Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

1

The Morphology and Palynology Study of Dionysia odora Fenzl. (Primulaceae) in Iraqi-Kurdistan

R.H.M.Salih, S. A. Ahmad

Pages: 1-8 English

Abstract

The present research deals with the species Dionysia odora Fenzl.
(synoname:Dionysia michauxii) it covers all its attributed and detailed. The plants are studied
in the college of Agriculture/University of Sulaimaniya Herbarium. The Palynology, Ecology
was given also. The specimens of the plant collected and identified by Saman Abdulrahmad
Ahmad.

Keywords

Dionysia Kurdistan Piramagrun Mountain. Primulaceae Taxonomy

2

Histological Effects of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr+6) on Gills and liver of Gold Fish (Carassius auratus L.)

H. J. Ashur, H. A. Dauod, M. T. Muhaisen

Pages: 1-13 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Histological changes of gills and liver in gold fish (Carassius auratus) which caused
by different concentrations (10, 20, 30 mg/L) of hexavalent chromium have been investigated.
Results of the study revealed some histological changes in gills represented by
hypertrophy of gill lamellae, enlargement of chloride cell, increasing the number of mucous
cells, dilation of blood vessels, infiltration of lymphocytes, congestion in blood vessels,
hyperplasia, hemorrhage and necrosis.
On the other hand the histological changes in liver represented by fatty degeneration,
enlargement of hepatocytes, congestion in central vein, hemorrhage and necrosis, in addition
to the fibrosis in the blood vessels walls. The results showed that the histological changes
were increased with the increasing of concentrations in comparison with control groups.

Keywords

Gills Hexavalent Chromium Live.

3

Serumleptin, Triglycerides, Cholestrol and HdlCholestrol In Non Dlabetic Obese Subjects

M.A. Kassim

Pages: 9-14

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between Serum leptin, Body Mass Index
(BMI), T riglycerides, Cholesterol and HDL- Cholesterol in Non Diabetic Obese subjects comparing with
healthy subject. A 36 male and female Iraqis obese were studied, mean age 50.1, 43.3 years respectively
and 23 healthy subjects. Serum leptin, T riglycerides, Cholesterol and HDL- Cholesterol were measured.
Leptin, T riglycerides, Cholesterol, HDL- Cholesterol and BMI significantly increased in obese males and
females compared with control, but there was no significant difference in HDL- Cholesterol and BMI
when compared between obese males and females. A low significant positive correlation was found
between leptin and HDL- Cholesterol, and no significant difference between leptin and other types of
lipids. The findings suggested that serum leptin concentrat ion topmost in obese subjects with noticeable
effect on lipid metabolism.

Keywords

Lipids Obesity Serum leptin

4

مراتب تصنيفية جديدة من العراق للجنس Scutellaria L. (Labiatae) مع مفتاح لانواعه

Pages: 14-28 English

Full Text Issues

Keywords

labiatae Puberulent Scutellaria albida Scutellum

5

Prevalence and Infection Rate of Three Gizzard Nematodes in the Mallard Anas Platyrhynchos L., 1758 Collected in Al-Diwaniya and Diyala Provinces , Central Iraq

M. K. Mohammad, A. A. Al-Moussawi

Pages: 15-24 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Three nematodes : Amidostomum acutum , Epomidiostomum uncinatum and Hadjelia
truncata , were recovered from the gizzards of wintering mallard collected at two sites in central
Iraq. A brief description of the parasites along with some notes on their infection rate, prevalence
and discussion with the pertinent literature are provided.

Keywords

Amidostomum acutum Anas Platyrhynchos . Epomidiostomum uncinatum gizzard worms Hadjelia truncata Iraq mallard

6

Astudy About Some Physiological Parameters In Smokers

L. H. A. Al-Azzawy, A. G. S. Al-Qaicy

Pages: 25-32 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Smoking has been accepted as a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including
cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cancer, ulcers and osteoporosis. Tobacco
smoke contains many oxidants and free radicals that can cause damage to lipids, proteins,
DNA, carbohydrates and other biomolecules. In vivo, antioxidant nutrients which include
vitamin C, selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) play a crucial role in defending
against oxidant damage. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of
cigarette smoking on serum Zn, Cu ,PCV,W.B.Cs., and BMI. Eighty healthy men (40
smokers and 40 non-smokers) from Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, volunteered to
participate in this study. Two overnight fasting blood samples were collected from all
volunteers. Serum concentrations of trace elements were measured by atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. The statistical method of t-test and ANOVA was used to identify
differences between the cigarette’
s smoker and non-smoker group. Mean body mass
index (BMI) was different for the smoker and non-smoker group. Mean of PCV for
smoker was significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of non-smokers. The mean count of
W.B.Cs., was similar for both smokers and non-smokers The serum zinc levels of
smokers were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of non-smokers. Smokers had
significantly no difference in serum copper concentration compared with non-smokers.

Keywords

Cu PCV smokers W.B.C. Zn

7

Study of Different of Surface Characteristics Between Gram Negative and Positive Bacteria

L.H.Zwein

Pages: 29-37 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study included evaluation of cell surface charge and hydrophobicity of Escherichia
coli, Klebsilla aerogenes, Proteus spp, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Staphylococcus aureus(1) and Staphylococcus aureus(2) were determined by hydrocarbon
adherence and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The results showed that the negative
charge of cell surface of gram negative bacteria was much higher than on gram positive once
when these bacteria were grown on nutrient agar at 37 c for 18 h . E.coli was more negative
charged than Klebsilla aerogenes and Proteus spp. The hydrophobicity of gram positive bacteria
was much higher than of gram negative once, and S. epidermidis was more than S. aureus(1)
B.cereus. and S.aureus (2) . The hydrophobic characteristics was quite different when these
bacteria were grown on nutrient broth in comparison with nutrient ager. However the
hydrophobic character was lower in non-capsulated and sporalated bacteria than the capsulated
and sporalated at 48 h.

