The Arab Gulf

The narrative techniques in the short story collection Soiree by Bahraini author Abdullah Khalifa revolve around several key elements, with perhaps the most prominent being the representation of space—specifically the village, the sea, and the prison. These spaces play a significant role in many of the stories, as recurring and symbolically layered settings throughout the collection. The author’s engagement with these spaces is deeply personal, drawing from his childhood experiences in the village where he spent his formative years during the 1950s and 1960s. Through skilled artistic expression, Khalifa conveys these settings with mastery, aligning himself with other literary figures whose stories and novels reflect the lived experiences of their authors or are nourished by them.
Having lived in the village, witnessed the life of the sea, and endured a lengthy imprisonment of more than six years, Khalifa's personal experiences become recurring motifs in several of the stories included in this collection. These experiences not only inform his descriptions of specific places but also extend into his exploration of political concerns, which he attempts to embody throughout the narrative

Abstract:
This research deals with the effect of blind imagination in Arabic literature, the linguistics of text, and the reception of Discourse, the extent of harmony and interconnectedness in the context, the extent of interconnectedness, cohesion, and the relationship between the sender and the recipient through reasons, means, and types, and the ability of the language to achieve that interconnection, and to show the element of referral and the various references and their types, and the search for the most important thing that distinguishes the language. Shared among a group of people, especially the astronauts, in the novel “The Last Journey,” and the descriptive and analytical perspective was the method followed in this work. Because the description here is the basis, especially in a scientific journey that has its various dimensions, and is based on monitoring, analyzing, and describing various phenomena.

Abstract:
Islam came and equalized the rights and duties of life among the peoples and peoples. The peoples rushed to learn the features of the religion, so they felt the necessity of learning the Arabic language, which was revealed by it. So they rolled up their sleeves, and eminent scholars appeared in most of the sciences related to Arabic, and they became imams to be guided by it, as Ibn Khaldun said: “It is strange that most of the people who hold knowledge in the Islamic religion are foreigners (Ibn Khaldun, Introduction, 1988 AD,(1/747)
This scientific renaissance has continued to this day despite the rise and fall that was affected by the circumstances that Muslim societies went through. After meditating on the century after the tenth AH, my eyes fell on a great scientific stature, as he filled the world with his works in the various sciences and arts, and after reviewing and browsing some books related to the language, I decided Choosing an angle from his efforts and contributions in serving and enriching the Arabic language, namely Sheikh Abdullah Al-Baytushi
Al-Basri Al-Kurdi and his grammatical efforts.

Abstract :
This research provides a pragmatic analysis of the political discourse of Abdul Karim Qasim, one of the most prominent political leaders in modern Iraqi history. The study aims to explore the linguistic and rhetorical strategies employed by Qasim in his political speeches and how he utilized these tools to achieve his political and social objectives. By examining his speeches and messages, the research highlights the pragmatic mechanisms Qasim followed to build a relationship with the public and achieve his political influence. The study also discusses the social and political contexts that shaped his discourse, offering a deeper understanding of the role of political discourse in shaping public opinion during that era.

Abstract:
Modern linguistic studies have produced special materials that contain new approaches to literary and linguistic critical research. These new approaches, in turn, have dealt with literary texts - whether ancient or modern - from an angle in which they differ from each other, but the common denominator is that... What unites them is the language, as all of these approaches adopted language as their basis in dealing with and reading the literary work. This is why readings and analyzes of literary texts appeared according to several approaches, represented by structuralism and deconstruction. Semiotics, stylistics, and pragmatics, and all of these are not lacking It includes after consideration and investigation.

As I stand before these linguistic schools, I decided to adopt a stylistic approach that brought Surat Al-Dhuha closer to the text.

The Holy Qur’an through stylistic shift in it

Abstract:
Qur’anic methods are the beacon of linguistic methods and the arena of scientific linguistic research for applied stylistic studies and others. The Qur’an is everyone’s table, and through it valleys flow to their capacity; Therefore, our modest research stream has adopted in the first place the method of interpretive brevity in the Holy Qur’an, which is a method that summarizes the details or summarizes the discourse to clarify the intended meaning through convincing linguistic brevity, thus giving confirmation, clarification, or an addition to the statement, with artistic repetition that is not boring because it rearranges the words that it summarizes in a new formulation. Whether the speech he summarizes is long or short, here it lies The importance of revealing these aesthetic methods, with the aim of showing the aspects of enjoyment and creativity in the methods of the Holy Qur’an, as well as its eloquence and miracle. Surah Al-Baqarah - specifically - was the field of research. It has been shown that interpretive brevity has an impact on interpretation in terms of assistance in clarifying what is meant and that it It is completely consistent with the human nature of speech, as each speaker, after detail, summarizes the intended meaning in a statement, which is what we are doing now in this summary of the research (that is, this is the summary of the research). Keywords: (brief / summary / stylistic / application / brevity in the Holy Qur’an / Surah Al-Baqarah / interpretation(

Abstract:
This research address the term (Narrator) in in the structure of the narrative discourse" and primary role to direct the narrative in accordance with his vision. The narrator is the one who formulates the narrative text, organize the plot, introducing the characters, and description the places.
The narrator is different from the real and implied author, and the narrator has multiple forms, many functions, and related in basic relationships with the other of the elements of narratology, and the research particularize in all of that.

Abstract:
Our literary heritage is filled with many important figures who have enriched the literary and critical arena with the valuable books and information they left behind that have benefited generations and throughout the ages. Al-Majar Al-Basri is one of those notables whose contemporaries among the scholars testified to the soundness of his mind and the importance of the sciences with which he wrote, and translation scholars spoke about The status of this personality is through the use of his knowledge by linguists as well as his encyclopedismCognitivism was classified in many sections, and he left us a collection of poetry. His poetry was distinguished by its abundance that made him feel sad for the People of the House, peace be upon them. Studies that dealt with this personality revealed that he was a poet of the faith and that his best poems fell under the framework of committed literature, which was harnessed to serve the poet’s belief and loyalty. His love for the people of the House of Prophethood, may God’s peace be upon them, and this scholar, poet, and critic is one of the prides of the scholars of Basra. He was a student of its greatest scholars, in addition to the fact that he had lived with the imams of the scholars of Basra at that time. The research is an attempt to uncover the impact of this personality in ancient and modern studies. And God is my Protector. Good luck

Abstract:
Humans and animals have had a long-standing relationship at many aspects of life, literature is one of them. So when humans found themselves encircled with animals - which they are a part of-, animals have been used rhetorically in literature like what have been done at their religious and practical lives.
Problem of the paper: exploring the behavior which leads humans to transform - by quitting their humanitarian form- into an animal plain or beneath it occasionally.
The paper's main question: What are the causes of this transformation? Moreover, how did literature deal with them?
The scientific ground of the paper: depended on analysis of texts according to their context and the meaning behind them.
The tools this paper utilized: showing examples of translated, globally known works of literature. Analysis of chosen texts of world known writers.
The aspects this paper going to cover: Human-animal relationship. Types of literature that uses animals as a simple or a rhetorical tool.
Recommendations and predicted results: achieving more studies at this field. Exploring what causes dehumanization of a human being. Providing alternative values that stop this descend.
The ways animals have been used in literature are numerous in types and method of usage. Direct methods including stories which have been told by an animal itself to convey wisdom or advice. Indirect one includes transformation of a human themself into an animal by metamorphosis, This is what "literature of animals" means and what this paper deals with by exploring world-class works of Jean-Paul Sartre, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Franz Kafka.

Abstract:
This is a reading on the techniques of the anecdotal formation in a collection of stories entitled The Umbrella Bearer by Louay Hamza Abbas. This collection reflects a rich and deep experience in which reality and imagination are intertwined to produce a unique reading in the portrayal of reality and defining its borders. The concepts of death and the loss of the truth predominates this collection. This reflects the author’s philosophical vision of a hybrid existence in which man suffers from bewildered times. Therefore, the narration vocalizes a kind of voice that assists the author to retain those concepts through a powerful narrative language. Such a language bridges the gap between misplaced souls and harsh reality. The Umbrella Bearer is based on formative techniques, manifested in its titles which formed narrative paradoxes that urged the reader to read first and search for the secret of manipulation and interpretation second. The author does not use only one typical structure in narrating these stories, but rather he varies in his structure between subjectivity and objectivity. The stories are structured around a number of pictorial and scenic framework, characterized by brevity and condensation relevant to the genre of the short story that is based on a narrative paradox. Additionally, the cultural background plays a significant role in shaping these stories. Louay Hamza Abbas endows his narrative texts with poetic paradoxes and deep semantic implications. Accordingly, this paper attempts to read these narrative techniques according to their presence in The Umbrella Bearer to divulge the aesthetics of the narrative structure and its artistry.

Abstract:
Oral literature is a kind of creative creation in which writers express themselves, dreams, pains, ambitions and hopes, it is the product of the group that has been inherited by society generation after generation, and oral literature is divided into several types and forms: including proverbs, puzzles and legends, tale and others, and the tale is one of its most important forms and types Expressive, it is a summary of the experiences formulated for us through the generations, as it came in a wonderful narrative template, full of lessons, judgment, exhortation, and optimal values, aimed at criticism and construction of all joints of society, hence the goal of this research is to reveal the negative manifestations in society in the realistic tale when the Arab articles have been chosen on (Rafi'i and Zayat and Mazni) because of the tale of a clear presence in their articles, as they dealt with the negatives and defects in society, crude.

Abstract:
This research aims to shed light on the transformations of place in the stories of Hassan Balasim (The Exhibition of Corpses) and to know its correlation with the character, both negatively and positively. The research revealed spatial diversity on the physical and psychological level through its influence on the characters and being influenced by them. It also dealt with the character and began to explore the duality lurking beneath the ideal appearances. , and hidden behind the veil of virtue. The research has found that a personality transforms into a second personality once it is given the appropriate conditions and climate that contribute to its birth. The characters in this group share that there is a common denominator between them, which is the hidden negativity beneath each personality.

Abstract:
Some critical terminologies raise confusion in terms of reception. This confusion is attributed to the intellectual circumstances that lead to the emergence of that term. The terminology itself is merely a manifestation of the critical mind\'s intellectual transformation, which causes the terminology to expand its meaning to be collective. It includes what is allowed to be and prevents other terms from entering it. Delving into literature and searching for the controversy of terminology usually arises from the nature of literary language based on intense metaphor as well as the arts of rhetoric that characterise literary discourse. Therefore, I will stop at the term (postcolonialism) to follow up on its semantic control, whether that control is through linguistic follow-up of the term or through following the most prominent critics and thinkers who have added to the term something that approaches the boundaries of the material on which the term works. So, ((The term will be qualified to include whatever meaning it is intended to comprehend, not only in its present but even in the future of its development, foreseeable and hypothesised, and without the confusion and turmoil caused by differences in translation in particular)).1 Then I go on to accept the term in Arabic and observe the reception of it, whether positive or negative, on the basis of the importance of that term critically, which raises concerns and accountability in the overall intellectual movement. May Allah grant success.

1Introductions to critical terminology, Dr. Najm Abdullah Kazem, Dar Al-Ma’moun for Translation and Publishing, Baghdad, 2013: 37.

Abstract:
During the 1970s, two influential publications were released: Fowler, Hodge, Kress, & Trew (1979) and Kress & Hodge (1979/1993). These works provide a novel perspective on literary ideologies. CL, an analytical framework, is derived from Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar. The architects of this project aimed to explore the ideology embedded in language and examine the underlying value systems and belief systems present in texts (Simpson, 1993, p. 5). Shortly after that, in 1989, Fairclough elevated CL to a higher degree, including linguistic analysis as only one of three distinct levels. In the first two levels, we examined language from the perspective of a social reaction and how that response is comprehended within the limitations of existing institutions and norms. Halliday's paradigm significantly impacted the linguistic component of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), also known as CDA for short. After that, many more theories in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) emerged over the next 20 years. Each theory had its unique theoretical foundations but had a similar focus on investigating the recurrence of ideological language. Jeffries released Critical Stylistics (hereinafter CS) in 2010, emphasizing the importance of language. Although not completely dependent, computer science extensively utilizes the linguistic features of computational linguistics (CL) and corpus-driven analysis (CDA). This study critically evaluates the changes in textual ideologies during the last thirty years (from 1971 to 2010) by analyzing linguistic theories and constructions.

Abstract:
The scholarly discourse represents a major entity of the elements of the literary text in general and the novelistic text in particular, as the novelistic text cannot be built except through this material, as it is one of the sources of textual production and the most important cultural tributaries from which the novelist derived references that form his images, as it is an important part of the intellectual creation of peoples, and after his era of intellectual dominance over the recipient to form an important reference of the references of the narrative image, the research deals with the creativity of creators and their cultural references in the work of the novelist. The novel represents a reflection of reality in a form that almost differs in its famous way of drawing it, and it represents the creator's awareness, culture, and the abundance of his knowledge and sources. The novel is an active, vast, and complex world, in which different sciences and cultures mix and all melt together in the crucible of the literary work. The subsequent overlap of these elements in a creative way forms the novel's fabric within interactive structural relationships based on contrast, difference and substitution. The narrative pictorial formation arises from these dynamic relationships that have influenced the management of events within the work's composition, which eventually merge to form the general narrative structure of the novel to form the novel in its final form, its final depiction and all of it. It is thus a refraction of the sciences of life in the author's own edition, and a vision of the world expressed and received on the page. That is, in this manuscript, the essence of the novel. The style of expression and the divine design method of the novel is a feature of survival and immortality, if this work is of a certain level of formulation and ability to create new events and incidents, all novels carry within them an aspect of experimentation but in a new way of creation, when a genius takes over the novel, he elevates it to the level of literary classification, based on considering it useful facts and established knowledge that he conveys to the recipient. The novel can continue as an intellectual manifestation in form, that this book of manifestation is an objective reflection of the developments of literary work and management over time, and if it is bankrupt to acknowledge the social specificity of the novel, there is no escape from copying as well with the importance of the relationship of ideological, economic and realistic problems with the development of this art, and the text remains open to all readings, and there remain multiple questions when contemplating the novel text, where do you get the idea of novels from? And how the civilization of the dead began and arose and arose a great universe teeming with creatures, events and diverse cultural situations, sometimes extreme in symbolism, and sometimes rooted in a specific historical real soil, so the text starts from 20 ... Without the producer of the text having any intention for it, then looking in spite of it, it represents the limitation of creativity that stops at receiving the work, and the truth of the matter is that the work is an active, interactive participation between multiple aspects represented by the creator, and the creative text, of the work and reception, and one aspect can be looked at without the harmonies of the interaction of the other, as the novel is formed from different ideologies and references from the creative work, in which the events of the text take place; And if we think that we work for it with meaning, then we should include it within a higher system, and if we do not do that, then we should admit that the work has no meaning, as it does not enter into a relationship except with itself, as it is (sui index) it refers to no other place, our work will be according to the writer’s ideologies and references that extend to several novel images and we will start with them in terms of heritage and its formation and branches and how to dissolve and fuse it in the literary work, and the myth that distinguishes it partially and basically in every sense of the word from the peoples of peoples, and nature with its entities and types and types and branches, and the ideas of the creators continue to clash in waves within the literary work, sometimes they dissolve and merge, and sometimes they are declared and represented in the best way.

Abstract:
The buildings were not a formal material devoid of its cognitive meaning, which plays its role in the analysis of the questions of science for the infallibility of the tongue and the desire to control Arabic only, it was written to draw the framework of functional meaning in its forms, and to be an essential material that presents itself in the construction of pure discourse. for its content and purposes, it requires disclosure and calls for acceptance and response. In the Al-Radi blog, we do not cover the buildings in separate places, under which we identify the issues of science, which is concerned with the shape dimension and the voice transformation in most of its scenes. Rather, it is a link thread and a regulatory wire that combines the decisions of science, and unites them in a holistic sense, mainly the field and the functional orientation, the three buildings have spread in the body of the blog, and they carry in every appearance a certain function liberated by the door research and lead to its compatible issues. in addition to their moral context, which leads them to conjure up other functions in which to complete the demand, enriching the substance of the demand and enriching the mind of the recipient, which characterizes satisfaction in his knowledge project; The recipient finds many jobs, which are not outside of their objective context in the demands of science, unlike what we find in applied studies.

Basra has been a significant center for literature and language throughout history, known for its creative and intellectual contributions. The city played a crucial role in the foundation of grammar rules and the organization of poetic meters. Many scholars, poets, and writers emerged from Basra, preserving cultural heritage. In our study, we focused on the phenomenon of rebellion in Basra's literature, using the late poet Akram Al-Amir as an example. Basra's unique environment nurtured creativity and established foundational rules for various arts. However, only the Basransthemselves could break these rules due to their deep understanding of them. We chose Akram Al-Amir as a model because of his complete artistic experience despite his short life and his ability to challenge conventions while respecting them

The images of Orientalism have often circulated and are well-known in the academic field, and the translation of the term has become associated with scientific rigor stemming from research corridors and academic tools. The field of Orientalism carries a significant semantic and epistemological weight that deserves attention and consideration.
Since Orientalism is a trend that carries a culture of difference, it is certain that in this difference, the other is formed in relation to the self or the ego. It is a culture and a tangible phenomenon evidenced by many characteristics within the culture itself, most notably language, beliefs, and a significant body of knowledge and aesthetic literature. Therefore, difference is essential for the existence of culture. From this perspective, the other/the orientalist, as a culture, cannot be isolated from its larger context, which encompasses and refers to an interconnected network of practices and institutions active within a particular culture. The duality of "culture and the other" is one of the most important systematic tools that occupy the realm of cultural criticism, as it embodies the connection and reaffirms the relationship between the writer and their era.
Language is considered the first of the three pillars and one of them in the context of Orientalist movement (language, geography, religion). It is the primary source of knowledge for any exploratory mission into different cultures. Moreover, it serves as the academic compass through which the Orientalist entered the world of the East. Perhaps the field of language and academic study is the most effective means, indeed, it is faster than any other path the Orientalist might take, such as trade, investment, or political employment, among others.
The efforts of the early Orientalists – as the initial approach for every subsequent Orientalist – were crowned with academic success. Their interest in learning Eastern languages, particularly Arabic, was undoubtedly pursued in a purely academic manner, starting with the establishment of language chairs and institutes for teaching and learning, followed by the founding of universities under the title of Oriental studies. In addition, there were student missions to the worlds of the East, which allowed their academic eloquence to fill critical papers, alongside their visions and interpretations. They also developed structural and deconstructive methodologies for discourse, culminating in the establishment of Orientalist schools that focused on Eastern knowledge in general. Thus, there were French, Russian, American, German, and Dutch schools, among others. And others. Accordingly, the research will focus on one of the two experiences that scholars have given significant importance in Oriental studies: one being the French school and the other being the German school, particularly in terms of their intellectual interest in Eastern languages. Some Orientalists from both schools have taken the overt aspect—using Edward Said's expression—especially in modern Oriental studies. Some have shifted away from the official Oriental discourse to scientific inquiry that has achieved originality and objectivity in its propositions regarding the Eastern aspect.

This study seeks to explain the concept of the Fangla, which is considered one of the concepts that is not common among rhetorical research circles, despite the presence of this phenomenon in the writings of ancient rhetoricians. This term, as will become clear in the study, is not specific to rhetorical composition, but rather It is an expressive method that scientists resort to to reveal contents that would not have seen the light had it not been for the use of this method, which is based on the assumption of a reader who discusses the author and presents questions and problems regarding the issues of science that he is dealing with, and the author intends to refute those problems and answer the questions he raises, in order for the matter to be completed. With all the problems surrounding it and its solutions. The research found that Al-Taftazani’s book Al-Mutawil was full of this style, as it dealt with many theoretical and applied rhetorical issues in light of the phonograph style. Therefore, we found that it behooves the reader interested in the rhetorical field to stop at Al-Taftazani’s phonographs and learn about the ways in which he benefits from this style.

The paradox represents the dialectic of dualism , asit is ridiculous with its tragedy , crying with its cynicism and it is a creative philophisical view of life , which made it a concept that wore over time different faces.
Its con tradictior allows escape from the direct method to tranparent ambignity .
The research attempts to study the manifestations of paradox in the diwan (Must – Must )of the mosulian poet Abd AI_Wahhab Ismail in order to reveal the contents of that paradox and its types and how the poet was able to use this tecnigue in the structnre of his poem to expose the tragedy experienced by the creator under the circumstances
The research attemped to track the paradox available in the court without restricting the text to aspecific approaeh , but rather made its analysis of the paradox begin the text ending in it

The research aims to extrapolate the formula (Fael) morphological in the Diwan poet Farazdaq visual and discuss the concept of the formula and its significance, and the importance of the research lies in the fact that it sheds light on the effectiveness of the language and the role in the employment of purposes, and in the control of directing a fruitful guidance pays off, and it is known that the understanding of morphological significance may come from the formula of the word or its template, which expresses certain meanings, It is no secret that the impact of the environment in directing the significance in general, and in the language of the poet in particular, because the poet is born of his environment, it is inevitably affected, and the nature of the geographical area can not be overlooked in its impact on the morals and natures of its inhabitants, and because of this construction of the relationship with the origin of the word linguistic real (customary) and its means in that explain and indicate its morphological meaning and the faces of its uses, and these uses of them are real and some of them are for several purposes, Language is generally a mirror reflecting human feelings and emotions, because man is an object involved in moving a set of psychological, cognitive, spatial and temporal factors, which drives him to use formulas and buildings to meet his internal need to express what is in his mind and thought, and this is highlighted through the skill of the speaker in employing language and his ability to select and choose, it is in this expressive style approaching his desired goal, which is endearment, kindness and others.

Abstract :
This paper entitled \"The Critical Dominates … From Pattern to the Vision. \'Book of Job\' as an example\" raises one of the problems of Arabic criticism، namely \'the critical dominates\'. By critical dominates، we mean forming perceptions and conclusions based mainly on ideas or perspectives without prior analysis or rethinking. These critical dominates have been taken for granted as axioms. The literary arena needs to construct a new vision. This construction needs rethinking of the basis.

In this paper، we attempt to present this new vision by reading Al-Sayyab\'s poem \"Book of Job\" as an example. There are lots of earlier critical readings of this poem that relied upon basic perceptions of the poet himself in his letters and other writings. These perceptions present important critical readings but they neglect
crucial aspects. That is why we try to introduce a new vision to the study.

The arrangement seems familiar to the reader in terms of general understanding, but in the procedural approach and understanding the term, it requires careful attention to trace this term and clarify its features to the reader and researcher. Therefore, we tried to begin to understand its meaning through known research mechanisms. The Qur’anicsystems, its weaving, and its arrangement have been studied continuously by commentators and commentators, which has given the Qur’aniceloquence and miracle the vitality of giving and expanding consideration of the text in terms of tracing the aesthetics of the text, and revealing the essence of the semantic relationships of the sequences of sentences and their orders, or the relationship of a group of hierarchical linguistic elements. The commentators have paid attention to the arrangement of the Qur’anic verses. Discourse and explaining the benefits of this arrangement in terms of the regularity of the parts of speech and their connection to each other, which strengthens the connection and improves the image, knowledge of the value of each sentence, and rejection of what does not fall into it,The discourse aims, in order, to achieve a purpose in certain types of aesthetics of style that reveal the relationships and combination of the elements of the composition. Linguists believe that the arrangement of facts and sequences is governed by relationships subject to cognitive principles and consideration of the described conditions, which are: general and specific, part and whole, a complex group... as we usually see the sum of a thing before its parts. The general concept of arrangement does not mean that it is confined to the circle of the material dimension, but rather it has other moral requirements that are no less important than the material conception. Arrangement, composition, and organization are connotations that seek to achieve goals by arranging, composing, or organizing them. They all fall under the general meaning of arrangement and its concept, because the element of arrangement is a major component of any process.
Organizational or compositional, and this is confirmed and proven by the linguistic lexical significance of the arrangement, which contains a semantic system that embracesAll of these concepts are expanded upon.

Through this research, we do not aim to investigate attempts to reform grammar or discuss the opinions and proposals therein, except to the extent required by the research. The subject of grammatical facilitation has been and continues to be a topic of debate and discussion since ancient times. We have often heard and read about grammatical facilitation and its connection to Kufic grammar and Ibn Mada's (d. 592 AH) call to abolish analogy and analogy. However, we find no trace of Basra grammar in grammatical facilitation, even though the origin of grammar was in Basra and the grammarians of Kufa studied under the grammarians of Basra. Therefore, through this research, we attempt to present, as succinctly as possible, the grammatical facilitation in the Basra school and the reasons that led to it.

Abstract:
This research shows the meaning of sibweh in(Al-idgham bghana), which is different from what the Tajweed scholars have called ( Al-idgham Al-Waqf), but there is a big difference between the two concepts, because sibweh's texts suggest that this idgham is a complete idgham, and the song does not lack anything from it, but rather that this song is not a single essential sound, as is the case in concealment, but rather carries the sound of the song on the sound of the letter in which the noun was the consonant sounds and the intonation turn into these letters when they are added, and the convention of intonation is achieved, but these sounds drink the sound of a song and are not the song of the noun .

The research aims to find the possibility of adapting the modern lesson, especially pragmatic linguistics. To keep pace with the methodology of the Arab heritage, the choice fell on studying (Stops and Initiations in the Holy Qur’an), so the research came under the name (Pragmatics of Stops and Initiations in the Holy Qur’an/Semiotics of Speech Acts). As for the research plan, it was as follows: An introductory introduction in which I dealt with linguistics.
Pragmatics: origins, levels, and concept. In it, I dealt with the origins of pragmatics, and its relationship to the philosophy of analysis at times and semiotics at other times. Then, I looked at the levels and degrees of pragmatics, then pragmatics as a term and concept, and after that I dealt with speech acts and the circumstances of their origin. After that, I defined the pause linguistically and conventionally, and then I employed the work of speech acts. Sometimes at the level of semiotics, and at other times at the level of achievement, which I took as a space for applying the stop and start according to scholars of readings and interpreters, then the conclusion of the research, results, sources and references.

Abstract:
There are several entrances for studying the poetry of Mahdi Muhammad Ali; they cannot be reduced to a paper or a book because his poetry is based on the tone of pain, loss and sadness. He relies on memory to recover what he lost, but in a poetic way. This memory with its referrals and references became a prominent feature in his poetry. Most importantly, he writes poetry that shocks the reader simply with its language, transparency, and deep themes. This reading is a critical perception of the most prominent theme in his poetry; I mean memory and retrieval of the absent. By analyzing a number of his texts, we found that the act of memory is often directed to the homeland. Therefore, the poetic image was retrospective, intense or fragmented. This marked the poet’s texts as being short.

Abstract:
The research deals with the strategies of the argumentative function in Imam Ali’s sermon at the Battle of Siffin, which he used to influence the mind of the recipient, refute the ideas of the Umayyads, and win their favor through logical and rational argumentation

:Abstract
This research attempts to study the reception of One Thousand and One Nights in contemporary Iraqi criticism, according to one of the figures of this criticism, who is the well-known Iraqi academic researcher, Professor Dr. Mohsen Jassim Al-Musawi. His many and varied studies on the One Thousand and One Nights are considered among the most important and solid research studies. Which combined: theory and practice, between heritage and modernity, and between Orientalism and Occidentalism, in addition to its contrast to the huge amount presented by critics. Al-Musawi's critical achievement was distinguished by the quality of his products as well as the quantity, in addition to the precise scientific method that addresses the topics and phenomena of criticism selected with focused care. Al-Mousawi’s critical experience in reading the nights made him the owner of a distinguished and continuous project at the same time. This is because the uniqueness of Tales of the Nights and its international fame made it a text that can respond to different analysis approaches, including: narrative, cultural, structural, psychological, historical, social, and others. These approaches dealt with the Nights texts - in particular - with many concepts and procedures, which explains the secret of creativity in this text and its immortality. The research concluded that Dr. Mohsen Jassim Al-Moussawi provided a qualitative reading of the Nights, and was thus able to reveal the secret of creativity in them, and their role in enriching literary traditions in general.

Abstract:
The singular noun carries a specific numerical significance, and may be combined Into different forms. This plural form of the singular has justifications that are revealed by use, especially in the poetic text, the context In which the form appears, the atmosphere of the poem as a whole, and the purposes the poet wants to express. It may Al-Sayyab used many words In the rain song, and we find them In different plural forms, such as the flower, the flowers, and the flowers.
When considered In his texts, the Intent of this use becomes And the branches and .clear, and the same Is true in (the branch) twigs, and the dead and the dead and the dead, and other examples.
The combination may come to achieve a phonetic correspondence between the words in the poetic text, and a rhythmic and musical harmony. The plural form may be Intended to Indicate Its Significance. The importance of words and their forms of use in all of them in poetic texts is not hidden. The research will stop at Selected texts from the Rain Song, showing the different plurals of the singular noun, and how the plural forms, through their repetition in the text, contribute to the phonetic structure Includeincludeed in it

Abstract:
In the second century AH and beyond, and to this day, Basra witnessed a broad and distinguished presence in the cultural arena, which had a significantimpact on the emergence of knowledge products at various levels and fields, including the field of literary criticism. Basra witnessed the emergence of critical figures and figures who played a major role in the critical movement in the second century AH and the centuries after it, whether in Basra or in other critical environments such as Kufa and Baghdad. Among these distinguished figures in the field of literary criticism is the linguist and grammarian (Khalaf al-Ahmar), who was known among the scholars of his time for his critical contributions and who revealed to us a distinguished, if not unique, critical personality in the field of poetry criticism through his critical opinions, positions, and contributions in this field.

Abstract:
The folk tale is considered one of the most prominent folk prose arts that are transmitted orally from generation to generation. It is formulated in a suspenseful story template full of overflowing feelings that abound with various lessons and moral and educational values through which the wisdom of the people is manifested. It is a mirror that reflects social, intellectual and religious aspects.
The folk tale embodies facts The incident through time and space is of a serious nature, far from strangeness and ambiguity. Its sensitivity elements are defined by it in awareness of the paradox of real life and connection with it, re-diagnosing the situations in which it occurred for the sake of knowledge, revealing unknown facts and the strangeness of familiar sensory reality, while criticizing the negatives of society with the aim of reforming it, and carrying out an educational function. Instilling authentic values among popular groups.
Therefore, the research came to shed light on an important and prominent theme in the folk tale, which is the positive and negative self of women, relying on a set of sources in the folk tale. And renewal, it renews itself through its positive and negative self, so its personality is generally divided into two parts: positive and negative, according to the perspective of human experience and the way the collective mind perceives it.
she has; Hence, the woman, as a constituent part of that personality, is divided into a positive self and a negative one by virtue of the dramatic patterns that she produces and is a reason for classifying her according to one of the two types. Which means that the presumption (positive) or (negative) represents a judgment or result that is reached based on the actual system formed from: the function that represents the title of the action or the group of actions performed by the personality and its owner, which is the active self, because the woman is considered the basic cell To build the family in particular and the society in general, so we find that it once represented the positive self and its consequent virtues and issues, as it is in its entirety, and once it represented a negative self and the consequent negative motives, and once it represented the transformation in that self.

Abstract:
Human languages, despite their differences in pronounced letters, verbal structures, and situational effects, may share some common starting points and phenomena. and the implications of the speech from linguistic phenomena shared by all human languages.
The speaker uses it reluctantly or willingly for various reasons, including his desire to overcome the issue of repetition in speech, or to motivate the recipient to contemplate and think about a specific issue, or his consideration of a certain social situation, the mention of which poses a danger to him or offends the recipient's modesty, and other factors that influence the communicative process in a given speech. This does not happen without situational indications that are understood by both the speaker and the recipient, as well as contextual clues contained in the folds of speech. Researchers, both ancient and modern, have crowded together to study this phenomenon, but what philosophers and social psychologists have provided in modern Western studies is regarded as a great service to the development of Western linguistic studies directly, and Arabic linguistic studies indirectly, as they have done what many language researchers have not been able to do.
The study will discuss the implications of speech that Western discourse studies have emphasisedin their investigating meaning in discourse, as well as its features in the Arab rhetorical heritage. We selected to describe this investigative technique of meaning in the sermons of the women involved in the Karbala events, led by Lady Zainab, peace be upon her, Lady Fatima bint al-Hussein, peace be upon them, Umm Kulthum, Umm Wahb, and others. As the conference papers allow in its fourth axis, which is concerned with contemporary linguistic studies and their impact on receiving speech, the research will include three topics, the first of which is theoretical and includes discussion of the implications of speech between the discourse of the West and the rhetoric of speech, the second on the presupposition, and the third on implicit statements, and both of them take an applied approach to the speech of the women of the Karbala incident, and we conclude the study with a set of results, and a list of sources and references

Abstract:
The phonetic term is the result of the general linguistic term in the broad and comprehensive field of all language sciences، from morphology، grammar، rhetoric، and propositions.
Phonology، like other sciences، needs a precise terminology to understand its issues and reveal its secrets. This is what contemporary linguists have done، including Dr. Ahmed Muhammad Kaddour، who studied aloud and whispering according to a clear phonetic approach. His approach was distinguished by scientific accuracy and intellectual maturity in dealing with phonetic terms.

The theory of speech acts went through several stages of development until it reached what it is today. The two most important stages that contributed to the maturity of the theory were the last “John Austin” stage, and the “John Searle” stage, as the most important concepts and the most important divisions of the speech act and its classifications emerged in these two stages. The theory was based on it. However, it is one of the stages that is most affected by ambiguity, confusion and misunderstanding. The research dealt with this by presenting what the scholars wrote in terms of defining and clarifying these concepts and their terminology and the disagreement that occurs in defining them, tracing the causes of this disagreement and reducing it, removing the ambiguity surrounding it, and ascertaining the extent to which their opinions agree with what Originally intended by the pioneers of theory from hypotheses.

This research counted the verses in which the word (good) appeared, and their number reached seventeen verses; some of which were similar in description and some differed from it to require a new and different described that wears the attribute (good); for example: (a blessed and good greeting) and (good offspring) and (good dwellings) and (like a good tree); The research tried to study these words in light of the semantic association that falls under the basis of modern concepts; The research was divided into two sections: The first section: the rational described, while the second section studied the non-rational described.
The research begins in its introduction by defining the association that is intended in this research before entering the sea of procedure; The association in the specific language of the triliteral being (why) which is from one correct root, indicates the constant accompaniment of one thing with another, and he defined it technically as - association -: fulfilling the semantic from the interaction of associations with the context; because the context may change the meanings of some morphological forms and reverse the meaning of the dictionary to prove what it wants from the intended meaning despite the clarity of the association that suggests acquisition because it is easy to implement; but the gaps in the context and the reader’s contemplation bring together something strange once and something rich another time and there may be a big difference in the third time, and the research came out with many results including: the semantic association in the words of Al-Tayeb was characterized by the breadth of communication that prevents the replacement of the word with another, and focusing on the semantic association can revive some of the dead lexical meanings of the message of Al-Tayeb, especially its agreement with the context in general.

This research sheds light on the phenomenon of substitution as a morphological phonetic phenomenon according to Al-Akhfash Al-Awsat, and how he explained this phenomenon in light of his chapter on the meanings of the Holy Qur’an as stated in his book. This phenomenon is one of the common and widespread phenomena among the vast majority of linguists who have been exposed to the Qur’anic word. There is no talk about the virtue of A verse or an explanation of its meaning without mentioning the phenomenon of substitution.
This research falls into three main axes. The third axis represents the applied models that came in the book Meanings of the Qur’an by Al-Akhfash Al-Awsatin. The researcher stops at this axis through contemporary phonetic analysis.

In this research, I have chosen a specific angle of Basri grammar, which is linguistic correction among the first Basri grammarians, who were responsible for laying down the seeds of grammar. It is known that the motive that motivated grammarians to develop grammar was to protect the Arabic tongue from falling into error in speech.The research was divided into an introduction and paragraphs that dealt with the core of the research. As for the introduction, it was about the Basra Grammar School and the emergence of grammar there. Then the research was divided into paragraphs that dealt with each paragraph visually and grammatically with its effort in linguistic correction.Then I concluded the research with a conclusion that revealed the most important results that I reached, and the list of sources for the research contained the most important concepts from which the research was derived. and thank Allah the god of everything.

When the text itself became a starting point for analysis, the critic begins his/her stylistic analysis, by contemplating its elements and the ways in which they perform their functions and their relationships to each other, without going beyond the borders of the text to any other location through its language, which contains a linguistic dictionary of different vocabulary and grammatical structures, and from here the sender resorts to choices A specific thematic, linguistic, and stylistic approach distinguishes what he writes from others, and differentiates his works from each other. His choices are not arbitrary, but rather conscious and intentional. He adheres to them in his works to be equal to works that have their own style, which reveals the choices and personality of his writer.
Dr. Walid Saif's novels are known by being an exemplary model for research into the intentionality of choice in general, and stylistic choice in particular, from his choice of the literary genre of fiction in a specific type, which is the historical or historically stylized novel, and his selection of characters and their construction to give the recipient the illusion that they were a historical entity that existed in one of the Arab countries at one time. Ancient or modern, focusing a lot of attention on the language of these characters and their selected structures that do not resemble the language of the characters in contemporary Arabic novels, and this is what directed our attention to choosing it as a research model.
The research was divided into two sections. I discussed Walid Saif’s stylistic choices, which gave him a style different from that of other writers, in which he intentionally combined historical language with contemporary techniques. He spoke about these choices in “The Witness and the Witnessed.” In the first theoretical section, we discussed the stylistic choice in ancient and modern times. As for the second section, we devoted it to talking about the patterns of stylistic choice in literary works and how we glimpse these patterns through the vision of Walid Seif himself in his biography and intellectual reviews, “The Witness and the Witnessed.” These stylistic features are not limited to his fictional works, but include them with his dramatic works as well

The ninetieth generation distinguished itself from other poetic generations by taming structures and techniques and making them more poetic within the levels of receiving the text until it became a horizon that accommodates all purposes. This is due to the requirements it provides for spreading significance, the possibility of aesthetic excitement, and the effectiveness of reading and receiving in shaping the ninetieth poem as a poetic process in which levels of balance and stability are marked for all generations in terms of the uniqueness and excellence of the ninetieth generation to represent an exceptional period compared to what preceded it, and therefore it must be distinguished. An exceptional text as well.
Perhaps one of the reasons for choosing the nineties generation for this study is that previous generations have been satiated with the level of critical writing. The personal poem and its various references in the ninety-year-old poet’s use of the procedural became a technique inherent to him in poetic performance and employment, a title indicative of the poetics of the cultured text, as an axis of the high text culture that the poet brought out after the process of poetic digestion from his cultural memory, and nourished his poetic language with style and connotation. , experiences, and photography that illuminate the brilliance of the text and make it more capable of carrying indications of the past in a process of continuous and interactive ebb and flow that made the structure of the personal poem closer to the past and more expressive of the contemporary reality in the poetry of the ninety-year-old poet.

Condensation is one of the criteria and creative features that reveal the poet's ability to create and create on the one hand and to form, change and synthesize on the other hand and to redraw what is familiar and circulating with a distinctive vision and spirituality that brings out the language and poetic images from the circle of repetition to the space of creativity by identifying the condensation language and idiomatically and then addressing the axes of research that were embodied by identifying condensation as a hint Creative and artistic standard in the reading of poems first and then in the folds of their poems second, which formed intentional in their poetic discourse due to the effect of condensation in attracting the recipient of the poetic discourse, including the connotations and suggestions that enrich the verbosity and redundancy, and what it contains and includes the term condensation.

The aim of the study is to uncover the resources of the morphological transformation of the verb (to see) in the Quranic discourse and to clarify the purposes of expression through stylistic variation. This is achieved by following the meaning and examining the context in a single verse or across multiple verses. The transformation studies the meaning of the verse and reveals the significance of that transformation in the discourse. Hence, this research aims to shed light on these truths according to the six themes we established after the introduction, which are distributed according to the Quranic verses under investigation. We then highlighted the most important results we reached in the conclusion of the research, among which is the stylistic variation in the linguistic use of the terms of vision in the Holy Quran, which calls for contemplation and the exercise of understanding to grasp what lies behind this transformation and the purposes and connotations inherent in the variation.

This study monitored the simulation of the haiku poem in Arab culture, using its determinants in its Japanese culture, and the rhetorical dimensions that contribute to the coloring of the achievement with evidence enjoyed by this creativity, which went with the elements of nature, and invested all its potential in producing a dialogue between man and what he sees as silent in the horizon of creation, but he finds him speaking with his expressive voices, which need a translation to reveal what it contains of established meanings or a mystical function related to existence and its various cosmic manifestations. This color of expression spares a special elogence formed by a formal structure that makes the poet biased by framing it, as is the case of the seasonal presumption and the necessity of numerical syllables governing the haiku poem, and the features of rhetoric of rhetoric have started From the brevity in revealing the sign, the breadth of the scene and the rhetorical paths it covers that embrace the seasonal presumption, which is what presented the metaphor sent with all its manifestations and functions

Abstract:
The research aims to shed light on the phenomenon of deletion as an important element in textual cohesion. Deletion no longer represents a weak element that contributes to the disintegration of the text, but rather it is an element that contributes to alerting the recipient to the presence of a space in the text so that he can work his mind to think about it and search for the reasons for this deletion. Thus, the recipient tries to understand the text according to these data, and the phenomenon of deletion is one of the phenomena that was used in the Holy Qur’an, and the purposes of this deletion varied, including that it contributes to the cohesion and coherence of the text by creating new relationships that contribute to providing several interpretations that depend on both the essayistic and thematic context of the text, It also contributes to condensing the meaning and condensing the speech without harming the meaning. In these papers, we will present the applications of the phenomenon of deletion from the standpoint of textual cohesion in Surat Al-Zukhruf and the effect of this deletion on the meaning. In the coherence and consistency of the text, the research methodology starts first from the linguistic significance of cohesion and deletion, as well as their terminological significance, and then the applied procedures for the phenomenon of deletion in Surat Al-Zukhruf, whether the deletion is from the aspect of parsing or from the aspect of meaning.

Abstract:
“Lost in Five Miles” is a collection of short stories by the storyteller and poet Hassan Al-Salman, which includes eleven short stories. It won first place in the Iraqi Creativity Award Competition - 2023. Hence its importance, which reflects the uniqueness of “Salman” among short story writers, which is not very concerned with the techniques of modernity and beyond. Rather, “Salman” writes in a narrative style that will take us back. If it were not for the miracles and oddities that he inserts here and there, he succeeds in some of them, and misses the mark in others. What is beautiful is that these miracles will be accompanied by an intertextuality of a new kind, in which Al-Salman deliberately intends, consciously, to overlap with one of the great creative texts, whether narrative or poetry, to show the other side of it is by overturning the dualism on which it is based, or filling the gaps it left with miracles of a different kind. Our study is similar to tourism, because it wants to pass through some of the stories of the group, after finding that others do not deserve passing, but it will add to the tourist’s mission another task related to the archaeologist, which is an archaeological excavation mission, searching the lower layers of the text, and not being satisfied with its surfaces, starting from From an approach to reading, he sees that the text is what suggests the method of receiving it, meaning that there is no method prior to the text, but rather the method stems from the text and returns to it, and perhaps it does not return, because reading may suggest another path for itself, adjacent to the text, and not lost in it. The question is: What will the tourist or archaeologist find in the texts of the lost collection? This is what the study is trying to answer, by reading the texts, especially since analysis as a reading of the form, and interpretation as a reading of the content, will be present. As for interpretation, it is the goal of prudent reading. How could it not be, when the “Salman” texts are a creative mosaic, in which the author, society, history, culture, anthropology of primitive man, and his open texts to life are all present.

Abstract:
This research deals with some of the critical pauses in ancient Arabic criticism books, which are pauses in which criticism was directed from the outside, and that directing was the position of the speaker, as that position may work to distance the critic from the text, so he issues judgments that do not depend on the characteristics of the text, and thus the criticism is based on what is outside the text. Text .