Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences

This paper aims to investigate in which extent of the possibility of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) to reduce the degree of conservatism in the financial statements of Iraqi companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange (ISX). The sample was represented by 10 Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq stock exchange for the period from 2012-2017 (3 years before IFRS and 3 years after IFRS). This paper was based on a major hypothesis is that IFRS has a negative effect on the Conservatism in the balance sheet and income statement, we find that the IFRS have a significant affect the conservatism in the balance sheet only. but the income statement, IFRS has no significant negative impact on it.

The research aims to verifying the role that the audit committee (independent) can play in the economic entities of Iraq to protect the rights of non-controlling shareholders by limiting earning management practices to improve the earning quality in 2020. The study was conducted according to an exploratory method to collect data through questionnaire tool for a sample academics and working professionals respectively academic and professional institutions in the field of accounting and auditing. The research found that there is a direct correlation relationship with statistical significance under the level of 5% between mechanism of audit committee (independent) and the earning quality, as the value of the correlation between them reached 0.595. Mechanism of audit committee (independent) has a significant effect on the earning quality, the research recommended the necessity of making fundamental amendments to the Iraqi companies law No. 21 of 1997 amending the year 2004 in a manner that ensures the formulation and construction of a solid corporate governance system. Including the formation of the audit committee that contributes to reducing agency conflicts especially the conflict between the controlling shareholders and the non-controlling shareholders.

The interest in the performance of government units has gradually led to more dependence on external auditing, and the constant pressure towards re-designing new evaluation strategies at the global level has led to the entrance to the strategic audit as a mechanism to improve accountability and oversight of these units to support their overall performance and gain public confidence. As the nature of strategic auditing crystallized through the holistic and integrated approach to auditing, focusing on confirming the harmony between the unit’s operations and its strategic goals, and measuring them in a phased manner towards adding value, and expanding the base of predicting the unit’s ability to achieve its goals. As the strategic auditor plays the role of a researcher who intends to access expanded data on the unit dependent on the methods Quantity is mainly for showing value systems. On the theoretical side, the research dealt with the intellectual approaches to government auditing, while touching on the common aspects between the concept of re-engineering and the strategic approach to auditing towards improving the performance of government units. The research also included, in its practical aspect, an analytical study based on the official statistical reports of the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment for three years (2016-2018) to prove the hypotheses and extract the important results and recommendations.

The research aims to explain the role of cleaner production and the impact of its application on the economic unit costs, its tools and techniques that contribute to supporting and achieving sustainable competitive advantage by raising the environmental and financial performance of the economic unit and reducing the rates of environmental pollution and producing sustainable environmentally friendly products. In order to meet competitive challenges and achieve social, economic and environmental development, and analysis the internal and external environment of the economic unit through the entrances of the sustainable competitive advantage to determine the appropriate competitive strategies for it, and the adoption of the cleaner production strategy helps in the foundation optimum yields for available resources and reduce energy consumption, which contributes to reducing costs, increasing productivity, achieving growth and persistence, improving product quality and increasing market share. To achieve the research goal, the researchers relied on the descriptive approach through relying on books and periodicals and foreign and Arab articles, theses and dissertations related to the topic of research. The researchers reached to a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the use of cleaner production costs contributes to achieving a sustainable competitive advantage and the production of environmentally friendly products that meet environmental requirements.

The current research seeks to achieve several objectives, including knowing the extent of the audit directorate of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and General Municipalities of the International Standard (ISO19011:2018) regarding determining the efficiency and evaluation of auditors and diagnosing the gap between requirements and application and knowing the reasons for not applying some of the items in the standard, starting from the problem, The field raised the following question (Does the audit directorate determine the efficiency and evaluation of auditors according to the standard ISO19011:2018?), and the importance of research lies in determining the return that can be achieved by the directorate through its application of standards and requirements for efficiency and evaluation of auditors according to the international standard (ISO19011:2018) with its latest release. the research relied on the case study method using the Check List prepared according to the requirements of the competency and evaluation requirements of the auditors in the International Standard (ISO19011: 2018), The interviews were conducted and documents and field coexistence were measured through which the extent of application and documentation of this requirement was measured. The researcher used the Pareto scheme to diagnose the most influencing requirements in the application of the competency requirement and to evaluate the auditors according to the international standard ISO19011: 2018. Among the most prominent results that the research came up with is the availability of the ability to apply an efficiency requirement and the evaluation of auditors according to the international standard ISO19011:2018 partly in the directorate due to the lack of financial allocations and the lack of human resources with expertise and the weakness of specialized training programs in addition to weak material and moral incentives as well as the process affected by the Personal evaluation, which requires hard work to reach the integrated application of the requirement.

As a result of the great development in the economic field and the expansion of banking activities, it is necessary to have an effective control activity to audit and detect errors or manipulations. Manipulation to a minimum of 3.4 per million opportunities, this method is the use of the Six Sigma approach to activate and improve the components of internal control through Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) as one of those components under the framework of the committee of sponsoring organizations COSO.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the theoretical side of the Six Sigma approach and the components of internal control through (ERM) were presented as one of those components according to the framework of COSO and the relationship between them, the research concluded with a set of theoretical and field conclusions, the most important of which are: the internal control components are considered through (ERM) according to the COSO framework in Gihan bank for Islamic Investment and Finance is largely appropriate to the application procedures through the checklist paragraphs on the importance of applying the Six Sigma approach to internal control components via (ERM) according to the COSO framework as it was 84%, and the most important research recommended is to strengthen the role of internal control through developing its employees and developing the skills and abilities to diagnose deviations.