Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences

Research goals :
Constructing situations to measure the offensive tactical behavior of Futsal players using virtual reality technology, Setting standards and levels for the offensive tactical behavior of Futsal players using virtual reality technology.
The research community included the Futsal players of the Iraqi Premier League clubs for the season 2020-2021, who numbered at the time of the experiment (258) players distributed over (16) clubs, and they are: (Police, Nationality, Municipality of Baghdad, Air Force, Army, the Refineries) clubs. (from the central region), (the Basra oil, the South, the South gas, the South Refineries, Uruk, the municipality of Nasiriyah) clubs (from the southern region), (the Central oil, the Eastern) clubs (from the middle Euphrates), (Shahrban, the North gas) clubs (from the northern region)), while the research sample consisted of (128) players representing a percentage of (49.61%) of the total research community.
A number of exploratory experiments were conducted, in addition to using the following scientific coefficients : reliability by retesting, Face validity , Intrinsic validity , discriminant validity for the upper and lower groups, discriminant validity for opposing groups, and objectivity.
it was reached (5) situations are which represents the whole behavior of the offensive tactics for Futsal players from kick in.
The researcher used the following statistical methods:
Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, (T) test for independent and equal samples, percentage , mode, skew coefficient, chi-square test, modified standard score (6-δ).
Among the most important findings of the researcher are the following:
- As a result of following the scientific methods for the tests constructing , a number of offensive situations for the tactical behavior using virtual reality technology for futsal players were obtained , with good scientific basis of validity , stability , objectivity and normal distribution.
- The success of virtual reality technology in evaluating the level of offensive tactical behavior of futsal players.

The research aims to:
. Identifying the values of some kinematic variables, accuracy and response speed of the research sample.
. Detecting the relationship between the values of some biokinematic variables and the ability to quick responsiveness to the penalty kick (10 meters) with the front of the foot of the (FUTSAL) players.
. Revealing the relationship between the values of some biokinematic variables and the accuracy of the penalty kick (10 meters) with the front of the foot of the (FUTSAL) players.
The researchers hypothesized the following:
. Existence of statistically significant relationship between the values of some vital kinetic variables and the ability to quick responsiveness to the penalty kick (10 meters) with the front of the foot of the players (FUTSAL).
. Existence of a statistically significant relationship between the values of some biokinematic variables and the accuracy of the penalty kick (10meters) with the front of the foot of the (FUTSAL) players.
The researchers used the descriptive approach in the correlative method for its relevance and the nature of the research, and the research sample was chosen deliberately, represented by the players of the Nineveh Competencies Sports Club in the game of futsal, which numbered (8) players, and the researcher used (personal interview - scientific sources and references - questionnaire - test and measurement - Scientific and technical observation) as means of data collection. The research sample was photographed using a camera number (1) at a speed of 240 images / sec and placed to the right of the player. As for the statistical methods used by the researcher, they are (percentage - arithmetic mean - standard deviation - coefficient of variation - T-test for independent samples - simple correlation coefficient(.

The research aims to:
- Preparing the organizational cohesion questionnaire in the directorates of youth and sports in Iraq.
- Identifying the level of organizational cohesion in the directorates of youth and sports in Iraq from the point of view of the sport division’s cadres in them.
The Researchers used the descriptive approach in its survey method, and the research community included (192) employees of the sports division’s cadres affiliated to the youth and sports directorates, which numbered (17) directorates distributed over (15) governorates, The exploratory sample, preparation, and application were randomly selected with (8, 101, 66) employees, respectively, To collect information, a questionnaire was prepared for organizational cohesion, which included dimensions (the level of information exchange between different departments, the level of mutual support and cooperation among the directorate members, the degree of senior managers’ respect for employees, and the degree of tolerance for failure within the directorate), The Researchers applied it after the availability of scientific conditions in it, and the data were processed statistically using the arithmetic mean, percentage, simple correlation coefficient, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.
The Researchers drew several conclusions, including:
- The effectiveness of the organizational cohesion questionnaire for the directors of youth and sports directorates in Iraq was verified from the viewpoint of its sport division’s cadres after reaching its preparation according to scientific procedures.
-The directorates of youth and sports in Iraq have a medium level of organizational cohesion from the viewpoint of their sport division’s cadres.

