Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

A field experiment was conducted in 2012 season in Tharthar region (100 km south of Tikrit city ) to study effect three levels Potash fertilization as K2SO4 ( 0 , 50 and 100 kg K2SO4 /O. ) and fifteen genotypes of braed wheat , RCBD design as asplit arrangement was used with three replicates potash fertilization was contained as main plot , while the genotypes were as sup plot . Data were recorded for twelve traits which were : the duration from planting till 50 % of spiking , plant height , no . of spikes / m2 , flag leaf area , spike length , no. of spiklet at the spike , weight of 1000 grain , total yield of the grains , biological yield , harvesting index and protein percentage .
The results had shown significantly differences of potash fertilization of most traits except the till 50 % of spike formation plant height and no.of spikelets / spike . The genotypes were differed significantly in all the student traits and the interaction was significant for all the traits except the tow traits of the duration from planting till 50 % of spike formation and no .of spikelets / spike . Al – ez genotype was superior for traits of the duration from planting till 50 % of spike formation , plant height and weight of 1000 grains , while Ibaa99 genotypes was superior in tow traits no . of spikes / m2 and flag leaf area and Rasheed genotypes was superior in three traits spike length no . of spiklet / spike and no . of grains / spike ,and Maxipak genotypes was superior in traits of no . of grains /m spike , grains yield , protein percentage and biological yield and Latifieia genotypes was superior in biological yield , while Al-fatih genotypes was superior in harvest index traits . Data shwed also that the phenotypic significant for the traits of grains yield with flag leaf area no . of spikelets / spike , no . of grains / spike , biological yield harvesting index and protein percentage .

Afield experiment was conducted in the college of Agriculture labs Sulaimanya University in 2014 to estimate the genetic variance between 12 genotypes of maize. (SSR) technology was used depending on (PCR) technology. Twenty primers were used for the genetic variance analysis between the studied genotypes and 15 primers showed polymorphic results in repeated experiment caused to experinse 52 alleles which gave 307 bands of range 3.1 by different molecular sizes ranged between 80-1000 pair base the value of PIC reached to phi069 gave high value (0.8785), the range of genetic diversity for studied genotypes reached to (0.625) gave primers pairs phi069 hig value for genetic diversity (0.888). The value of total allele replication ranged at primers pairs (0.488) which gave pair of primer Umc163 higher value (0.75). a Ponding to genetic dendrogram tree of primer pairs results which used in this study the genotypes distributed to three main groups, which showed that the less genetic diversity was between two genotypes Dkc-1011 and miami (0.846), while the larger genetic diversity was (0.360) which was between two genotypes drakhma and Dkc-1011.

A field experiments were carried out in eight environmental sites in the province of Diwaniyah is (Almhnanwip, Aldga Rh, Shamiya,ALbedder , alslaheae , Shinafiyah, Alasdair and fagger) by sowing nine varieties of different origin wheat is (Tamouz 1, Tamouz 2, Maxibak, Sabah, Ibaa 95, latefeae, Ibaa 99, Abu Ghraib and Cham 6) during two agriculture seasons in 2013 and 2014 to study the proportion of the influence of the major components of variation in the recipe yield grains and interaction genetic and environmental stability phenotypic varition of statistical methods is a method of variation and coefficient of variation and collected genetic regression coefficient and deviation from the regression line and Ecovalence contrast firming and collection arranged standards in order to identify varieties that owns and yield high-rate stability.
The results of the study the proportion of emotion of the components of variation that recipe grain yield influenced by genetic factor increased by( 61.53%,) while it was influenced by the adjective environmental factor increased by( 8.62%) the amount of overlap of genetic and environmental( 29.45% )of the total variance components showed overlapping genetic and environmental data results and there were significant differences between the varieties where he excelled and was variety ((Sabah)) across environments by giving a higher grain yield averaged 4156.8 kg / hector and significant differences between the environments where he excelled Almhnanw environment by giving a higher grain yield averaged 3682.8 kg / hector across varieties, According to a study phenotypic stability which interpreted the results, according to the concept of each standard where the agreed percentage variation coefficient of standards and standard deviation and the way Shuki and collection method that ranks Ibaa 95 variety is the most stable and consistent. While genetic taken agreed with the recipe grain yield variety Sabah is the most pointed way quotient while the coefficient of variation as soft Finlay and Wilknson to outweigh varieties Sabah and Tamouz 2 and Abu Ghraib as varieties have the stability of high and have high yield which is suitable for all environments.

