Karbala Journal of Physical Education Sciences

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the rubber bands exercises in the maximum strength of the muscles of the legs and the skills of Ibon Seonaki and Seonaki for youth judo playersand and to identify the effect of the rubber bands exercises in the maximum strength of the muscles of the legs and the skills of Ibon Seonaki and Seonaki for youth judo players. The researchers used the experimental aproach design of a single group with a (pre- and post-test) on a sample of (7) judo players from the Alhur Youth in holy Karbala Governorate. The tests for the skills of Ippon Seonaki and Seonaki. The researchers put several conclusions in the light of the results, including: that the rubber bands exercises have a positive effect on the maximum strength of the muscles of the legs and the skills of ibon siunaki and siunaki for judo youth. The researchers recommended the use of rubber bands in training other physical qualities and abilities as well as other skills specific to the game of judo.

The aim of the research is to prepare educational exercises to influence some freestyle wrestling for juniors and to identify the effect of educational exercises using a suggested materials in some freestyle wrestling for juniors. The two researchers used the experimental aproach, one-group design with a test (pre- and post-test) on a sample of (7) wrestlers of Al-Ghadria Club in the Holy Karbala governorate for free wrestling. The researchers obtained results and when they were statistically processed, it was found that there were significant differences between the pre and post tests in favor of the post test. The researchers put several conclusions in the light of the results, including: The educational exercises using the proposed aid have a positive effect on some of the free wrestling grips for the wrestlers cubs. Several recommendations were made, including the use of the proposed method to teach some of the grips of freestyle wrestling for cubs wrestlers, and other grips.

The aim of the research is to identify the learning techniques in developing mental skills and learn the technical performance of free style in swimming among students of the first stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Salah al-Din - Erbil, and to identify the differences in the post-tests between the two groups. Students of the first stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Salah al-Din University - Erbil. The researchs imposed the existence of statistically significant differences between the tribal and remote tests between the two groups, the research in mental skills and learning the technical performance of free swimming among first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Salah al-Din University - Erbil. And the presence of statistically significant differences in the results of the post-tests between the two groups, research in mental skills and learning the technical performance of free style in swimming among first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Salah al-Din University - Erbil. The researchers concluded that the educational program using learning techniques has a positive effect in developing mental skills and learning the technical performance of free style in swimming among first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Salahaddin University - Erbil. The researchers recommended the use of learning techniques in the educational curricula in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the Kurdistan Region and Iraq.

In this research, the importance of physical abilities in basketball has been addressed, as well as the role that special endurance plays in developing those physical abilities, such as the speed of motor response and defensive skills in basketball. The researcher assumed that there are significant differences between the tribal and remote tests, in favor of the post tests for the experimental and control groups. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of special endurance training in developing the speed of the motor response of the two legs and some defensive skills in basketball. The researcher used a set of tests for defensive skills that he chose and tested the speed of the motor response. Special endurance exercises were applied, and they were selected according to accurate scientific and training bases. The researcher concluded, after extracting the statistical results, that there is a significant effect of the exercises used in the research, and it has resulted in a development in the speed of the motor response of the two men, as well as the defensive skills that have been selected.

Mental visualization as a basic mental skill has an important role in raising the level of learning, but the repetition of mental visualization during the educational unit is not random and diligent, but according to scientific foundations and rules that help to improve the skill level better. The research problem included some aspects, including studying the impact of mental skills, including visualization on The performance of basic skills in various sports in general and handball skills in particular, the first and most important of which is the scoring skill. The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between mental perception and the accuracy of scoring skill for junior handball players. The descriptive approach was used in the survey method and correlational relations as it is the most appropriate approach to the nature of the current research. The research community was identified from the young players in Iraq for the season (2020-2021), numbering (112) registered in the Iraqi Handball Federation, and the researcher chose random samples according to what It is required by the research procedures, with a total number of (75) and they constitute (67.1%) and the researcher concluded that increasing the level of mental perception of the player leads to an increase in the level of scoring accuracy among junior handball players for the season (2020-2021). The research recommended paying attention to training the players' mental perception.