The importance of the topic lies in the fact that it is a modern term that has been addressed to avoid the negatives of previous leadership methods. Through the current research, the dimensions of soft leadership will be clarified and its aspects covered to help researchers develop other future research by taking advantage of the tool that will be prepared, and this research can also come out with results And recommendations that the deans of faculties can benefit from in managing their facultiesThe aim of the aim of the research is to identify the level of soft leadership in its dimensions for the deans of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences from the point of view of the members of the college councils and the Division officials, and the descriptive approach was used in the survey method. Members of the college councils are divided into (6) colleges, and in collecting data, a soft leadership questionnaire was prepared after verifying its validity and stability , development and training), and professional ethics have attained a very high level.

The current research aims at:
1- Preparing a questionnaire for organizational improvisation for the directors of sports and school activity departments in Iraq.
2- Identifying the level of organizational improvisation for the directors of sports and school activities from the point of view of the sports technical supervisors.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method and in the method of correlative relations, and the research community represented (239) technical and sports supervisors working in the departments of sports and school activity in Iraq. To collect the information, a questionnaire was prepared for the dimensions of organizational improvisation, represented by (creativity, adaptation, intuition, awareness of risks, opportunities, building a solution) and the researchers applied it after the availability of scientific conditions in it. Two independent and Cronbach coefficients, the researchers concluded the following:
1- Reaching to prepare a questionnaire for organizational improvisation for the directors of sports and school activity departments in Iraq, and its effectiveness was verified from the viewpoint of the sports technical supervisors in these departments.
2- The directors of the sports and school activity departments enjoy a high level of organizational improvisation from the point of view of the sports technical supervisors, in line with their possession of the foundations and rules of its formation, which include the ability to find appropriate solutions, implement adaptation processes, and invest their creative characteristics, intuitive capabilities and expertise by perceiving risks, as well as having an average level in their exploitation of opportunities.

The research aims to build a measure of investment requirements for sports activities in sports tourism in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq? The research community included employees of the Tourism Authority, sports specialists at the Ministry of Culture and Youth, the Olympic Committee members, and the members of the excellent sports clubs in the Kurdistan Region.
They numbered (225) individuals, and after verifying the standard characteristics represented by indicators of validity and reliability, the sports tourism scale became in its final form, consisting of (46) items, divided into six axes - administrative requirements - human and material resources - laws and legislation - technical aspects - societal - political culture. And security, the researchers concluded to build a scale for sports tourism in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, which included six axes and forty-six items. The researchers recommended applying the scale to samples of workers in the ministries of tourism, youth, and sports in the Kurdistan region

The study aims to:
Identifying orientation toward life among distinguished high school students.
The study was conducted on search from distinguished high school students in Mosul city, the sample consists of (55) students the researchers have used Identifying orientation toward life(Alawy.1998 ) and the validity and stability of the measurement tools of the current research. the researchers have used the statistical tools measured with (SPSS) to obtain the research samples which include (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient and percentage). After obtaining The researchers concluded The presence of desire and motivation among the members of the research sample Posts in sports activities, and recommended to enhance orientation toward life among distinguished high school students through Posts in sports activities