Laboratory and pots study were conducted during growing season 2013 at the Agriculture college field , university of Tikrit to investigate the allelopathic effect of some winter weeds Eruca (Eruca sativa) , wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) Annual sow thistle (Sonchus oleracens) ,Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum) and Dwarf mallow ( Malva rotundifolia ) on germination , growth and yield of wheat .
The results showed the following:
-Laboratory trials
The aqueous extract of vegetative parts of Eruca , wild radish , Dwarf mallow and sow thistle were significantly reduced the germination percentage by 56.72 , 51.35,25.68 and 22.98 %of wheat seed respectively .
The plumule and Radical length and their dry weight of wheat seeding had reduced when the aqueous extract vegetative parts of above weeds which used by 67.21 , 62.93 , 48.03 , and 44.71 % respectively .

This study was performed at a farm of student ( Haider H. Ahmed ) in Salahuddin province / Balad city ,October 2013 under conditions similar to the natural conditions for the growth of barley. The target of this study is to find out ( the effect of the period of the germination , quantity of seed and nitrogen fertilizer in the holds and the quality of barley cultivars) of white domestic barley grain in galvanized iron trays with dimensions ( 50 cm X 50 cm ), there are three factors in this study. (A) period of culture) (7 , 9 and 11 days), (B) quantities of seed ( 4 , 5 and 6 kg / m 2), ( C ) nitrogen’s fertilizer with doses ( zero , 25 and 5g /m 2). The experiment was designed according to completely randomized design CRD with three replicates.
The results were : There was positive significant with increasing of factors and interaction. Superiority treatment ( 11 days and 6kg seeds / m 2 and 50 g fertilizer / m 2) in giving the highest percentage of protein in barley cultured , reached 13.23%.Superiority the high levels of the (periods of breeding and the quantities of seed) in giving the highest percentage of carbohydrates dissolved , Treatment (11 days and 5 kg seeds / m 2) gave 26.556% nd this average did not differ significantly from the average ratio for the treatment (9 days and 6 kg seeds / m 2) , which gave 24.333%.

A field experiment has been implemented in the research station of Field crope the department / college of agriculture / Tikrit university in fall season of 2013. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of two herbicides, camx ec 560 at three concentrations 2,3 and 5 Lha and Proponit at three concentrations 300,500 and 700 mldunam, on weeds control and yield of corn crop variety Spanish Cardiz weeds control. The experiment has been applied according to the Randomized Complete Block Design method (R.C.B.D). The results showed that there is remarkable effect of herbicides Proponit at 700 ml/dunam on wide and slim leaf weeds with the highest result of reducing the density of weed population. for herbicide Camix 560ec , the effective dose is 5 L ha at different leaf area, leaf area index and 500 grain weight. The treatment with herbicide Camix 560 ec at 5 Lha records the highest value in the parameter of the plant height

This experiment was conducted at plant tissue culture Laboratories, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. The objectives of this study effect of explant and methyl jasmonate in the production of phenolic compounds in callus of buckwheat Salvia officinalis. The concentrations of methyl jasmonate and the second interaction caused by a significant reduction in average callus fresh weight in hypocotyl and cotyledon. The results showed that the concentration of methyl jasmonate significantly effected at the content of phenolic compounds at the callus inducted from hypocotyl and cotyledon. The best concentration of methyl jasmonate stimulated the production was 300 µM for phenolic compounds reached to 11.47, 254.12, 36.90, 26.59 and 92.80 µg.100mg-1 weight fresh for Vanillic acid, Rosmarinic acid, Quercetin, Naringinin and Apigenin. Also, gave same concentration a significant increase of Coumaric acid 19.60 µg.100mg-1 weight fresh when extract in callus inducted from hypocotyl. But, the concentration of methyl jasmonate 200 µM with the callus inducted from cotyledon gave the highest product for Chlorogenic acid and Luteolin 29.59 and 77.68 µg.100mg-1 weight fresh. And, Caffeic acid acid reached 25.97 µg.100mg-1 weight fresh at the concentration 100 µM of methyl jasmonate at callus inducted from cotyledon.

A field study was performed at the horticulture experimental station of the department of horticulture and gardening landscape/College of Agriculture/University of Tikrit during the season of 2010-2011 on the plant of Fenugreek planted in plot of dimensions (3 X 3) m to find out the effect of phosphorus and sea weed extracts (sea force and Algae600) . The experiment was designed based on factorial experiment with complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replicates . There are two factors of the study ; one is the levels of phosphorus P0 , P1 and P2 with concentration of 0 , 100, 200 kg of P2O5 Hectare . the second factor was spray with sea weed extracts S0 , S1 , and S2 of 0 gm . liter-1 , 2,5 gm . liter-1 Algae 600 and 2.5 ml/liter ,Sea force. The combinations of both factors also studied. The results showed that the addition of phosphorus fertilizer caused an increase in the values of average of all the studied characteristics and also the spray of Algae and Sea weeds which gave significant differences . the combination of P2S2 (which was 200 kg of P2O2 . h-1 + 2.5ml . liter-1 sea force) gave the highest vegetative growth characteristics and also the yield along with the oil percentage , it,s gave (75.33 , 110.0 , 251.8 , 67.4 , 43.33 , 679.43 , 8.53) of characteristics (plant height , leaf number , leaf area , chlorophyll spad ,pod nomber , yield and oil percentage) over other treatment with comparison treatment who gave (41 , 69.66 , 161.5 , 46.31 , 21.66 , 256.31 , 5.40) at respectively .

