Nasaq

Curren search targeted as follows
measure insurgency with orphans in role Athldy the Orphans
to find the differences between males and females in the measurement of psychological rebellion the orphans of the role of the state.Included the research community to orphans in the role of the state of the Department of care for people with special needs in the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, (230) orphans and identified age sample (13-18) has identified fields two areas (rebel direct and rebellion indirect) may be a measure Besorthinitial ( 30) paragraph After the presentation of the scale on experts in psychological counseling and educational science and psychological measurement and evaluation and extraction of honesty virtual then was then extracted force discriminatory as an indicator of the indicators of sincerity construction as well as extract correlation coefficient paragraph primarily the total scale and correlation coefficient paragraph primarily college to scale and correlation coefficient domain and Then matrix links were extracted stability measure my way of testing and re-testing and Alvakrombach has been the use of correlation coefficient (Pearson) and square (Kay) and testing Altaúa to MstquSamples blatin and test (Mann-Whitney) and test Alvkronbach and testing Altaúa for one sample as a means statistically after the use of the program statistical (SPSS) was reached Search results to the following:
1- The presence of rebellion among orphans in state homes - 2- There is no difference between males and females in measuring rebellion

The current research aims to identify:
1- Personality traits prevalent among male and female teachers working with people with special needs.
2- The significance of the differences in the scores of personality traits according to the following demographic variables:
A- Gender (males, females).
B- Academic qualification (diploma - bachelor’s - master’s).
C- Job experience (service): (5 years or less, 6-10 years, 11-15, 16 years or more).
The researchers selected a random sample of (260) male and female teachers, then they built a measure of the concept of personality traits according to the views of Costa and Macri, after three personality traits were adopted according to this model.
The research revealed a number of results, the most important of which are:
1- Male and female teachers of students with disabilities do not generally have the three characteristics specified in the current research.
2- There are no significant differences in personality traits according to the gender and service variable. On the contrary, there appeared to be significant differences according to the academic qualification variable.

The research dealt with a detailed study of the harvest, the weather quality of the western margin of Fallujah, as water is one of the most important human resources for use in the region, along with surface water sources; Due to the climate changes facing the world, precipitation has become fluctuating, hence the importance of studying groundwater in order to meet the needs of the population, despite the presence of varying percentages of salts in the water. There are several factors that contribute to the increase in salt levels in groundwater, such as the rocky nature and climatic conditions. Minerals differ in their ability to dissolve in water.
To know the characteristics of groundwater, the researcher selected (5) groundwater samples, then analyzes were conducted on them in the laboratory of the College of Agriculture - Anbar University, to reveal the causes of spatial variations in the characteristics of these samples, with the influence of geographical characteristics. Therefore, we will discuss the source of water resources represented by groundwater in Region.

This study highlighted the actual experience of cataloging calligraphy in the Anbar Central University Library, the challenges it faces in this field, and the extent of its application. The basic descriptive study was used to map to what I took in calligraphy at Anbar University through the tender of calligraphy outlines in the Central Library. The study aims to create a diversity model that includes all the bibliographic information that can be relied upon in the future by university university libraries at the local and regional levels. The study recommends emphasizing the unification of manuscript indexing procedures among all central libraries in Basra for studies on designing a unified database for judicial manuscripts, which has not been achieved. Language prevents repetition.

The current research aimed to measure the level of psychological health of kindergarten teachers. The research sample consisted of (100) teachers randomly selected from kindergartens under the supervision of the Directorate of Education in Baghdad Al-Karkh II. The researcher adopted the measurement tool prepared by Sayed Youssef, and after extracting the psychometric properties of the tool, it was applied to the research sample. The research results indicated that kindergarten teachers enjoy a very good level of psychological health, and conclusions, recommendations, and proposals were reached.