Keywords

bacteria Hydrophobic media Negative Charge .

8

Effect of GA3 on Growth and Some Physiological Characterizes in Carrot Plant (Daucus Carota L.)

E. D. Abbas

Pages: 33-39 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This experiment was carried out in the field of researches in Kalar Technical Institute
/ Field crop dept. The aim of the research is to study the effect of foliar sprays of different
concentrations of Gibberellic acid on growth and some physiological characterizes in Carrot
plant (local white cultivar). The experiment treatments included three concentrations of
Gibberellic acid (0, 50 and 100 ppm) and were carried out as applicable agricultural project
(3×4). And the results were recorded as follows:
In using the Gibberellic acid concentration at (50 ppm) led to increase significantly the
studied characteristics particularly plant height cm, number of branch/ plant, number of
flower/ plant, shoot fresh weight (gm), fresh weight of biological weight gm/plant, shoot dry
weight (gm), dry weight of biological weight gm/plant, chlorophyll content (µg/cm2), when
compared with the other concentrations levels and controlling plants. And GA3 decreases
significantly some of the studied characteristics as root fresh weight (gm), root dry weight
(gm) and soluble carbohydrate which that compared with the controlling plants.

Keywords

Daucus carota Gibberelic acid. Plant Physiology

9

تأثیر خمیرة الخبز SaccharomycesCerevrsiae وبكتیریا Fusarium Sp. الفطرفي نمو Lactobacillus Plantarum

Pages: 38-47 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

اظهر عمالاست راشح خمیرة الخبز الجافة cerevisiae Saccharomyces قدرة على تثبیط نمو
رالفط .sp Fusarium) لدى تنمیتها في وسط السابروید السائل وبتراكیز مختلفة 1،3،5 وظهر أعلى تثبیط لقطر % )
(رة الفطر مستعم 24.5 تركیز عمالملم عند أست) 5 (في وسط % PDA) مقارنة مع معاملة السیطرة ) 36.5 وفي الیوم ملم )
من الحضن السابع . راشح عزلة بكتیریا حامض اللاكتیك عمالعند است plantarum Lactobacillus بالخلط مع الوسط
ً (الزرعي PDA تجاه فطر )
ً لوحظ تأثیرا spp Fusarium ا أعلى من الر ً تثبیطا
اشح وقد تم تركیز راشح العزلة وأعطى تأثیر
(بكتیریا حامض اللاكتیك في وسط مع خمیرة الخبز تم تنمیة.غیر المركز تجاه الفطر نفسه GYE زمنیة مددالسائل ول)
( 48, 2472, ضد فطر الناتج راشح للالفعالیة التثبیطیة اختبرتساعة، وقد ) Fusarium اظهرت یثح ذإ، مدة سبعة أیام
(بعد نموالفطر النتائج تثبیط 48،72 .من الحضانة س

Keywords

Fusarium sp. على تأثیر ، Lactobacillus plantarum ،Saccharomyces cerevisiae

10

Effect of Yogurt and Bifidobacterium on Cryptosporidium parvum Infection In Experiential Infected Mice

S.T. Mohammed, K. Jabur, H.A. Aja

Pages: 40-48 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study aimed to collected 150 feces sample from calves suffering sever diarrhea
,then there were isolation and purification of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst from samples
contain it. These oocysts were used to induce experimental infection in the
Immunosupperessed mice, then the mice treated by Bifidium bacteria , its supernatant and
local yogurt were used for bacterial isolation.
This study showed that the local yogurt was the best treatment which led to stop oocyst
shedding from the mice in the 8th day after treatment under sufficient treatment (89.72%) , at
the same time the mice treated with bacteria stopped the oocyst shedding in the 9th day with
sufficient treatment (81.40 %) , while its supernatant were stopped the oocysts shedding in the
10th day with sufficient treatment (43.4%).

Keywords

Cryptosporidium parvum - Bifidobacteria - Lactobacilli - probiotic .

11

دراسة تاثیر تراكیز متباینة من المستخلص المائي للنعناعspicata Mentha التراكیب النسجیة لرئات في الفئران البيض

شذى محمود حسن

Pages: 48-55 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

رئات الفئران هو البحث ان هدف
(عینة الدراسة شملت. البیض ومعرفة التركیز الامثل الذي عند تناوله لا یحدث تغیرات جانبیة 24 بعمر رآفأرا ابیضا ذك)
حوالي 3 جرعت فئران . ربع مجامیع ضمت كل مجموعة ستة فئرانألى قسمت الحیوانات بصورة عشوائیة ع. اشهر
المجموعة الاولى والثانیة والثالثة یومیا ولمدة سبعة ایام متتالیة بواحد مللیلتر من المستخلص المائي للنعناع بتراكیز
3 %، 5 %، 10 فجرعت بواحد مللیلتر ماء مقطر ) مجموعة التحكم (اما فئران المجموعة الرابعة . ماء مقطر على التوالي %
الحیوانات بأستعمال الخلع العنقي ثم شرحت الحیوانات مباشرة وأستؤصلت توفي الیوم الثامن قتل نفسها طریقة التجریعبو
(الرئتان ووضعت مباشرة في مثبت الفورمالین 10 اشارت نتائج الفحص النسجي لرئات . ضیر الشرائح المجهریة لتح%)
الحیوانات التجریبیة الى ان تركیز 10 ماء مقطر له تأثیرات سلبیة شدیدة في نسیج الرئة اكثر من التركیزین %
3 %، 5 زیادة في حجم الاسناخ الرئویة النتائج ظهرتا اذماء مقطر % alveoli واحتقان ،وتمزق جدرانها، واتساعها
نابیب الشعریة الرئویةالا capillaries alveolar الاسناخ الرئویة وجدرانها بالخلایا الالتهابیة،وارتشاح inflammatory
cells فضلا عن ارتشاح جدران تفرعات القصیبة النهائیة bronchiol terminal بالخلایا الالتهابیة
وتنكسdegeneration غالبیةالنسیج الظهاري tissue epithelial .