This experiment was conducted during October 2015 to June 2016 at the Lath house , College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk , to study the effect of spraying thiaman concentrations (0,100, 200) mg. L-1 and Alar concentrations (0,750) mg.L-1 on the growth , flowering and bulbs production of Iris cultivar (Gemengd), The results show that: Treatment of thiamine at (100) mg.L-1, increase significant in leaf area 10.79 cm2 , and increase in total chlorophyll content (60.98) mg / 100 g wet weight. Treatment of spraying Alar (750) mg .L-1 to a reduction in plant height (51.60) cm, and least flower stalk (20.63) cm . Interactions between the spraying levels thiamine and Alar significant effect , as it gave the treatment spraying thiamine (100) mg.L-1 and Alar(750) mg.L-1 increased of total chlorophyll content (61.23) mg/100g wet Wight, Treatment the control of thiamine and conc. of Alar (750) mg.L-1 highest of wet weight of the bulblets (5.64) g .

This study was investigated in grape –orchard of Tikrit Agriculture college –Horticulture & land scape design department - Salah Aldin – Iraq The Study the effect of Variety & bearing of beds in grape – vine & Vegetative system management in vegetative growth and some mechanical characters of berry of
European grape (Vitis Vinifera L.) var Halwani & Dees – Al-anz and Black
Hamburg which Pergola system caned .The training would he done 12 fev 2013, lest 72 eyes. Vine -1 (6 canes) 84 eyes vine-1 (7canes), 96 eyes vine-1 (8 canes) Canes length was 12 eyes. Split - Split- Plot design was wood with 4 Replicate, Results were analyzed by SAS the mean were compared at Duncan test multiple borders At 5%.
The results were summarized at the tables investigated that Halwani had superiority compared with other varieties in leaves area for main branch secondary branch vine leaves area fruit removal fore's compactness which were, 3367.00 cm2 , branch-1 , 769.833 cm2.br-1 , 27.685m2 vine-1, 506 gm. and 2281.67 cm2. While Black Hamburg had superiority in berries compactness which was 1443 as well as the 72 eyes. vine-1 had superiority in principle branch leaves area 3348.08 cm2.b-1, Secondary branch 753.417 cm2-b-1 , berry compactness 488.438 am ,berries hardness 2087.900 gm.cm2.Apical cut treatment had superiority in branch leave area total branch 825.222 cm2. br-1 leaves area vine 24.022 cm2.vine-1 berry compactness was 1.643 which removal of lawful loramcl with leavers & control treatment had superiority in principle bread leave area 3293.11 cm2.branch-1 3350.11 cm2.br-1, 3215.22 cm2. br-1 and the same treatment had superiority in removal fruit force 467.472 , 463.778 gm. , 472.583 bears compactness 1992.53gm. cm2 & 1986-11 gm.cm2 , 2016 gr cm2.

Twenty orphan awassi lamb aged (10day) with average weights (4.42 kg) were assigned into three groups fed on little amount of milk by suckling from three foster mothers twice daily at the morning and the evening in addition to Alfalfa hay leaves freely. The Second, third and fourth treatment include the Drenching with (5 g/d methionine, 5 g/d lysine, 5 g methionine + 5g lysine) Respectively in addition to the control group. The experiment lasted for six weeks were divided into three experimental periods. To revealed the effect of nutritional treatments on growth rate, rumen parameters, and some of blood biochemical and hematological parameters. The results indicated that the drenching with amino acids especially the mixture of methionine and lysine caused significant increases (P<0.05) in weights, weight gain and average of daily weight gain in addition to the blood protein, albumin and hemoglobin, with significant decrease (P<0.05) in blood urea. There were no significant differences in rumen parameters (ph, ammonia and bacteria account) in addition to blood glucose, globulin, triglycerides, RBC account, WBC account and PLT account.