The Jewish minority in Iraq is one of the important religious minorities that played a prominent role throughout the history of Iraq. The Jews had a prominent role in economic activity, as they purchased many agricultural lands and real estate. They also established many banks, companies, and commercial agencies, in Basra, Mosul, and Kirkuk, in addition to... Their control over a large proportion of export and import trade and then over a large proportion of retailers in isolated areas, in addition to their work in the field of money exchange, currency exchange, mortgages, and buying and selling bonds. The Jews in Iraq had a prominent role or effective contribution in various aspects of life in the country, especially in the field of economic activity. They also formed a homogeneous unit from an ethnic standpoint, which led to them preserving their traditions and customs and increasing their connection with the country’s population, as well as their integration into government institutions.

This study aims to monitor the manifestations of the indicative poetry of Al-Fath Al-Busti, contributions to developing the meaning and revolutionizing the connotations hidden aids in the within the poetic interior, drawing on the shared communicative and to investigate their energies of our language and our language nature of our ancient in increasing the liberating Arabic poetry, so into a simple prelude to university studies. Modern, including the style of play, which is mentioned it was transformed exclusively in the study of architecturally diverse text linguistics and the, and the norms of cooperation and communication major language units and the cases included in the distinct textual context are central to linguistic communication .

Environmental migration has become a reality that can no longer be ignored, in light of the continuous increase of displaced people who are forced to move from their homes due to worsening climate changes, which requires giving more priority to their situation, especially after the United Nations expected their numbers to double from 20 million to 50 million. million in 2010, reaching 200 million in 2050.
The factors affecting population movement and movement are natural and human factors, as we find that earthquakes, volcanoes, floods and other natural factors, while human factors are the result of human activity such as wars, conflicts, chemical and biological experiments, soil removal, cutting down of forests and other factors that necessarily lead to population movement, which It is called environmental migration or environmental refugees, and they are people who were forced to leave their original place of residence temporarily or permanently as a result of severe environmental degradation that limited their survival or had a significant impact on their quality of life. Severe environmental degradation here means any natural, chemical or biological changes that occurred normally or It was sudden and disrupted the functions of ecosystems to the point that they became unable to support human life. The researcher will analyze its causes, trends, and consequences from a population geography perspective.

The research aims to identify the effect of the democratic points strategy on the achievement of fourth literary students in the literature, texts and coordination thinking material for them, as the research sample included two groups, one of which was the experimental group and the number of its students was (35) students, the other was the control group and the number of its students was (35) A student, and by random drawing method, the two researchers chose (Al-Qahtaniya Secondary School for Boys) from the research community represented by the secondary and middle schools of the Directorate of Education in Tikrit / Dhuluiya, as the researchers adopted the experimental research approach as a method for conducting their research, which includes an independent variable (esters The democratic points (and two dependent variables) (academic achievement, coordination thinking), as the researchers chose the experimental design to adjust the research variables, and before starting applying the experiment, the researchers rewarded between the two research groups for the purpose of obtaining accurate results with the following variables: (time age calculated by months, previous achievement of students, And Raven's test of intelligence, coordination thinking test), and after conducting equivalence between the two research groups, the researchers prepared the application requirements of plans, goals and tests for the two research groups, and after completing the application of the experiment, the researchers applied their research tools to the two research groups, as the Agesan data for two sets of research, since these data were statistically processed by the test (t - test) for two independent samples showed results, the superiority of the experimental group students on the control group students according to the points of democracy strategy in academic achievement and test coordination thinking.

The goal of the current research is to get to know Imam Nursi (may God have mercy on him) In terms of learning about his life, whichh includes his birth, his family, his educational attainment, his reform project, the stages of his life, and what he called the famous Saeed and Badi’ al-Zaman, as he was no more than fourteen years old, and the old Saeed, And Saeed Al-Jadid, during his lifetime, wrote most of his books, the most prominent of which is (Risa’Il Al-Nour), with all its types and sections, whichh were translated by Professor Hishisan Qasim Al-Salhi from the Turkish language into the Arabic language. Imam Nursi (may God have mercy on him) relied In his writing of the Risala’ an-Nur on his extraordinary memory and his extraordinary memory, when he was able to digest It. From a lot of information and many books, we note that Imam Nursi (may God have mercy on him) dealt In his letters with many topics and Issues that go back In their entirety to addressing the multiple pillars of faith and aspects of human morals, and among the four basic Qur’anic objectives on which he based his deductions: monotheism, and the message ( Prophecy), resurrection, and justice with slavery. It also made man the target of goals, the goal he seeks, and the basic goal he seeks.