The research aims to identify the possibility of distinguishing between strength tests (characterized by speed and explosiveness) for sports practitioners. The sample consisted of (100) players distributed on clubs (Al-Fatwa football, Mosul football, Mosul municipality football, Mosul municipality basketball, and Nineveh governorate volleyball team). As for the research tools, they included field tests for the two characteristics of strength, speed and explosive power. It included (21) field tests, of which (11) were designed.
- Factor analysis of strength tests characterized by speed and explosive power for sports practitioners concluded to seven factors.
- Using factor analysis, repetition did not have a basis for distinguishing between tests, as it represents the force characteristic of speed or explosive power, in absolute terms, but rather it appeared in relative terms.
-The part of the body participating in the test had a clear impact on the appearance of factors at the expense of the repetition of performance in the tests.
- The seven factors that emerged from the factorial structure of sports practitioners called the following names:
● The first factor (muscular ability of the vertical jump).
● The second factor (muscular ability of the arms).
● The third factor (muscular ability of the horizontal jump).
● The fourth factor (muscular strength of the arm and trunk).
● The fifth factor (the speed characteristic of the arms).
● The sixth factor (the speed characteristic of the abdominal muscles).
● The seventh factor (the speed characteristic of the legs and trunk).

The aim of the research is to identify the significance of the differences between two water temperatures (normal and high) in the volume of oxygen consumption relative to the junior swimmers. They were chosen deliberately, and to collect information, the researcher used technical tests and measurements, observation, and field interview, as means of data collection. The data were treated statistically through the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-Test for the related samples, and the coefficient of variation, and the researchers concluded the following:
. The water in high water temperature when physical effort 400 meters free swimming did not cause a noticeable increase in (comparative volume of oxygen consumed) compared to normal water temperature.
The researchers also recommended the following:
- Using high water temperature in closed swimming pools for treatment and entertainment only, and not using it by trainers for long-term swimmer training programs, especially junior swimmers, because it has a negative impact on low swimmers’ abilities.
- Conducting a study similar to the current study and comparing junior and advanced swimmers and between males and females at different water temperatures

Objectives :
- Psychological effects relationship between social distancing and team cohesion among football players .
Research hypothesis :
-There is a statistically significant relationship between psychological effects of social distancing and sport team cohesion in research sample .
-The researcher used descriptive approach that cuase its suitable and nature of research They also used two measures of psychological effects of social distancing and a measure of team cohesion on applicants sample consisting of (54) players that representing football players .The research society consisted football clubs players of second and third level in Nineveh government that been selected regularly . The research sample consisted ( 306) players represented (14) clubs from second and third level in Nineveh government . The researchers used Statistical package ( spss ) to have Mean , standard deviation , Test ( T ) for two independent samples , Pearson correlation coefficient .
The results showed: There are statistically significant differences in the level of psychological effects of social distancing among football players. Through the results, the researchers recognized the existence of significant differences between the psychological effects of social distancing,
and team cohesion among the research sample.
The researchers recommended to reduce the psychological effects of social distancing among players by adhering to preventive measures and motivating them through the media, as well as supporting them financially and morally, which has repercussions on the team cohesion

The aim of the research is to prepare a questionnaire about job competencies with its dimensions (leadership, behavioral, professional) for the directors of student activities departments in Iraqi universities from the point of view of their sports staff. By survey method, the research sample consisted of (524) members distributed over (16) universities.
To achieve the objectives of the research, it required preparing a questionnaire of job competencies with its dimensions and verifying its validity and stability, and in statistical data processing, percentage, arithmetic mean, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), Spearman-Brown equation, Alpha Cronbach equation were used. The two researchers concluded to enhance the functional competencies of the directors of student activities departments in Iraqi universities from the point of view of their sports staff, and to adopt professional competencies and emphasize their development through the work of training and development workshops

The goal of the research build a list of evaluation of the supervisory competencies of physical education supervisors from the point of view of teachers and teachers in the city of Mosul. It was chosen in the random way from teachers and teachers of physical education of both sexes, which number (233), which constitutes (28%) of the research community, and the researchers used the analysis of sources, questionnaire and personal interview to collect data on the study, where the content of a group of sources was analyzed to determine The supervisory competencies of the educational supervisor and specialization, followed by the formulation of a group of paragraphs representing the competencies, and scientific transactions for the questionnaire were found from the sincerity of the arbitrators, as it was presented to (16) experts and the transactions of the sincerity of the internal consistency of the questionnaire and constructive honesty and the researchers conducted steps to ensure the stability of the questionnaire, yet Its application to the exploratory sample personnel in two ways are the mid -retail method, and the method of alpha coloring laboratories. The data for the statistical treatment of the SPSS program was discharged to find repetitions, mathematical averages, standard deviations, percentages, Pearson's correlation laboratories, Spirran Brown connection laboratories, Getman's equation, Alpha-Carronbach correlation laboratories, T.ST test, Levin test and range equation and after to become a questionnaire with his image The final from (67) a paragraph divided into nine supervisory competencies