The study of the entrails worms for some species of fish in Tigris river that comes through Sammara’a city was carried out, 272 sample of fish with different species was been collected which includes: 24 chondrostoma regium fish,63 Silurus triostegus fish, 20 Carasobaus luteus fish, 48 Planizize abu fish, 25 Leuciscus vorax fish, 62 Cyprinus carpio fish and 30 Carassius auratus fish.
The result indicate three species of worm, include Postangesia inarmata , Monobothrium auriciulatum and Neoechinorhynchus iraqensis, in which found that the Silurus triostegus fish and Cyprinus carpio fish infected with P. inarmata with infected rate and intensity (79.3% , 2.26) and (3.2%, 3.5) respectively, while the infected rate and intensity for Carasobaus luteus fish infected with M.auriclatum were 25%, 2.4 and P. abu fish infected with N.iraqensis worm were 37.5%, 2.9 and for L. vorax fish infected with N. iraqensis worn were 8%, 6.5.
The histological study for liver and intestines of silurns triostegus which infected with P. inarmata have showed morbidity distortions for the liver and intestines that represented by honeycomb and vaculatation moreover the disappearance of the most natural marks of the central and portal vein and precipitation of fibrin, but for the morbidity changes of the entrails tissues have showed as a honeycomb attached with fluffs and is has noticed fibrin precipitation and inflectional cells infiltration.

This experiment was carried out at Animal Farm, Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit for the period between 17/2/2012 and 17/2/2013. 42 Awassi lambs obtained from the ewe bred at the college farm were used in the study .Growth and development measurements were recorded for the lambs between birth and yearling months).The lambs were assigned to 7 age groups : birth , 2 ,4 ,6 ,8 ,10 and 12 months with an average live body weights : 4.09,12.72,23.00,33.60,44.00,55.21 and 63.37 kg for the age groups ,respectively . The results obtained revealed a significant increase(p<0.05) of the daily weight gain with the advancement of age with the exception of the first period(birth-2 months ).The highest daily weight gain(182 gm /day) was recorded for the period (8-10 months).However, a decrease of the daily weight gain (158 gm/day ) was recorded at the last period (10-12 months) .The highest dressing percentage(54.21%) as measured on the basis of chilled carcass weight (chilled carcass weight /empty body weight ) was found for the lambs slaughtered the age of 12 month. Eye muscle area and fat thickness were increased significantly(p<0.05)with age advancement .The highest values of both traits were found for lambs slaughtered 12 months (17.36 cm2 and 3.80 mm, respectively).Physically dissected tissues (bone, muscle and fat) appeared to be significantly affected (p<0.05) with the exception of bone tissue. Lean meat % decreased from 63.22% at birth to 45.50% at the age of 12 months. Alternatively, fat % increased from 13.64% at birth to 40.10% at the same age.

Twenty male Awassi lambs of 23.75 Kg intial body weight (BW) were used .The lambs were randomly distributed in individual motabolit cages in to five groups (4 lambs each) to evalute of two levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (safizyme) on digestibility of nutrients.
All animals were fed: wheat straw ad libitum but knowledge the residue of it, the concentrate were give 2.5% of (BW) to cover their maintenance requirement.
The enzymes were given in two levels (1,2) gm/kg either to wheat straw or to concentrate. The result showed that insignificant effects on digestibility of dry matter (DM) , nitrogen free extract (N.F.E), crude fiber and showed significant effect on digestibility of crude protein (C.P) and ether Extract (E.E) and the evalues to Crude protein were %57.87,% 60.94 ,% 71.35,% 64.95, %17.27, and to Ether extract were %50.53,% 52.23,% 54.07, %65.94,% 34.80, to all treatment respectively.

This study was conducted to investigate the physiological effect of some common male sexual activator drugs (sildenafil , herbal Viagra drug , the tiger - king) on the concentrations of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and some hormones ( FSH , ICSH , Estrogen , Testosterone) and some lipid component
( Cholesterol , Triglycerides , HDL-C , LDL-C , VLDL-C ). 60 adult male local rabbit , aged and weighed arranged between (10 - 18 ) months , (900 – 1500)Kg respectively. The result show high significant effect (P≤0.05) of (sildenafil , herbal Viagra drug) animal groups in the concentrations of (Cholesterol , TG , HDL-C , LDL-C , VLDL) comported with (Tiger–king , Control) animal groups. High significant effect (P≤0.05) of (sildenafil , herbal Viagra drug) animal groups comparte with (Tiger–king , Control) in the concentrations in ( PSA , FSH , LH , Testosterone) , but the (Tiger–king , Control) animal groups compare with (sildenafil , herbal Viagra drug) animal groups in Estrogen concentrations. The conclusion of this study show the sexual activator drugs (sildenafil , herbal Viagra drug) more stronger effect on male sexual performance but its danger on prostatic hyperplasia and heart diseases compete with (Tiger–king) activator.