Sayid Kadhim Alkhudhari is one of the pulpit orators in Alsamawa city in the first half of the twentieth century. This research has found that this orator has not been under research, which is the main concern of this research to shed light on his biography and influence on oration. AlKhudhari lived in Alnasiriya and moved to Alkhudhir, Alsamawa where he got his surname after the city of Alkhudhir. He was known for his linguistic capability and knowledge, in addition to his style. He was also known for his personal traits that people admire, such as being kind, humble, a good listener, nice companion and good fellow. Such traits made him close to people and those who attend his lectures that were pulpit for guidance, wisdom and knowledge.

The current research aims to:
1-The level of environmental awareness among Geography Department students.
2-The level of sustainable development among students of the Geography Department.
3-The correlation between environmental awareness and sustainable development among students of the Geography Department.
The researcher adopted the descriptive approach in measuring environmental awareness and sustainable development among Geography Department students.
After analyzing the results statistically, the researcher concluded:
It turns out that the tabular value is smaller than the calculated value in both measures, which indicates that the research sample has a good level in (environmental awareness, sustainable development).

The the present research aims at identifying behavior adaptive -making and with social maturity priamary schools students its and you have aviolent that includes amis to identify : the level of adaptive behavior and compettion for primary school students and levela of social maturity for primary school students and relationship between behavior adaptive and social maturity among primary School studen to achieve the research amis : the behaior adaptive making consisting (20) items its final from and social maturity(20) items and after research distributed the scale( 200)primary school out of the total population (85643) individuated .the research used(spss). Used the following statistion methods.. the research arrived the folloing conclusions. 1-there is behavior adaptive - making for primary school students. 2-there is social maturity –making for primary school students. 3-the relationship between behavior adaptive and competition school social maturity conducting simila study on middle school students . it also suggested that school administration pay attention to students who have hostity and develop a spirit of among social maturity then in their interest

Throughout their history, the Canaanites formed a cohesive religious institution that began with the sky, where the gods and their assembly were, then the earth and high places, such as mountains in particular, and temples, then the priests and clerics who were mediators between the gods and people, and the Canaanite beliefs constitute the heart of ancient Levantine worship due to its specificity and the breadth of its heritage. Its spread in coastal cities in the eastern and southern Mediterranean.

The importance of the research is about the study of the water balance of the provinces of Babylon and Al-Qadisiya، using three trademarks the Cottagen equation، the Ivanov equation، the Najib Khallah equation ، and the research included data in the Hilla and Diwaniyah stations. And then the quantitative analysis of the water-climatic balance، which is one of the topics studied by various sciences، applied climatology. Despite the large number of factors affecting the water-climatic balance. One of the climatic factors is the climate، the climate، the climate، the climate، the climate، the climate، the climate، the climate ، the climate. The research relied on the descriptive and analytical approach in analyzing the data as well as the quantitative approach in applying the equations. The search for the quick cook in waterwas the most important of which the climate budget water and climate budgetis the most important estimate in determining water needs in dry and aridregions، which are characterized by irregularity in the precipitation، its fluctuation and seasonality، the study area suffers from a deficit

The aim of the current research is to determine the effect of some percentages of missing data on estimates of individuals’ ability and the difficulty parameter of items according to item response theory. To achieve this goal, the researcher followed scientific steps in the procedures for preparing the abstract visual perception test in accordance with the item response theory, and for the purpose of conducting statistical analysis of the test items. The test was applied to a sample of (500) male and female students in the fourth year of middle school. They were chosen randomly. Thus, the researcher obtained the test data through the students’ response to all test items. Loss was conducted in proportions (5%, 10%, 15%) in a way that achieved the consistency and conditions of complete random loss. After confirming the assumptions of the item response theory, the conformity of the items and individuals to the single-teacher model was examined using the analysis program (BILOG-MG v3). After that, the individuals' ability parameter, difficulty of the items, and standard errors were estimated. Then the researcher used analysis of variance for repeated measurements. The results showed that there was a statistically significant effect in the accuracy of estimating the individuals' ability parameter due to the loss percentage, with a preference for the loss percentage (5%). While it was found that there was a statistically significant effect on the accuracy of estimating the difficulty parameter of the paragraphs, attributed to the loss rate, with a preference for the loss rate (5%).