This study aimed to reveal the effect of the Question Network and Peer Education Strategies in learning some basic football skills for students. The study relied on the experimental method, and the study sample consisted of (40) students from the academic year (2021-2022) in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Duhok, and we divided them into two groups, with (20) students per group.
We chose the first year students by the intentional method, and the two experimental groups were set using simple random method, and we studied the first experimental group according to the Question Network Strategy, while the second experimental group studied using the Peer Education Strategy, and the implementation of the educational curriculum took (6) weeks, on an average of (12) educational unit for each of the two strategies (Question Network and Peer Education) from (30/11/2021) to (18/1/2022).
It consisted of two units per week for each educational group, and the Educational Unit Time was (90) minutes, and parity was made between the members of the two groups in the variables of (Age, Height, Weight, and the Skills to be learned), and the research tools were consisted of testing specified skills in football. After completing the implementation of the program, the post-test was conducted, and the two researchers used the Statistical Program (spss) to process the data of the research. The two researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which are:
- The first experimental group, (Network of Questions), outperformed the second experimental group (Peer education), in the rates of the post-measurement variable from the Pre-measurement of (Scoring, Handling, Suppression and Rolling) skills in football under research.
- The Question-network and the Peer-education strategies are among the effective strategies in learning basic football skills, with reference to the post- measurement results

The aim of the search is to:
- Building a psychological counseling program to reduce future anxiety and develop sports values among students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
- Identifying the impact of the psychological program in reducing future anxiety among students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Science.
- Identifying the differences in the post-test in reducing the level of future anxiety between the experimental and control groups.
- Identifying the impact of the psychological program on developing sports values for students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Science.
- Identifying the differences in the post-test in the development of sports values between the experimental and control groups among students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Science.
The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the experimental research sample was deliberately selected from the students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / College of Basic Education / University of Mosul, whose number is (22) students, to represent the sample of the experimental research after their grades were arranged in descending order (20). ) students were randomly divided into two groups, the first group included (10) students to represent the experimental group, while the second group included (10) students to represent the control group.
The researchers found:
. The effectiveness of the selective counseling program in improving the level of sportsmanship among the players of some teams of the College of Basic Education in team games.
. There are significant differences between the pre and post tests in sportsmanship and in favor of the post test for the experimental group

The search aims to:
- Identifying the effect of individual exercises in developing the tactical performance of futsal players.
- Identifying the effect of group exercises in developing the tactical performance of futsal players.
- Identifying the differences in the two post-tests for the two groups in developing the tactical performance of the futsal players.
The researcher used the experimental method because it is appropriate and appropriate to the nature of the research.
The research sample and society included the players of Sheikhan Football Club for Futsal for the sports season (2021-2022), who are (12) players, distributed into two groups, each group consisting of (6) players, the first group used exercises and individual games, while the second group used exercises and team games.
The statistical bag (spss) was used to extract and obtain data related to the research.
The following conclusions have been obtained:
- The two programs prepared according to the individual and group exercises for the two groups proved its impact on the tactical performance of the futsal players.
- The group that used group exercises outperformed the group that used individual exercises in the research variables.
- There was no superiority in the two tests (pre and post) and for the two groups regarding the variable (arrangement and organization), as it did not reach the level of significance.
- There were differences in the two post-tests between the two groups in the variable (speed of schematic thinking and flexibility of schematic thinking) and in favor of the group that used group exercises.
Based on the results of the research, the researcher recommends the following:
- Emphasis on diversifying individual and group exercises that resemble competition situations and linking them with play plans.
- Reliance on trainers with experience and scientific training certificate in the exercises for the women's teams.
- The use of complex games and exercises that help the players to understand and develop their tactical performance.