Keywords

تراكیب نسجیة. رئات الفئران البیض . النعناع

12

تراكیب النسجیة لرئات الفئران البيضMentha spicata دراسة تاثیر تراكیز متباینة من المستخلص المائي للنعناع

شذى محمود حسن

Pages: 48-55 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

المقدمة
ن المستخلص المائي للنعناع إ Spearmint ینتمي الى العائلة النباتیة الشفویة واسمه العلمي [ L spicata Mentha
. [1,2,3
لاغراض الطبیةتعد الاوراق وقمم الازهار الجزء النباتي المستعمل ل [4] له تأثیرات في العضلات الملساء إذ إذ
یؤدي الى ارتخائها مما قد یغیر في فعالیة انزیمات المایتوكوندریا الموجودة بكثرة في العضلات الملساء وبهذا یؤثر ایضا
في ارتخاء القصبات الهوائیة وتفرعاتها لاحتوائها على الیاف عضلیة ملساء [5 ] تي یحتوي علیها نبات من اهم المواد ال.
النعناع هو الزیت الطیار oil Volatile ] 3[ویحوي على الكارفون Carvone حوالي %55 [ 6 ] وكذلك یحتوي
الاسترات
والتربینات واحماض فینولیة وعلى المنثول والمنثون[ 2] ذلك یحتوي على مواد دباغیة وك [ 4] وللنعناع تأثیرات طاردة .
تشیر بعض الدراسات الى امكانیة استعماله . للغازات ومضادة للتشجنات
لیست هناك مخاطر صحیة معروفة للنعناع عند اخذه بكمیات معتدلة . لمعالجة الاسهال والربو والتهاب القصبات الهوائیة
[ 3] .عرفة التركیز الامثل الذي عند تناوله لایحدث تأثیرات جانبیةلذلك كان هدف الدراسة م.

Keywords

تراكیب نسجیة. رئات الفئران البیض . النعناع

13

Evaluation of Thermal Reactor Fission Products Cross Sections

M. N. Sarsam

Pages: 49-63 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The production of fission products during reactor operation has a very important effect on
reactor reactivity .Results of neutron cross section evaluations are presented for the main product
nuclides considered as being the most important for reactor calculation and burn-up
consideration . Data from the main international libraries considered as containing the most upto-date nuclear data and the latest experimental measurements are considered in the evaluation
processes, we describe the evaluated cross sections of the fission product nuclides by making
inter comparison of the data and point out the discrepancies among libraries.

Keywords

Absorption Cross-Sections Fission Products Fission Yields. International Data Base Library Nuclear Reactors

14

تأثیر ثلاث مواد حافظة من أثر التجمید مقارنة Cryoprotectants في نمو صغار أسماك الكارب الاعتیادي .L carpio Cyprinus بعد الفقس

محسن جواد كاظم, أسماء سامي إبراهیم, رافد حسین, نمير محمود حلمي

Pages: 56-63 English

Full Text Issues

15

Calculate of the Rate Constant of Electron Transfer in TiO2 – Safranine Dye System

H.J.M.Al-Agealy, M.A.Hassooni

Pages: 64-77 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A theoretical calculations of the rate constant of electron transfer (ET) in a dye –
semiconductor system with variety solvent are applied on system contains safranineT dye with
TiO2 in many solvents like water, 1-propanol, Formamide, Acetonitrile and Ethanol.
A matlap program has been written to evaluate many parameters such that, the solvent
reorganization energy, effective free energy, activation free energy, coupling matrix element and
the rate constant of electron transfer.
The results of the rate constant of electron transfer calculated theoretically are in a good
agreement with experimental and theoretical values of other research.

Keywords

dye-semiconductor Electron transfer quantum mechanical theory

16

Acut Effect of sodium chlorid on the crustacean Acanthocyclops bicuspidatus (Claus) (Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

S.F. Bassat, SH. A.R. Sadeq

Pages: 64-70 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The present study deals with the effect of acute exposure of different salt
concentrations of NaCl on male and female of A. bicuspidatus,
which belongs to Class Copepoda, Order Cyclopoida by calculating lethal
concentration killing 50% (LC50), lethal concentration killing 100% (LC100) and
safe concentration (LC0).
The results showed that LC50 values were 3.80ppt, 2.75ppt and 2.29 ppt for
males during 24,48 and 72 hrs. exposure respectively while LC50 values were
2.45ppt, 2.18ppt and 1.77ppt for females for the same periods of exposure.
The lethal concentration (LC100) values were 5ppt for males and 4ppt for
females for 24hrs. exposure. On the other hand the safe concentration (LC0) was
1ppt for both males and females for the same periods of exposure.

17

Effect of Different planting Date and Variety in Some Yield Characteristics of The wheat Plant Triticum Astivum L.