The aim of the research is to build a social reality scale for first-class football coaches. The descriptive approach was used in a survey style. The sample was the first-class football coaches, which was conducted on (110) coaches and divided into the pilot sample, which included (10) coaches, the construction sample was (70) coaches, while main sample was (30) coach. The researchers concluded that the social reality scale is an independent tool that measures the social reality of first-class football coaches. The research sample was distributed over five levels, where the majority concentrated in the two levels (good - average) on the social reality scale, and first-class football coaches have a real It is very social, which allows them the freedom to involve knowledge in the process of dealing and understanding ideas.

For the purpose of achieving the goal of the research by identifying the effectiveness of the Wriglioth model in learning some basic basketball skills for students of the second stage in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Garmian University, the researcher used the experimental method on a sample of 30 students, and after implementing the experiment and processing the data obtained by the researcher, she came to the most important Conclusions, including: The use of the Wriglioth model had a positive effect on learning the basic skills of basketball among the members of the experimental group. There are significant differences in the tests of the variables of the study, before and after, and for the control and experimental groups, in favor of the post tests. There are significant differences in the tests and variables of the post-study for the experimental and control groups, and the valid experimental group. The researcher recommends the following: The necessity of using the Wriglioth educational model in teaching the basic skills of team games for all stages, emphasizing the cognitive aspect as well, and conducting similar studies using the Wriglioth model on other sports games and for other school stages.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of psychological adjustment of the teachers of departments and colleges of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya, to identify the level of job performance of the teachers of departments and colleges of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya, and to identify the relationship between psychological adjustment and the level of job performance for the teaching of departments and colleges Physical Education and Sports Science at the Universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method, and the number of the research community reached (344) teachers representing colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences at the University of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya, who hold master’s and doctoral degrees for the academic year (2020--2021). The sample constituted (30.32%) of the total population. The following conclusions were reached: The possession of the teachers of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya is high psychological agreement, the possession of the teachers of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya is a good psychological agreement, which has a positive effect on the performance of the teachers, and there is a statistically significant correlation between the compatibility Psychological and functional performance of teachers of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya.

The aim of the research was to design an educational program using reflexive learning in learning the forward shooting from jumping skill for students in handball and to identify the effect of the educational program using reflexive learning in learning the forward shooting from jumping skill for students in handball. The researchers used the experimental method by designing the control and experimental groups. The research concluded that the educational program using reflexive learning through audio-visual means has an effective role in arousing, motivation and suspense students to learn the forward shooting from jumping skill. The researchers recommended the need to activate the use of reflexive learning in teaching handball skills.

The aim of the research is to prepare special exercises in learning some basic football skills and to identify the effect of special exercises in learning some basic football skills. The researchers used the experimental method to design equal groups with pre- and post-test. The research community was determined for the lamps preparatory students in the province of Babil - Mahaweel district, who numbered (105 students) for the academic year 2018-2019. Through the results, the researchers concluded that special exercises have a clear impact on the development of basic football skills, and that the use of special exercises has a clear impact on developing basic football skills. In light of the conclusions, the researchers recommend using the exercises organized sequentially and gradually according to the abilities of the students.

The research aims to build two tests of the combinatorial abilities of table tennis players and to identify the contribution ratios and their prediction of the level of skill performance of table tennis players, the category of applicants for the clubs participating in the Kurdistan Region Championship for the year 2019. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the correlative survey method. The research community was identified from the table tennis players, the category of applicants for the clubs participating in the Kurdistan Regional Championship for the year 2019, numbering (78) players, the advanced category. The two researchers have my skills (forehand and backhand) in the research. The conclusions reached by the researchers are the construction of two tests of the harmonic abilities of table tennis players. Reaching to the tables for the standard levels and standard scores for skill tests and harmonic abilities tests that were built for table tennis players. The ball control tests and the moving balance on cubes appeared to us as contributors to predicting the level of skill performance for the skill of forehand in table tennis, and the ball control test and the moving balance on the contributors to predicting the level of skill performance of the backhand skill in table tennis.

