Psychological Science

Abstract:
The study aimed to measure the self-motivation of Baghdad University students, and the statistically significant differences in self-motivation according to the variables of gender (male, female) and specialization (scientific, humanity).
The researcher built a measure of self-motivation and the number of its paragraphs was (27) items, and the psychometric characteristics were extracted from the validity and reliability of the scale. The study was applied to a sample of (400) male and female students from the University of Baghdad.
The results showed that the research sample has high self-motivation, and there are no statistically significant differences in self-motivation according to the gender variable (male, female), as well as according to specialization (scientific, humanity).
According to the results, the researcher has set forward several recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:
The problem of the research was represented by a main question about the parties responsible for the spread of the phenomenon of cyber bullying, and the aim of the research was to identify the extent of students' exposure to cyber bullying through social networking sites and the theories that explain it. The research sample consisted of (406) Iraqi university students who are continuing their studies, and the research was based on the survey method, and the questionnaire was adopted as a method and tool for data collection. And that the parties responsible for the spread of the phenomenon of cyber bullying are three parties in society, which are the family (66.7%), the media (66.2%), and the religious institution (32.2%), while the results underestimated the importance of the rest of the parties represented by the security services (17.9%) and administrations. Universities (17.9%) and school administrations (16.9%) are responsible for spreading the phenomenon.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the quality of performance of the university teachers, and the statistically significant differences in the quality of performance according to the variable (specialization, gender). Scientific and human, the performance quality scale was prepared, and after completing the psychometric characteristics of the scale, from honesty, stability and discrimination, the final scale consisted of (30) items in the final form and was applied to the research sample. And by using the following statistical methods: (T-test for one sample and two independent samples - and Pearson's correlation coefficient - Al-Vakronbach - Chi-square) the results showed: the university teachers enjoy a high level on the performance quality scale, and this result is explained according to the (Deming) model that the quality of the product depends on the institution's policy and there are no differences Significant according to the variables (sex and specialization) on the scale (quality of performance).

Abstract
The research aimed to build a scale of self-disclosure among university students. A random sample of (300) male and female students was selected from the Anbar University community, and from both disciplines. An Iraqi scale for the concept of self-disclosure, as the researchers prepared (60) Items distributed over (7) fields, and the alternatives for the answer were three. They esteem is generally low among the sample, and that males are more self-disclosing to their male colleagues than females, and females are more than males more self-disclosing to their female colleagues than to their male colleagues.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the value system of middle school students and the statistically significant differences in the value system according to the variable of gender (male, female) and specialization (scientific, literary).2021/2022The sample was chosen randomly, and The two researchers prepared the value system scale. After statistical treatment and data analysis, The two researchers reached results stating that the students’ value system are as follows: religious values, social values, scientific values, economic values, political values, aesthetic values.There are no differences in aesthetic and religious values, and there are differences in economic and political values in favor of males, while scientific and social values are in favor of females. There are no differences in aesthetic and religious values, and there are differences in economic and scientific values in favor of scientific specialization, and political and social values in favor of literary specialization.In light of the results, the The two researchers reached a number of recommendations and proposals, including: Making educational programs and school activities to develop a group of positive values, and conducting a similar study to reveal the relationship of the value system with other variables such as psychological superiority