R.W.Mahmood

Pages: 71-77 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Biological experiment was conducted in the botanical garden of the College of
Education / Ibn AL- Haitham during the growing season 2006 – 2007 using pots filled with
5kg soil,to determine the impact different date planting and variety in some yield components
of wheat plant Triticum astivum L.
Two varieties of Triticum astivum L. IPA 99 and Abu- Ghraib, were cultivated in 4th, 25th of
November and 9th of December. The experiment was designed according to C.R.D. by two
replicates.
Results indicated that plants planted on 4th November gave highest values for own
length 5.32cm, neck length 10.38cm, seed weight 0.09gm and number of spike let / spike,
while the plants planted on 25th November gave lowest values for own length 4.46cm, neck
length 7.92cm and seed weight 0.07gm.
Data showed superiority of IPA 99 on Abu- Grab in own length is gave 5.10cm on the
other hand Abu- Grab showed superiority on IPA 99 in neck length, it gave 11.36cm.

Keywords

Abu-Ghraib IPA99 p lanting Date Wheat

18

A New Design of Fractal Optical Modulation

A. A .Mohammad, K.H. Harby, T. A. K. Al-Aish

Pages: 78-92 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this paper it was designed a new fractal optical modulation by using a new iteration
of fractal function, the result was analyzed by MTF evaluation, and it compared with results
of normal optical modulation.
The normal and fractal optical modulator is a circular disc which has a radius R=9cm,
both of them consist of twenty sectors, ten sectors are opaque and the other ten sectors are
transmitted for the light.
The fractal optical modulator contains two patterns, the pattern two can be used to detect
the target, and pattern one can be used to lock the target
The best similarity of MTF behavior for normal and fractal Reticle was evaluating the
power transparent depends on the size of the laser spot and the size of the sector, where the
proportionality between them is directly.

Keywords

Chopping frequency Fractal Optical Modulator The Modulation Transfer Function MTF

19

A Studyof The Physicochemical Characteristics of Selected Wells of AL-Migdadiyah Town – Dyala/Iraq

T. M. Ibrahim

Pages: 78-90 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Physicochemical characteristics of groundwater in AL-Miqdadiyah town were studied
by taking random water samples from six differents wells from July to December 2010. The
results were compared with the international standards for drinking-water of WHO and FAO
and the iraqian limits . Fourteen parameters were analysed. It was found that most of studied
wells waters in the allowed limits for drinking water . Except W1 & W2 which had the hight
values of turbidity during summer season only . The present study showed clear differents
between winter & summer values in (turbidity , TDS , Cl-
, NO2 and Na) . While the
remaining characteristics showed exiguous differences in the same period .Although , the
most of results refer to the parameters with in prescribed limit of water quality for drinking
purpose but the presence of Na ,Mg and Ca ions in addition to the total hardness which
considered dangerous health indicator mast attention to select the suitable treatment methods
and special health studies on the population which used these waters for different purposes

Keywords

Groundwater physicochemical characteristics Wells

20

دراسة خواص العزل الكهربائي لنماذج سيراميكية محضرة من الالومينا واوكسيد المغنيسيوم

S. A. Maki, Z. T. Al-Dahan, Sh. K. Abd Al-Hassan

Pages: 91-96 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A study carried out on ceramic material made at (-Al2O3) doped with MgO (0.5 , 0.3
, 0.2,0.1)%,with particle size at 63m.
A Hydraulic press of 5kn at diameter of 2cm.A nnalelling at 1500Co
and 6 hrs still to see the
effect on the changes of the dielectric material. With frequency range at (1K – 1M ) Hz. And
the result show that at percentage of 0.5% of MgO, the real dielectric material decreased with
the increased frequency.

Keywords

Alumina dielectrical of ceramic Electrical properties

21

Reduction Gaussian Noise of Speech Sound n Signals Using Technical Mean Digital filter Traditional and Enhanced

S. S. Salman

Pages: 93-109 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Many techniques concerning processes of verbal audio signal were examined aiming to eliminate noise, amelioration and analysis. Imitation for Collective Gaussian Noise using a computer software for different situations of standard deviation of noise (g =1,2 ….10) and with zero average. This noise was added collectively to verbal signal components, audio signals impure with noise were processed by using mean filter and statistical properties of signals resulted from process in order to determine the quality of signal and filter efficiency. Notably, process leads to lose some significant features of audio signal. Therefore, filter was ameliorated by adding some additional conditions to the components under process in order to keep the significant features of signal. Audio signals impure with noise were processed by using the ameliorated Mean filter and then examining the statistical properties resulted from process. Ameliorated version of Mean filter made good results in improving signal impure with noise. Changes on pure signals were examined through statistical standard i.e. [Mean µ, standard deviation, Mean Square Error MSE] of impure, pure and ameliorated signals. Great amelioration was noticed in these characteristics along with keeping significant and distinguishing features of audio signal.

Keywords

Distortion of signals Gaussian noise Mean Filter smoothing audio sound .

22

Effects of Emmersion in Boiling Water on Stress- Strain Test for Novolac Composite

H, S. Mahmood, A, R. Abdul- Majeed

Pages: 97-102 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The study of Stress- Strain relation for novolac reinforced by qujurate plant was carried
out before and after the immersing in boiled water at 100C0
. It was found that the
compression strength and surface hardness decreased when the composites immersed in
boiled water for long times.

Keywords

Mechanical Properties Novolac composites

23

The Measurewerment of Electromagnetic Wave Emetted from Home Appliance by Millgauss Meter

N. R. Sharif

Pages: 103-109 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The appliance of Milligauss meter was designed to measure the induce of electromagnatic field for home appliance especially TV. , moniter screen and the rest of them .And through the use of this appliance ,we have found an increase in the reading of the electromagnatic field for near distances (less than 0.5 m) clearly from the appliance in comparision with the levels of risk for being in touch which is much more less than this reading ,while the reading of the electomacnatic field for the appliances which are far than one meter is less,that is less than 4 milligauss .And this is in an agreement with the level of risk for being in touch with electromagnatic waves.