The study aimed to find the predictive values of the percentage of the contribution of physical measurements and speed of motor response in the performance of the activity of running 110 hurdles for the youth, where the number of the sample was (5) players by 41% of the original population of (12) players, and the researcher concluded that the physical measurements and speed of motor response contributed statistically significant percentage to the performance of that event, as well as a predictive equation was devised through which it was possible to predict the percentage of the contribution of some physical measurements and the speed of the motor response to the performance of the event. In terms of kinetic abilities, the speed of response and its role is essential and influential in the performance of that activity.

The aim of the research is to identify the predictive value of the most important motor and functional abilities in the performance of some offensive skills for the members of the research sample of the basketball players. The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the problem. The research sample was chosen randomly represented by the youth club players (Al-Amarah, Tigris, Al-Hayy, Samawah, Naft Al-Janoub, Al-Ittihad Al-Basri, Nasiriyah and Sukkar Castle) in basketball for the season of (2019-2020). As for the conclusions, it was to derive a final predictive equation through which offensive skills can be predicted in terms of the most important motor and functional abilities of basketball players for a youth group. The researcher recommended that coaches should pay attention to the kinetic and functional aspect, as they are one of the basic requirements that affect the skillful sports performance.

The aim of the research is to identify psychological stress and anxiety in sports competition and its relationship to the accuracy of the performance of the smash service in volleyball, and to identify the relationship of psychological stress and anxiety in sports competition and its relationship to the accuracy of the performance of the smash service in volleyball. The researcher used the descriptive approach for its suitability to the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of the players of the Middle Euphrates Club teams participating in the Qatari Clubs League for the Premier League in volleyball, applicants for the sports season (2020-2021), a total of (15) clubs. The number of the sample was (37) players from the research community who hit the crush from the back area only, and their percentage was (100%). The researcher used the (ssps) bag for statistical treatment, extracting statistical values, analyzing and discussing them. The researcher reached several conclusions, including reducing the level of psychological stress among the players. Also, the statistical significance of psychological stress was not statistically significant for the players and the possession of volleyball players (the research sample) with an average level of anxiety Competition and level of smashing performance. The researcher recommended several recommendations, including working to increase the psychological tension of advanced volleyball players in order to obtain better results.

The study aimed to prepare and apply soccer exercises through flipped and cooperative learning for the research sample (14-16) years, to identify the effect of the interference exercises prepared and designed by the researchers on visual and auditory sensory memory and the development of some skills in soccer and to identify the proportions The evolution of both research groups in visual and auditory sensory memory and some football skills. The two researchers used the experimental aproach in the manner of (the two equal groups) with a pre and post test to suit the nature of the research, and the research sample amounted to (40) players from the players of the junior academies of Fallujah and Najma in Anbar Governorate for the year 2021, and the sample was divided into two experimental groups for each group (20) players, and worked the first group worked with flipped learning and cooperative learning, and the second group worked with cooperative learning. The researchers reached a set of conclusions, including that the use of flipped learning and cooperative learning has a positive effect on visual and auditory sensory memory, rolling skills, handling, putting down and scoring in football

The study aims to prepare exercises for the throwing resistance of swimmers and to identify the effect of throwing resistance exercises in some biomechanical variables and develop them in order to achieve the achievement of the 50m breaststroke swimmer. The researchers used the experimental method by designing one group through the pre and post test, and the research sample included the national team swimmers for the youth category, consisting of 6 swimmers who were chosen by the intentional method. The researchers presented the results of statistical treatments, analysis, discussion and presentation in tables and figures. The research concluded that the development in the kinematic variables that showed statistically significant differences did not change the values of the joints of the body in the standby mode, and that the use of various exercises had a significant and clear impact on the angles of the joints of the body at the moment of launch. The researchers also recommended focusing on the use of modern training methods, including throwing resistance, because of their clear impact on improving the kinematic variables of the body and the starting moment of the swimmer.