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of classroom behavior of the teacher among the eighth grade students for both sexes and the pleasure of the lesson of physical education and the relationship between each of the behavior and pleasure of the research sample. The researchers used the descriptive approach in its survey style to achieve the objectives and hypotheses of their research. As for the research sample, the research sample was chosen by the intentional method, by selecting (15) schools for boys and (15) schools for boys, specifically (10) male and female students from each school, and the total number was (150) students. And (150) female students. The researchers prepared and translated the two scales (classroom behavior and learning motivation) and after unpacking the data, the researchers used the statistical bag (spss).
The results of the study revealed that the students, in general, were satisfied with the teacher's behavior. There are no statistical differences between male and female students in relation to the teacher's behavior. It turns out that the students in general were motivated to learn in the lesson of physical education. There are significant differences between male and female students in learning motivation and in favor of students

The aim of the current research is to identify the sources of psychological stress among male and female physical education teachers in basic schools in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and the significance of differences in those sources according to demographic variables: (gender, governorate, and age). The sample consisted of (480) male and female teachers who were chosen in a stratified random manner from the four governorates (Erbil, Dohuk, Sulaymaniyah and Halabja) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The researchers relied on the scale of the sources of psychological stress that they prepared, consisting of (40) items distributed on five dimensions or sources. Indicators of the scale's validity and reliability were confirmed.
The data were treated statistically using the arithmetic means and standard deviations, in addition to using the t-test for one sample and for two independent samples, and analysis of variance. The results indicated that the level of pressures in two sources, namely the pressures of teaching and the pressures of the school environment, was high, and in contrast, it was found that the level of pressures in two sources, namely professional pressures and family pressures, was low, while the level of pressures in the source of personal pressures was medium. It was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the sources of stress due to the
variables of governorate, gender and age. In light of the results of the research, a number of recommendations and proposals were presented

The research aims to reveal the effect of compound exercises on some physical characteristics of tennis players and the effect of compound exercises on the level of forehand and backhand performance of tennis players. The researcher used the experimental method by designing a single experimental group with the use of pre- and post-tests due to its suitability to the nature of the study. The research sample was chosen intentionally from tennis juniors under (16) years old. The number of these juniors reached (22) juniors from (Sanur Club) Sports in Erbil Governorate in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq.
The researcher made sure of the homogeneity of the sample in the factors influencing the research, and he showed that the training program showed a positive effect on the physical characteristics of junior tennis players, in the variables (transitional speed - agility - strength characterized by speed) for the benefit of the post-tests, and the training program to improve some physical characteristics showed a positive effect. On the performance of forehand and backhand skills among junior tennis players for post-tests.

The current research aims to:
- Design of a proposed training curriculum using line exercises for some physical variables for lounge footballers of the football school of Al Noor.
- Recognize the effectiveness of line exercises in some of the physical variables of lounge footballers of the Ball Light School between the experimental group and the control.
- Discrepancies in line exercises are identified on some of the physical variables of the lounge footballers of Al Noor Football School between the experimental group and the control group.
The researcher assumed:
- There are no statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in some physical variables for the five-a-side football players in the experimental group.
- There are no statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in some physical variables for the five-a-side football players in the control group.
- There are no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in some physical variables for futsal players in the post-test.

The aim of the research is to identify the value of some mechanical variables before and after hitting the ground at a certain angle when the ball is rolled freely for each type of ball (basketball, handball, and football). The importance of the research stems from studying the variance in directions of the balls in their respective playing fields when rolled at a certain angle and rebounding at a different angle and this is when the circumference is fixed. adopted a method of tracking the movement of various types of balls (basketball, handball, and football) when they are in a free-rolling position in a constant environment. In ball competitions we find that the players can not accurately control inbound balls, especially a rebounding ball, and do not accurately predict or determine the distance of the ball’s rebound in order to take the correct location to put down the ball or score it.