Keywords

Electromagnetic waves M icrowaves millgauss meter.

24

Electronic Transitions for the Thin Films of ZnO Prepared by Thermal Oxidation Method

S. J. Attia

Pages: 110-121 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

ZnO thin films were prepared by using the rapid thermal oxidation technique.
Oxidation of evaporated Zn was carried out by using hot plate at a temperature of 350°C for
five minutes to obtain the best oxidation for Zn films which sedimented on cover slides. The
thickness of film is 0.84 micron and the pressure of evaporating system is 10 -5 torr. From
spectral data of transmittance and absorbance at 300-900 nm, it was found that the direct and
indirect band gap is 2.50 eV , 2.45 eV respectively.

Keywords

Band gap Electronic transitions Rapid thermal oxidation

25

Synthesis and Characterization of New Symmetrical Pyromellitdiimide Derivatives and Their Amic Acids

E. T. Ali, K. M. Lazim AL-Aliawy, J. H. Tomma

Pages: 110-121

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The new symmetry pyromellitdiimide [VII]a-c,n were synthesized by two-step
reactions from the corresponding pyromellitic dianhydride . A new symmetrical amic acid
[VI]a-c,n was synthesized by the reaction of pyromellitic dianhydride with different
heterocyclic amines in dry acetone . The second reaction step includes intramolecular
cyclization of amic acid in the presence of sodium acetate -acetic anhydride system at 850
C.
Structures of the synthesized compounds have been ascertained by their melting points ,
C.H.N analysis , UV-Vis, FTIR and 1
HNMR spectroscopy.

Keywords

Pyromellitamic diacid Pyromellitdiimide pyromellitic dianhydride

26

The Influence of the Temperature and Saturation Ratio on the Values of Critical Radius and Free Surface Energyfor Cloud Droplet

S. A. Razaq, N. T.Ibrahim

Pages: 122-129 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The values of the critical radius were calculated for different temperatures, which simulate the
temperatures of the warm clouds, and for different saturation ratios. The results showed that the
critical radius is inversely proportional with temperature. Also, the results indicate that the critical
radius decreases with the increase of the saturat ion ratio. This means that when the saturat ion ratio is
large, large numbers of clouds droplets have a chance t o grow and vice versa. T he change in free
energy function was also calculated because it has an important effect of the growth or evaporation
rates of the droplet. The results illustrated that as the droplet grows larger, the smaller amount of
energy is required to overcome the surface tension. The free energy in the case of saturation is
relatively smaller than the energy of the super saturation.
The aim of this research is to study the processes of cloud formation and growth by water
diffusion and the effect of temperature and saturation ration on the critical radius and free energy for
the droplet surface. The critical radius is considered as the boundary between the growth and decay of
the droplet. The value of the critical radius depends on the temperature and the saturation ratio, and the
relation. The critical radius is inversely proportional with both temperature and saturation ratio. This
research could be applied in the experimental work concerning cloud physics using the cooling
chamber .

Keywords

Cloud drops Clouds Critical diameter

27

Evaluation of Copper , Zinc , Manganese , and Magnesium Levels in Newborn Jaundice in Baghdad

E. J. Hasan

Pages: 130-136 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Trace elements concentrations are frequently reported to be a good indicator for
diagnosis and prognosis of some disease. The levels of copper, zinc, manganese, and
magnesium were measured in serum of two group. Group one contains (52) newborn jaundice
patients while the second group contains (20) healthy newborn used as controls.
In this study the concentration of Cu, Zn, Mg, and Mn were measured using atomic
absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). It has been found that zinc level is significantly lower
in newborn jaundice patients compared with normal subjects at (p<0.05) , also the level of Cu,
Mg, and Mn were significantly higher in newborn jaundice compared with control group.

Keywords

aundice; Zinc; Copper; Magnesium; Manganese

28

Solvent Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Determination Total Phenolic Content from Teucrium Polium Plant

M. M.Khudair,, S. A.H. Al-Ameri, S. Abbas, A. Najim, K. Daba, N. Abid, A.Tarik

Pages: 130-140 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A direct solvent extraction was used for the determination of phenolic compounds from
Teucrium polium . Methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, butanol and D.W were used as an
extractants and study the affecting extraction factors including : the type and solvent
concentration, temperature, extraction time and number of batch extraction, by using Folinciocalteu method to determine the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and measurement of the
absorbance at λmax 765nm. The accuracy and precision of this method were determined by
preparing laboratory samples of Gallic acid , the results showed relative errors ranging from
±0.5 – 1.49 % and the standard deviation equal to 1.294 and the relative standard deviation
did not exceed 0.71 %, the standard deviation of the mean was 0.647 and relative standard
deviation of the mean was equal to 0.353% . The results showed that the highest extraction
was obtained equals to 97% by methanol followed by ethanol and D.W., especially when the
extraction takes place with 100% concentration , at 8 hr extraction time at room temperature
with two extraction batches. This method was applied under the optimized experimental
condition found in this work for two Iraqi local life samples from Kut and Dehouk , the
total phenolic content measurements were found to be equal to 183.250 and 236.991 mg/ g
of dry Teucrium polium plant stem and 129.214 and 101.022 mg/g of dry Teucrium polium
plant for Kut and Dehouk samples respectively .