The study aims to identify the effect of S.A.Q training in developing some offensive skills in handball. The researcher used the experimental aproach by designing the experimental and control groups pre and post tests. The research population was chosen in randomly from Al-Nasr Club players, the advanced players, which numbered (22) players. The researchers concluded that there is superiority of the experimental group comparing to the control group in all the tests. and they recommended the use of S.A.Q training in the units because of their effective impact in developing the skill.

The aim of the research is to prepare a proposed educational program for a gymnastics lesson to develop the harmonic abilities of students, to identify the harmonic abilities of students through a test (rope skipping - throwing and receiving the ball test - numbered circles test) and identifying the skills of ground movements in gymnastics (human wheel - rolling diving Flying Forefoot - The Arabic Jump) for third stage students. The researchers used the experimental design for two groups, one experimental and the other a control appropriate to the nature of this study. The research community included students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year (2021/2022), and their number was (106) students, and the research concluded the effectiveness of the proposed educational program using its harmonic exercises in the skill performance level of the experimental group students. The reserachers recommended that the application of the proposed program exercises to students of the second stage to improve the level of performance of floor movement skills in gymnastics..

The research aims to build a scale of generative thinking in footsal for the female students. The researchers used the descriptive approach. The research population consisted of (181) first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2020-2021. The researchers built the scale according to the required scientific steps, and the scientific foundations of honesty and stability were found, as apparent honesty, logical honesty and construction honesty were extracted, while the stability was extracted by the two methods of fractionation and Facronbach. Lesson environment - problem solving - outlook on life) distributed between positive and negative paragraphs. The researchers recommended applying the scale to students of physical education and sports sciences, conducting studies to identify the relationship of generative thinking to some other variables, and conducting a similar study for students

The research aims to prepare an education program according to the Bibe model and to identify its effect of Biby model in learning some skills of the rhythmic gymnastics hoop for female students and to identify the differences between the results of the pre and post tests in learning some skills of the hoop for the experimental and control groups. The experimental method was used for its relevance to the nature of the problem (phenomenon) to be studied, and the researcher identified her research population as third stage students / College of Physical Education / Karbala University for the academic year 2020 / 2021. The study concluded that the use of Biby model has a positive impact on the learning process, and it is clear that the Bybe model in teaching is the most interesting and creative model in the educational process, and this was evident through the percentages of development in the post-tests of the experimental group in all the skills under study . The study recommended paying attention to using this model as one of the modern strategies to assist in learning and to encourage those in charge of the educational process in the field of sports to use it

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using the learning strategy for comprehension according to complex exercises in learning some football skills. The researcher used the experimental method. The sample of the research was first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad, and their number was (60) students. The sample was divided into the experimental group and their number was (30) students, and the control group amounted to (30) students. The researcher reached several conclusions, including that the educational units according to the learning strategy for understanding according to the compound exercises have an effective positive impact on the skill side of football and the emergence of differences between the pre and post test of the experimental group indicates the safety of the prepared curriculum and its suitability to the students’ cognitive and skill abilities and capabilities.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using a multi-level self-training method on (acquisition-retention) of some basic handball skills, and to identify the differences between female students’ acquisition and retention of some basic handball skills. The researchers used the experimental method, and the sample included (32) female students The second study stage, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Mosul, and the experimental design with (equal groups) with a post-test was chosen, and the researcher used tests to measure acquisition and retention. The research concluded that the use of the multi-level self-training method is effective in (acquiring-retaining) some basic handball skills for female students. The research recommended the necessity of applying a multi-level self-training method in educational lectures for faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences in order to achieve positive results in teaching and developing some basic skills in handball, as well as for other sports.