The present study is carried to identify some of the physical(Air temperature, Water temperature ,Turbidity) and chemical properties(pH, Dissolived oxygen,Biological Oxygen demand, total Hardness ,Calcium Hardness ,Magnesium Hardness , Total Alkalinity, Chloride Ion ) and Nutrints (Silicate)and some bacterial contamination (Total coliform ) of groundwater indicators the village of Samra within Salahuddin province. Four wells were studied for the period from the month of April 2016 to July 2016. Results of this study showed that there were a seasonal variation in som chemical and physical factors.The values of air and water temperature were (28-44 ,22-31)C0, respectively. Turbidity values ranged between (0-5.20)NTU. The groundwater was alkaline because pH values was ranged (6.9- 8) . water ventilation was a good and the dissolved oxygen DO values ranged between (1.5to 7.5 mg / L), BOD5 values were in range of (0.5 -4.5 mg / L). Results of the study showed that the basal college back to Ion bicarbonates ranging between (100-660) mg / L .Reason of groundwater very hardness due to geological factors of study area ,Which was mostly the the result of ion bicarbonates , ranging values of total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness between (1400-6400) mg / L , (1200-2600) mg / L , (100-4000)respectively. .The chloride ions in ground water of the studied within the permissible limits for watering of animals and irrigation of plants , with values range (24-192 mg / l)and silicate values were in range (27.1-66.44)mg/L . Wells can be contaminated by the activities of human and soil ranged as the total number of values for coliform between (3> - 470) cell/100ml .

The research has been conducted to investigate the effect of three types of plows (Mold board plow triple body) , (Disk plow triple body) and (chisel plow) with three tractor forward speeds (3.835 , 5.756 and 7.584 Km/h) under gypsfreous soil and its impact on practical speed , slippage percentage , fuel consumption , tractive force , lost power due to slippage , tractive efficiency and efficient use of energy. Split plot design under randomized complete block design with three replications was used and the Duncan multiple range test was used to indicate significant differences between the means of the transactions under possibility level of (0.05).
The results showed that the effect of plows types was significant in all studied characteristics , the chisel plow superior to gave best values for practical speed , slippage percentage , fuel consumption , lost power due to slippage and efficient use of energy while the moldboard plow gave lower tractive force and higher tractive efficiency.
There was extrusive relation between the forward speed with the practical speed , slippage parentage , tractive force and lost power due to slippage while the relation was inversely with fuel consumption , tractive efficiency and efficient use of energy.
The effect of forward speed was significant in all studied characteristics except tractive efficiency. The forward speed (3.835 Km/h) gave best values of slippage percentage , tractive force , lost power due to slippage and efficient use of energy , however the forward speed (7.584 km/h) gave best values of practical speed and fuel consumption. The effect of interaction between plows types and forward speeds was significant in all studied characteristics except tractive efficiency. The interaction between disc plow and the for ward speed (3.835 km/h) gave lowest tractive force while the interaction between chisel plow and the forward speed (3.835 km/h) gave lowest values of slippage percentage lost power due to slippage and highest efficient use of energy. As well as the interaction between the chisel plow and the forward speed (7.584 Km/h) gave best values for practical speed and fuel consumption. However , the highest ejective significant correlation coefficient found between slippage percentage with lost power due to slippage with tractive force , and between tractive force with the lost power due to slippage. As will as found it between the practical speed with tractive force.

Field experiment was conducted at two gypsiferous soils with gypsum content 5% and 15% to study type and level of phosphate fertilizer ( TSP and DAP) in yield and yield components of maize at two system of tillage , minimum tillage system (MT) and conventional (CT) . phosphate fertilizer was added in five levels which was calculated from adsorption isotherm curves at suggested phosphorous concentration (0.00, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.90 µg p. cm-3) in soil solution. The quantity of phosphate fertilizer at location 5% gypsum was ( 0, 180, 260, 340, 420 kg/ha-1) while at second location 15% gypsum was (0, 280, 360, 420, 520 kg/ha-1). Results of this study showed that addition of phosphate fertilizers significantly increased grain yield and yield components of maize and highest yield was at phosphate fertilizer level (340 and 420 kg/ha-1) in at soil 5% and 15% gypsum respectively, which corresponding to phosphorous concentration of (0.60 µg p. cm-3). The results also showed that the superiority of minimum tillage (MT) on conventional tillage (CT) in grain yield at soil location 5% gypsum while at second soil location 15% gypsum soil there is no differences between system of tillage in grain yield. The increase of the grain yield was mainly due to the number of grain in corncob and secondly to the weight of 100 grains.