The research aims to identify:
The effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy based training program in developing Emotional creativity Among university students
The statistical sample of the research consisted of (300) male and female students from four scientific and humanities Colleges, males and females from. As for the experimental research sample, it consisted of (40) male and female students in an experimental group and (40) male and female students in a control group.
results:
The program based onSelf -Efficacy in developing Emotional creativity Among university students effective, and thus rejects the null hypothesis and accepts the alternativeThe researcher got several conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

The current research is summed up by verifying its goal, which is to find a solution to the following question (Does the smart entrance have an impact on the academic achievement of fourth-grade students in physics?), which prompted the researchers to use the experimental method and apply the research experiment intentionally in Al-Shehab Preparatory School for Boys, and the sample was chosen randomly through paper clips. The sample consisted of 70 students, divided into 35 students for the experimental group, and 35 students for the control group after exclusion was made for the purpose of reaching parity between the two groups. The researchers prepared the achievement test as a tool for the current research, consisting of 30 items of objective, multiple-choice type questions. After subjecting the sample to the tool, it was dealt with. Statistically, using appropriate tools for their data in order to achieve the research goal, a noticeable superiority appeared in the rates of increase in the experimental group’s achievement over the control group. In light of this superiority, the researchers in the fourth chapter reached conclusions and recommendations while presenting a set of suggestions.

This research studies referral and the extent of its impact on the cohesion of the Qur’anic text, considering that the Arabic language is the language of eloquence and eloquence because it possesses the tools that enable it to be the expression of the rulings and rules that God Almighty intended. What helped highlight the effect of referral is the Arabic language that abounds in different and diverse pronouns as well as nouns. Pointing and relative nouns. The subject was divided into three sections, the first of which I studied: Referral: its concept, types, and elements. The second section was divided into two topics: In the first section, I dealt with the pronoun in terms of meaning, types, and importance, and in the second section: Pointing and relative nouns, meaning and types. As for the third section, I devoted it to explaining the referral and its effect in the Holy Qur’an, so that Surat Al-Muddathir is an applied model.
Al-Muddaththir a model for application .

This research entitled "The fluctuation of the total quantities of rainfallen and its impact on the fluctuation of the productivity of the wheat crop in the spending of two the two suffoces for the period (2014-2023)" was based on the analytical-quantitative approach to show the extent to which the fluctuation of the total quantities of rainfallen affected the productivity of the wheat crop. The focus was on extracting the total quantities of annual rain and producing the wheat crop for the period from (2014-2023), and then applying different statistical laws to link them and calculate the strength of the relationship and its morale. All this was done by adopting the Excel program, as the results were represented in different tables and graphs to know the amount of fluctuations in the amounts of rain and the productivity of the wheat crop between one year and another for the Khanaqin plant.
It was found through the study that the relationship between the total amounts of rain falling and the quantities of production of the wheat crop during the research period is a extal relationship, that is, the more the total amounts of rain, the higher the quantities of production, the wheat crop and vice versa.

The study sought to find out “the requirements for health enlightenment available in the content of the biology book for the first intermediate grade.” Its sample consisted of all topics in the book’s content, amounting to (27) lessons distributed over (9) chapters within 4 study units. To achieve the goal of the current research, the researcher prepared a tool It includes a list of requirements for health enlightenment. After reviewing the relevant literature and educational studies and research, after ensuring its validity and consistency for the purpose of ensuring the objectivity of the content analysis process, it reached its final form that includes (6) main requirements including (57) sub-requirements. The descriptive “analytical” approach was used because It satisfies the goal of the current research. After completing the analysis process and using appropriate statistical methods, the results were shown after comparing them to the percentage spoken by the arbitrators. The level of inclusion of the health enlightenment requirements was not good. Out of 59 sub-requirements, 32 requirements were neglected and were not mentioned or repeated at all, and 27 requirements were met. In small percentages, these percentages are considered educationally undesirable, and the researcher recommended the necessity of integrating the requirements for health enlightenment into the biology curricula in general, while reconsidering the content of biology for the first intermediate grade, and enriching and developing it according to the requirements for health enlightenment.

