Al.Qadisiyah journal for the Sciences of Physical Education

The research titled ((The effect of a cognitive approach (for arbitration cases) on the hormone adrenaline and the speed of decision-making for second-class referees) deals with knowing the effect of a cognitive approach for arbitration cases for football referees on the hormone adrenaline and speed of decision-making, is what this study concluded to explain the arbitration cases based on Considerations for each case for the sake of consistency and uniformity of arbitration decisions and in order to improve or develop correct arbitration decision-making based on a harmonious and integrated functional system in leading football matches in the various circumstances to which the referee is exposed and his level of performance, without limiting the training process to the physical and technical aspects only, in addition to Directing the attention of the gentlemen responsible for arbitration to the importance of introducing physiological fitness exercises, which combine physical or skill exercise and knowing the physiological variables during exercise or directly after exercise, including adrenaline, and preparing tests and examinations for them, which constitutes an addition to the concepts of football refereeing with the aim of determining full readiness and developing The level of performance in the match among second-class football referees.

The problem is revealed by answering the following questions: Is it possible to identify predictions in the front and rear volleys through psychological variables (competitive behavior, psychological toughness, and self-awareness)? The goal of the research is to identify the contribution rates of the variables (competitive behavior, psychological toughness, and self-awareness) in the front and rear volleys. For tennis players, the researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research problem. The research community consisted of advanced tennis players, numbering (62) players representing the Middle Euphrates clubs. The researchers concluded that the independent psychological variables (competitive behavior, psychological toughness, and self-awareness) can be predicted by the dependent variables, the forehand and backhand volleys of tennis players, depending on their importance.

The research aims to identify the differences between the bio-kinematic variables of the receiving styles of sitting (low start) and standing (high start) in the (4 x 100 meter) relay competition. The researchers assumed that there are significant differences in some of the bio-kinematic variables and in favor of the low start. The research population was determined from students who were proficient in the technique of starting from a low start and had high grades in that. They numbered (8) students. The research sample was photographed with a fast camera in two methods for receiving the baton: receiving after running from a standing position and receiving after running from a sitting position to receive the baton. The study was analyzed. The data was used using the kinematic analysis program (Kinovea), and a group of bio-kinematic variables were calculated and included the angles of the knees, the height of the body’s center of gravity, the distance of the three steps, and the speed of receiving. Some of the differences were significant, as the probability level was less than or equal to (0.05). Among these variables is the front and back knee angle, so we find They are two angles close to (90 degrees). The presence of a smaller angle between the torso and the ground at the moment of starting the movement while sitting was in favor of the direction of movement. The receiving speed after running from sitting was in favor of sitting. It was also shown that starting from sitting requires the player to have a greater horizontal force to push. The body is moved forward, which increases the distance of receiving the stick in the shortest possible time.

The importance of the research: The importance of the research lies in trying the self-questioning strategy to teach some grips in the wrestling game for students
Research objective: To prepare an educational curriculum according to the strategy of self-questioning to teach some grips in the wrestling game for students of the third stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basra.
Research community and sample: The research community represented the students of the third stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra. The researcher used the experimental approach with two groups, the control and the experimental.
The researcher concluded: The methods and strategies that depend on provoking the spirit of cooperation among the group members leave a good impact during the process of learning technical skills.
The researcher recommended: conducting similar studies using the self-questioning strategy and searching for similar strategies