Abstract:
The current study aimed to find out the relationship between job satisfaction and psychological adjustment among a sample of first-cycle teachers in the city of Idlib. It also aimed to reveal the differences between males and females in job satisfaction, and to reveal the differences between males and females in psychosocial adjustment.
The Research Sample:
The original population of the research includes teachers of the basic stage in Idlib governorate, while the study sample consisted of (150) male and female teachers assigned to the Directorate of Education in Idlib; (75) of them are teachers; And (75) parameters, and the sample will be intentionally drawn;
Research Results:
The Job Satisfaction Scale of Carver and Shire (1980), Arabized by Nawras Hadi (2008)
Hamid Zahran's Psychosocial Adjustment Scale (2001)
Results;
1- There is a statistically significant correlation between job satisfaction and psychosocial adjustment.
2- There are no differences between males and females in job satisfaction.
3- .There are no differences between males and females in psychosocial adjustment.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify (the effectiveness of teaching using the Brain Harmony Model in the physical geography subject of the fifth grade literary students and the development of their crystallized intelligence). The experimental group who studied the subject according to the compatibility model of the brain, and the students of the control group who studied the same subject using the traditional method in the dimensional crystallized intelligence test. In order to verify the validity of the hypothesis, the researcher prepared teaching plans according to the compatibility model of the brain, and it was presented to experts and arbitrators, and in the light of their opinions, some modifications were made to it until it was ready to teach the experimental group. The researcher also relied on the experimental research method, and used the real experimental design with two groups Equivalent posttest to measure crystallized intelligence. Research community was determin the student the fifth literary grade in secondary and preparatory governmental daytime school affiliated to General Directorate of Education Baghdad / Second Rosafa, and in a simple random way, the research sample consisting of (60) female students of the fifth literary grade from Al-Sumoud Secondary School for Girls was selected, divided into two groups (experimental and control) ), by (30) students for each group. The researcher conducted equivalence between the two research groups in some variables (chronological age, previous achievement in geography, intelligence, previous knowledge), and to verify the goal of the research, the crystallized intelligence test was applied to the two research groups at the end of the experiment, also the result were analyze statistically, use appropriates tools, including Post-test for two independent sample. Results of the research showed: students of the experimental group who studied the subject using the brain compatibility model outperformed the students of the control group who studied the same subject using the traditional method in the dimensional crystallized intelligence test. In the light of the research results, the researcher made some suggestions, including: Conducting a study to identify the effect of teaching using the harmonic brain model on other dependent variables, such as productive thinking, holistic thinking, and others.

Abstract:
The current research aims to identify the perceived self-efficacy of Tikrit
University students and its relationship to some variables according to gender (male, female) and specialization (scientific, human) among university students. It is the statistical analysis sample amounting to (400) male and female students, and the second is the results sample, which amounted to (340) male and female students from the University of Tikrit for the academic year 2022-2021AD, and the sample was selected in a stratified random manner. (Which consists of three domains for this scale, namely:
1- Academic knowledge competence.
2- Emotional self-sufficiency.
3- Behavioral self-efficacy associated with social skills.
The items of the scale amounted to (37) items, and the alternatives for correcting the items were five, as the self-efficacy scale in the current study was corrected with five alternatives for each item, which are (always apply to me, apply. for me often, apply to me sometimes, and apply rarely, It does not apply to me). The scale was corrected in light of the scores of the alternatives (5, 4, 3, 2, 1), respectively, with respect to the positive items, so that each item was given a score according to the alternatives chosen for those. The stability coefficient of the scale using the re-test method), and calculating the stability of the scale by calculating the perceived self-efficacy scale scores in the first application, calculating the scores of the same sample in the same test from the second application, and then deriving the correlation coefficient using the person’s equation between the degrees of the two applications, and it reached (0, 81) method of half-diastasis (Abu Hatab and Sayed, 2008: 148). Self-efficacy measure for the same stability sample consisting of (30) individuals to find out the relationship between the individuals' scores. In the individual items and their scores on the even items of the scale, the value of the correlation coefficient between the two halves was (0.85), and the researchers used the Spearman-Brown equation to correct the correlation coefficient. The stability coefficient was (0.84). And after processing the data
statistically, the results showed the following: University students are characterized by a high level of achievement emotions, and there are no statistically significant differences between males and females, that is, the gender variable does not affect the self-level. Efficiency, whether for males or
females, and there are no differences in the variable of specialization