Publicity is one of the effective deliberative topics، as modern studies have had a very influential role in describing advertising as the goal of influencing the recipient، and then pushing him to adopt a certain behavior towards something، as it is a daily dimension that we use even in our ordinary speech، because of its functions that are based on communication. For what the speaker wants on the one hand، and on the other hand، to make this work public، he does it out of his desire and inclination towards it. It is close to argumentation and pragmatics، and a harmonious mixture between pragmatics and argumentation، and publicity is one of the most prominent Qur’anic methods that constitute، in its entirety، a fundamental and exoteric dimension on which the Qur’an is based. Al-Kareem in wooing people towards the new religion، and the necessity of adhering to what God has commanded، and then staying away from what he has forbidden، using methods that range between encouragement and intimidation، and social signals that are close to people’s circulation، and the research sheds light on the advertising discourse in the Meccan surahs (Surat Al-Shu’ara’). optionally; To reveal the contents of that advertising speech.

The current research aims to find out “the effectiveness of the beginning-response-evaluation strategy in science achievement among second-year intermediate students.” To verify the goal of the current research, the researcher formulated the following null hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average grades of the experimental group students. who studied according to the beginning-response evaluation strategy in achievement and between the average grades of the control group students who studied according to the traditional method and the same subject. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control for the two groups (experimental and control) with the post-test as an experimental design for this research, and in light of the experimental design she chose The researcher randomly sampled female students in the second intermediate grade from Bismaya School affiliated with the General Directorate of Education of Rusafa II, for the academic year (2023/2024), (first semester), for the purpose of applying the current research, as the research sample consisted of (50) female students who were distributed into two classes. Two studies, one of which represented an experimental group and the other a control group. Each group included (25) female students, and the equality of the two groups was conducted by researching the following variables (chronological age calculated in months, intelligence, previous knowledge, parents’ academic achievement). To conduct the experiment, the researcher identified (15) concepts within The two units (the first and second) of the science textbook prescribed for the second intermediate grade. The researcher confirmed the validity and reliability of the test, measuring its difficulty factor, the discriminatory power of its paragraphs, and the effectiveness of the incorrect alternatives, using special equations for each of them. After the end of the research experiment, the achievement test was applied to the female students of the experimental and control groups, and they were treated The data are statistically significant, and the results showed that the experimental group that studied using the start-response evaluation strategy was superior to the control group that studied the same material in the traditional method. In light of the research results, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The concept of intertextuality is considered one of the vital and effective concepts in literature as one of the topics of work in all fields of literature, in addition to the fact that it is characterized by a general horizon that keeps it away from restriction. Research in the field of application of novel intertextuality found this work in a large way and within broad frameworks, as the novelist Maysloun Hadi was able to benefit from texts. Literary, humanistic and scientific theories and their use in her creative text. The research was able to monitor these intertextualities through the laws and mechanisms of intertextuality The concept of intertextuality is deeply linked to the concepts of dual culture (the culture of the creator and the culture of the recipient) through the text .

The concept of diaspora components and their deliberative connotations at their levels is part of the parts of the term: diaspora, as it has become a critical terminological concept that includes literary, artistic, aesthetic and sensory frameworks with its association with psychology in psychological transformations, which in itself constitutes a descriptive pattern of psychological self-transformations expressed by the writer, poet and artist in the embodiment of each of them for the subjectivity of diaspora and its diaspora components associated with the subjectivity of the personality, which tends towards not finding or losing oneself in replacing an environment with an environment and a society with a society and a homeland with a homeland and culture with a culture in these cases are all critical and deliberative on what we will see in this research.

