Journal of Studies in Humanities and Educational Sciences

Lebanon is one of the countries characterized by the abundance of sectarian diversity, which gave it the advantage of fluctuations in positions and often lack of political harmony regarding their internal and external issues. Therefore, the focus was on the position of the Sunni community on the political events in Lebanon during the period 1957-1964. To know the opinions of this sect and the roles it played at that time, as the intellectual orientations adopted by the members of this sect were reflected in the political forces that represent them, whether inside or outside the House of Representatives, especially the support that they obtained as a result of their adoption of the ideas of the majority of the members of the sect, which is what made them remain. In the political forefront for a very long time.
This research was divided into several topics, including: Lebanese internal politics and the position of Sunni representatives on it 1957-1964, and the position of Sunni representatives on Lebanese foreign policy 1957-1964, as well as Lebanese government formations and Sunni representation in them 1957-1964, in addition to the events of 1958 in Lebanon. The role of the Sunni community in it, in addition to Sunni activity in the 1961 coup attempt in Lebanon.

The structure of (shyyaan) in the sentence was mixed with the meaning of its context within the construction of an integrated text with its interconnected paragraphs to reveal to us the mutual relationship between the parsing of the word and the meaning it conveys in the sentence. So (something) is not independent in itself, isolated in its meaning from the integrated framework, but rather it is an integral part of the context in which it appears. This research came to reveal this interconnection and highlight the nature of this relationship between the parsing of (something) and the meaning of the context, thus revealing to us a secret of the linguistic miracle of the Qur’an. Generous.

This research aims to highlight two types of discourse in the Holy Qur'an - Surat Hud - namely, the prophets' address to their people, and their people's address to them. In addition to finding the semantic difference between the two speeches in terms of the prophets' speech being based on evidence and logic, and its purpose is to guide people and bring them out of darkness into light. And the discourse of the peoples of the prophets lacks argument and proof, and its main purpose is to argue, establish oneself and support it without looking at the consequences of matters. All of this was divided into three axes. As for the first axis, it included the story of our master Noah (peace be upon him) and his argument with his people. The second axis contained the stories of Hood and Saleh (peace be upon them), and as for the third axis, the talk was about the two stories of Lot and Shuaib (peace be upon them both).

The current study looked at the association between psychological resilience and academic accomplishment among University of Kirkuk - College of Education students based on academic specialization (humanities and sciences) and gender. The third stage of the research sample comprised sixty male and female students, with the researcher using a descriptive technique. The academic performance measure (Salem, 2016) with its forty paragraphs was utilized, while the psychological resilience scale was constructed with thirty paragraphs. Following data collection and statistical processing, the two research scales were used.

There are several variables in the student’s life, including physiological, physical, psychological and other variables, as psychological variables have an important role in the student’s life, especially during the learning and training process, as they affect learning skills, as each student has his own personality and reactions that differ from one student to another. In terms of emotional balance and skillful performance, as we sometimes find that one of the students has a spirit of optimism and deals with colleagues with simplicity and love, but we find that another student has a spirit of pessimism and does not deal with colleagues friendly, but that he takes things in a permanent passivity. Without extremism of emotional situations, and that the lack of emotional balance means the individual’s willingness to provide a turbulent and rapid emotional response” (61:1) As for the academic field, he stated, “The outstanding students and male students are more balanced than the non-excellent and outstanding students, as academic excellence is linked to emotional balance, as well as in The sports aspect, Allawi mentioned that the player who is characterized by emotional balance can excel in the sporting activity that he practices, as he linked athletic excellence to the physical balance. Emotional" (80:2) Therefore, learning some basic skills in the game of handball requires emotional balance, and hence the importance of the research. As for the research problem, it focused on answering the question, is whether emotional balance has a relationship with learning basic skills in handball. The main objective of the research is to build a measure of emotional balance and to know its relationship to the skillful performance of the second stage curriculum in handball. As for the imposition of the research, is there a relationship between emotional balance and learning skills in handball. The number (140) male and female students were randomly selected from a deliberately chosen community. The emotional balance scale was built and its scientific transactions extracted. The discriminatory ability of the scale was also extracted. After that, it was distributed to experts and specialists to express their opinions and the validity of the test. It is also valid. An exploratory experiment was conducted to avoid obstacles, and the scale was applied in the main experiment of the research. Study data were collected and unloaded to make it easier to deal with statistically. The researcher presented the results in the form of tables (2) tables, and each of these tables was presented. The results were discussed for each of the study variables, which are emotional balance, as well as skill performance evaluation, and through that, it was reached to achieve the objectives of the research and verify its hypotheses. Through the presented results, the researcher concluded the following: Emotional balance has greatly affected the process of learning basic skills among the research sample.

We use the term "media language" to express a type of writing that aims to provide new information about an issue, or to provide an analysis of a political, intellectual, social or cultural position that includes some novelty through a mass communication channel), and the addressee is a (general audience) and includes an implicit attempt to (persuade) that audience to take a specific political, intellectual, civilizational or social position; Therefore, the language of the media has received clear attention due to what these means have imposed on contemporary societies in general, and on their scientific and cultural structure in particular.In light of this interest, and given the tremendous transformation and development that these technological developments are causing in our Islamic societies, we must study the dimensions of these developments in our lives. Hence comes the importance of studying (media language in visual programs) as it is a coexistence with reality and a preaching treatment based on a scientific approach that is aware of the effects of these means and how to deal with them, and this is the focus and subject of the research.

This study aims to attempt to clarify the role played by social networking sites, including the (X) site, in influencing the Iraqi public's attitudes towards the elections and developing political and social awareness by devoting a culture of participation in the elections, which leads to the formation of positive attitudes towards political issues to achieve the success of the political process and reach democracy. It also has a positive role from a social perspective through political awareness, and contributes to the consecration of the culture of social volunteering, and shows its negative impact on the stability of Arab countries and societies by spreading the culture of violent extremism, terrorism, inciting sedition and spreading chaos. Perhaps the most prominent example of this is the use of these sites by ISIS and its actual success in recruiting many young people through them, as a result of their wide influence on all segments of society, whether these sites are Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram and other multiple sites that are characterized by their ease of use and low cost, and they also provide many services such as the ability to reach a large number of individuals in a short time, and what it provides in terms of the feature of concealment and not revealing the real identity.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the Hakkarainen model on the achievement and skillful thinking of students of basic education colleges. The researcher adopted the experimental method with an experimental design for two equivalent groups. The research community is represented by basic education colleges in Iraq for the academic year (2023-2024), in which the number of sections for third-stage students is not less than two sections. In order to determine the research sample, the researcher intentionally chose Al-Mustansiriya University / College of Basic Education / Department of Special Education. He randomly chose Section (A) to represent the control group that studied the general teaching methods course according to the usual method, and Section (C) to represent the experimental group that studied the same course according to the Hakkarainen model. Section (A) was (57) male and female students, and Section (C) included (57) male and female students. The failed students were excluded, and their number was (3) male and female students so that their previous experiences would not affect the results of the experiment. Thus, the number of students in the research sample reached (114) male and female students. The researcher statistically rewarded the following variables: (chronological age calculated in months, previous information test, Daniels intelligence test, skillful thinking scale), and the researcher determined the subject matter with topics from the general teaching methods course, then the researcher formulated (200) behavioral objectives, as for the research tool, he built the skillful thinking scale and the scale paragraphs were formulated for each of its fourteen components, as a group of paragraphs was obtained, the number of which was (56) paragraphs, then those paragraphs were distributed to the components of the skillful thinking scale that were previously determined, and the researcher used the appropriate statistical means to extract the data, and the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group over the students of the control group.