Keywords

Folin-Ciocalteu solvent extraction. Teucrium polium total phenolic content

29

Evaluation Interleukin ─ 8 and High Sensitivity C - Reactive Protein in Sera of Control Group and Human Female Patients with Osteoarthritis Nodal in Iraqi's Patients

B. H. AL-Wihaly

Pages: 137-142 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The present study conducted on 30 female patients with osteoarthritis OA a attending
Baghdad teaching hospital, in addition to 30 healthy females, all subjects were (35-65) year's
old .Parameters were measured in the sera of patients group and healthy groups were
interleukin -8 (IL-8) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).The results revealed a
higher significant in all parameters of patients sera compared to healthy groups. Conclusion
was obtained that IL-8 and hs- CRP were a markers or player inflammatory disease like
osteoarthritis nodal

Keywords

High sensitivity CRP(hs-CRP) Interleukin -8(IL-8) Osteoarthritis

30

On The Modified Divergence Information Criterion

J. A. Naser

Pages: 141-155 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this work (paper), we investigate about the robustness of the modified divergence
Information Criterion (MDIC), which proposed by Mantalos, Mattheou and Karagrigoriou
(2008), to determine the probability of the Criterion picking up the true lag for Autoregressive
process, when the error term of this process is normally and Non normally distributed. We
obtained the results for different sample sizes by using simulation.

Keywords

Autoregressive process Least Squares Estimation MDIC.

31

Antibacterial Activity of Calendula Officinalis Flowers In Vitro

M.N. Hamad, H.J. Mohammed, M.A. Merdaw

Pages: 143-149 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Flower samples of Calendula officinalis were collected from the gardens of the college
of Pharmacy in Baghdad city to examine their antibacterial activity .The effect of ethanol
crude extract of petals and reproductive parts of flowers in different concentrations were
obtained and bioassayed in vitro for its bioactivity to inhibit the growth of eight types of
bacteria .The extracts of petals part were clearly superior for all bacteria especially the
bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (inhibition zone was 25mm in the concentration 100mg/ml)
from gram negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zone was 14mm in the
concentration 50mg/ml) from gram positive bacteria, while the extracts of reproductive parts
were less effective than petals part. These results confirm the antibacterial activity of
Calendula officinalis flowers and support the traditional use of the plant in the therapy of
bacterial infection.

Keywords

Antibacterial Activity petals part reproductive parts

32

Synthesis and Characterisation of a Novel 2,3-O-di Acetyl5,6-O-Benzylidene - L -Ascorbic Acid and its Complexes of Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II)

I. Sh. Abdul Razzaq Al - Kadi

Pages: 150-167 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A new ligand type (O2) [2,3-O-diacetyl-5,6-O-benzylidene L- ascorbic acid] [L] and its
complexes of general formula [M(L)2(X)(Y)]Cln (where: M=CrIII ,X=Y=H2O, n=3; CoII, X = Y =
0, n= 2; NiII andCuII, X = Cl, Y = H2O, n= 1; ZnII, X = Y = H2O,n = 2) are reported. The ligand
was prepared in two steps; first step involved the synthesis of [5,6-O-benzylidene-L-ascorbic
acid] (A). In second step derivative-A was then reacted with acetyl chloride and anhydrous
pyridine as a base to give the titled ligand. Metal complexes of the ligand with CrIII,CoII,NiII,CuII
and ZnII were synthesised by direct reaction of the corresponding metal chloride with the
ligand[L] in a 2L:1M mole ratio. The ligand and its complexes were characterised by
spectroscopic methods 1
H NM R, FTIR, (UV-Vis), atomic absorption, microanalyses, chloride
content, melting point and conductance measurements . These studies revealed that the geometry
about CrIII, NiII,CuII and ZnII is octahedral while the complex of CoII adopts a tetrahedral
geometry.

Keywords

Anticancer effect. Benzylidene ester L-Ascorbic acid Metal Ascorbate Complexes

33

The Spectrophotometric Determination of Samarium (III) With (l-2(2-Benzoinidazoly-AZO)-2-Hydroxy-3- Naphthoic Acid

A.S. Hammodi

Pages: 168-178 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Samarium(III) ions react with (l-2(2-benzoinidazolyl-azo)-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid
in basic medium (pH = 8.0) forms a red-orange complex at A.max (550nm). The complex was
found to be stable for at least 48 hrs. at the given pH. The apparent molar absorptivity is
7776.77 L.mol-1.Cm-1 and a linear calibration curve is obtained in the range (0.639x 10-5M -
6.350x 10 -5M).
The stoichiometry of complex was confirmed by using mole ratio method which
indicated that ratio of reagent to metal is 3:1.
The effects of the presence of different cations and anions as interferences in the
determination of samarium(III) under the given conditions were investigated.

34

Spectrophotometric Determination of Ketotifen Fumarate in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preperations by Bromophenol Blue Reagent

O. S. Al-Khazrajy

Pages: 168-178 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

A spectrophotometric reliable, rapid and sensitive method has been developed and
validated for the determination Ketotifen fumarate . A method was described for the
determination of Ketotifen Fumarate in pure form or pharmaceutical formulations, a colored
ion-pair complex formation reaction among ketotifen fumarate and acid-dye bromophenol
blue at pH 3.0 was used for the colorimetric determination of the drug. The complex formed
was extracted into chloroform and the maximum absorbance of the solution was measured at
413 nm against blank. The calibration curve calculated obey Beer's law over the concentration
range of 0.4-16 μg/ml and the regression equation was A=0.069x+0.036 (R2
=0.998). The
recovery of the drug from a commercial tablet was 100.66-104.26 % of the label claim with a
relative standard deviation of 0.867-1.472 %. The Sandell sensitivity values, limits of
detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values have also been reported. No
interference was observed from common excipients present in pharmaceutical formulations.