Background: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a technique that applies resistance to the diaphragm and other muscles involved in inhalation and provides numerous physiological benefits, to enhance their power and function capacity. Purpose: To determine the influence of an 8-week IMT on Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV). Methods: The research design incorporated both pre- and post-tests over 8 weeks. The sample of the study included twenty healthy participants who experience moderate daily physical activities. The sample was allocated at random to either the experimental group, which underwent an IMT training program, or the control group, which continued with their daily routine. The experimental group utilized a "big breath" threshold device to enhance their respiratory muscles. ANCOVA test was used to process the pre-tests of two groups. Results: Following 8 weeks of IMT, the findings indicate a considerable improvement in MVV. Conclusion: An eight-week IMT has the potential to improve MVV.

This research attempts to identify the requirements of the learning process in methods of teaching subject for the students of faculty of education/ Soran University-Kurdistan region/ Iraq. Requirements of the students are important matters that the curriculum developers must take into consideration when developing the topics of the academic subjects, which will be decided to be taught to students who are supposed to learn and benefit from it in their future careers, as the curricula must be based on Students' needs, tendencies, interests, and readiness to assure their needs and developing their tendency to achieve success in their professional lives. University is one of the important stages in that students learn knowledge, experiences, and facts, acquire skills, attitudes, and values through its various faculties, by studying the materials they provide. The sample of the research consisted of (30) fourth-stage students (Male and Female) randomly chosen at the faculty of Education / Soran University who studied methods of teaching the subject at the third stage from the scientific and humanities departments. The data have been collected using a questionnaire consisting of (25) items. The results of this research show that lecturers of the faculty of education in different departments must identify students’ needs and work to fulfill students' educational requirements to increase their motivation to learn the subject and prepare qualified professional teachers, psychologically, educationally, and socially to be able to practice the profession of actual teaching in schools successfully

The researchers dealt with the importance of learning using direct play exercises since it is a new and modern scientific foundation through which the process of linking the technique of the skillful performance of the tennis overhand serve and the receive to the direct play exercises. This could create an environment close to the actual play in learning motor skills in volleyball. The research aims to set direct play exercises within a learning program imitating the reality of actual play, and detect the effects of direct playing exercises on learning the technical performance of the overhand serve and the receive in volleyball.
The researchers used the experimental method because it is convenient to the nature of the research. The research community consists of 64 female students from second-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul for the academic year 2021-2022. The sample included 26 female students, divided at random by lot into two groups, the experimental group, with13 subjects, and the control group with 13 subjects. The researchers had set a combination of direct play exercises and linked them to the skills in question. the sample is subjected to a learning program of the skills in question

The study aimed to :
-Preparing rebound (strength and speed) exercises on inclined surfaces for young volleyball players.
- Detecting the effect of the rebound strength style on inclined surfaces on a number of physical variables for young volleyball players.
- Detection of the effect of the rebound speed style on inclined surfaces in a number of commercial variables for young football players.
- Detecting the significance of the differences between the post-tests of the two research groups in a number of physical variables for young volleyball players.
The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups to suit the nature of the research. The research community included all the (3) volleyball clubs in Nineveh Governorate, and the researchers chose the research sample in a deliberate way from the players of Sinjar Youth Sports Club in volleyball for the sports season 2021/2022, which numbered (14) players, and to ensure control over the selection of the sample was divided into Each player on the field is allocated as follows (a prepared player, numbering two players, a high-hitter player (2), numbering four, a center player (3), numbering two players, a high-hitter player (4), numbering four, a free player (a llibro) numbering two players And they were excluded for not participating in the offensive skills and the blocking wall) and thus the number of the research sample became (12) players, So that they were divided by lottery into the two groups according to each specialization by (6) players for each group, who represent (30%) of the research community. So that (the first group) trains on rebounding strength exercises, while the (second group) trains on rebounding speed exercises, all of them on inclined surfaces.
The data were processed statistically by using the mean, percentage, standard deviation, and t-test for independent and paired samples.