Countries use information and communications technology to develop the performance of public administration in serving citizens, and have introduced modern technological means, including electronic contracts, the importance of which is reflected in the establishment of electronic administration. The contracts implemented by government agencies, as a means of exchanging and transmitting data and electronic communications, have been reflected in administrative work on the subject of administrative law, including the theory of administrative contracts. The Administrative Law has specified special rules for administrative contracts, whether they can be applied to electronic administrative contracts, and clarifies the method of resolving disputes within the framework of electronic administrative contracts. Whether arbitration is consistent with the concepts of administrative contracts and their connection to public facilities and the treatment of these issues.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the reflection strategy on the achievement of first-year intermediate students in the Holy Qur’an and Islamic education and to develop their Critical thinking. For the purpose of verifying the research objective, the researcher developed three null hypotheses, and adopted the experimental method for two equal research groups with a pre-test and a post-test for the achievement of the Islamic education subject and the pre-test. In the dimension of Critical thinking, the research sample consisted of first-year intermediate students (53) students who were distributed into two groups, one of which represented the experimental group (26) students who studied according to the reflection strategy, and the second represented the control group (27) students who studied according to the usual method. Equivalence was conducted in variables that included (chronological age, grade of the Holy Qur’an subject for the previous year, general average for the previous year, pre-test of Critical thinking, academic achievement of the parents), and the researcher prepared two research tools represented by the achievement test consisting of (25) items, and the Critical thinking test. It consists of (20) items. The validity and reliability of the two tests were extracted, and after analyzing the results statistically using the statistical package (SPSS), the results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the achievement test and the Critical thinking test. In light of the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to determine the extent of the success of the “I draw” strategy in developing dictation skills in the test among female third-year primary school students. To achieve the weakness of the research, the following two hypotheses were developed:
• There is no statistically significant difference between the averages of the group of female students in the experimental group who studied the success of the “Draw It” strategy, and the average group, including the female students in the control group who took the traditional choice, in the dictation skills test, which is another final test.
• There is no statistically significant difference between the average of the cheap experiments group in the pre-test of dictation skills, and the average of the female students of the same group who studied the “I draw it” strategy in the pre-test of dictation. Skills test.
The current research population is represented by Al-Hawraa Primary School for Girls, which includes three groups (A, B, and C), which were randomly selected: Section (C), which includes (30) students to represent the experimental group, and Section (A), which includes (29) students to represent the control group. Thus, the research sample amounted to (59) female students, and the researcher conducted parity between the female students of the two groups in the following variables: - (the previous year’s grades, the parents’ academic achievement, and the pre-test). Then the researcher identified the topics that would be studied during the experiment period, and set behavioral goals. For these topics, the number of behavioral objectives reached 50, She formulated teaching plans for each of these topics, and as soon as the researcher finished the experiment, she quickly applied the post-test of dictation skills. Various statistical methods were used to deal with the data. Then the data was analyzed, and there were results, including: - There was a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0, 05) between the average scores of the students of the two research groups in the post-dictation skills test in favor of the experimental group, and based on the results, it recommended a number of proposals and recommendations.

The current research aims to identify the level of differentiated learning among a sample of male and female teachers, as well as to reveal the level of cognitive belief for the same sample, as well as to find significant differences in the variable according to gender and specialization on the sample consisting of (300) male and female teachers, as the sample was distributed proportionately according to the variables of gender and academic specialization. The researcher prepared a scale to measure differentiated learning as well as a scale for cognitive belief, and after presenting them to a committee of experts to determine the validity of the items in measuring what he set out to measure, the researcher reached the following results:
1- Male and female teachers have an average level of differentiated learning.
2-There is no statistically significant difference in differentiated learning according to the gender variable.
3-There is no statistically significant difference in differentiated learning according to the academic specialization variable.
4-Male and female teachers have a high level of cognitive belief.
5-There is a statistically significant difference in cognitive belief according to the gender variable, and it was in favor of males.
6-There is no significant difference depending on the academic specialization.

female students from the second intermediate class, who are studying social studies at the Directorate of Education, Rusafa / First. As the sample of the research was randomly chosen from the students of the Hariri Elementary School located in the Naguib Pasha region in Adhamiya, in a simple random way, two middle-class divisions were also chosen and distributed in two groups - the traditional way in experimental and taught according to the cartoon and comic method, and the control group taught according to the usual method, after the researcher conducted parity operations between the two groups in the following variables (students' chronological age, academic achievement for the previous year 2017-2018, and intelligence). In order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared an achievement test consisting of 30 paragraphs including conducting similar studies in other dependent variables, including developing creative and contemplative thinking and developing geographical concepts, as the researcher also suggested conducting other studies in variables of other levels of education for both genders.