The use of educational means and auxiliary tools in the physical education lesson in schools and in all sports games leads to an increase in the frequency of exercise time for each student and represents the goal of the research by designing tools to help in learning the skills of breaststroke and free throw for students, along with preparing suggested exercises with tools to help in learning the skills of tackling. The vest and free throw for students. The importance of the research lies in designing aids and preparing exercises in learning the research skills for second-intermediate students and developing the game of basketball in general, and also improving the level of learning basic skills among second- intermediate students in particular. As for the research problem: there is a weakness in the performance of the research skills of the students, as well as the lack of tools used, including basketballs used in the physical education lesson. The research aims to design auxiliary tools and prepare exercises in learning two skills (chest handling and free throw in basketball for second intermediate students). The research hypothesis includes: the presence of statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests. For the experimental and control groups, with statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests, the research sample was chosen from the original research population of Al-Basair Intermediate School students for boys in Diyala Governorate / Muqdadiyah District for the academic year (2024/2023), who numbered (211) students in the school. The second (B) was chosen, and their number was (60) students to represent the research sample, Division (1): the control group (15) students, the experimental group (15) students, and the exploratory group, whose number was (10) students. They applied the proposed exercises with auxiliary tools, started with the educational units, and applied the exercises with auxiliary tools. On Sunday, 2023/10/16, until Thursday, 2023/12/21, for a period of (10) weeks, with two educational units per week, to become (20) educational units. The results showed preference for the experimental group in the post-tests of the experimental and control groups using exercises with assistive tools, and it is recommended Researcher to design auxiliary tools in all games Other sports in learning basic skills have a major role in learning skills.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the proposed educational exercises in developing some motor abilities and the accuracy of performance of some football skills. The researcher used the experimental method by designing the two equal groups for the research sample of (30) players from the two teams of Babel and Al-Hilla club for the season (2021-2022) Ages (13-15) years from the original research community of (35) players, and a sample was divided equally into two groups, one experimental and the other a control. Of the students of the second stage, their number reached (5) players, and after conducting tribal tests and implementing the vocabulary of special exercises for a period of (4) weeks and at a rate of (2) Two educational units with a total number (8) units, after which the dimensional tests of agility and dribbling in football were conducted, and after data extraction and statistical processing and then presented, analyzed and discussed depending on the relevant scientific sources, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which were the effectiveness of educational exercises In light of these conclusions, the researchers recommended the necessity of emphasizing the use of the proposed visual stimuli in the football educational units for this category.

Motor learning is one of the important sciences in the sports field to reach the highest levels. It must be coupled with following effective modern educational strategies and correct scientific thinking that leads to increased interaction between the learners and the skills to be learned, so the educational goal for them is to master the technical performance of these games and when the teacher chooses a strategy. To develop the performance of learners, it must be appropriate to the characteristics of the learners, and therefore the goal of the learner today is how to control, store and preserve information, and how to search for it and access it, which is the most important of all, and this is done by relying on many strategies, including (the strategies that were adopted in the Shamak scale) These are strategies for organizing, classifying, analyzing, applying, retaining and remembering information, evaluating and criticizing information, studying, and preparing for the exam
alkalimat almiftahia

The aim of the research is to prepare special training exercises in accordance with the laws of work and ability to develop biomechanical variables, in addition to identifying the effect of special training exercises in developing the mechanical speed under research.
The researchers used the experimental method to suit the research problem, and the research community was chosen intentionally, namely the players of the university’s 100-meter freestyle team, who numbered (3) players to whom the curriculum’s vocabulary was applied, After completing the main experiment and tests, the Spss program was used to process the data statistically to arrive at the results.
The researchers reached the most important conclusions, which are that the proposed exercises affected the development of personal speed, in addition to that continuing to apply the training curriculum achieved good physical and mechanical adaptation.
The two researchers recommended the need for coaches to pay attention to the speed strength index and regulate it according to intensity (mechanical laws) and other laws because of its direct relationship to the speed and strength endurance ability that the competitor possesses directly.

physical education teachers in the preparatory stage in Babil Governorate, and to identify the differences between physical education teachers in the preparatory stage in teaching practices according to (gender - experience - academic qualification) for the academic year 2023-2024, where the researcher assumed the existence of a function Statistics between male and female sports teachers in terms of (experience, gender, and academic qualifications). The researcher used the descriptive approach using a survey and correlational relationships to suit the nature of the research. The research community was determined from physical education teachers in Babylon Governorate, and they represent the community. The research sample included the exploratory and main experiment sample, and their number was (205) teachers. And a school was chosen randomly and using the tools used in the research to measure educational practices. The researcher concluded that male and female teachers possess some teaching practices when explaining theoretical and practical lectures, and there are differences. Among the teachers of physical education in the preparatory stage in the educational practices of experience in favor of the teachers, despite the varying differences between the two sides, for reasons that were explained in the body of the research, the researcher recommended, Developing and developing the educational practices of physical education teachers in the preparatory stages to achieve the special goals of physical education in Babylon schools , and Conducting studies dealing with the educational practices of teachers in mathematics for other samples