Soil samples were collected from four locations in Ninavah and Duhok Governorates / northern Iraq, including (Makhmor, Hamdania, Shikhan and Zakho). The aim of this study was distrabution of some heavy metals soil and evaluation by used some pollution parameter. Soil samples collections from three depths (0 – 20, 20 - 40 and 40 – 60 cm). Determination some of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Mo, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb) by using (XRF) technique. The results showed that there is a difference in the studied locations of ( Makhmor < Hamdania < Shikhan < Zakho) for Cu, Zn and Pb elements, locations of ( Makhmor < Shikhan < Hamdania < Zakho) for Co and Ni metal, locations of (Makhmor > Hamdania = Shikhan = Zakho) for Cd element, locations of ( Hamdania > Makhmor > Shikhan > Zakho) for Mo metal. Calculation of pollution indices has been done such as: contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI).The Results of (CF) for Makhmor , Hamdania and Shikhan locations were: Cd > Mo > Ni > Co > Cu > Zn > Pb, while (CF) of Zakho location : Cd > Ni > Mo > Co > Cu > Zn > Pb. Results of (PLI) showed : Zakho > Hamdania > Shikhan > Makhmor locations (2.32, 2.06, 2.07, 1.65) respectively.

A field study was conducted in the agricultural area located at the town of Al – Muqdadiya- Diyala province (Longitudes 44 – 46 East, Latitudes 33 – 35 North). The purpose of the study is to determine, the most effective soil properties on the prediction of field infiltration. Measurements were achieved in six different sites in duding their soil textures and other soil characteristics. Infiltration was measured by using a double ring infiltrometer. A stepwise regression method was applied in order to determine the best field infiltration rating equation. Mean difference confidence interval approach was used to compare the infiltration values predicted by models with these values measured by field data. Additionally, the Bland – Altman approach was used to plot the agreement between the two methods values.
Results showed that the predicted of field infiltration rate (i) was depend on laboratory infiltration rate (Li), initial soil volumetric moisture content volumetric moisture elementary soil (Өmi), soil moisture at content 33 kPa (Ө33),and 1500 kPa(Ө1500) according to the fallowing linear regression model.
i = - 0.04177 + 0.53303 Li + 0.00210 Өmi + 0.15584 Ө33 + - 0.10032 Ө1500
with R2 = 1.00 and RMSE = 0.0 can be adopted strongly in predicting infiltration field results and also the results showed that the predicted infiltration values increase and decrease by measured field infiltration rate.

The study aimed to exploit the liquid acidic whey as by-product of soft cheese industry ,from the powdered milk, in water ice manufacturing as a substitute of water in preparing the mixtures also boosting the product of Roselle extract as a source of taste and natural color and take advantage of its nutritional value, The water ice treatment (The control) was prepared by mixing 65% water with 15% Roselle extract, 20% sugar, 0.3 % citric acid and 0.5% stabilizer. The treatments were prepared by adding acidic whey at 70, 65 and 60 % in additional to adding Roselle extract at 10, 15 and 20% respectively. The results showed that the adding of liquid acidic whey led to increase the total soluble solids, pH and specific weight in the mixture, while the overrun ratio was increased with decrease of specific weight in the product extrusive with the proportion of added liquid acidic whey. The treatment of adding 70% acidic whey and 10% Roselle extract got the highest degree of sensory evaluation. From that we conclude possibility of using the liquid acidic whey as a substitute for water in ice water manufacture, where the study showed that acidic whey improved the characteristics of the product in particular the overrun ratio and sensory characteristics. The conclusion from that is the possibility of using liquid acidic whey in water ice manufacture in liquid form without an additional economic cost, even if found it will be very few.

This study included the isolate of protein from some oilseeds residue resulting after oil extraction , including sunflower, flax and safflower seeds and study of functional characteristics. the effect of pH on the solubility of proteins was studied with ranged from ( 2-10 ) result showed rise in solubility at alkaline extremist figures are higher than the figures acidic hydrogen extremist, where the maximum total solubility at pH (10) (84.58 and 80.82 and 90.21%) of isolated sunflower, flax and safflower respectively. Distinguish sunflower protein isolate was distinguish in water absorption of (6.25) ml . g-1, compared with an isolated flax and safflower (5.00, 2.25) ml . g-1, respectively, Flax protein isolate was showed highest ability to absorb fat (1.7 ml . g-1), compared with an sunflower protein isolate (1.5 ml . g-1) and safflower protein isolate (1.1 ml . g-1), respectively. emulsifying activity and stability was showed that the highest activity Safflower protein isolate (75.23%), followed by sunflower protein isolate and flax protein isolate (68.55 and 58.33)%, while the stability of the emulsion (58.0 and 45.50 and 44.00)%, respectively. the foam capacity and stability at different values of pH included (4, 5, 6 and 7), where the foam capacity was showed that the lowest at pH (4) was (30.33, 25.50, 22.75%), while the highest value was pH (7) where it was (57.80, 51.75, 44.23%) of sunflower protein isolate, flax protein isolate and safflowe protein isolater respectively, While it was observed a decrease in the foam stability of for all samples under study with the increase in time from 0.0 to 2.0 hours, noting the high stability of all samples at pH 7 and fall with lower pH where she was the lowest at pH 4. The results of the measurement of the viscosity (1.18, 0.83, 0.65) Melli Boys respectively.