The current research aims to study the characteristics of the topography and its slope by adopting the data of the digital elevation model (DEM) with an accuracy of 30 x 30 meters. The model was completely identical to the zinc classification with five regression classes. As for the characteristics of the surface water runoff, it was found that it has a low concentration time (3.3, 2.9, and 2.9) hours for the main Afkhana basins and the first and second basins, respectively. In the main Afkhan basin (5.8) hours, and standard in its first and second secondary basins (1.6 and 1.8) hours, respectively, and according to the order. As for the rest of the parameters related to surface water runoff, such as the base time, the ideal standard time for rainfall, the duration of runoff, the runoff volume, the runoff peak, and the runoff strength The duration of the gradual rise of the torrents and the flood coefficient all showed record results that reflected the severity criterion, as they were all formed, according to the severity criterion, a maximum risk. Thus, the surface water runoff in the Afkhan basin needs dams to block the runoff and reservoir dams, and also needs to divert and lengthen the water runoff.

This research sheds light on the impact of oil on social development in Kirkuk during the period (1937-1939 AD), considering that oil has many effects on all aspects of life, and is considered the basis for renaissance and progress at all economic, social and urban levels. The discovery of oil in Kirkuk in 1927 AD, It had a significant impact on social development in Iraq in general and Kirkuk in particular during the period (1937-1939 AD), as it was compared to other oil field cities in Iraq during that period, and this is due to the large size of its reserves, which had an impact on the population increase that Kirkuk witnessed. During the study period, which was reflected in population growth, health, education, and urbanization.
A dispute occurred between the French and British governments, after the flow of oil in huge quantities in Kirkuk, and the dispute was represented in a dispute between their subsidiaries that contribute to the Turkish Oil Company (T.P.C.)) regarding the route of the pipeline to be established; Britain and Iraq wanted the pipeline to pass through the Emirate of Transjordan to the port of Haifa in Palestine, while France wanted the pipeline to pass through one of the ports of Syria or Lebanon, which led to a delay in the start of work on establishing this line.
This dispute between Britain and France ended with the construction of two lines from (Kirkuk) to (Haditha), from which the line branches into two branches: one is northern, heading to (Tripoli), and the other is southern, heading to (Haifa). The construction work of the line continued for more than two years. It was opened for business in January 1935 AD, increasing the importance of Kirkuk and playing a role in its social development.

