about their injury and the instructions and advice that should be followed, and what to refrain from

The aim of the research is to prepare rehabilitative exercises for athletics runners with simple partial rupture of the posterior thigh muscle for young, to identify the effect of rehabilitative exercises in developing range of motion (SOD)enzyme activity for young athletes with simple partial rupture of the posterior femoral muscle. The researchers used the experimental approach with the control and experimental groups due to its suitability to the nature of the research, and the researchers concluded that the use of rehabilitation exercises had great effectiveness in developing strength and elasticity of the muscles, which led to an increase in the range of motion, and the researchers recommended the need to emphasize the use of rehabilitation exercises in all hospitals and physiotherapy centers, awareness should be spread Educating the injured about their injury and the instructions and advice that should be followed and what to refrain from.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of exercises on the friction mat according to the multiplicity of movements of the working joints in developing the suppression and shooting skills for young futsal players, and to identify the effect of these exercises in developing the suppression and shooting skills for young futsal players. The researchers hypotheses that there are statistically significant differences between the tribal measurements and the dimensionality in developing the suppression and shooting skills for young futsal players. The researchers used the experimental approach. The population represented by the players of Karbala governorate football clubs, which numbered (12) clubs for the sports season (2021-2220 AD). The players were divided into two groups of equal numbers, one experimental and the other a control group. The researchers concluded that training on the friction mat developed the explosive ability of the two legs of the muscles working with The researchers used the experimental approach with the control and experimental groups. The research recommended paying attention to the technical aspects of the movements of the fusal player's body, and knowing the extent of the effect of the correct application, which is related to the level of development of the required strength, its time, and the consuming performance and sense of it.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of (S.A.Q.) training according to the anaerobic system in (CPK-LDH) enzyme and the compound skills of (3×3) basketball players. The researchers using the experimental approach with a pre- and post-test designed (one group) . The research population which numbered (7) players out of (7). The duration of the implementation of the training program took (8) weeks and consisted of (24) training units within (3) units per week. The study concluded that there is an effect of the training curriculum (Sakyo exercises) (CPK-LDH) enzyme and the compound skills of (3×3) basketball players. The researchers recommended the need to use modern methods exercises and exercises (Sakyo) because of their importance to discover what is most important and new in sports training, the use of transitional speed in research according to the players' ability and requirements of the game and study, and the preparation of a training program (Sakio) and its effects on the physical side of the game of basketball and basketball 3 ×3.

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the concept maps strategy in learning and cognitive achievement some basic handball skills for the second intermediate grade students. The research sample was chosen by the intentional method from the original population of (130) students of the second intermediate grade in Al-Rasheed Intermediate School for Boys / Karkh, the people (A, B, and C), and by lottery method, the research sample was selected, represented by Division (C) numbering (44) students and the students who failed and who were exempted were excluded because of a medical report and those who practiced the game. The sample became (40) students and constituted a percentage (30.8%) of the original population. The researcher concluded that the concept maps strategy has an effective positive effect in learning and cognitive achievement, as well as the curriculum used by the researcher has a positive effect in learning and developing the skills under research

The aim of the research is to use an educational curriculum with tactical approaches and small games games in some offensive and defensive handball skills of junior. The researchers used the experimental approach (the experimental and control groups designed) for its suitability to the nature of the problem in order to reach the results of the research. The sample was chosen in a deliberate way, and they are the (30) players of the Sulaymaniyah Sports Club for junior handball players, and they were distributed into two groups. The researchers concluded that the games in some offensive and defensive handball skills of junior for the players of the experimental group. Benefiting from the results of the research and using the tactical approaches (in the case of a quick attack) used when training players. The study recommended making use of the training curriculum prepared by the researcher in building similar curricula to develop the defensive skills of handball players

The importance of the research lies in revealing the role of psychological exhaustion, which is a disorder in response to the pressures that the individual is exposed to, especially the student in the educational institution, which makes him negatively affect his professional life and his relationship with his colleagues, which loses enthusiasm and desire for success and development, which leads to a state of physical and mental exhaustion. the economic; To make the student feel anxious in doing his work and carrying out his duties and the emergence of health, physical, psychological and behavioral complications that prevent him from achieving his goals in various fields. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method for the purpose of preparing the psychological exhaustion scale, as the research community is the male and female students of the preparatory study in the education of Great Hungary, which numbered (2384) male and female students, and the research sample was chosen, numbering (108) male and (130) female. In light of the discussion of these results, the researchers reached the following conclusions: The preparatory school students in the education of the Great Hungary are characterized by psychological exhaustion. The researchers recommended conducting a similar study on middle school students in the General Directorate of Education in Maysan

The aim of the research is to prepare educational units according to the rapid learning learning style in developing the most important basic skills in football among sports talent players in Maysan and to identify the effect of educational units according to the rapid learning learning style in developing the most important basic skills in football among sports talent players in Maysan , as the researcher imposed that there is a positive effect of the educational units in developing the most important basic skills in football among sports talent players in Maysan. The researcher used the experimental approach to suit the nature of the study. The sample of the research were from the players of the Sports Talent Center in football, as well as the educational curriculum continued according to rapid learning and its application to The sample of the study for a period of (8 weeks), with two educational units per week, and the researcher used the appropriate statistical methods through the statistical package program (spss). The most important conclusion that the educational units using rapid learning has a positive impact in the players' learning of football skills, they also touched on the most important recommendations, including the use of exercises according to rapid learning in teaching football skills, as it is a successful and influential method in the learning process.