The objective of this study was to determination of some Carbohydrates in yoghurt , such , sugars that some Probiotics and Primary Enhancements and Jerusalem artichoke had been to it in different(1-12) trials, in addition to control treatments. The sugars,( inulin, lactose , galactose , ,and fructose ) have been determined. The results of yogurt which Oats have shown increase the sugars concentration over the treatments that J. artichoke have been added. Yogurt treatment that Sacc. boulardii and Oats and J. artichoke powder gave high Inulin concentration (563.25 g µ / ml).
However, the yogurt treatment of Bifido bacteria and J. artichoke extracts gave less conc. of Inulin (160.25 g µ / ml). In spit of, the variation in sugars concentrations (Lactose, Galactose, and Fructose) ,but the yoghurt treatment with Sacc. Boulardii(yeast), Bifido longum (bacteria ), and Oats gave higher concentrations of these sugars in this treatment as 523.38 , 141.74 , 135.0 g µ ml respectively . The yoghurt treatment that have Sacch. boulardii , Lb.acidophlus , and Oats gave lower values of lactose sugar (60.89µg/ml) .

The study involved the use of some physical tactics against both beetle poetic grain T. granarium beetle South cowpea C. maculatus beetle red flour Alsdiah T. castaneum These methods used were the use of three types of powders inert an ash bay leaves Nobilsi Laurus and the ashes of olive leaf Olea europaea L ash writing papers writing paper Petrkizin are 5% and 10% the results indicated that the highest murder recorded in writing papers concentration of 10% for the duration of the fourth of storage and amounted to 72.50% seriously beetle South cowpea 17.08% seriously beetle red flour and 40.83% seriously beetle grain noodles, while the lowest rate for the killing of the ashes of olive leaf

The results showed animal organic manures effect in soils contaminated with galls reduction in nematoda effect on wheat plants contaminated with galls with various rates according to manure type , chicken manure show more activity against this disease in addition to reduce from infection parameters represented to gall number / spike , gall weight , infection percentage and infection severity were 3.55 gall / Spike , 5.33 mg / gall , 42.86% and 8 gall / 100 seeds respectively, compared with the control treatment (non-fertilized) , which amounted to 9.95 gall / spike , 8.63 mg / gall , 96.76% and 35 gall / 100 seeds respectively . Excellence chicken manure by giving him the best height of the plant , Biological yield , area of flag leaf , spike length , number of branches were 90.40 cm / plant , 46.46 g / plant , 40.40 cm2 / leaf , 12.03 cm / spike and 14.13 branch / plant respectively, The amount of chlorophyll leaf outperformed fertilizer poultry at a higher rate of treatment comparison , resulting 56.26 / CCI. gave the contaminated treatment lower parameters for the same standards amounted to 57.33 cm / plant , 30.53 g / plant , 21.20 cm2 / leaf , 7.13 cm / spike , 5.63 Branch / plant and 28.4 / CCI , the case himself applicable standards of economic yield , seeds number , weight spike , weight 100 seeds and harvest index stood at 15.26 g / plant , 36.10 seeds / spike , 3.75 g / spike , 4.73 g / 100 seeds and 32.86 % respectively In comparison with control , which amounted to 6.24 g / plant , 13.23 seeds / spike , 1.43 g / spike , 3.73 g / 100 seeds and 20.46 % respectively.

Research aimed to identify the role of agricultural extension in disseminating the technology of organic farming among farmers Greenhouses in Wasit Governorate. By identifying the level of knowledge and level of application of vegetable growers and the level of the spread of technology and learn about the problems they face. Including the research population the people of Agriculture and Wasit Directorate of (17). Was selected random a sample by ((23% bringing the number of people (4). The number of growers of users reached the technology of organic farming in these people (588) farmer was a random sample of them elected by (17%), bringing the number of farmers (100) farmer . It prepared a questionnaire as a tool to collect data from farmers. Consisted of the first two areas included three axes cognitive scale farmers and measure the application level and scale of the disseminating of technology. The second area has included (30) problem faced by farmers were distributed to four axes. After confirming the virtual honesty and sincerity of content for viewing on a measurement tool specialists has been stability calculation in a way retail midterm and the method of Richardson and the method of Cronbach's alpha. Results showed that the level of knowledge and level of application and the level of the spread of technology was average. Recommended research and the need to work in earnest in educational programs and activities extention specialized Meaningful for planning the deployment of this type of agriculture because of its importance in providing a high nutritional value free of any harmful effects of pesticides and chemical fertilizers and hormones healthy food.