This research aimed to investigate the "effectiveness of teaching using POSSE Moon strategy in acquiring chemical concepts and reflective thinking among fourth intermediate grade female students." The research was guided by two null hypotheses:
1. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who were taught according to the POSSE Moon strategy and the mean scores of the control group students who were taught according to the traditional method in acquiring chemical concepts.
2. There is no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who were taught according to the POSSE Moon strategy and the mean scores of the control group students who were taught according to the traditional method in the post-test in the reflective thinking scale.
The research used a two-group experimental design, one group experimental and the other quasi-experimental with a post-test. The study population consisted of all fourth intermediate grade female students in the scientific branch of the intermediate and secondary schools affiliated to the Baghdad Education Directorate / Rusafa First for the academic year (2023-2024). The Al-Zahraa Girls' Secondary School was intentionally selected to represent the study sample, with a total of (82) students distributed over three academic classes (A, B, C). Two classes were randomly selected (simple randomization) (B, A) as the research sample. After excluding the failing students, the number of students in the experimental and control groups was approximately (50) students, with (25) students for the experimental group (B) who were taught according to the POSSE Moon strategy and (25) students for the control group (A) who were taught according to the traditional method. The two groups were matched in terms of intelligence, previous achievement, and previous information. The experiment was conducted in the first semester of the academic year (2023-2024). The scientific material was defined as the first chapters of the chemistry book prescribed for the fourth scientific grade T12 for the year 2023, Ministry of Education, Republic of Iraq. In the topics (basic concepts in chemistry, gases, organic chemistry) the behavioral objectives were identified, represented in the cognitive domain within the six levels of Bloom's taxonomy of the cognitive domain, and the number of behavioral objectives was approximately (150). The researcher prepared (14) lesson plans according to the POSSE Moon strategy to teach the experimental group students and their equivalent according to the traditional method to teach the control group students.
To test the validity of the two null hypotheses, the researcher prepared a test for the chemical concepts defined previously, consisting of (30) objective paragraphs of the multiple-choice type with four alternatives. A test of reflective thinking skills was also prepared, consisting of (20) objective paragraphs of the multiple-choice type. The validity and reliability of the tools were verified, and the reliability of the test was extracted using the (Kuder-Richardson 20) equation, which was (0.80), in addition to extracting the psychometric properties of the tools. The results of the study, using the t-Test for two independent samples, showed that the experimental group students who were taught according to the POSSE Moon strategy outperformed the control group students who were taught according to the traditional method in acquiring chemical concepts, as the calculated t-Test was (3.19) at the level (0.05).
The results also showed that the experimental group that was taught according to the POSSE Moon strategy outperformed the control group that was taught according to the traditional method in the achievement test and the reflective thinking scale test, as the calculated t-Test was (3.19) at the level of significance (0.05). Based on the foregoing, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

The aim of this research is to know the attitudes of Al-Mustansiriya University students towards hidden camera programs on Arab satellite channels, and the habits, patterns and motivations of their following this type of programme. This research belongs to descriptive research, in which the researcher relied on the media survey approach for a sample of Al-Mustansiriya University students, and the researcher identified his research population. The preliminary study was conducted exclusively in the morning study by students of Al-Mustansiriya University, and a sample of (160) respondents was chosen to represent the research community according to the multi-stage sample. Among the most prominent results reached by the research are the following:
• The results showed that the majority of the sample members follow the Brahms program, with a percentage of (34.21%), followed by the Shock program in second place, with a percentage of (23.58%), and the Tony program with a percentage of (19.60%).
• The results indicated that the respondents spend an hour watching hidden camera programs, their percentage reached (72.50%), followed by (20%) for the (less than an hour) category, and then came the (one hour and more) category with a percentage of (7.50%).
• The results showed a clear tendency for the respondents towards the following cognitive component statements: (The content of the hidden camera programs contributed to flattening the viewer’s mind for me) and (The content of the hidden camera programs contributed to breaching privacy and destroying the values of society for me) and (The content of the hidden camera programs did not expand my awareness mentality about the topics he raises because he relies on useless methods of ridicule, defamation, and belittlement), meaning that the respondents support these statements with a high percentage of agreement.

This research seeks to discover (the effectiveness of the thinking aloud strategy for solving problems in science achievement among first-year intermediate students). To achieve this goal, the researcher selected (71) students from the first intermediate grade in Al-Azamaa School, which is affiliated with the Baghdad Education Directorate / Al-Rusafa II. The number of students in the experimental group was (37) and (34) in the control group. The researcher gave the students of both groups Different rewards in terms of variables. The chronological age of the students, the father’s academic achievements, the mother’s academic achievements, and their academic achievements in the previous academic year. After distributing the scientific materials, the researcher set (75) behavioral goals and developed a model teaching plan for each student. To measure the success of first-year intermediate students, the researcher created a test containing (30) test items to measure its validity and reliability, after using research tools. Statistical analysis of the results revealed the superiority of the experimental group in tests measuring achievement. The researcher also noted that the majority of literature dedicated to allowing students to be themselves is the appropriate focus. The pivotal point in the educational process that leads to the conclusion that the learner is engaged in the process is active learning. In addition, the strategy of using it in the teaching profession can enhance effective communication between teachers and students. Other than student communication, which promotes the stimulation of quantitative and qualitative thinking, it is recommended that students engage in problem-solving activities in addition to the typical classroom experience (thinking together to solve problems). Active learning strategies that focus on improving students' mental abilities.