One of the most prominent eras witnessed by the city of Mosul during the Ottoman era is the era in which the Arab Mosul family known as the Jalili family ruled, and Suleiman Pasha Al-Jalili is considered one of its most prominent governors, and he is the eldest son of Ghazi Muhammad Amin Pasha, son of the minister Hussein Pasha, son of Ismail Pasha Al-Jalili. He took over the administration of Mosul several times, through which he was able to impose the state’s prestige, establish security, and maintain order throughout his fourteen-year rule. He was known for his influence and wealth, and was able to control the resources of the city of Mosul. He gained the favor of the sultans of the Ottoman Empire for the services he provided them in their extensive and repeated wars against the Russians and Persians, so they sent him the robe of honor as minister. He took command of the Ottoman army and made extensive construction achievements, the effects of which are still evident to this day. These achievements included fortifying the city, strengthening its defenses, and reinforcing its walls with castles and towers. He also renovated the mosques and congregations of Mosul, its schools, such as the Pasha Mosque, Al-Ziwani Mosque, Al-Numaniyah Mosque, Jamshid Mosque, Suleiman Mosque, the religious school, the Muhammadiyah School, the Ottoman School, the Prophet Sheet Mosque School, the Qaysariyyah Al-Dallalin Mosque, the Al-Salihiyah Bathhouse, and the Bab Al-Jadid Bathhouse. He also renovated the famous burial place of his father and grandfather, the burial place of the two Jalilins. After the end of his term, he traveled to perform Hajj, then returned to Mosul and remained there until his death in the year 1211 AH/1796 AD, where he was buried next to his father and grandfather in the burial place of the two Jalilins in the Pasha Mosque.

Conting The judiciary is on of the highest ranks in Islam , As the honorable sunnah of the prophet warned of the need to recite Law Of God in the cases of different people there fore the mamluks gave the judiciary institution great importance, and its enemy is one of the state and its value and influence. in various Fields That affect the movement and organization of society, Islam warned judges not to deviate from truth and righteousness. The judiciary in the mamluk era enjoyed great development, as sultan Zager Bay bars divided the judiciary and appointed a judge for each of the schools of the thought. In spite of the fact that these Is Lamic sects were not at the same degree of spread amoug the people in Egypt and the levant, as the followers of the ShafiI school were the overwhelming majority in them. On the one hand and restore the Abbasid caliphate on the other. The reason for choosing the subject is due to the fact that the judiciary system is one of the most important religious functions related to the lives of peoples and subjects. And to shed light on the important role in most periods of the responsibility to defend the right, and for a clear understanding of the distinguish hued role of judges and their position that they were entrusted with in the Mamluk state it is necessary to search for the nature of the work of this institution and its development within the frame work of the mamluk state and position in the mamluk state in general until the middle of the eighth century (AH, The for teen the century AD, where bribes spread, and judges became a tool in the hands of rulers, ruling as they wished, and the position of the judge reached its worst condition and became disrespectful, especially when the judge's rulings were in consistent with their own in tersests, in addition to the spread of false with esses wich made them manipulate judicial rulingsin accordance with their narrow in terests at the expense of truth and justice.

The aim of the research is to identify the problems facing teachers of autistic children. To achieve the aim of the research, the researchers built a scale of problems facing teachers of autistic children according to the definition of (John Dewey), which consisted in its final form of (40) paragraphs, after verifying the validity and reliability and analyzing its paragraphs statistically on the research sample of (300) male and female teachers. After completing the procedures of the research scale, the researchers extracted the result of their research by analyzing the answers of autistic teachers, using a set of statistical methods (Chi-square, t-test for two independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient). The researchers concluded that teachers of autistic children suffer from many problems. Based on the result, the researchers developed a set of recommendations and suggestions.

This research is concerned with the issue of students of medical group colleges in Iraq relying on YouTube as a source of cognitive achievement in the field of their university studies through a field study of a sample of medical college students. The research aims to reveal the aspects of cognitive achievement achieved for them from the content of YouTube. The research sample consisted of 400 Individual students from the medical group colleges at the University of Baghdad. The research adopted a survey approach to collect data from the respondents by designing a questionnaire and a scientific scale to determine the aspects of cognitive achievement achieved by them from using YouTube. The research concluded with:
- Identifying the patterns and habits of medical group students’ use of YouTube.
- Knowing their motives for using YouTube.
- Revealing how they use YouTube in the cognitive field.
- Knowing the cognitive aspects resulting from their reliance on YouTube.
- Proving the correlation between their use of YouTube and their cognitive achievement.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and the best prayers and most complete peace be upon the most honorable of messengers and the Seal of Clarification, Muhammad bin Abdullah (may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him and his family), sent as a mercy to the worlds, and upon his pure and good family.
Now then: Every text has a meaning that others understand, and this understanding differs from one person to another, and not everyone is equal in understanding, as each one of them understands it according to his knowledge, so the more knowledgeable he is, the more understanding he has, so the one who says it or the one addressed by it is the most knowledgeable of people about it. Among these texts is the Holy Quran, so the Messenger (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) and his family (peace be upon them) are the most knowledgeable people about the Holy Quran, and without a doubt the Holy Quran is the holy book that was revealed to the Seal of the Prophets Muhammad (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) and it was a book of guidance, education and upbringing, and a way of life that guarantees happiness in both worlds, whoever says it is truthful, whoever acts according to it is rewarded, whoever rules according to it is just, and whoever calls to it is guided to the straight path.. It is the strong rope of God, and it is the wise remembrance that scholars never get tired of. Interpretation is the key to these treasures and treasures that this glorious book, revealed to reform humanity, save people and honor the world, contains, and without interpretation it is impossible to reach these treasures and treasures no matter how much people exaggerate in repeating the words of the Quran and devote themselves to reading it every day a thousand times in all the aspects in which it was revealed, so every science connected to it gains from it elevation, holiness and honor, and one of these sciences is the science of interpreting the Holy Quran, which is considered the most honorable and noble of the sciences due to the strong connection between them and because the Quran is the subject that is acted upon.

Abstract
The technological revolution at the beginning of the first decade of the twenty – first century, which depends on information and knowledge and the ability to use them, was invested in a negative direction in conjunction with the noticeable development in the traditional concept of international security to include states and international actors and the emergence of cybersecurity at the level of international relations, as cybersecurity threats expanded. Which is characterized by its change, development, and wide global scope, and in light of technological and informational openness, terrorist groups have taken. Especially ISIS, which uses media and electronic tools to promote its ideas and principles through websites and newspapers published in different languages, or to plan and implement terrorist operations, or for offensive purposes, such as: “hacking websites, information networks, espionage, or spreading viruses in state agencies”. “Disseminating terrorist acts with high – quality technology to amplify that it is the strongest and most dangerous in the world, and to promote the lifestyle of individuals in the areas under the organization’s control”.

The current research aims to identify the proposed framework for utilizing augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools. To achieve the research objective, the following questions were addressed:
• What are the requirements for activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools?
• What are the obstacles to activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools?
• What are the proposals for activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools?
• What is the proposed framework for activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools?
The research was limited to studying the requirements and obstacles for activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools in Al-Qadisiyyah Governorate. A sample of 75 physics teachers from the Directorate General of Education in the governorate was randomly selected. The researcher adopted the descriptive method and used a questionnaire as a tool for data collection.The validity of the tool was confirmed after it was reviewed by specialists in education and teaching methods. The researcher utilized statistical methods for data analysis, including (Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, frequencies and percentages, and arithmetic means) using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS version 22.The research findings according to its objectives are as follows:What are the requirements for activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools? The researcher used descriptive statistics to measure the necessary requirements for activating augmented reality applications. The results showed that achieving this goal requires a strong infrastructure, including providing the necessary devices and technologies and training teachers to use them.What are the obstacles to activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools? This question was answered through the questionnaire, revealing that several obstacles hinder the activation of augmented reality applications, such as lack of resources and insufficient administrative support, which affect the effective implementation of this technology in high schools.
• What are the proposals for activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools? Based on data analysis, a set of proposals was presented to activate the use of augmented reality applications, such as enhancing collaboration between educational administrations and teachers and providing incentives to encourage innovation and creativity in using this technology.
• What is the proposed framework for activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools? Based on the research results, an integrated framework was developed that includes plans and strategies for activating the use of augmented reality in teaching physics, focusing on creating an interactive learning environment that supports the educational process and improves student achievement levels.
Recommendations Proposals:
In light of the findings, the researcher concluded with a set of recommendations and proposals aimed at improving and developing the educational process in Iraq, with a focus on activating the use of augmented reality applications in teaching physics in high schools.

This research deals with applications of text linguistics in a text attributed to Imam Jaafar bin Muhammad al-Sadiq (peace be upon him), which was mentioned in his Musnad, in which he mentions students of knowledge, dividing them into three categories, preferring among them those who seek it for religion and to work in what pleases God Almighty in this world and the hereafter. The research required me to learn about this science, and about the most important means it relies on in textual analysis (means of textual cohesion), applying these means in this text; to know the extent of the strength of its cohesion; it was evident in it, which reflects to us the linguistic and stylistic precision of its author.

The study included the time between the poets Jamil Buthaina and Omar bin Abi Rabia, a balancing study This study was divided into an introduction and three sections:The first topic: the concept of time, its importance and typesThe second topic: includes spinning The third section included: an overview of the poets Jamil Buthaina and Omar bin Abi Rabia The fourth section: included examples of three selected poems by the two poets Then comes the conclusion, which explains the most prominent findings reached by the researcher

The current research aims to identify the cognitive competence of dialogue among middle school students. The researcher selected a sample of (300) male and female students, distributed equally. The researcher translated and adopted the McDowell scale (McDowell, 2000), which consists of (22) items distributed over five domains. The researcher extracted the psychometric properties of the scale in terms of validity and reliability, and reached the following results:
.1 Middle school students have the cognitive competence to communicate.
.2 There are no statistically significant differences in the cognitive competence of dialogue among middle school students according to gender (males – females).

The research aims to study the indicators of the quality of well water in the district of Jamjamal, northeastern Iraq, to determine its nature and suitability. Samples were collected from 14 wells distributed throughout the study area, and the concentrations of a number of qualitative and chemical characteristics of the well water were determined. The study showed an increase in electrical conductivity and total hardness in the Kazlan well, but they did not exceed the permissible limits locally and globally. The concentration of calcium also increased in the Mashtal Qara Dagh well, and the concentration of dissolved salts (TDS) increased in the Kharkani well, exceeding the permissible limits locally and globally. The study also showed that the water of the two wells, Kharkani and the well of Mashtal Qara Dagh, was not suitable for drinking purposes, while the water of the wells Dolan Khawaro, Qula, and Kazlan were very poor, and the water of the rest of the wells was poor according to the Canadian Quality Index (WOI). The study showed that all the wells are suitable for agriculture and irrigation, except for the well Hali Haji Rashid, whose suitability is doubtful, while the well Dolan Khawaro is not suitable for agriculture and irrigation according to the sodium percentage index (S.S.P).

A group of poets emerged during the First World War, who adopted trench poetry or poetry of the war to express their own perception of war. Poets such as Wilfred Owen, Isaac Rosenberg, and Siegfried Sassoon, and others conveyed their own experiences in the Great War and the suffering of their fellow soldiers. They provided an obvious and true depiction of the severity of war. A large number of soldiers experienced a psychological trauma of war that was known 'shellshock.' Thus trench poetry appeared to introduce the daily life of the soldiers and the violent details they witnessed in the trenches The present study investigates the mental disturbance in Wilfred Owen's trench poetry. An introduction is provided to introduce the First World War and its impact upon soldiers, society, and poetry. The effect of shellshock on the mentality of the soldiers and its symptoms are also explored. "Mental Cases," "Insensibility," and "Exposure," are poems by Owen selected to examine the mental disorder of the soldiers. The poems handle Owen's own vision towards the worthlessness of war, the psychological effect of warfare on the soldiers and their feelings.The study considers Owen's trench poetry as a device to document the emotional and psychological states of the soldiers, which are a reflection of the atrocity of the real battles that they had experienced. It also explains Owen's message that war is the worst resolution for political troubles and challenges.

Taif is considered one of the most important cities of the Hijaz, especially from the religious aspect. Rather, it included other social, economic and political aspects, and because it is comparable to Mecca and Medina in the religious aspect, this study addressed the religious beliefs spread in Taif and included Taif, its climate, location, names, inhabitants, and the most important religions that Taif knew before Islam, such as Paganism, Judaism, Christianity, and Hanafiism, and then their position on Islam, and the most important mosques that spread in Taif after the emergence of Islam.

Capitalism is a dominant economic system in many parts of the world, shaping societies, industries, and individuals\' lives. Not only it has left its mark on the real world, but also on the realm of literature. Numerous novels and screen texts have explored capitalism as a central theme, triggering extensive research and analysis. However, much of this research is guided by viewing capitalism from new perspective, not just as a system that exploits workers by paying them less than the value of their physical labor. One popular series that has attracted considerable attention of the researchers is Squid Game. Yet, none of the studies have discussed the new satirical sense of capitalism as a way of entertainment. In Squid Game capitalists derive pleasure from the characters\' display of fear, anxiety, and their willingness to risk their lives, essentially purchasing the opportunity to indulge in Schadenfreude. Remarkably, the characters in the game willingly sell their emotions and experiences rather than their physical labor. This research paper aims to focus on the presentation of capitalism in Squid Game as a form of entertainment while examining the associated capitalist Schadenfreude behavior. To analyze this phenomenon, the researchers will go with the familiar definitions of capitalism, alongside various critical and psychological definitions of Schadenfreude. By exploring this unique portrayal of capitalism in the context of entertainment, this research endeavors to shed light on the complex dynamics between capitalism, pleasure – seeking, and the commodification of human experiences.

The current research aims to determine the level of academic buoyancy among university students and the significance of the differences according to the gender variable (males and females) and the specialization variable (scientific and humanities)
The level of academic participation among university students and the significance of the differences according to the gender variable (males and females) and the specialization variable (scientific and humanities)
The correlation between academic buoyancy and academic participation among university students.
the possibility of predicting academic buoyancy in the academic participation of university students. For the purpose of achieving the research objectives, the researcher selected a sample from the community, namely the students of Al-Qadisiyah University, College of Education, for the academic year 2023-2024, for the morning study. It consisted of 320 male and female students, and they were chosen by a systematic random stratified method with equal distribution to extract the psychometric properties of the validity and reliability of the scales and their application. The two measures were applied to the research sample, the data was analyzed, and the results showed that university students have academic buoyancy and also enjoy academic participation. There is a direct relationship between the two variables, and there is also a contribution between them. In light of this, the researcher developed some recommendations and proposals.

The period after Iraq's independence is full of historical events in the history of contemporary Iraq, as Faisal I tried to establish a modern state far from British domination. Despite the formality of ending the British mandate, declaring independence, and Iraq's entry into the League of Nations, with the death of King Faisal I and the inauguration of King Ghazi, political conflict and unrest among the tribes of the Middle Euphrates exploded, as did the tribes' interference in politics and the division of politicians into two competing camps. Britain was not far from these political events, unless it was the driving force behind some of them, due to the importance of Iraq to British policy and its strategic interests in the Middle East.

The study of soil is one of the geographical studies of great importance in the agricultural aspect. Its importance comes from being the medium in which plants grow and derive their food and water from it. Modern studies have begun to focus on determining the best lands in terms of their soil. From this scientific standpoint, the idea of the research was formed, as modern technologies were employed, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, which gives great potential in determining soil levels according to the requirements of each crop from soil properties. To achieve this, GIS technology and its tools were used, as spatial completion and spatial analysis tools were used, which achieve classification and analysis of data through the Classify tool. To reach spatial compatibility, a spatial compatibility model was created using the Model Builder application and using the Weighted Overly tool, which depends on the weighting weights of each soil property according to its importance and impact on the crop. The research concluded that the study area includes good soil for growing the watercress crop, as its percentage for the two categories (S1 - S2) amounted to (81.54%) is a very good percentage that can be used to increase the areas planted with the crop. As for the bean crop, the percentage of good soil reached (50.2%) within the two categories (S1 - S2), which is an average percentage that can be used to grow the crop and benefit from the elements of its success.

The research was organized to explore the complex relationship between psychological resilience and social interaction in the school environment, where a sample of 276 male and female middle school students from the schools of Ramadi, Iraq, was selected for the academic year 2023/2024. The researchers relied on a descriptive approach for data collection and used the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) to measure the students' ability to adapt effectively to stressors, in addition to the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) that assesses students' fears of social interaction. After analyzing the survey results, the data showed that the level of psychological resilience was generally good, but significant gender differences were evident, with females scoring higher than males in resilience. This observed variation highlights the need to consider the social and psychological factors that may influence the psychological development of both male and female students. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between the resilience of females and males, emphasizing the differences in how each gender copes with psychological challenges. Furthermore, the results indicated a strong positive relationship between psychological resilience and social interaction, suggesting that students with higher resilience tend to interact more effectively and comfortably in their school environment. These findings underscore the importance of supporting and enhancing psychological resilience through various educational programs, such as seminars and psychological workshops, to ensure the improvement of the school environment, enhance student communication, and build healthy relationships, which are essential for their overall growth and social and psychological development.

The research focused on the topic of the \"National Front\" that was established secretly in Iraq in March 1961 by a group of nationalist-oriented parties. It operated covertly and issued several confidential statements criticizing the government and the Iraqi Communist Party, which supported the ruling regime at that time. The National Front called for overthrowing the regime, integrating Iraq into the Arab world, advocating for Arab unity, liberating Palestine, and eliminating colonial movements. However, it gradually weakened, lost its momentum, and eventually faded away. The constituent parties resumed their individual activities in 1962. The research is divided into two sections: the first section explores the roots, establishment, causes, and approach of the National Front, while the second section examines its activities through the confidential statements it issued.

This manuscript is a concise booklet on morphology، divided into two parts. It is a beginning for beginner students of the Arabic language. As is clear from its title، its author described it as such، saying in the last page of the second part: “I did not find a comprehensive summary of what they need in terms of benefits، devoid of what they do not need in terms of additions; so I compiled a summary of it.” The author mentioned all the morphological rules in it، with examples in an educational and facilitating style for students of knowledge. I verified this manuscript by referring to a clear handwritten copy، and I presented the verified text with a brief study of the author; Because its author has not received a comprehensive biography in the books of biographies، and after that I mentioned the documentation of its attribution، description، importance، and method of its verification. Then I moved to verify the manuscript and followed the well-known method in the science of verification، and I concluded the work with a list of sources and references. Finally، I hope this work will be beneficial for students of knowledge، and praise be to Allah، Lord of the Worlds

This research aims to shed light on the subject of matching the subject to the predicate, and to compare the ancient grammarians’ view of this alignment and the view of linguistic studies in the modern era. The importance of the research stems from balancing the opinions of ancient and modern scholars and clarifying the areas of agreement and difference between them. Therefore, the research aims to achieve this balance, and it followed the descriptive and analytical approach to study this issue. The research began with an introduction that included the importance of the study, its objective, the methodology used, and the research plan. Then the research was divided into two sections: the first of which studied the concepts of subject and predicate, and was divided into two requirements: the first of which dealt with defining subject and predicate in language and terminology, and the second discussed the types of each. As for the second section, it was interested in studying subject and predicate among grammarians and modernists, and was divided into two requirements: the first of which studied the view of ancient grammarians on the compatibility of subject and predicate, while the second requirement sought to highlight the view of modern linguists on the compatibility of subject and predicate. The research ends with a conclusion that includes the most prominent findings and a list of the sources and references he used.

The research deals in detail with the conflicts that arose between the Turkish military and the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad during the 3rd century AH / 9th century AD. The Turkish soldiers had managed to occupy key positions in the administrative and military apparatus of the Abbasid state, and they became an influential force in making political and military decisions. Research in this field indicates that the first of these conflicts broke out during the reign of Caliph Al-Mu'tasim (218-227 AH / 833-842 AD). The caliph tried to reduce the influence of the Turkish soldiers and restore control to the central government. This led to violent clashes between the two sides, ending in the victory of the Turkish soldiers and the imposition of further dominance over the reins of power. During the reigns of the caliphs Al-Mutawakkil, Al-Muntasir, and Al-Mu'taz, these conflicts resurfaced repeatedly, accompanied by waves of unrest and chaos that ultimately led to the deterioration of the political and economic conditions of the Abbasid state. The study shows that these conflicts were one of the most important factors that paved the way for the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate and the emergence of independent emirates in the fourth century of after Hijra.

The task of the US administration in formulating a moderate foreign policy towards Bolivia was not an easy matter, especially after the success of the Bolivian National Revolutionary National Movement in taking power after the April Revolution of 1952. The objectives of the new policy were to maintain the status quo at the time, and to work to reduce the losses as much as possible that might inflict US interests not only in Bolivia but also in the Latin continent, and then search for solutions that would reconsider the arrangement and resolution of a number of decisions that strengthens its relations with the new government of Bolivian; Will President Eisenhower's new administration continue to support the revolutionary nationalist movement in Bolivia? And if you decide to do so, what will the form of US support for the Bolivian national government? Will it continue or will it abandon Bolivia during that period? Perhaps the administration of President Eisenhower is waiting for new decisions and positions that will resolve the issue of US-Bolivian relations, in light of the changes imposed by the unstable political and economic scene in Bolivia after the regime change? It is necessary to verify those issues raised on the international arena, especially since Bolivia is of great importance to the United States of America, and that its success in achieving the objectives of its new policy means that it removed doubts and direct threats to the security of its strategic interests in the Western Hemisphere?

The current study aims to identify the relationship between professional conscience and job satisfaction among Sumer University employees. The research sample amounted to (200) employees from Sumer University employees. The researcher followed the descriptive approach to achieve the research objectives. After the researcher built the research tools (a scale for professional conscience and a scale for job satisfaction) after verifying the psychometric characteristics and using the appropriate statistical methods for the research. After analyzing and discussing the results, the research concluded that the sample members have a high level of professional conscience and a high level of job satisfaction among the sample members. The research results showed a correlation between professional conscience and job satisfaction and an impact relationship between them. The study showed the importance of job satisfaction in improving professional conscience among university employees. The study recommended activating self-control for each employee and working to provide means of job satisfaction from means and devices for work and an incentive system.

This research deals with one of the books that dealt with the history of the judges in Egypt in the Fatimid era. This research, through this book, shed light on one of the most important Islamic systems under one of the Shiite states. In addition, it clarifies the extent to which the judicial system was affected by the doctrine of the state, and the change it added to its rules. The research concluded that some caliphs tended to get rid of the judges in brutal ways. Also, that period witnessed the emergence of Fatimid families whose sons took over the position of the judiciary... and other findings.

One of the biggest and most dangerous challenges that any country may face is revolutions, because they are considered a rapid and fundamental transformation of countries, especially in their structure, whether political, economic, religious or ethnic. Since the Abbasid Caliphate itself was established as a revolution that achieved all the changes at that time, this is what prompted it to take all the necessary measures and means to eliminate any revolution against it. Here, the Abbasid state faced one of the social revolutions that posed a great danger to it, which is the Zanj Revolution, that unique revolution with clear goals, especially the demand for social justice and the struggle to achieve it. There is no doubt that this revolution has been taken by researchers as a rich material for their studies, and many researches and studies have been written about it, but according to the researcher\'s knowledge, the methods and procedures of the Abbasid Caliphs have not been addressed as an independent study in eliminating it, as the state faced it in various ways for fear of its exacerbation. This in turn was the main reason for choosing the research entitled ((Methods and Procedures of the Abbasid Caliphs to Eliminate the Zanj Revolution 255-270 AH / 868-883 AD)).
The authorities have always tried to deter any movement or position that might express opposition to it, especially in the era characterized by division among Muslims and the dominance of religious sectarian trends in the public arena of authority. The authority had no choice but to follow many arbitrary measures with the help of the necessary tools to eliminate those positions that occurred in the period between (132-656 AH / 749-1258 AD).

This study aims to elucidate the peculiarities of the Quran in various disciplines, including morphology, syntax, language, expression, eloquence, the script of the manuscript, recitations, punctuation marks, and others. Our criterion in selecting what is considered "peculiar" is what we have encountered or may encounter questions about from students of knowledge, researchers, and Muslims in general, concerning aspects of the Quran that might pose difficulties for them. In this research, we have focused on the first portion of the Quran as a starting point for a long series that we hope to undertake with the permission of Allah, the Most High, alongside the Quran. The Quran is the greatest thing to live under its shade and the greatest thing to honor oneself with, hence the aspiration of scholars and the cave of researchers. The most sought-after aspect is the peculiarity that poses challenges for many people. Therefore, this study serves as a beacon of light illuminating the path for those traversing it, and success is from Allah .

Most of the amulets in the models of the Pharaohs' Hill in Egypt were symbols of deities such as the goddesses Bastet, Horus, Isa, Bes, and Wadjet, as protective deities whose attributes included providing protection from evil spirits, which indicates that the purpose of forming these amulets was for protection and healing from diseases. The same applies to the models of amulets from Mesopotamia, where most of them were associated with symbols that have the ability to expel evil spirits or heal diseases that these spirits may cause, including the creature or genie Pazuzu and the genie Lamashtu, in addition to a group of Egyptian gods that appeared in the Achaemenid era, including the gods Bes, Djehuti, and Wadjet. By studying the models of Tell el-Fara’an in Egypt and the models of Mesopotamia, no influence was observed between them during the period of the end of the Assyrian and late Babylonian eras and what corresponds to the beginning of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty in ancient Egypt, as both schools remained distinguished by their independent productions from the influence of each other, whether in terms of material and formation, as well as meaning. However, the influence appeared very clearly in the Achaemenid era and what corresponds to the end of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty in ancient Egypt, where artistic productions with a very clear Egyptian influence appeared in the sites of Mesopotamia, including Babylon and Nimrud, such as the amulets belonging to the gods Bes and Djehuti. This indicates the existence of a connection and convergence, perhaps on the commercial or military level, given that both civilizations were exposed to one occupation, represented by the Achaemenid occupation. However, what is most likely to be explained as a reason for the presence of such products of amulets in Mesopotamia is the commercial and cultural expansion between the two civilizations that witnessed the events of that time period for both civilizations.

Bektashiism was a mixture of different beliefs and different philosophies, and the political conditions contributed to giving it this color. Ottoman society included people of different religions and different races, and these circumstances pushed the Bektashiism to take from all these beliefs and philosophies and make them their own. The social and religious conditions in Asia Minor during the thirteenth century AD contributed to the political instability and intellectual turmoil that were a visible feature during that stage, in addition to the successive wars. On the other hand, the successive migration from Central Asia to the Turkish tribes contributed to bringing in simple people, leaders and founders of the roads. Sufism to Anatolia, including Hajj Bektash. All of this contributed to the emergence of Sufi orders in Anatolia, including the Bektashi order. The Ottoman Empire relied on Bektashi at the beginning of its establishment, and assigned to it the idea of controlling and unifying the religious and ethnic diversity prevailing in Anatolia for the benefit of the state project. As a result of the religious tolerance that characterized this method, this trend remained until the beginning of the sixteenth century, but this trend and harmony did not last long. The Ottoman Empire changed its policy negatively towards the ideas of the order, when the Bektashi (Qizilbash) sided with the Safavid state since the era of Shah Ismail Safavid (1501-1524) against the Ottoman Sultan Selim I (1512-1520), and described its followers as atheists and heretics, and based on that, it took Bektashiism turned towards esoteric thought and concealed its doctrines.

The research aimed to identify the level of teaching performance among female students applying in the College of Education for Girls according to the skills of the twenty-first century from the point of view of educational supervisors and specialists. The research was conducted in the academic year 2023-2024 AD. The research sample consisted of (76) teachers, representing (20%) of the total number of teachers in the College of Education for Girls, amounting to (380) teachers for scientific and educational specializations and supervisors of female students applying during field application in schools, with (33) teachers from educational supervisors, and (43) teachers from specialist supervisors. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared a scale of twenty-first century skills, consisting of (8) basic skills from the skills of the twenty-first century, and each skill includes (5) sub-skills, and in front of each skill (5) alternatives to answer it. After verifying the validity and reliability of the scale and using appropriate statistical methods, the results showed that female students applying in the College of Education for Girls enjoy a high level of teaching performance according to the skills of the twenty-first century from the point of view of Educational supervisors and specialization, and the absence of statistically significant differences in teaching performance according to the variable of specialization, and the researcher attributes the difference in averages to perhaps the factor of chance, or to the similar and close personal characteristics in the biological, psychological and social composition, in addition to the fact that they work in the same academic environment, which led to convergence in functional and academic performance and scientific experience, and their keeping pace with contemporary scientific developments in the field of teaching, and based on the results of the research, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

The religion of Allah calls for unity and wise, righteous politics that bring people together and do not divide them, that unite hearts and do not distance them, that encourage the purity of hearts, respect for Islamic brotherhood, cooperation in righteousness and piety, and offering advice for the sake of Allah and His servants. It also calls for the fulfillment of trust and governance according to Sharia, and abandoning the judgment by anything other than what Allah has revealed. As Allah said: "Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to their owners, and when you judge between people to judge with justice" (An-Nisa, 58). A reflective look at Islam reveals that it encourages perfection in work and urges the pursuit of earning a livelihood. Allah created people and commanded them to strive on earth in search of lawful sustenance and to perfect the work they engage in. The noble companions adhered to this command, known for their pursuit of lawful sustenance and the perfection of their work with sincerity, honesty, integrity, transparency, equality, and upholding the principle of accountability. They taught the entire world, and they became exemplary in this field. Unfortunately, subsequent generations abandoned this sound methodology, leaning towards laziness, lack of perfection in work, favoritism, and negligence in performing their duties. As a result, we, unfortunately, have become dependent on others for many reasons, the most important of which is the failure to adhere to the teachings of our religion that emphasize the necessity of sincerity and perfection in work.The race for worldly gains and the accumulation of wealth, whether lawful or unlawful, has become the goal for many Muslims, leading to the spread of bribery, as if it were a right for those who perform work for which they are already compensated by their employing institutions. Hence, feeling the responsibility and fulfilling the duty that falls upon each of us, I wanted to write on this topic: the role of preachers in promoting the culture of governance in government agencies. The preaching discourse can contribute to enhancing its principles by raising awareness of its principles in our daily lives within the professional community and encouraging community participation in the decision-making process.

The United States of America directed its attention towards the Arabian Gulf region, due to the important strategic location that this region has and enormous natural resources. The importance of Kuwait’s location at the top of the Gulf from the northwestern side, and the emergence of this importance clearly after the start of the export of Kuwaiti oil. These reasons made The United States direct its foreign policy towards Kuwait at the beginning of the fifties of the last century, when it opened its first consulate in Kuwait. After that, American-Kuwaiti relations developed in various political, economic, military and cultural aspects. These relations were strengthened after Kuwait gained its independence in 1961 AD. But the United States has always stopped at certain points in partnership and openness in relations, taking into account the presence of its ally, Britain, which has influence and control in the region. In the same time of the British withdrawal from the Gulf region, the United States of America stood alone as a single power that set in mind several goals, the most important of which is oil and control of the corridors. Exporting it, completely removing the Soviet threat from the region, and not allowing it to reach, the Arabian Gulf region represented an American defensive line against Soviet trends in warm waters. The policy of filling the void that the United States followed after Britain’s withdrawal from the Gulf in 1971 succeeded in strengthening its ties with various Gulf countries, the most important of which is Kuwait, which was one of the first countries to direct its foreign policy towards America, which saw in it the power and influence that could serve its interests. Especially since the latter sensed the danger of the communist tide in the Arab region. Despite the rapid and significant growth of American-Kuwaiti relations, they were subject to instability at specific periods of time, due to the Arab-Zionist conflict, and the Arabs’ use of oil weapons in the battle by preventing its export to countries that support the Zionist entity. But these relations returned to stability after this period of time ended, turning into a partnership framed by military, security and economic agreements that continue till these days .

The Arab heritage has a presence that no one interested in literary matters can deny, and because of its great importance, poets in particular have employed it in their poetic productions, gathering in it what they can from that literary heritage that is rich in its gifts. Heritage is the creativity of humanity in continuous periods of time, and this creativity cannot be ignored or overlooked because it is a source. It is an important source of civilization, and from it writers derived their material and made it a thread connecting them to the present based on a solid foundation The heritage that we care about will generate an interaction between its concepts and the concepts of contemporaneity and modernity, because it does not contradict those concepts, but rather unites with them, forming a cohesive organic unit for us, as it has proven its existence and begun to take its objective place in multiple intellectual sites

The research aims to identify the impact of a strategy RAFT in the achievement of fourth -grade students in science material Chemistry For the purpose of verifying the aim of the research, the researcher put the following zero hypothesis : There is no statistically significant difference At the level of significance ( 0.05 ) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who studied together according to strategy _ RAFT And the average scores of the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the collection of chemistry. The researcher chose the experimental design with tight control ( an experimental group and a control group ) with a post-test for the test For collection , the researcher chose Research sample of students ( Al-Nasr Secondary School for Boys) the fourth scientific grade in the department Al-Rifai breeding affiliated to the General Directorate of Dhi Qar Education in a random manner, amounting to (60 ) demanded, and I was rewarded The two groups are in T variables ( Chronological age in months, grades of previous achievement in chemistry for the first course, and the successful intelligence testt), then the data was analyzed using the statistical bag program in data processing SPSS , and an achievement test consisting of ( 40 ) objective items of multiple choice type was prepared . Verifying its apparent validity by presenting it to a group of arbitrators and specialists in the methods of teaching science and chemistry , as well as verifying the validity of the content through the conformity of the test to the content and the agreement of the arbitrators , and the discriminatory power was calculated And the coefficient of difficulty and ease and the effectiveness of wrong alternatives for each of the items of the test prepared using the appropriate equations For each of them , the stability of the test was found using the Kweder- Richardson-20 method, and it reached ( 0.80).The result of the research showed that there is an effect of the strategy RAFT in the achievement of fourth- grade students in chemistry in favor of the experimental group, and in the light of the research results, the current study reached some conclusions and put a number of Recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify (the effectiveness of the FARC model in acquiring grammatical concepts in Arabic grammar among sixth-grade primary school students and developing their linguistic sense), as the researcher adopted an experimental design with two equal groups, and the research sample consisted of (60) students (30 (a student in each group. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared two research tools, namely a test for the acquisition of grammatical concepts and a test for linguistic sense. The researcher verified its validity, distinction, and stability. After processing the data statistically using the SPSS statistical package system and appropriate statistical methods, the results showed the superiority of the experimental group that was studied. According to the FARC model, the control group was studied using the usual method.

parts for the first intermediate grade in light of the principles of active learning. To achieve this goal, the researcher reviewed the literature and studies that dealt with the principles of active learning. The researcher adopted the research tool that he used in his research, which is distributed among 6 areas that included 31 principles, which the researcher presented to experts specialized in the Arabic language, curricula and methods of teaching it, and language specialists in order to express their opinions and observations on it. The research tool in its final form, which includes: the first area, "the area of thinking", which includes 5 principles, the second area, "the area of motivation", which includes 5 principles, the third area, "the area of activities", which includes 5 principles, the fourth area, "the area of feedback", which includes 6 principles, while the fifth area, "the area of individual differences", which includes 5 principles, and finally the sixth area, "the area of cooperation and interaction", which includes 5 principles. Then the researcher began to analyze the book's exercises according to the paragraphs of the principles of active learning. To ensure the stability of the analysis, the researcher used two methods, the first of which is analyzing a sample of the content of The book with other analysts, and the other re-analysis between the researcher and himself after a specific period of time and using the (Holsti) equation, the stability coefficient between the researcher and the first analyst reached (86.51), and between the researcher And the other analyst (87.12), and between the researcher and himself (85.43), and in order to extract the results, he used The researcher used the statistical methods required in the research, in order to determine the extent to which they were achieved. He showed that the first field, which is (thinking), and the third field, which is (activities), were achieved. failure to achieve the other areas, which are the area of The fourth area, which is called feedback, and the Individual differences, motivation, and cooperation and interaction.

This research aims to study job isolation and its impact on the Ayyubid state, which is one of the most prominent Islamic states in the Middle Ages. The research explores how the Ayyubid rulers used job isolation as a tool to strengthen central control over the state, by dismissing officials who opposed the Sultan's policies or threatened his authority. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Job isolation under the Ayyubid state to strengthen their central control over the state, the dismissal of officials who opposed the Sultan's policies or threatened his authority, is called dismissal from service, where the punishment for dismissal is deprivation, an Islamic state that arose in Egypt, where it extended to include the Levant, the Gulf, Yemen, and some of the Maghreb countries.

The poem (In the Courtyard of Al-Hussein) by the poet Abdul Razzaq Abdul Wahid is one of the emotional poems that was classified among the most beautiful famous poems that were said in mourning for Imam Al-Hussein bin Ali (peace be upon them). He recited it in 1995 AD in Karbala on the occasion of his martyrdom. It is considered one of the most wonderful writings of the poet, because it emanates from his conscience and feelings. The strange thing is that its author (a Sabean) is not a Muslim. Al-Hussein formed in his poem a symbol that carries connotations that were lacking in all the poems of the poets who preceded him, including Al-Jawahiri. He differs from the poets who preceded him because the Husseini poem, in his hands, took a step beyond the constants of the old poem of crying and sadness and tangible connotations, such as wearing black, shedding tears, and slapping the cheeks. It also addressed new topics such as social and political issues. Current.

The research deals historically with a distinguished geographical location throughout the ages of medieval, modern and contemporary history, namely the Crimean Peninsula. Despite its small size, it had a high degree of importance in the medieval era for the Byzantine Empire and the northern Kipchak states. The determinants of this importance were identified and monitored through research and investigation. It became clear that it had geographical, political, economic and religious importance. It was the sea outlet for both parties to each other’s property. On this basis, each party tried to exploit this distinguished location to its advantage, whether through military pressure or through peaceful agreements and treaties that benefited both parties. Byzantium succeeded throughout time in winning the peoples and states of northern Kipchak to its side until the Mongol Tatars seized it at the beginning of the seventh century AH/thirteenth century AD. The Byzantine Empire, which was the biggest beneficiary of this location, sought to use political measures by all means, through which it tried to maintain its control and presence over the Crimean Peninsula as much as possible. It represented a watchtower for Byzantium on the movement of the peoples and countries of northern Kipchak, and an alarm bell if danger approached its borders. These movements were a source of concern for it, in addition to its economic importance in providing the markets of northern Kipchak and the Byzantine Empire with important goods and merchandise. It was also a fertile ground for preaching Christianity and a solution to Byzantium’s religious and political problems by exiling those who caused trouble to that island. Therefore, it worked to have good relations with all the countries located in northern Kipchak and to use these relations to strike the countries there against each other on the principle of (divide and conquer) through the privileges it granted them and the gifts, donations and grants in exchange for the services provided by those countries to Byzantium, which helped Byzantine influence to remain for more than twelve centuries in the Crimean Peninsula from the first century AD to the beginning of the seventh century. AH/13th AD, after this date it lost all its privileges due to the control of the Mongol Tatars over it.

Discretionary authority is a legal privilege granted to administrative bodies, allowing them to exercise their regular activities and make appropriate decisions under specific circumstances, without being legally obligated to decide in certain situations that fall outside their normal scope of work. However, discretionary authority cannot exist in a legal system that does not adhere to the rule of law and the principle of legal sovereignty. In a rule of law state, administration is bound by law, although it retains a degree of freedom in its actions and decision-making, which is not considered unlawful. The legislature grants administrative bodies the discretion to issue administrative decisions, while the judiciary oversees the legality rather than the appropriateness of these decisions, aiming to protect individuals from administrative abuse.

The importance of the research was demonstrated through the correct testing and measurement of a goalkeeper’s reaction speed in blocking handball shots, which must be scientifically designed, have a high level of accuracy, and measure the reality of the competition. Thus, we contribute to developing appropriate tests to evaluate handball players and raise the level of the game of handball. The problem of the research was: The handball goalkeeper is one of the important players in deciding most of the results of the match by blocking all shots, including the 6-meter shot, or what is called the penalty kick, and other shots. Whenever he has a high reaction speed, he is able to protect the goal for this reason. Measuring this physical trait and testing it continuously can be developed. Therefore, designing a test that actually measures the trait can raise the level of guards.Accordingly, the research objectives were:Design and standardize a test to measure the goalkeeper’s reaction speed when blocking shots from behind the mat, high jumping in handball for youth.Finding levels and standards to evaluate the goalkeeper’s reaction speed in blocking shots from behind the mat and high jumping in handball for youth.The most important conclusions were:The test designed by the researcher is able to reveal the level of reaction speed of young goalkeepers in blocking various shots The research sample was divided into four levels in ascending order (acceptable, average, good, very good It was recommended: Adopting the current test as a means of detecting the level of reaction speed of young goalkeepers in blocking various shots Emphasis on raising the level of reaction speed of young goalkeepers in stopping various shots because the goalkeeper is the team’s foundation for achieving victory.

Industry represents the basic foundation of the economic structure, from which economic and social development processes in various fields are launched and strengthened. Due to the importance of industry, the subject of this study was "Geospatial Analysis of Industrial Facilities in Al-Karma District". The study showed the diversity of industries in Al-Karma District. The number of facilities reached 1298 facilities, and the highest number was for energy production facilities، which reached 686 facilities. The industries with the least number of facilities were in the chemical industry with one facility. The number of workers in the industrial sector in Al-Karma District reached 5414 workers، and the highest number of workers was in the construction industry with 2638 workers, and the lowest number of workers was in the clothing and curtain industry with only 20 workers. The geospatial distribution showed that most industries were widely distributed in the districts of Al-Subaihat, Mahis Al-Sharqi, Mahis Al-Gharbi, Al-Shahabi، Al-Karma Island, Hajjajah and Umm Kabir. The construction industries had the highest level of localization of industries in the district، and the value of the localization coefficient reached 2.1, and the lowest value of the localization coefficient reached 0.25, and it was for the clothing and curtains industry. The study area has industrial diversity, as indicated by the diversity coefficient, where its value was close to one.

The establishment of the Alawite state in Tabaristan and Daylam in particular is an important historical event in Islamic history, as Al-Hasan bin Zaid, an Alawite from the descendants of Hassan bin Ali (peace be upon them), succeeded in establishing the Zaydi state in Daylam, and this came as a result of the establishment of the state. The Abbasids granted it land south of the Caspian Sea, and the difficult geographical environmental conditions of this region had a clear impact on the Islamic State. The difficult geographical environmental conditions of this region had a clear impact on the Islamic State, as this region remained inaccessible to the Muslims for many years. The Muslim Arabs were unable to conquer this region and spread Islam in it widely, due to the intensity of resistance from its inhabitants, and the entry of many preachers. The Alawites to this region contributed to its widespread spread, and as a result, the Alawite preachers were able to establish an Islamic emirate in the year (250-316 AH/864-948 AD) known as the Zaidi emirate in Tabaristan and Daylam.

This study aims to analyze the role of interactive programs in enhancing community participation through radio and television, as these programs have become a modern media tool that fosters direct communication between the media and the audience. The main issue is whether these programs can motivate the audience to actively participate in social, political, and economic issues, and how they influence public opinion. The importance of the study lies in understanding audience engagement with these programs and analyzing their impact on raising public awareness and promoting discussions on critical life-affecting issues.The significance of the research is to highlight interactive programs as tools capable of building bridges between citizens and decision-makers, enhancing the media’s role in supporting democracy. Despite the widespread use of these programs in the digital age, their impact on different societal groups has not been adequately studied. The study aims to define the concept of interactive programs in modern media and analyze their ability to direct public discussions, focusing on the challenges they face and ways to improve them.The study concludes that interactive programs significantly enhance public awareness, particularly when addressing key issues such as health, education, and social rights. Programs that rely on multiple communication channels, like social media and email, have proven to be more successful in attracting a wider audience and increasing engagement. However, challenges such as technological disparities and over-reliance on social media persist.

The subject of the ideal believer's personality is mentioned in the blessed Quranic verses and it is a very important subject as studies have sought to clarify this requirement in detail, but we did not see it mentioned in this way, so we wanted to clarify the concept of the ideal believer's personality through the Quranic verses through strength and determination and their impact on the person and building the character. The concept of strength has been used extensively in the Quranic verses, and we benefited in the first section from the words related to the topic we researched, which are some key words such as strength, determination, and the ideal believer. As for the second section, we addressed: Strength and determination in the Quran: including divine strength and strength for all creatures. As for determination in the Holy Quran for the ideal believer, it had many types, including: physical strength, strength in military leadership, the ability to carry the divine message, strength of numbers, clan, and people, the ability to spend what a person owns, and ability and its impact on building the character of believers, the ability to perform duties, hope for mercy, mercy and the characteristics of prophecy, descriptions of believers in the heavenly books, hardship and prosperity and their balance, learning from the effects of nations The previous, material civilization and wealth and the demise of previous nations, learning from the punishments of tyrants and corruptors, taking heed from the punishments of fathers and grandfathers, reassurance in the remembrance of God Almighty, courage and not being cowardly.

In light of the system of modern literary and critical terminology, the term “the unspoken” has emerged, occupying a large semantic space in all the details of literary genres. Which made it worthy of attention to research and exploration, and the application of its broad conceptual procedures to contemporary Iraqi poetic literary models. From here came the desire to enrich the research on this term in depth and breadth, and to fulfill its diverse aspects, and to unify the path of the legitimate line that includes suggestive connotations that radiate through the literary text, so I named the title of my research “The Unspoken in the Poetry of Mahmoud Al-Breikan, a story His hand (based on silence) is a model, based on On a systematic, analytical and descriptive vision to explain an important detail of the intentionality of texts, especially the prose poem of the Iraqi poet Mahmoud Al-Braikan.

The concept of civilization today is not a modern concept, but rather an ancient concept that extends through time, as it is impossible to imagine a civilization without a human being, nor a human being without history, nor the existence of a civilization that is not linked to history, as civilization is an integral part of this context. Scientific research and excavations have provided us with almost clear visions of life in previous eras, starting from prehistoric times. This research deals with the emergence and development of civilization in ancient times, The research consists of three topics, The first topic dealt with the concepts of civilization, nomadism, culture and urbanism. The second topic dealt with the emergence and development of civilization, while the third research dealt with the development of civilization. Man began to practice agriculture, which allowed him to move from a life of hunting and gathering to a settled life, which laid the foundation for the emergence of civilizations. Ancient civilizations such as the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations emerged, which were distinguished by their advanced technologies and writing systems in the first millennium BC. The Greek and Roman civilizations also had a great influence in the fields of art, philosophy and architecture. In the Middle Ages, both Europe and the East witnessed important developments, as the Islamic civilization emerged in the fields of science and arts, and the Industrial Revolution was a major turning point, as it led to radical changes in production and society. This research paper sheds light on some aspects related to the civilization of ancient Iraq and its development over the ages. The focus is on the challenges facing the relationship between civilization and nomadism, culture and urbanity, especially in the era of globalization. It discusses how rapid changes in technology and economy can affect the identities and traditions of societies. Finally, civilization is considered a product of presence and emergence, and it reflects urbanization and progress, as it is preceded by the stage of nomadism, and stability is the main factor that distinguishes it, which creates challenges related to preserving cultural heritage and achieving a balance between progress and traditions.

Several factors contributed to the arrival of the Ottoman Empire to Yemen in 1872 AD, including the attack on Hodeidah by Muhammad bin Aidh, the Emir of Asir, which prompted the Ottoman Empire to come, as Hodeidah represented a strategic importance to it, in addition to the Ottoman Empire’s attempt to compensate for what it lost in terms of possessions in Europe, as it tightened its grip on the states of the Arabian Peninsula, in addition to what the Suez Canal - which opened in 1869 AD - provided in terms of facilities in transporting forces and necessary supplies to Yemen, in addition to what the canal highlighted of the importance of Yemen’s location controlling the southern entrance to the Red Sea, and the European countries focused their attention on the eastern and western coasts of the Red Sea to continue their interests in India and the Middle East, which led the Ottoman authorities to change their policy and work to extend their influence over Yemen completely, and after controlling Yemen in 1872 AD, the Ottoman Empire faced many difficulties in Yemen, most notably the revolutions that were taking place against them, as These rebels were getting weapons from the Yemeni coast, so the Ottoman Empire saw that it was necessary to impose control over these coasts, cut off arms supplies, and put an end to the piracy operations carried out by the tribesmen, which were causing major problems for the Ottoman Empire in front of foreign countries.

The function of bank credit plays an important role in achieving the objectives of Iraqi government banks, as credit controls most of the assets of these banks, and credit contributes the largest share of the operating income of these banks. Bank credit faces a major challenge represented by bank credit risks, which hinder bank credit from achieving its objectives. The researcher found that despite the emphasis of international accounting standards on the necessity of disclosing risks related to assets, including bank credit, as well as disclosing the amounts set aside to confront potential losses in this credit represented in the credit provision, the reality of the current disclosure of bank credit risks and its provision indicates that it faces severe shortcomings that prevent achieving the required benefit for users of banks' financial statements in order to determine the reality of credit activity in these banks. Also, the formation of the credit provision in its current state needs to be developed to be compatible with credit risks more effectively. In order to address the previous shortcomings, the researcher proposed a model for measuring bank credit risks with the aim of developing accounting disclosure of these risks and their provision in a way that achieves the objectives of users of banks' financial statements in a better and more effective way, in addition to developing the method of forming the credit provision to be more accurate and objective

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran took an interest in the countries of the South Caucasus that had previously belonged to the Soviet Union, whose collapse caused Iran many problems, the most prominent of which was the emergence of independent states on its northern borders, especially Azerbaijan and Armenia, which after independence entered into many disputes over the Nagorno region. Karabakh) promised the Iranians that they must play an important role in settling the conflict, in order to preserve their national and strategic security, as well as limit the influence of Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Israel in the South Caucasus region. Iranian policy during this period varied regarding the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, as a result of Iran’s fear of expansion. Azerbaijan’s influence in the region, which makes it compete with Iranian influence and then incites the Azeris in Iran to secede and join Azerbaijan. This cannot be allowed by Iran, so it supported Armenia indirectly by proposing Iran’s mediation project to settle the conflict. At the same time, Armenia was attacking Azerbaijani lands. With the knowledge of the Russians and Iranians, who were both seeking to limit Turkish and Israeli influence, so Iran sought, by supporting Armenia, to win Russia’s favor and prevent the expansion of Azerbaijan’s power. The research also addressed Iranian mediation and the reasons for its failure.

This article tries to investigate how Ted Hughes used the images of animals in his poetry, focusing on some selected poems "The Thought Fox," "Hawk Roosting," "Pike" and “The Crow”. Ted Hughes' desire to imagine animals begins as a child throughout his work, where animals are often used as effective symbols of nature's strength besides the complex interaction between humans and wildlife. This study highlights the poet's use of animal pictures and metaphors to see how it represents his feelings toward nature as both awe-inspiring and mysterious, he uses sensory signs to express the presence of these creatures in comparison with human conduct. This essay also studies the role of myth and folklore in Ted Hughes's life and how he describes his feelings toward animals and nature in his poetry, as well as how his poetry shows a deep respect for the natural world's power. The study shows that Hughes's usage of animal imagery proposes a sophisticated perspective on the interaction between human beings and the natural world, this essay proves also some rough similarities between human and animal conduct especially humans’ tendency towards savagery and violence.

This research aims to identify the measurement of self-bias and lifestyles among professors of the Open College of Education / Thi Qar Center, and to know the extent of the influence of gender and period of service. To achieve this, the researcher built a self-bias scale based on Heider's theory, which was defined in three areas: the individual's tendency towards himself, boasting about achievement, and escaping from responsibility. (21) paragraphs were formulated in the style of declarative statements, and for each paragraph there are five graded alternatives for the answer, which are (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never) given to it when correcting the grades, respectively (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) for the paragraphs formulated in the direction of measuring self-bias and the opposite correction for the paragraphs formulated in the opposite direction of measuring self-bias. The researcher verified the discriminatory power of the scale paragraphs and their validity coefficients by applying the scale to (60) male and female professors. The researcher verified the validity of her scale with two indicators: apparent validity by presenting the scale paragraphs to (14) judges in psychological counseling and psychological measurement, and a validity index Construction by linking the paragraph to the total score and linking the paragraph to the field to which it belongs, the researcher verified the stability of the scale by retesting and the stability coefficient reached (0.817). As for the concept of lifestyles, the researcher adopted the (Naqshbandi, 2010) scale. The lifestyles scale consists of (30) paragraphs for each (6) style. The styles are (social, control, activity, self-control, taking). The scale was designed according to the Likert method, and the answer alternatives are five-point, including the alternatives (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never). The scores were given (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) according to the direction of the paragraph. After verifying the accuracy of the psychometric properties of the research scales and their paragraphs, the research scales were applied to the basic research sample of (60) professors who were selected according to the variables of gender and length of service. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the sample members enjoy Self-bias and lifestyles There is a statistically significant difference in the relationship between self-bias and lifestyles according to the variables of gender and length of service. Accordingly, the researcher recommends conducting seminars to determine the impact of self-bias on the work of university professors. To complete the research, the researcher suggests conducting subsequent studies such as studying the relationship between self-bias and lifestyles in other different samples.