The Poultry production had nutrition essential in general and eggs table had special essential nutrition so it was one of proteins animal sources which high nutritional value, for economic effect in Iraq agriculture economic through its participation but the poultry manufacturing faced a lot of problems and productivity in hibitors. The aim of the study analyze the effective factors on eggs demands in Iraq through (1990-2013).
The demand index was analyzed on eggs between (1990-2013), depending on consuming quantity became it was succissine changeable, while the free independent changeable (eggs local price, international price, milk price, substute egg, income, population). And were analyzed in different way (liner, demi loghartim, reflex log, double log). Demi log index was choose as best index that correspondece with economic logic. That showed that the price of egg effect significnt at 1% level and had negative effect that corresponded with economic theory, that the price had contrait with demand quantity which augmental with 1% so the quantity demand decremed in 5.702% so the international demand of eggs appeared negative effect at 1% level with increasing in 1%, so the demand quantity decreased with 7.446% , while milk price had significant and positive effect at 1% that correspond with economic theory became it was substuted material with increasing 1%, so the demend quantity of eggs increased 0.01%. While income change appeared significant positive at 1% so the income increased with 1% so the demand quantity increased with 5.299%, where the population number had positive effect at 1% so the population increased had positive increasing consum quantity with 1% increasing the demend quantity increased in 6.756% , While the internal elasticity index was 0.0001 that means the income had positive significant on eggs consuming. In increasing income in 1% had demended increasing on eggs with 0.0001% that percentage reference to Iraqi indvidual consumer from egg not reached to saturation stage consume level decreasing of the subject as internal elasticity appeared.

In this research study in response view acreage planted with lentils in Iraq for a period (1993-2013) by applying the model Nerlove and koyck , By adopting lentil acreage as the Dependent variable , the in dependent factors are domestic price of the crop and the space to the age of its predcess or and productivity earlier Age and risk price and productivity risk and so for years for a period of Time series (1993-2013) , It was apply the formula of linear and logarithmic formula half ogartmih formula half ogartmih patterns , the Best choice to represent the relationships function careless in terms favorable than in terms ,Analysis was divided into two periods, The first for period (1993-2003) and second for period (2004-2013), it was clear from the results of statistical analysis that accented domestic price of lentils do not agree with the economic logic suggests not to increase farmers response price , It turned out that The area of the prior year amounted to (3.753005) have a significant effect , the productivity variable to prior year was worth (0.012) and its impact was not significant , the stunt- price coefficient was positive and not significant at the required level and the lack of its ,variable influence has been positive and the value of the parameter (0.104) and this means that the effect of the risk for productivity does not constitute an important figure in the agricultural policy specialists in the culture lentil crop, the coefficient of determination (R2) reaching up to (0.56) Also make sure not amoral model as a whole through the test (F) ,Also make sure our Lack of self- correlation problem through values (D.W) , It was calculated Elasticity and price reaches (1.20 ) ,The results of the analysis of the second period for the period of(2004-2013) was All parameters signals without the approval of economic logic and not significant, Reached the coefficient of determination (R2) %0.50 , And it proved be amoral model as whole through the test (F) , And show us free model of autocorrelation problems through testing (D.W) , the model koyck lost in This model is that the total production of the worker either independent Factors are the total area and production of the prior year , It was applied Function to study the relationships of the deltoid lentil , It was clear from There result of statistical analysis , the variable space was positive and Significant at the required level , the out put of the year and is appositive Moral predecessor , It was clear from the coefficient of determination (R2) robust state security was (0.93)to %93of the change the occur in the Model tibbh factors , And it proved significantly the function as whole through the test (F) , It was calculated weights Alambtaeh clear from the analysis that the weights are decreasing gradually .

The research aims to determine of awareness of workers to the extension damaged of the use of agricultural chemicals in Salah- Addin province in general, as well as to identify the correlation between the level of awareness and some independent factors.
Division which includes (257)employees, become the number(228)a random sample proportional 50% selected so became the total number of members of the sample (114) employees, neglected (6) forms data were analysis (108) respondent. A questionnaire includes two parts: The first part is included questions related to a number of independent factors, the second part awareness of the scale segment consists of (108) paragraph after an apparent honesty and sincerity was amended paragraph addition and deletion according to the opinions of experts and bringing the number of vertebrae gauge(76) items, than calculate the half-split which was(0.93).
The results showed that the general of awareness of the respondents, was medium to high, and found a significant correlation relationship with academic achievement, sources of information, and the attitude towards food free from contamination of agrichemicals chemicals.
the researcher recommends that the workers needs to extension in the damage caused by agricultural chemicals, in the province in order to provide the respondents with necessary information damage to agricultural fertilizers and pesticides and expertise pests that takes thread a special significance because it is related to human health and nutrition and the environment.