Keywords

bromophenol blue ion-pair complex Ketotifen fumarate Spectrophotometry

35

Preparation of Tin Using Wet Method

N.W. Kasscr, M.N. Al-Mukhtar, A. A. Jaralla, H. Hadi

Pages: 179-190 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The preparation of tin metal from stannous chloride solution by wet method in the presence of
aluminum powder as a reducing agent is studied. The preparation is commenced through a
reduction step in the presence of reducing agent followed by smelting step at elevated
temperature in a programmable electrical furnace. In the reduction step, preliminary experiments
are conducted to study the effect of initial acidity, time of addition of the aluminum powder and
excess amount of reducing agent on the conversion of stannous to tin metal. Three different
parameters are studied through smelting step, these are : heating rate, temperature and residence
time.
To characterize the product, different instrumental analyses are used:
- X-ray diffraction to check the existence of tin after reduction step in the agglomerates and the
existence of tin oxide after smelting step and in the remaining slag.
- Atomic absorption to determine the quantity of tin in the agglomerates after reduction step.
- Diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC) for identification.
- Electron scanning to study the effect of smelting step variables on the crystal structure of the
prepared tin.
Reasonably between the three studied variables, only temperature shows a significant influence
on the productivity of tin. Studying the crystal structure of the produced tin confirms the
enormous effect of temperature on the shape and size of grain structure.

Keywords

Aluminum powder Stannous chloride Tin

36

The Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Some Spices in Growth of E. coli O157:H7 in Minced Beef

J. A. S. Salman, G. M. Khalil, R. A. Abdul-Razaq

Pages: 191-199 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum was ◌ٍstudied against Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in minced beef , as well as the effect of some Spices ( Garlic , Cloves and Black
Pepper ) was studied against this bacteria . Plate count method was used to estimate the viable
cells of E. coli O157:H7 in the treated meat samples for incubation periods( 0 , 24 and 48) h.
Results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum had inhibitory effect against E. coli
O157:H7 , when reducing the number of cells after 24, 48 h., and reached to Zero after (24) h.
As well as Spices in this study had inhibitory activity against E. coli O157:H7 .Garlic had the
highest inhibitory effect compared with Cloves and Black Pepper.
The synergistic inhibitory effect of the combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and Spices
( Garlic , Cloves and Black Pepper ) separately were studied against E. coli O157:H7 in the
minced beef using the same method of counting .
Results showed that the combination of Lactobacillus plantarum and spices had a
synergistic inhibitory effect against E. coli O157:H7. The synergistic Inhibitory effect of
Lactobacillus plantarum and garlic in (24)h. incubation period was higher than the effect of
other spices.

37

Inhibitory Effect of Synthesized Acridone Derivatives Containing 1, 3, 4 –Thiadiazole on Cholesterol Enzymatic Activity

I. B. Raoof

Pages: 191-199 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Synthesis of Diphenylamine-2, 4`-dicarboxylic acid {1}, 9(10H)-Acridone-2-carboxylic
acid {2}, 2-[5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-9(10H)-acridone {3}. Synthesized compounds
were identified using spectral (FTIR, UV) .The results were discussed and found in agreement
with the suggested structures.
Ten samples were collected from normal and patients with atherosclerosis and then
addition of 50μl of 2-[5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-9(10H)-acridone to serum of patients
with atherosclerosis in Al-Kadimia teaching hospital, diagnosis was established depending on
clinical technique.
The study showed inhibition effect of the synthesized compounds on cholesterol level of
patients using addition of 50μl of 2-[5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-9(10H)-acridone to
patients that means the above compound work as inhibitor of cholesterol level.

Keywords

2-[5-amino-1 3 4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-9(10H)-acridone Cholesterol Enzymatic activity

38

Some Results on The Complete Arcs in Three Dimensional Projective Space Over Galois Field

A.SH. Al- Mukhtar

Pages: 200-206 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to introduce the definition of projective 3-space over Galois field
GF(q), q = pm
, for some prime number p and some integer m.
Also the definitions of (k,n)-arcs, complete arcs, n-secants, the index of the point and the
projectively equivalent arcs are given.
Moreover some theorems about these notations are proved.

Keywords

arcs Index plane.

39

Extend Differential Transform Methods for Solving Differential Equations with Multiple Delay

Gh. J. Mohammed,, F.S. Fadhel

Pages: 207-216 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this paper, we present an approximate analytical and numerical solutions for the
differential equations with multiple delay using the extend differential transform method
(DTM). This method is used to solve many linear and non linear problems.

Keywords

(differential transform method multiple delay). solving differential equation

40

Essentially Quasi-Invertible Submodules and Essentially Quasi-Dedekind Modules

I.M-A Hadi, Th. Y. Ghawi

Pages: 217-228 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Let R be a commutative ring with identity . In this paper we study the concepts of
essentially quasi-invertible submodules and essentially quasi-Dedekind modules as a
generalization of quasi-invertible submodules and quasi-Dedekind modules . Among the
results that we obtain is the following : M is an essentially quasi-Dedekind module if and
only if M is aK-nonsingular module,where a module M is K-nonsingular if, for each
MEndf )(  R , Kerf ≤e M implies f = 0 .

Keywords

Essentially quasi-Dedekind Modules . Essentially quasi-invertible submodules

41

Pi-Generalized b- Closed Sets in Topological Spaces

A. K. Al-Obiadi

Pages: 229-237 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this paper we introduce a new class of sets called -  generalized b- closed (briefly  gb
closed) sets. We study some of its basic properties. This class of sets is strictly placed between
the class of  gp- closed sets and the class of  gsp- closed sets. Further the notion of  b2
T1 space is introduced and studied.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 54A05

Keywords

b- open set regular open set  -generalized b- closed set.