Abstract:
The objective of the current research is to identify the level of perceived self-efficacy among primary school teachers and the significance of statistical differences in the level of perceived self-efficacy according to the variable (gender (male-female), specialization (scientific, human), certificate (diploma, bachelor's degree, higher degree), years of service (1-5), (6-10), (11-15), (16 and more).
The research population included all male and female teachers in primary schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Karkh-2 for the academic year (2021-2022). The research sample consisted of (500) male and female teachers who were chosen randomly.( 35) paragraphs included (4) areas (experiences of mastery, reciprocal experiences, verbal persuasion, emotional and physiological states) and next to of each paragraph there are (5) alternatives, The research tools were applied to the individuals of the research sample and the data were obtained and processed statistically, and the results showed that primary school teachers enjoyed a high level of perceived self-efficacy, and there was no statistically significant difference in the variable of perceived self-efficacy according to the gender variable, with a difference in the level of perceived self-efficacy among Primary school teachers according to the variable of specialization in favor of scientific specialization, according to the variable of certificate and in favor of higher certificates, and according to the variable of the number of years of service for teachers with many years of service. In light of the results, the two researchers put together a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the training program using the theatrical character of the puppet theater in the development of cognitive concepts among kindergarten children, and the researcher used the experimental research method with the experimental and control group. For the academic year (2022-2023), the researcher relied on selecting a sample for her research on the simple random method, as the number of the sample was (60) boys and girls distributed equally by (30) boys and girls for the experimental group and (30) boys and girls for the control group, The researcher built a scale of cognitive concepts after reviewing the previous verses, as the scale consisted of situational paragraphs with a total of (18) paragraphs, and the scale enjoyed good honesty and stability, as the stability was reached by the Klronbach alpha equation (0.84), and the researcher was rewarded between the experimental and control groups in each of (achievement The study of the mother and father, and the chronological age, the pre-test), and to extract the results of the research, the researcher used the t-test for one sample and the t-test for two independent samples, and the researcher reached the following results;
- The Kindergarten children suffer from a low level of cognitive concepts.-
- The training program using the theatrical character of the puppet theater had an impact on the development of cognitive concepts among kindergarten children.
- In light of the above results, the researcher recommended some recommendations, the most important of which are:
2- Paying attention to cognitive processes and their formation in children, as well as studying cognitive distortions in children.
3- Seek to pay attention to training programs for kindergarten children by directing the specialized cadres for this category.
As a complement to the current research, the researcher suggests::
1- Building an indicative program in the development of cognitive concepts for children with special needs.
2- Studying the relationship between cognitive concepts and other variables (kinetic intelligence, active listening, classroom

Abstract:
The current study aimed to identify the attitudes of kindergarten teachers towards the extent to which some standards of Total Quality Management (TQM) are applied in several kindergartens in northwestern Syria, and to detect differences in female teachers' attitudes towards the reality of kindergarten work in northwestern Syria, depending on the educational qualification variable and the number of years of service for the female teacher.
The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach, which is used in studies that aim to monitor reality as it is, without interfering with the impact of its variables. The research was applied to a sample of (23) kindergartens operating in northwestern Syria. It utilized the questionnaire as a study tool to reached the following results:
The reality of kindergartens in northwestern Syria does not conform to the standards of Total Quality Management (TQM). According to the questionnaire designed for this purpose, most of these kindergartens were of medium to low and very low quality, which is contrary to the standards for quality. Also, there was differences in the attitudes of female teachers towards the reality of kindergarten work, taking into account the variable of the educational qualification of the female teacher and the female teachers with the highest educational qualifications, and the differences in the attitudes of the female teachers according to the variable of the number of years of service were in favor of the female teachers with the highest experience.

Abstract:
The study aims to learn about the methods of parental treatment and its relationship to the vitality of the conscience among middle school students, as the number of members of the sample reached (200) male and female students who were chosen in the simple random way with equal distribution. For the purpose of measuring this goal, adopting the methods of parental treatment of (Al -Rubaie 2007), which consists of (28) paragraphs, as well as the vitality of the conscience of (Al -Qaisi 2013), which is made up (8 3) paragraphs. The results indicated for the current research that all methods will not get a significance and will not be determined by the method that is dealt with by the father for the children with a sign of the society’s sample, but the method of oscillating appeared at the highest methods used by the father and then the democratic and then authoritarian and then excessive protection and the method of neglect came In the lowest in my account of other methods, and the results of the second goal were on having a low degree of liveliness of conscience among students of the preparatory stage of the sample that was chosen, as well as the results of the third goal refer to the weak correlation between the methods of parental treatment and the vitality of the conscience of preparatory students, and with some of these correlation transactions were high Relatively, such as the link between the vitality of conscience and the two methods (democratic) and (excessive protection), but it did not reach the level of the required indication. Key words: parental transaction methods - vitality of conscience

Abstract:
The current research aimed at identifying the anxiety of losing parents and the significance of the differences among male and female students, and identifying the poor psychological adjustment among primary school students and the significance of the differences between males and females, and identifying the nature of the relationship between the anxiety of losing parents and the poor psychological adjustment among students in the primary stage, and is determined The current research with primary school students, so the researcher chose a random sample with equal choice of (200) male and female students, and the researcher relied on Karen Horney's theory in building a measure of parental loss anxiety and poor psychological compatibility, and extracting the validity and indicators of the validity of the construction, and it was confirmed The stability of the two scales by the methods of testing and re-testing and the midterm segmentation. The measure of parental loss anxiety consisted of (20) verbal items. As for the measure of psychological ill-adjustment, it consisted of (20) verbal items. The researcher used appropriate statistical methods in analyzing the data. The following results: The sample of the current research suffers from the anxiety of losing parents, and that the sample members have psychological maladjustment and there are statistically significant differences in favor of male students. Correlation (0.368) The current research came out with a number of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract:
The current research aims at knowing the extent of the history teachers use to the modern teaching methods . To achieve this goal , the following hypothesis is put :
There is no different between the arithmetic mean of the research sample and the hypothetical mean of the study prepared in this research . The descriptive approach was chosen as the appropriate approach to achieve the goal of the research.
The tool was applied on the sample of ( 30 ) male and female teachers were chosen randomly and distributed to (10) schools of Education Directorate of Rusafa ( first , second , third) . After collecting the data and treating them statistically by using the T-test for one sample, the following results were revealed :
1- The use of history teachers to the modern teaching methods was substandard .
2- There is weak availability of appropriate conditions for accrediting history teachers in the junior secondary school to use modern teaching methods.
3- According to the results , a group of recommandations were submitted :
4- The Education Directorate of Rusafa ( first , second , third) shall interest in urging history teachers to use modern teaching methods.
Activating the role of history supervisors in helping history teachers to use modern teaching methods.
There is a group of proposals:
1- Conducting a similar study to the current research on other specifications.
2- Conducting a similar study to the current research on other intermediate and primary school stages.

Abstract:
The current study aimed to analyze the mathematics book for the first intermediate grade according to the dimensions of sustainable development. And the second) from the mathematics book for the first intermediate grade, and the book’s introduction, chapter titles, and indexes were excluded, and the results of the analysis for the two parts (first and second) showed that the economic dimension came first at a rate of (39) recurrences and a percentage (45.3%), and the environmental dimension came second, with a percentage (32) recurrences and a percentage of (37.3), and the social dimension came in third place, with a rate of (15) recurrences and a percentage of)17.4).”

Abstract:
The current research aimed to identify
1- The level of inability to express the feelings of alexithymia among middle school students.
2- The differences in the lack of expression of feelings, alexithymia, among middle school students, according to the gender variable (male-female).
3- The level of inability to express feelings of alexithymia among middle school students according to the variable of specialization (scientific – literary).
The sample of the current research consisted of (600) male and female students who were chosen randomly. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a measure of inability to express feelings, alexithymia, and using the following statistical methods: (Ki-square – t-test for one sample – t-test for two independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's Alpha), the following results showed:
1- The students of the research sample are characterized by a high level of deficiency in expressing feelings .
2- The female students of the research sample are more than the male students in the variable of lack of expression of feelings.
3- There is no significant difference in the variable of inability to express feelings between students of scientific specialization and students of literary specialization .
In light of the results reached, the researcher formulated a number of recommendations and proposals

Abstract:
The family is the basic building block in building society and the first social institution in which a child grows and his behaviors are shaped through it, as it is considered the basis on which his personality is built through its influence on all subsequent stages of his life. Interactivity with its various elements (Abdullah, 1999, 76)
The role of the family is not limited to that, but rather it has many important functions that it performs towards its children, as it provides them with security, safety, and stability, and encourages them to give, achieve, and be independent. It is also in the arms of the family that the child learns its language and learns from it its customs and traditions. Therefore, the small family that consists of the father, mother, and their children prepares the school. The first and basic for every child, where he learns a lot from it, which remains with him for life. Through the family, he acquires his social and religious values and all the standards of his behavior. (Fouad Al-Bahi, 187, 1980)

Abstract
The present study aims at investigating :
• the queen bee phenomenon in academic female staffs at Mustansiriyah university
• the psychological flexibility in this staff
• Statistical indication of the correlation between the queen bee phenomenon and the psychological flexibility in academic female staffs at Mustansiriyah university.
The data of the current study is the academic female staff at Mustansiriyah university outside the Centre . It consists of 212 females as academic staff for the academic year (2022-2023). In order to achieve the aims of the study, an instrument to measure the queen bee syndrome was built based on the Grangeiro et.al (2022) scale adopting social identity theory. The developed final version of the scale consists of (32) items where each item represents a mechanism. Thus , denial of discrimination mechanism consists of six (6) items, supporting gender quotas mechanism consists of (3) items, perception of sacrifice mechanism consists of (6) items, merit mechanism consists of (7) items , the professional participation mechanism consists of (4) items and the male self-description mechanism consists of (6) items. The psychometric properties of the scale have been extracted from honesty and stability. The value of the Fakrenbach coefficient (0.81) has reached what is a measure of psychological resilience. The researcher adopted the Singh & Manya 2010 scale adopted the definition of Cannor-Davidson expressed in the BY2019 study consisting of (25) A paragraph. The psychometric properties were extracted from the sincerity and stability of the Fakronbach persistence coefficient (0.86).
The present study has concluded that the queen bee phenomenon is found in the academic females staff of Mustansiriyah university. The average was higher than the average hypothesis and T calculated higher than the scheduler and psychological flexibility. The average of instruction was higher than the average hypothesis and T calculated higher than scheduling. There is a statistically significant connection between the queen bee phenomenon and the psychological flexibility in the female academic staff of Mustansiriyah university education.
The study comes up with a set of recommendations and proposals for future studies.

Abstract
The current study was prepared in order to find out the importance of education institutions in managing the phenomena of crises and risks and hindering them from the viewpoints of the faculty members affiliated with the Third Rusafa Education Directorate for the academic year 2021_2022. The descriptive analytical statistical method was relied upon to reveal each of: the level of crisis and risk management, the levels of importance of risk management dimensions, and the mechanisms that can help reduce and obstruct those risks in the educational institutions under study. The researcher reached a number of results, the most prominent of which was the presence of a weakness in the interest of the educational institutions in question in detecting the manifestations of imbalance that are a measure to indicate the occurrence of crises, and that there is a lack of cultural awareness about crisis management in educational institutions, and the opinions of the faculty members surveyed indicated that one of the most important factors that limit the process of facing crises is the scarcity of training programs that specialize in developing their skills to face crises and school risks.

Abstract
(The effect of a counseling training program in reducing anxiety and depression in patients with renal failure )
The current research aims to build a training counseling program that helps people with chronic diseases, especially patients with kidney failure, who refer to the dialysis department in the Anbar Health Directorate to reduce anxiety and depression that they suffer from through applying the two scales prepared by the researcher on a number of reviewers of 50 patients with kidney failure. The research sample consisted of 10 people receiving treatment who agreed to participate in the training program. Since chronic diseases have a bad effect on the patient and the society in which he lives, especially since the number of people suffering from these diseases is constantly increasing. The researcher built a training program after applying the anxiety and depression scales prepared by her. The program consisted of 13 counseling sessions. The program was applied via the Internet (WhatsApp) after making sure that they are fluent in reading and writing and have mobile devices and internet service. At the end of the period that lasted for three weeks Three sessions per week except for the last session at the end of the program. The two scales were applied in the last thirteenth session via the Internet (WhatsApp application). The same research, as their scores decreased on the anxiety and depression scales, and this result is consistent with the findings of some studies.

Abstract:
Objective: The goal of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of sleep disorders among dental students in relation to age and gender.
Methods: A comparative cross section study was carried out among dental students aged 22 - 23 years attending College of Dentistry In Al- Kufa University located in Najaf governorate in Iraq. All students (270) were participate in this study. These students responded to a questionnaire that was intended to gather data on sleep disorders. Data was statically analyzed utilizing(SPSS-22, Illionis, USA).
Results: The results of the current investigation demonstrated that poor sleep quality was (58.89%) as it was higher among females than males, although the data showed that poor sleep quality was more frequently occur for fourth-grade students who were 22 years old than for fifth- grade students who were 23 years old.
Conclusion: Sleep disorders found to be more among females and decreasing with increase academic grade.