The importance of the study appeared in identifying the relationship between performance endurance and immune blood components, which are important physiological indicators that play a fundamental role in the player’s immunity and are affected by sports training. The problem of the research is through the researcher’s knowledge and observation of some of the training programs in which handball players train, which have high training loads and different mechanisms and methods, which have an impact on the physiological aspect, and due to the absence of physiological tests and measures for the handball player during the training units, which often focus on the aspect. Physical training and preparation only, without knowing the internal changes going on inside the player’s body as a result of training, including the change in the number of white blood cells and their impact on the immune system, especially during special preparation periods. The aim of the research is (to identify the relationship between the immune components of the blood and the performance endurance of the young players of the Kufa Club.) As for the research methodology and community, the researcher used the descriptive approach to solve the research problem. As for the community, the researcher identified the Kufa Club in a deliberate manner and included (14 players). After excluding (2) goalkeepers, the total number of the sample reached (12) players. A performance endurance test and examinations were conducted on them. It included The research presented, analyzed and discussed the results, which showed a significant relationship between both performance endurance and immunity components.

The 400m hurdles running event is one of the most exciting events as the player faces
challenges that he tries to overcome. The first is challenging the opponent and trying to overcome him, and the second is challenging the ten hurdles that hinder the player from running at maximum speed. Here, the player’s physical characteristics and body measurements intervene to make the task of overcoming these two easier. The two challenges, in addition to the other challenges required by the game, and due to the lack of information available about the characteristics of 400-meter hurdles athletes, and in view of the importance of skill performance, which is an influential and effective factor in this event, the problem focused on studying the contribution of physical characteristics and body measurements to their great influence on achievement, so the study aimed to find out The most important physical characteristics and body measurements affecting the completion of the advanced 400m hurdles event. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of correlational studies on the research community of players in the 400-meter hurdles event for the 2023-2024 season, numbering (6) players who participated in the Qatari club championship. They constituted 100% of the community of origin, and through physical tests and physical measurements, the researcher concluded that significant correlations appeared between some physical measurements and physical characteristics with achievement by isolating the effect of skill performance, which are body length, arms length, leg length, speed, and speed table.

The fact that the study population through which the research was conducted and they represent players who join school complexes at the same time and who paid to study this sample and represents the project’s segment of players in addition to working on developing their basic football skills by preparing a program that explains how to develop their basic skills is considered Obviously a necessity in playing this game .
Through the presence of the two researchers in most of the training units for the sample members, they noticed that the training methods used for young players are very simple and do not lead to tangible development for young players. From here, the idea of introducing the provisions through educational programs for the observed units began to develop them and in an effort to serve training in the clubs. The research also aims On the use of an educational program with super-overlapping cushions and its impact on developing the skills of rolling and handling in football for young people on the Research Artica, which consists of the international school for youth under 19 years of age on average, in the project in Babil Governorate

The researcher conducted his research entitled (Awareness of creativity and its relationship to professional competence among football referees in the Holy Najaf Governorate), which aimed to identify awareness of creativity and its relationship to professional competence among football referees in the Holy Najaf Governorate. In this research, the researcher used the descriptive approach with correlational relationships. By adopting a measure of awareness of creativity and building a measure of professional competence, and it was applied to a sample of football referees, the research community chose a deliberate selection to achieve the desired research goals. The total community was composed of (83) referees, from whom (69) referees were chosen randomly through Conducting a lottery as a sample for the research, as this number was divided into three groups: the poll sample, numbering (5) referees, and the construction sample, numbering (34) referees. As for the main experiment sample, or what is called the application sample, it was (30) judges. After the researcher completed the field research procedures, he processed the obtained data statistically, and reached several conclusions, including: Awareness of the creativity of football referees in Najaf Governorate is at a good and high level. This is due to the good selection of referees by the committees responsible for their selection, which rely on several criteria in selection, the most important of which is their scientific and academic culture, as well as their psychological health

The research problem lies in the appearance of early fatigue among young players, which leads to poor performance and thus poor shooting accuracy. The importance of the research lies in preparing special exercises for the arms with the help of (DFS) because of its advantages. The effect of strengthening the arms leads to improved performance and accuracy of aiming. The objectives of the research are to prepare special exercises for the fingers of the arms and to know the effect of these exercises on the arms and throwing accuracy. As for the research hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test with the arm endurance test for both groups and in favor of the experimental group. There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests with the arm strength test for both groups and in favor of the experimental group. There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in the throwing accuracy test for both groups and in favor of the experimental group. The researcher chose the sample intentionally, represented by Al-Amana Club archery players for juniors. The researcher adopted the experimental method with two groups, with pre- and post-tests. The researcher conducted the exploratory experiment, then the pre-tests were conducted, and after completing the exercises to strengthen the arms with the help of (DFS), it took (12) weeks. The post-tests were conducted under conditions similar to the pre-tests. The data was transcribed and then the statistical program spss was used, and the data was then presented in tables and then discussed. Which resulted in the following conclusions that the exercises for the (DFS) device led to strengthening the arms. The exercises for the (DFS) device had a positive effect and led to improving performance with throwing accuracy. There was a strong moral correlation between the strength of the arms and the accuracy of throwing. As for recommendations, these exercises can be used with the DFS device for other categories
These exercises can be used with a DFS device for both sexes, and they can be used in other individual and group activities because they have an effective positive effect. Similar studies can be conducted for different throwing activities.

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of an educational curriculum in using the McCarthy model using mind maps in learning the skills of handling and scoring football for students. The research community included ( 60) students of Imam Sadiq University for the academic year (2023-2024). While the research sample was selected by a simple random method ( drawing lots)) so that the students of the experimental group became (15) students and the students of the control group with ( 15) students. As for the survey experiment sample, it included (8) students and the researcher excluded (6 )students from the research community and the educational program continued for eight weeks with two educational units per week, on Sundays . The researcher came to the conclusions that the use of the McCarthy model using mind maps used a purposeful and effective role in learning the skills of handling and scoring football for students and recommends it is necessary to use the McCarthy model using mind maps within the vocabulary of continuing education seminars at Imam Sadiq College Department of physical education in the process of teaching team and individual games.

The research aims to build a scale for constructing a scale for methods of confronting the psychological obstacles facing female students of physical education and sports sciences in swimming lessons. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach because it is compatible with the research problem and its objectives. The researcher chose the research community in an intentional manner, while the research sample was represented by female students of physical education and sports sciences at the university. Al-Mustansiriya / The first stage, the number of which is (30) students for morning studies. To achieve the goal of the research, tools must be available to measure methods of confronting psychological obstacles. The researcher built a scale for psychological obstacles, following the scientific steps in building standards. The scientific foundations of the scale were extracted, and the researcher applied it in the final form to a sample. The research used statistical methods using the statistical analysis program SPSS. At the end of his research, the researcher reached the following conclusions:
It was achieved to build a scale for constructing a scale for methods of confronting the psychological obstacles facing female students of physical education and sports sciences in swimming lessons.
areas were extracted to measure methods of confronting the psychological obstacles facing female students of physical education and sports sciences in swimming lessons.

The aim of the research is to prepare exercises for the fixed method in learning the skill of scoring and passing in futsal and to know the effect of exercises for using the fixed method in learning the skill of scoring and passing in futsal. The researcher used the experimental method, and the experimental method is the most widely used method in the sports field. Because it is based on direct and realistic dealing with various phenomena and is based on observation and experimentation of all kinds through comparison between the group or between groups (Mahmoud Anan, 2004, p. 84 (85), so the researcher used a single group design with two tests, pre- and post-tests, which is most appropriate for this research. Select The researcher included the research community with Shahraban Sports Club players for the junior category, so the sample became (22) players out of a total of (28 players), so the percentage of the sample became (78.57% of the research community for the year 2021-2022 AD)After completing the main experiment, the researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) to process From the data he obtained, the researcher reached the most important conclusions that employing exercises using the fixed training method had a positive impact on learning the skills of scoring and passing in futsal related to the research, which was reflected positively on the students’ performance of the skills under research. Also, the exercises prepared with the fixed training method had an impact on... Learn the skills of scoring and passing, as well as using a consistent training method for individual members to discover information and make decisions.

The research aims to identify the study of the professional performance of volleyball teachers in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in the central and southern regions and to identify the differences according to the variables (gender, years of service, and degree). The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of survey and comparative studies, and the research sample for volleyball teachers was represented in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in the central and southern regions, which number (100) men and women teachers for volleyball, are (71) men teachers, at a rate of (71%), and (29) are woman , at a rate of (29%). Appropriate statistical methods were used for the current research to reach the required results. .