42

Approximations of Entire Functions in Locally Global Norms

S.K.Jassim, N.J.Mohamed

Pages: 238-243 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the error of the approximation of an entire
function by some discrete operators in locally global quasi-norms (L,p-space), we intend to
establish new theorems concerning that Jackson polynomial and Valee-Poussin operator
remain within the same bounds as bounded and periodic entire function in locally global
norms (L,p), (0 < p  1).

Keywords

bounded masurable functions entire functions quasi-normed space.

43

Using Semi-Analytic Method to Decreasing Dangers of Lead

L. N. M. Tawfiq, M. N. M.Tawfiq

Pages: 244-253 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present a method for solving of system of first order initial
value problems of ordinary differential equation by a semi-analytic technique with
constructing polynomial solutions for decreasing dangers of lead. The original problem is
concerned using two-point osculatory interpolation with the fit equals numbers of derivatives
at the end points of an interval [0 , 1].

Keywords

Initial Value Problem Osculator interpolation

44

On Pairwise Semi-p-separation Axioms in Bitopological Spaces

R. N.Majeed

Pages: 254-262 English

Full Text Issues

45

Annsemimaximal and Coannsemimaximal Modules

I. M.A.Hadi, H. Y. Khalaf

Pages: 263-273 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Some authors studied modules with annihilator of every nonzero submodule is prime,
primary or maximal. In this paper, we introduce and study annsemimaximal and
coannsemimaximal modules, where an R-module M is called annsemimaximal (resp.
coannsemimaximal) if annRN (resp. R
M
ann
N ) is semimaximal ideal of R for each nonzero
submodule N of M .

Keywords

Annsemimaximal module Artinian module coannsemimaximal module. coprime module F-regular module flat module max-module semiprime module semisimple module semisimple ring uniform module Z-regular module

46

(sigma,tao)- Strongly Derivations Pairs on Rings

I. A. Saed

Pages: 274-282 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Let R be an associative ring. In this paper we present the definition of (,)- Strongly
derivation pair and Jordan (,)- strongly derivation pair on a ring R, and study the relation
between them. Also, we study prime rings, semiprime rings, and rings that have commutator
left nonzero divisior with (,)- strongly derivation pair, to obtain a (,)- derivation. Where
,: RR are two mappings of R

Keywords

( Jordan ( prime ring semiprime ring )- Strongly derivation pair. )-derivation )-Strongly derivation pair

47

Multiproduct Mathematical Model for Productive Company

S.A. Fahad

Pages: 283-295 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This model is an extension to H.M .M.S and related developments models of a single
product. These models will be converted to deal with Multiproduct for productive company.
This model executed by computer programming technique to maximize profits.

Keywords

company factory Maximize. Multi product

48

Color Image Steganography Based on Discrete Wavelet and Discrete Cosine Transforms

A. A. Abdul Latef

Pages: 296-302 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The secure data transmission over internet is achieved using Steganography. It is the art and
science of concealing information in unremarkable cover media so as not to arouse an observer’s
suspicion. In this paper the color cover image is divided into equally four parts, for each part
select one channel from each part( Red, or Green, or Blue), choosing one of these channel
depending on the high color ratio in that part. The chosen part is decomposing into four parts
{LL, HL, LH, HH} by using discrete wavelet transform. The hiding image is divided into four
part n*n then apply DCT on each part. Finally the four DCT coefficient parts embedding in four
high frequency sub-bands {HH} in cover image. Experiments show that this method gets stego
image with perceptual invisibility, and better secrecy. The proposed method was implemented
using MATLAB 7.8.

Keywords

DCT. Digital watermark steganography Wavelet Transform

49

Proposal for Exchange Text message Based on Image

R. J.Mohammed

Pages: 303-310 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The messages are ancient method to exchange information between peoples. It had many
ways to send it with some security.
Encryption and steganography was oldest ways to message security, but there are still many
problems in key generation, key distribution, suitable cover image and others. In this paper
we present proposed algorithm to exchange security message without any encryption, or
image as cover to hidden. Our proposed algorithm depends on two copies of the same
collection images set (CIS), one in sender side and other in receiver side which always
exchange message between them.
To send any message text the sender Converts message to ASCII code. Chose one image
from its (CIS) .Locate for each ASCII code in red or green or blue band color of chosen
image. Store(x,y) location and color of correspond value. After that draw lines in graphic line
image (GLI) by using this (x,y) and S (letter sequence) and color with white background.
Then send the graphic lines image (GLI) with serial number of chosen image from (CIS) to
receiver. After receiving the (GLI) in other side, the receiver will choose image from its (CIS)
according to serial number which it received then doing some steps to display the extract
message.

Keywords

color image digital image. Encryption history of mail Information Hiding mail steganography

50

Proposed Steganography Method Based on DCT Coefficients

A.A.Al-Saffar

Pages: 311-319 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

In this paper an algorithm for Steganography using DCT for cover image and DWT for
hidden image with an embedding order key is proposed. For more security and complexity the
cover image convert from RGB to YIQ, Y plane is used and divided into four equally parts
and then converted to DCT domain. The four coefficient of the DWT of the hidden image are
embedded into each part of cover DCT, the embedding order based on the order key of which
is stored with cover in a database table in both the sender and receiver sender. Experimental
results show that the proposed algorithm gets successful hiding information into the cover
image. We use Microsoft Office Access 2003 database as DBM S, the hiding, extracting
algorithms were implemented using MALAB R2009a.

Keywords

database DCT DWT RGB steganography YIQ

Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

Articles in This Issue

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract